1.5 : 格式塔心理学

Gestalt psychology is a school of thought introduced by three German psychologists — Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler.

The term — Gestalt is of German origin and roughly translates to — whole or complete.

Gestalt psychology suggests that individuals look for complete patterns in what they see and hear. For example, when listening to music, people do not perceive individual notes in isolation but as part of a cohesive melody.

One key principle of Gestalt psychology is that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

For instance, the flavor of a dish results from the combination of various ingredients, each contributing to a taste that is more satisfying than any single ingredient alone.

The Gestalt principle has significantly influenced cognitive psychology, which studies sensation, perception, learning, memory, and thought processes.

Additionally, Gestalt psychology has contributed to the humanistic theory, which views individuals not as a mere collection of separate traits or behaviors but as whole beings.