This research was supported by the Gottfried Wilhelm-Leibniz Grant from the German Research Foundation (DFG) awarded to Thomas Mussweiler.

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

توضح هذه المقالة مجموعة من التدابير بشأن كيفية التعامل مع الناس يمكن ويمكن أن تقلل من عدم اليقين عن طريق التجريبية بدلا من الطريق المعرفي. وعلاوة على ذلك، فإنه يدل على طريقة لتفعيل تجريبيا عدم الاستقرار البيئي تمكين الباحثين من دراسة كيفية هذا النوع من عدم اليقين، إ?...

عدم اليقين، والسوابق وعواقبه، هو موضوع التحقيق للغاية في الاقتصاد، وعلم النفس، والتسويق. وهذا أمر مفهوم، حيث ان الاشخاص المجتمع الحديث وتواجه باستمرار مع عدم اليقين: في قراراتهم اليومية للتسوق، ومهنهم، وديناميات أسرهم. تعلم التفاوض والتعامل مع حالة عدم اليقين وبالتالي أصبحت شرطا للحياة الحديثة. يتم تعريف عدم اليقين بشكل عام وعدم وجود المعرفة. حتى الآن، وقد ركزت معظم البحوث في مجال التسويق وصنع القرار على عدم اليقين بسبب بدائل الخيارات. بسبب معلومات ناقصة، ويشعر الناس غير متأكدين من البدائل المتاحة وفائدة هذه البدائل 1،2. من أجل الحد من عدم اليقين هذا، والناس كثيرا ما يحاول زيادة قاعدة معارفهم وطلب معلومات إضافية 2-4. ومع ذلك، بالإضافة إلى الشعور غير مؤكد بسبب المعلومات الناقصة، ويتعرض أيضا الناسلعدم اليقين بسبب أحداث خارجية لا يمكن التنبؤ بها والسيطرة عليها والتي من تأثير من الصعب الحكم على حياة المرء في المستقبل 5،6. هذا عدم الاستقرار البيئي ينشأ عندما لا يعرف المرء كيف أن البيئة قد تتغير، وبالتالي لا يمكن تعيين الاحتمالات لاحتمال للأحداث المستقبلية. ومن الأمثلة على هذا النوع من عدم اليقين هي لتقلبات المثال الاقتصادية والتهديدات من الهجمات الإرهابية، والتغيرات السياسية. في ظل هذه الشكوك تستحضر الظروف، ببساطة تبحث عن معلومات ستفشل لمكافحة عدم اليقين. خصوصا بسبب عدم الاستقرار البيئي من أي وقت مضى أكثر انتشارا في المجتمع الحديث، وهناك القليل جدا معروف عن كيف يمكن لهذا الغموض يؤثر صنع القرار والاختيار، فإنه من الأهمية بمكان لتطوير المنهج التجريبي الجديد لتنشيط بشكل موقعي عدم الاستقرار البيئي. هذا البروتوكول يلبي هذه الاحتياجات. وعلاوة على ذلك، تقليديا كان التركيز على cognitاستراتيجيات إيف الناس استخدام عند مواجهة عدم اليقين. له بحوث على سبيل المثال أثبتت ذلك - إلى جانب الحصول على معلومات إضافية - الناس أصبحت أكثر وثيق في التفكير حول مواقفهم 7، والتأكيد على العدالة وإجراءات عادلة 8، وينظرون إلى أنماط وهمية في محفزات عشوائية عند مواجهة عدم اليقين 9. ومع ذلك، الناس ليسوا دائما قادرة على التعامل معرفيا مع عدم اليقين، وعلى سبيل المثال عندما تفتقر الوقت أو عندما يكون لديهم قدرة محدودة المعرفية للقيام بذلك. وفي هذه الحالة قد تستخدم بديل، الطريق التجريبي والسعي لمسي الأحاسيس الناعمة للتعامل بكفاءة مع والحد من عدم اليقين. يمكن أن تتأثر الحكم البشري من خلال التجارب الجسدية التي تنتقل عن طريق الاتصال الحسية صنع الأنظمة مع العالم الخارجي (أي والمرئية، أو الصوتية لمسي). ويمكن لهذه المشاعر تؤثر أحكامنا دون الدلالي، التفسير المعرفي للمدخلات الحسية 10. توكهينج شيء ينة قد يكون مثل هذا جسدي خبرة الناس في البحث عنه عند الاضطرار إلى التعامل مع عدم اليقين. في مرحلة الطفولة، وغالبا ما يتم تخفيف مشاعر عدم الراحة عن طريق اللمس الجسدي مثل عقد أو الربت من قبل مقدمي الرعاية أو شعور اللعب محبوب الناعمة. من خلال هذه التجارب المبكرة مع لمسة، ليونة يصبح يرتبط بقوة مع الراحة والأمان، وبالتالي يمكن أن تكون أداة فعالة لمحاربة عدم اليقين. ولكن ما هو نوع من الإحساس لمسي لينة وتساعد في التعامل مع حالة عدم اليقين؟ أي نوع؟ ويجب أن يكون من ذوي الخبرة ليونة أو بما فيه الكفاية عندما يتم مجرد النظر إلى خصائص لينة من كائن على شاشة الكمبيوتر؟ ويتناول هذا البروتوكول هذه القضايا. إلى جانب الاستراتيجيات التي يستخدمها الناس للتعامل مع حالة عدم اليقين، فإنه من الأهمية معرفة ما إذا كانت استراتيجية معينة وظيفية. يتم قياس وظائف نعومة تسعى يمكن على سبيل المثال ذاتي من خلال إنشاء مستوى واحد من عدم اليقين قبل وبعد عقد ذلكmething لينة (مستوى عدم اليقين مع مرور الوقت). وهناك طريقة أخرى لتقييم الحد من عدم اليقين بصورة غير مباشرة عن طريق استخدام مهمة غامضة، مثل ثلجي صورة العمل (SPT) 11. وتتكون هذه المهمة مجموعة من الصور التي هي جزء لا يتجزأ الكائنات في الثلوج البصرية. يتعين على المشاركين تشير إلى الكائن الذي يعتقدون أنه خفية وراء الثلوج وعدم تأكدهم فيما يتعلق جوابهم. وأخيرا، واستبيان شخصية (عدم اليقين التعصب مقياس 12) يمكن أن تستخدم لقياس ما إذا كان ليونة ويمكن أيضا زيادة التسامح العام الشخص تجاه عدم اليقين في الحياة اليومية.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Medialab</td><td>Empirisoft</td><td></td><td>Program to create and run experiments&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Qualtrics</td><td>Qualtrics.com</td><td></td><td>Online survey program</td></tr><tr><td>SPSS Version 21</td><td>IBM</td><td></td><td>Statistical program</td></tr></tbody></table>

experimental research examining how people can cope with uncertainty through soft haptic sensations

ويحيط البشر باستمرار من عدم اليقين والتغيير. السؤال الذي يطرح نفسه كيف يمكن للناس التعامل مع مثل هذه الشكوك. حتى الآن، وقد ركزت معظم البحوث على الاستراتيجيات المعرفية الناس تعتمد على التعامل مع حالة عدم اليقين. ومع ذلك، خصوصا عند الشك يرجع إلى أحداث غير متوقعة المجتمعية (على سبيل المثال، والأزمات الاقتصادية والثورات السياسية والتهديدات الإرهابية) من أي واحد غير قادر على الحكم على تأثير ذلك على مستقبل الحية، استراتيجيات المرء المعرفية (مثل الحصول على معلومات إضافية) ومن المرجح أن تفشل لمكافحة عدم اليقين. بدلا من ذلك، تناقش هذه الورقة أسلوب يدل على أن الناس قد تعامل مع حالة عدم اليقين بالخبرة من خلال الأحاسيس لمسي لينة. وبشكل أكثر تحديدا، بسبب لمس شيء ناعم يخلق شعورا من الراحة والأمن، والناس يفضلون الأشياء مع ليونة بالمقارنة مع خصائص أصعب عند الشعور غير مؤكد. تسعى ليونة هو أداة فعالة للغاية وفعالة للتعامل مع حالة عدم اليقين كما أووتتوفر في جميع الأوقات أيدي ص. يصف هذا البروتوكول مجموعة من الأساليب يتظاهرون 1) كيف البيئية (الامم المتحدة) اليقين يمكن تفعيلها بشكل موقعي مع إجراء فتيلة التجريبي، 2) أن جودة تجربة ليونة (نوع من النعومة وكيف هو من ذوي الخبرة) المسائل و3) كيف يمكن الحد من عدم اليقين باستخدام طرق مختلفة.

وقد استخدمت هذه الدراسات للتحقيق 1) ما إذا كان الناس يفضلون مع خصائص الأشياء الناعمة عند مواجهة عدم اليقين و 2) ما إذا كانت تبحث عن ليونة عند مواجهة عدم اليقين غير وظيفية، أي سواء كان ذلك يقلل من عدم اليقين. تم استخدام الإجراء فتيلة (المذكورة أعلاه) لمعالجة تجريبيا ...

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Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations

To date research has focused on cognitive strategies people adopt to cope with uncertainty. This research examines instead an experiential way of dealing with uncertainty and introduces a set of experimental methods showing how the experience of haptic softness can serve as a tool to deal with uncertainty.

البحوث التجريبية دراسة كيف يمكن الناس على التكيف مع عدم اليقين من خلال لينة لمسي الأحاسيس

Human beings are constantly surrounded by uncertainty and change. The question arises how people cope with such uncertainty. To date, most research has ...

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8.9K Views.  VU University. To date research has focused on cognitive strategies people adopt to cope with uncertainty. This research examines instead an experiential way of dealing with uncertainty and introduces a set of experimental methods showing how the experience of haptic softness can serve as a tool to deal with uncertainty.

Video: Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations

The Crossmodal Congruency Task as a Means to Obtain an Objective Behavioral Measure in the Rubber Hand Illusion Paradigm

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a popular experimental paradigm. Participants view touch on an artificial rubber hand while the participants' own hidden hand is touched. If the viewed and felt touches are given at the same time then this is sufficient to induce the compelling experience that the rubber hand is one's own hand. The RHI can be used to investigate exactly how the brain constructs distinct body representations for one's own body. Such representations are crucial for successful interactions with the external world. To obtain a subjective measure of the RHI, researchers typically ask participants to rate statements such as "I felt as if the rubber hand were my hand". Here we demonstrate how the crossmodal congruency task can be used to obtain an objective behavioral measure within this paradigm.
The variant of the crossmodal congruency task we employ involves the presentation of tactile targets and visual distractors. Targets and distractors are spatially congruent (i.e. same finger) on some trials and incongruent (i.e. different finger) on others. The difference in performance between incongruent and congruent trials - the crossmodal congruency effect (CCE) - indexes multisensory interactions. Importantly, the CCE is modulated both by viewing a hand as well as the synchrony of viewed and felt touch which are both crucial factors for the RHI.
The use of the crossmodal congruency task within the RHI paradigm has several advantages. It is a simple behavioral measure which can be repeated many times and which can be obtained during the illusion while participants view the artificial hand. Furthermore, this measure is not susceptible to observer and experimenter biases. The combination of the RHI paradigm with the crossmodal congruency task allows in particular for the investigation of multisensory processes which are critical for modulations of body representations as in the RHI.

We demonstrate how an objective measure can be employed in the widely employed rubber hand illusion paradigm. This measure is obtained by modifying the well-established crossmodal congruency task. This task allows the investigation of multisensory processes which are critical for modulations of body representations as in the rubber hand illusion.

المهام التطابق Crossmodal كوسيلة للحصول على قياس الهدف السلوكي في المطاط اليد بارادايم الوهم

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a popular experimental paradigm. Participants view touch on an artificial rubber hand while the participants' own hidden ...

Testing Tactile Masking between the Forearms

Masking, in which one stimulus affects the detection of another, is a classic technique that has been used in visual, auditory, and tactile research, usually using stimuli that are close together to reveal local interactions. Masking effects have also been demonstrated in which a tactile stimulus alters the perception of a touch at a distant location. Such effects can provide insight into how components of the body's representations in the brain may be linked. Occasional reports have indicated that touches on one hand or forearm can affect tactile sensitivity at corresponding contralateral locations. To explore the matching of corresponding points across the body, we can measure the spatial tuning and effect of posture on contralateral masking. Careful controls are required to rule out direct effects of the remote stimulus, for example by mechanical transmission, and also attention effects in which thresholds may be altered by the participant's attention being drawn away from the stimulus of interest. The use of this technique is beneficial as a behavioural measure for exploring which parts of the body are functionally connected and whether the two sides of the body interact in a somatotopic representation. This manuscript describes a behavioural protocol that can be used for studying contralateral tactile masking.

Here we explore contralateral tactile masking between the forearms in which tactile detection thresholds are modulated by vibration applied to a remote site. The details of which remote sites have an effect can tell us about how the body is represented in the brain.

اختبار اللمس اخفاء بين الساعدين

Masking, in which one stimulus affects the detection of another, is a classic technique that has been used in visual, auditory, and tactile research, ...

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

Studies investigating how people represent themselves and their own body often use variants of &#34;ownership illusions&#34;, such as the traditional rubber-hand illusion or the more recently discovered enfacement illusion. However, these examples require rather artificial experimental setups, in which the artificial effector needs to be stroked in synchrony with the participants&#39; real hand or face&#8212;a situation in which participants have no control over the stroking or the movements of their real or artificial effector. Here, we describe a technique to establish ownership illusions in a setup that is more realistic, more intuitive, and of presumably higher ecological validity. It allows creating the virtual-hand illusion by having participants control the movements of a virtual hand presented on a screen or in virtual space in front of them. If the virtual hand moves in synchrony with the participants&#39; own real hand, they tend to perceive the virtual hand as part of their own body. The technique also creates the virtual-face illusion by having participants control the movements of a virtual face in front of them, again with the effect that they tend to perceive the face as their own if it moves in synchrony with their real face. Studying the circumstances that illusions of this sort can be created, increased, or reduced provides important information about how people create and maintain representations of themselves.

Here, we describe virtual-hand and virtual-face illusion paradigms that can be used to study body-related self-perception/-representation. They have already been used in various studies to demonstrate that, under specific conditions, a virtual hand or face can be incorporated into one&#39;s body representation, suggesting that body representations are rather flexible.

خلق اليد الظاهري والظاهرية وجه أوهام المعنية بالتحقيق في تمثيل الذات

Studies investigating how people represent themselves and their own body often use variants of &#34;ownership illusions&#34;, such as the traditional ...

Characterization of the Sense of Agency over the Actions of Neural-machine Interface-operated Prostheses

This work describes a methodological framework that can be used to explicitly and implicitly characterize the sense of agency developed over the neural-machine interface (NMI) control of sensate virtual or robotic prosthetic hands. The formation of agency is fundamental in distinguishing the actions that we perform with our limbs as being our own. By striving to incorporate advanced upper-limb prostheses into these same perceptual mechanisms, we can begin to integrate an artificial limb more closely into the user&#39;s existing cognitive framework for limb control. This has important implications in promoting user acceptance, use, and effective control of advanced upper-limb prostheses. In this protocol, participants control a virtual prosthetic hand and receive kinesthetic sensory feedback through their preexisting NMIs. A series of virtual grasping tasks are performed and perturbations are systematically introduced to the kinesthetic feedback and virtual hand movements. Two separate measures of agency are employed: established psychophysical questionnaires (to capture the explicit experience of agency) and a time interval estimate task to capture the implicit sense of agency (intentional binding). Results of this protocol (questionnaire scores and time interval estimates) can be analyzed to quantify the extent of agency formation.

Here we present a protocol which characterizes the sense of agency developed over the control of sensate virtual or robotic prosthetic hands. Psychophysical questionnaires are employed to capture the explicit experience of agency, and time interval estimates (intentional binding) are employed to implicitly measure the sense of agency.

وصف الشعور بالوكالة على الأعمال التي تقوم بها أطراف اصطناعية تعمل بواجهة الجهاز العصبي

This work describes a methodological framework that can be used to explicitly and implicitly characterize the sense of agency developed over the ...

Observing the Transformation of Bodily Self-consciousness in the Squeeze-machine Experiment

How is our bodily self-consciousness acquired, and how does it affect cognition? To investigate this, we conducted an experiment using the squeeze machine, a device that provides pressure along the length of the user&#8217;s whole body. The squeeze machine is used to help autistic people relax. The inventor of the machine, Dr. Temple Grandin says that the squeeze machine, beyond bringing her relaxation, enables her to feel empathy for others. This claim is of considerable interest and raises the following two points; first, the problem of empathy in autism is an important issue and Squeeze Machine could be effective. Second, it suggests that the physical action of Squeeze Machine could provide an insight of mind-body problem to us. Here, we hypothesize that the squeeze machine focuses conscious to direct the bodily self, transforming bodily self-consciousness itself. Such intentionality could bring empathy to others. In this study, we tested whether bodily self-consciousness would be transformed through the squeeze-machine experience. In the first part of the protocol, we simplified the original design of Grandin&#8217;s squeeze machine but ensured that it retained its relaxing effect. In the second part of the protocol, we adopted a preestablished method of peri-personal space (PPS) measurement to estimate changes in extended bodily space. The results showed that the boundaries of PPS that appeared in the control experiment disappeared during the use of the squeeze machine. Indeed, collected subjective reports suggest that bodily self-consciousness continually drifted between the point of action of the external force (squeeze-machine pressure) and of an internal force (balance among body parts that are usually not consciously controlled), leading to the abandonment of the immobilization of individual PPS.

The squeeze machine, a V-shaped device that provides pressure along the whole body is used in therapy especially for people with autism. Here, we focus on its possible use in experiments to capture the typical transformations of bodily self-consciousness with peri-personal space measurement.

مراقبة تحول جسدي وعيه الذاتي في التجربة آلة الضغط

How is our bodily self-consciousness acquired, and how does it affect cognition? To investigate this, we conducted an experiment using the squeeze ...

Applying Incongruent Visual-Tactile Stimuli during Object Transfer with Vibro-Tactile Feedback

The application of incongruent sensory signals that involves disrupted tactile feedback is rarely explored, specifically with the presence of vibrotactile feedback (VTF). This protocol aims to test the effect of VTF on the response to incongruent visual-tactile stimuli. The tactile feedback is acquired by grasping a block and moving it across a partition. The visual feedback is a real-time virtual presentation of the moving block, acquired using a motion capture system. The congruent feedback is the reliable presentation of the movement of the block, so that the subject feels that the block is grasped and see it move along with the path of the hand. The incongruent feedback appears as the movement of the block diverts from the actual movement path, so that it seems to drop from the hand when it is actually still held by the subject, thereby contradicting the tactile feedback. Twenty subjects (age 30.2 &#177; 16.3) repeated 16 block transfers, while their hand was hidden. These were repeated with VTF and without VTF (total of 32 block transfers). Incongruent stimuli were presented randomly twice within the 16 repetitions in each condition (with and without VTF). Each subject was asked to rate the difficulty level of performing the task with and without the VTF. There were no statistically significant differences in the length of the hand paths and durations between transfers recorded with congruent and incongruent visual-tactile signals &#8211; with and without the VTF. The perceived difficulty level of performing the task with the VTF significantly correlated with the normalized path length of the block with VTF (r = 0.675, p = 0.002). This setup is used to quantify the additive or reductive value of VTF during motor function that involves incongruent visual-tactile stimuli. Possible applications are prosthetics design, smart sport-wear, or any other garments that incorporate VTF.

We present a protocol to apply incongruent visual-tactile stimuli during an object transfer task. Specifically, during block transfers, performed while the hand is hidden, a virtual presentation of the block shows random occurrences of false block drops. The protocol also describes adding vibrotactile feedback while performing the motor task.

تطبيق المحفزات البصرية المرئية المتطابقة اثناء نقل الكائن مع ملاحظات اللمس

The application of incongruent sensory signals that involves disrupted tactile feedback is rarely explored, specifically with the presence of vibrotactile ...

Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator (TSPAS)

Passive tactile perception is the ability to passively and statically perceive stimulus information coming from the skin; for example, the ability to sense spatial information is the strongest in the skin on the hands. This ability is termed tactile spatial acuity, and is measured by the tactile threshold or discrimination threshold. At present, the two-point threshold is extensively used as a measure of tactile spatial acuity, although many studies have indicated that critical deficits exist in two-point discrimination. Therefore, a computer-controlled tactile stimulus system was developed, the tactile semiautomated passive-finger angle stimulator (TSPAS), using the tactile angle discrimination threshold as a new measure for tactile spatial acuity. The TSPAS is a simple, easily operated system that applies raised angle stimuli to a subject&#39;s passive fingerpad, while controlling movement speed, distance, and contact duration. The components of the TSPAS are described in detail as well as the procedure to calculate the tactile angle discrimination threshold.

Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator TSPAS

Presented is the tactile semiautomated passive-finger angle stimulator TSPAS, a new way to assess tactile spatial acuity and tactile angle discrimination using a computer-controlled tactile stimulus system that applies raised angle stimuli to a subject&#39;s passive fingerpad, while controlling for movement speed, distance, and contact duration.

Tactile نصفي الاصبع الكامنة الاصبع زاوية محفز (TSPAS)

Passive tactile perception is the ability to passively and statically perceive stimulus information coming from the skin; for example, the ability to ...

Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm

Avoidance behavior is a key contributor to the transition from acute pain to chronic pain disability. Yet, there has been a lack of ecologically valid paradigms to experimentally investigate pain-related avoidance. To fill this gap, we developed a paradigm (the robotic arm-reaching paradigm) to investigate the mechanisms underlying the development of pain-related avoidance behavior. Existing avoidance paradigms (mostly in the context of anxiety research) have often operationalized avoidance as an experimenter-instructed, low-cost response, superimposed on stimuli associated with threat during a Pavlovian fear conditioning procedure. In contrast, the current method offers increased ecological validity in terms of instrumental learning (acquisition) of avoidance, and by adding a cost to the avoidance response. In the paradigm, participants perform arm-reaching movements from a starting point to a target using a robotic arm, and freely choose between three different movement trajectories to do so. The movement trajectories differ in probability of being paired with a painful electrocutaneous stimulus, and in required effort in terms of deviation and resistance. Specifically, the painful stimulus can be (partly) avoided at the cost of performing movements requiring increased effort. Avoidance behavior is operationalized as the maximal deviation from the shortest trajectory on each trial. In addition to explaining how the new paradigm can help understand the acquisition of avoidance, we describe adaptations of the robotic arm-reaching paradigm for (1) examining the spread of avoidance to other stimuli (generalization), (2) modeling clinical treatment in the lab (extinction of avoidance using response prevention), as well as (3) modeling relapse, and return of avoidance following extinction (spontaneous recovery). Given the increased ecological validity, and numerous possibilities for extensions and/or adaptations, the robotic arm-reaching paradigm offers a promising tool to facilitate the investigation of avoidance behavior and to further our understanding of its underlying processes.

Avoidance is central to chronic pain disability, yet adequate paradigms for examining pain-related avoidance are lacking. Therefore, we developed a paradigm that allows investigating how pain-related avoidance behavior is learned (acquisition), spreads to other stimuli (generalization), can be mitigated (extinction), and how it may subsequently re-emerge (spontaneous recovery).

التحقيق في سلوك تجنب الألم ذات الصلة باستخدام نموذج الروبوتية الذراع الوصول

Avoidance behavior is a key contributor to the transition from acute pain to chronic pain disability. Yet, there has been a lack of ecologically valid ...

Measuring Changes in Tactile Sensitivity in the Hind Paw of Mice Using an Electronic von Frey Apparatus

Measuring inflammation-induced changes in thresholds of hind paw withdrawal from mechanical pressure is a useful technique to assess changes in pain perception in rodents. Withdrawal thresholds can be measured first at baseline and then following drug, venom, injury, allergen,&#160;or otherwise evoked inflammation by applying an accurate force on very specific areas of the skin. An electronic von Frey apparatus allows precise assessment of mouse hind paw withdrawal thresholds that are not limited by the available filament sizes in contrast to classical von Frey measurements. The ease and rapidity of measurements allow for incorporation of assessment of tactile sensitivity outcomes in diverse models of rapid-onset inflammatory and neuropathic pain as multiple measurements can be taken within a short time period. Experimental measurements for individual rodent subjects can be internally controlled against individual baseline responses and exclusion criteria easily established to standardize baseline responses within and across experimental groups. Thus, measurements using an electronic von Frey apparatus represent a useful modification of the well-established classical von Frey filament-based assays for rodent mechanical allodynia that may also be applied to other nonhuman mammalian models.

Electronic von Frey measurements are an effective and improved alternative to classical von Frey filaments, as they allow rapid and precise measurement of changes in rodent mechanical withdrawal thresholds to continuously applied pressure stimuli before and after an inflammatory event.

Measuring inflammation-induced changes in thresholds of hind paw withdrawal from mechanical pressure is a useful technique to assess changes in pain ...

Neuroscience

Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe)

The concept of personalizing neurologic rehabilitation, based on individual impairments, has experienced a recent surge. In parallel, the number of outcome measures of upper extremity motor performance has grown. However, clinicians and researchers lack practical, quantitative measures of the hand&#8217;s natural role as a receptor of the environment. The Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe), developed by Williams and colleagues in 2006, is a valid and reliable measure of haptic performance. Though not available commercially, the HASTe can be fabricated from inexpensive materials, and it has been used successfully to identify impairments in haptic touch in individuals with stroke. (Williams, 2006). This paper presents the methods of design and fabrication of the HASTe testing kit, as well as a visual screen to be used during administration, and instructions for the tests administration and scoring.

Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test HASTe

The Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe) is a valid and reliable measure of haptic performance, which has been used successfully to identify impaired haptic touch in individuals with stroke. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design, fabrication and administration of the HASTe.

تصميم، تصنيع، وإدارة اليد نشط الإحساس اختبار (عجل)

The concept of personalizing neurologic rehabilitation, based on individual impairments, has experienced a recent surge. In parallel, the number of ...