Name: endoscopic septoplasty with limited two-line resection: minimally invasive surgery for septal deviation
Uploaded: 2018-06-20T13:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 13 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Endoscopic Septoplasty with Limited Two-line Resection: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Septal Deviation at JoVE.com

Bu eser Ulusal Doğa Bilim Vakfı Çin genç akademisyenler (No. 81300810) için Shanghai genç doktor eğitim programı (No. 20141057), Shanghai doğal Bilim Vakfı (No. 16ZR1405100) ve Şangay belediye tarafından finanse edildi Komisyon, sağlık ve aile planlaması (No. 201740187). LetPub (www.letpub.com) teşekkür için-mek şartıyla bu el yazması hazırlanması sırasında dile ait yardım ederim.

İnsan denekler dahil, bu yordam, göz ve kulak burun boğaz hastane, Bund'a Üniversitesi, Çin Kurumsal İnceleme Kurulu tarafından onaylanmıştır. Sağlanan tüm kayıtlı hasta onam yazılı.
1. ameliyat için hazırlık
<ol><li>Ameliyattan önce hastanın burun boşluğuna ön rhinoscopy, endoskopi ve bilgisayarlı tomografi (CT) taramaları onaylamak ve sapmalar bulun ve göstergeler15belirlemek için inceleyin.</li>
	<li>Hastanın a_ılabilinirse onların burun bir bütün olarak değerlendirmek ve bu ölçekte bir görsel analog (VAS) ameliyattan önce belirtmek için sor. Not: Ölçek toplam uzunluğu 10 cm, bir aşırı ile (yani, 0 cm skor %0), tam olarak belli bir burun diğer aşırı olmak tamamen bloke burun (10 cm), % 100 Puanlama ve merkezi bir % 50 tıkanma ile bir burun.</li>
	<li>Vibrissae 1 gün ameliyat öncesi her iki burun vestibules kaldırın.</li>
	<li>Ameliyat günü, üzerinde çalışma tablo16koyduktan sonra hastaya genel anestezi yönetmek. Not: 2-2.5 mg/kg propofol, 0.2 µg/kg sulfentanyl ve 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium anestezi neden. Anestezi remifentanil 0.1 µg/kg/dk sürekli bir intravenöz infüzyon ve sevoflurane (0.8 minimal alveoler konsantrasyon) bir soluma ile koruyun.</li>
	<li>30 ° (dorsal yüksek konumu için) ameliyat masasına yatırmak ve tarafsız bir konumda (ne fleksiyondayken ne de genişletilmiş) hastanın kafasına koydu.</li>
</ol>2. cerrahi müdahale
Not: tüm işlem sırasında 0 derecelik endoskop kullanın.
<ol><li>Gazlı bez (6 cm x 60 cm) 8 adet 20 mL %1 tetracaine ve % 0.1 epinefrinã 4 mL karışık bir çözüm ile dik. Her burun boşluğuna nazal mukoza daraltmak 5 min için 1 sırılsıklam olmuş parça gazlı bez koyun.</li>
	<li>Alt konka yordamının sonunda Asansör ile burun boşluğuna lateral duvarına doğru koymak.</li>
	<li>5 mL şırınga 0,9 20 mL karışık bir çözüm birkaç mililitre ile bağlı bir iğne kullanarak septum sızmak % NaCl ve subperichondrial % 0.1 epinefrinã 0.05 mL ve her iki tarafın septum subperiosteal uçaklar. Not: septum iki tarafa da dışına Eğer biz dışbükey yan ön sapma tarafı olarak tanımlanır.</li>
	<li>Killian bir kesi ipsilaterally tarafında (yani, Konveks yan) maksimum sapma septal kıkırdak Mukokutanöz kavşağında bir No 15 bıçak ile olun. Dikey kesi, mümkün olduğunca yüksek nazal kavitede pistine devam ve burun boşluğuna zeminine ulaşır gibi özafagusu eğri septum başlatın. Not: Belgili tanımlık kesme müköz-perichondrium nazal septum, nüfuz gerekir.</li>
	<li>Kanama durumunda emiş Asansör ile subperichondrial düzlemde mukozal flep yükseltmek. Bir kanama olmadan, 2 mm ya da 5 mm Asansör ile kapağı kaldırın. Mümkün olduğu kadar yüksek yükseklik yukarı ve aşağı doğru dışbükey tarafında kıkırdak ve kemik septum tam olarak ortaya çıkarmak için burun boşluğuna yere uzatmak.</li>
	<li>2-mm Asansör veya bir sayı 15 bıçak keskin sonuna kıkırdak üzerinde kullanarak bir dikey kesi patolojisi ve dörtgen kıkırdak kavşağı ve Etmoid kemiğin dikey plaka anterior aşağı yapmak (yani, ilk satırı 2LoRs). aynı şekilde, yatay bir kesi kıkırdak üzerinde dörtgen kıkırdak, vomer kemiği ve üst sorguç (yani, ikinci satır) Kavşağı üstün yapmak (Şekil 2A). Not: Bu şekilde, septal kıkırdak onun arka ve alt ek kemik septum için seferber ve anterior ve superior eki olduğu gibi tutulur.</li>
	<li>Çift taraflı emiş Asansör ile kemik septum ortaya çıkarmak için kontralateral mucoperiosteum yükseltmek.</li>
	<li>Arka ve alt kenar boşlukları septal kıkırdak ve bitişik kemik septum (Şekil 1B) iki şeritler çıkarabileceğim.<ol>
<li>1/4 için 1/3 (zaman zaman 1/3 1/2) (Şekil 2B) ilk satırındaki hastanın boyuttaki kıkırdak özgün genişliğinin çıkarabileceğim.</li>
		<li>1/4 için 1/3 (zaman zaman 1/3 1/2) (Şekil 2C) ikinci satırda dikey boyut kıkırdak özgün yüksekliğini çıkarabileceğim.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>Kalınlaşma kemikli septal sapmalar kaldırmak ve sapma geri orta hat için taşımak için kısmi kırık deplasman gerçekleştirin. Not: Arka ve alt kemik septum geniş kaldırılması tüm kalınlığı ve deformiteleri bu bölgedeki temizlemektir.</li>
	<li>İntraoperatif kanama elektrokoagülasyon tarafından kontrol.</li>
	<li>Mukozal flep absorbe malzeme (Şekil 2B) ile iki kesintiye uğramış dikiş tarafından yaklaşık.<ol>
<li>Dikiş arka belgili tanımlık kesme için başlamak, onları septum ile ters tarafına geçmek ve sonra onları geri cilt kesi sitesi anterior çekin.</li>
		<li>Dikiş kendilerini sırasıyla düğüm. İki dikiş paralel, bir üst üste yerleştirin.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>3. yordam ve ameliyat sonrası değerlendirme
<ol><li>Nasopore ile burun boşluğuna paketi.</li>
	<li>Hasta bir hematom veya septum enfeksiyon olup olmadığını kontrol etmek için ameliyattan sonra 1 hafta gözden geçirin.</li>
	<li>Ön rhinoscopy ve 0 derecelik endoskopi ile burun boşluğuna incelemek ve hastanın ameliyattan sonra 6 ay VAS ile onların burun a_ılabilinirse değerlendirmek için isteyin.</li>
	<li>Kayıt ameliyat sonrası septum hematom, geçici diş ağrısı, hypesthesia, synechiae, epistaksis, septum apse, septum salıncak, septal perforasyon ve patolojisi cerrahi komplikasyonlar daraltın.</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Chung, B. J., Batra, P. S., Citardi, M. J., Lanza, D. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endoscopic+septoplasty:+revisitation+of+the+technique,+indications,+and+outcomes.">Endoscopic septoplasty: revisitation of the technique, indications, and outcomes.</a> The American Journal of Rhinology. 21 (3), 307-311 (2007).</li><li>Hwang, P. H., McLaughlin, R. B., Lanza, D. C., Kennedy, D. 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J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interlocked+stresses+in+human+nasal+septal+cartilage.">Interlocked stresses in human nasal septal cartilage.</a> British Journal of Plastic Surgery. 19 (3), 276-278 (1966).</li><li>Wang, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+modified+septoplasty+with+three+high+tension+lines+resection.">A modified septoplasty with three high tension lines resection.</a> Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 130 (5), 593-599 (2010).</li><li>Trimarchi, M., Bellini, C., Toma, S., Bussi, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Back-and-forth+endoscopic+septoplasty:+analysis+of+the+technique+and+outcomes.">Back-and-forth endoscopic septoplasty: analysis of the technique and outcomes.</a> International Forum of Allergy &amp; Rhinology. 2 (1), 40-44 (2012).</li><li>Kilicaslan, A., Acar, G. 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Yazarlar ifşa gerek yok.

2LoRs yordam sapma nazal septa Embriyoda ve anatomik bilgi üzerinde temel alır. Nazal septum üç farklı bileşenden oluşur: anterior membran, kıkırdak orta ve posterior ve inferior kemik. Nazal septum geliştirilmesi sırasında farklı bileşenleri farklı zaman serilerinde fiilini. Genellikle kemik onun uzantısı bitirdikten sonra kıkırdak hala iyileşene düzenlenmektedir. Bu nedenle, gerilmeler bitişik nazal septum deforme ilk kuvvetlerinde kaynaklanan kemik septum kıkırdağı sınırları üzerinde biri...

Endoskopik septoplasti nazal hava yolu obstrüksiyonu nazal septal sapma1tarafından neden tedavi etmek için kulak burun boğaz içinde sık gerçekleştirilen bir cerrahi işlemdir. Septoplasti amacı nazal hava yolu obstrüksiyonu göstergesi ile nazal hava yolu açıklık bir fonksiyonel iyileşme sağlamaktır ve minimal cerrahi Invasion2septal sapmayı düzeltmek için ilkedir.
Septoplasti, hala bugün kullanılan bir yordam başında geri özgür ve Killian submucous rezeksiyon (SMR)3denilen Nahcivan içinde Yayınlanan teknik izler. SMR yapısal burun4,5görünümünü desteklemek için bir L şeklinde strut bırakarak bir burun kıkırdak sapma subperichondrial uçakta, doğrudan onun kaldırma karakterizedir. Nedenle yavaş yavaş kabul elde SMR onun zaman, önceki teknikleri üzerinde avantajları gösterdi. 1990'larda, endoskopi septoplasti1olarak uygulandı. Aydınlatma ve görselleştirme cerrahi alanın son derece düzeldi ve rezeksiyon doğrudan ve tam olarak yerine olabilir6. Bundan sonra SMR belirtileri uzatılmıştır ve çeşitli septoplasti teknikleri geliştirilmiştir. Bu teknikler kesi, flep yükselmesi, eksizyon, dikiş veya ambalaj çeşitlendirilmiş iken, doğrudan kaldırma özünü değişmedi. Bu nedenle, bir kez kıkırdak önemli ölçüde rezeke, büyük septum perforasyonu ya da bir eyer burun şekil bozukluğu gibi komplikasyonlar7,8oluşacak.
Cottle ve 1948 yılında önerilen Loring, burnunda kıkırdak rezeksiyon muhafazakar9olmalıdır. Kıkırdak sapma doğrudan kaldırılması farklı, septoplasti için uygulanan kıkırdak biyomekanik kıkırdak sapma sınırlı bir cerrahi düzleştirmek için kıkırdak doğasında elastik özellik kullanımı gerektirir müdahale, kısmi kesiler (Örneğin, çizik veya ince dilimler) ve tam insizyon (Örneğin, tam kesim veya takozlar) gibi. 1958 yılında, Gibson ve Davis ilk kıkırdak bir iç kendini kilitli stres sistemi onun büyüme desen10sonucu olduğunu bildirdi. Kısmi kesiler içbükey tarafı dışbükey tarafında kesikler eğilme artıracak iken böylece kıkırdak, selam azalan stres, serbest. 1963, Kenedi, Gibson, ve Abrahams daha fazla kaburga kıkırdağı11güç dağıtım bir kesit, harita çalışmaları kendi kendine kilitli stres sistemi bir dizi gösterdi. Aynı yıl Stenstrom antihelix12kısmi kesiler etkisini doğrulanmadı. Birkaç yıl sonra Fry tutarlı13yaşından insan nazal septal kıkırdak sonuçlarına yayınlandı. Başka bir deyişle, kıkırdak biyomekanik kıkırdak içinde güçler serbest bırakarak kıkırdak morfolojisi değiştirmek için kullanılabilir. Bu teorik temeline dayanarak, biyomekanik özellikleri kıkırdak yararlanır bir cerrahi işlem Gelişmiş14yaşındaydım.
Önceki cerrahi girişimler nazal septum, işte, değiştirilmiş endoskopik septoplasti yordamı embryologic ve anatomik bilgi sınırlı iki satırlık rezeksiyon (2LoRs) tekniği ile arka ve alt kavşağında birleştirme kıkırdak ve kemik septum (Şekil 1) ayrıntılı olarak sunulmaktadır. Bu yordam dış burun deformiteleri yok, burun a_ılabilinirse iyileştirmek veya orta verin veya aksiler bölgede orta konka ameliyat öncesi bir işlem olarak erişimi geliştirmek için vardır burnunda burun septa düzeltmek için önerilir. Bu yordamı Ayrıca çocuklarda septal sapma minimal invaziv yaklaşımı nedeniyle düzeltmek için kullanılabilir.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Nasal Endoscopy (0&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;)</td><td>Karl Storz-Endoskope</td><td>7230 AA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tetracaine</td><td>Eye &amp;amp; ENT Hospital of Fudan University</td><td>180130</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Epinephrine Hydrochloride Injection</td><td>Shanghai Harvest Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd</td><td>10170405</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Number 15 blade</td><td>Shanghai Pudong Jinhuan Medical Products Co., Ltd</td><td>35T1205</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Suction Elevator</td><td>Zhejiang Tian Song Medical Products Co., Ltd</td><td>B2117.1</td><td>Width: 4 mm</td></tr><tr><td>Electrocoagulation</td><td>Shanghai Hutong Electronics. Co.,Ltd</td><td>GD350-B5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4-0 Brided Absorbable Suture</td><td>Covidien Healthcare</td><td>SL-691</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rongeur forcep</td><td>Zhejiang Tian Song Medical Products Co., Ltd</td><td>B2300.3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nasopore</td><td>Nasopore, Stryker, USA</td><td></td><td>Lengh: 8 cm</td></tr><tr><td>Gauze</td><td>Ningbo Shenyuan Medical Material Co., Ltd</td><td></td><td>6 cm x 60 cm</td></tr><tr><td>5mm Elevator</td><td>Zhejiang Tian Song Medical Products Co., Ltd</td><td>B2067</td><td>Width: 5 mm</td></tr><tr><td>2mm Elevator</td><td>Shanghai Medical Instruments (Group) Ltd., Corp. Surgical Instruments Factory</td><td>HBL020</td><td>Width: 2 mm</td></tr></tbody></table>

endoscopic septoplasty with limited two-line resection: minimally invasive surgery for septal deviation

Endoskopik septoplasti nazal septal sapma tarafından neden olduğu nazal hava yolu tıkanıklığı tedavisinde yaygın olarak gerçekleştirilen kulak burun boğaz bir cerrahi işlemdir. Birden fazla varyasyon içeren uzun bir geçmişi vardır. Bu makalede, burun kemiği, embryologic ve anatomik bilgiye dayalı kıkırdak ve kemik septum arka ve alt kavşağında sınırlı iki satırlık rezeksiyon (2LoRs) tekniği kullanılarak değiştirilmiş endoskopik septoplasti yordamı sunulur septum ve biyomekanik kıkırdak davranış. Bu yordamla, dörtgen kıkırdak hangi destek çerçevesi ve septum rigidness istinat yardımcı olur mümkün olduğu kadar korunabilir. 2LoRs etkili ve ses nazal septal sapma ender komplikasyonları ile düzeltilmesi için kanıtlanmıştır. Bu değiştirilmiş yordamı sapma nazal septum yokluğunda, herhangi bir dış burun şekil bozukluğu burun açıklık geliştirmeye veya orta verin veya orta konka aksiler bölge erişimi artırmak için düzeltmek için uygulanabilir. Septoplasti belirtileri çocuklar ve gençler için minimal invaziv yaklaşımı nedeniyle genişletmek için de kullanılabilir.

Yetişkin hastalarda (> 18 yaşından büyük) ile nazal septal sapma bu çalışmaya dahil. Nazal septal sapma hastalarda kronik rinosinüzittir, sinonasal tümörleri, dış burun deformiteleri eşlik etti ve septoplasti önceki cerrahi öyküsü olanlar dışlandı. Düz bir patolojisi ama kaudal kıkırdak çıkmış olan hastalarda da o kadar büyük kapalı irtica hangi burun vestibules birine fırlamıştı hariç de.
Otu...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Endoscopic Septoplasty with Limited Two-line Resection: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Septal Deviation at JoVE.com

Endoscopic Septoplasty with Limited Two-line Resection: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Septal Deviation

Endoskopik septoplasti birden çok varyasyon içeren geleneksel bir cerrahi işlemdir. Bu kağıt sınırlı iki satırlık rezeksiyon bilinen bir değiştirilmiş septoplasti yordamı gerçekleştirmek için adım adım bir cerrahi yaklaşım üzerinde duruluyor. Bu cerrahi teknik bir sapma nazal septum yokluğunda bir dış burun şekil bozukluğu, düzeltmek için uygulanabilir.

Sınırlı iki satırlık rezeksiyon ile endoskopik septoplasti: Septal sapma için minimal invaziv cerrahi

Endoscopic septoplasty is a surgical procedure in otolaryngology that is commonly performed to treat nasal airway obstruction caused by nasal septal ...

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16.6K Görüntüleme.  Fudan University. Endoskopik septoplasti birden çok varyasyon içeren geleneksel bir cerrahi işlemdir. Bu kağıt sınırlı iki satırlık rezeksiyon bilinen bir değiştirilmiş septoplasti yordamı gerçekleştirmek için adım adım bir cerrahi yaklaşım üzerinde duruluyor. Bu cerrahi teknik bir sapma nazal septum yokluğunda bir dış burun şekil bozukluğu, düzeltmek için uygulanabilir.

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Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Endoscopic endonasal trans-sphenoidal surgery has become the gold standard for the surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas and many other pituitary lesions. Refinements in surgical techniques, technological advancements, and incorporation of neuronavigation have rendered this surgery minimally invasive. The complication rates of this surgery are very low while excellent results are consistently obtained through this approach.
This paper focuses on the step-by-step surgical approach to pituitary adenomas, which is based on personal experience, and details the results obtained with this minimally invasive surgery.

The aim of this paper is to describe the different steps of the endoscopic endonasal approach to the sella turcica.

Endoskopik Endonasal Trans-sfenoidal yaklaşım: Hipofiz adenomları için minimal invaziv cerrahi

Endoscopic endonasal trans-sphenoidal surgery has become the gold standard for the surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas and many other pituitary ...

Nörobilim

Combined Endoscopic and Transoral Approach for Total Maxillectomy

The technique of maxillectomy has been revised since it was first described in the 1820s. During the past decade, the endoscopic approach has been widely practiced for resecting maxilla. Compared with the traditional approaches, the combined endoscopic and transoral approach has many advantages such as avoiding facial incisions and postoperative scars and better visualization of the surgical margin. However, this technique is complicated to master and possess several challenges. Here, we demonstrate this approach step-by-step to show how to perform a total maxillectomy. We also reported nine cases with malignant tumors originating from the maxilla, and for all of them total maxillectomy was performed with combined endoscopic and transoral approach. Our data showed that the combination of the endoscopic and transoral approach could be used to resect the total maxilla successfully, though the tumor extended to the infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossa should be treated very carefully to avoid its spread in the local area. Furthermore, besides denture, other reconstruction methods should be attempted to improve the postoperative quality of life after the total maxillectomy.

The technique of maxillectomy has been revised since it was first described in the 1820s. During the past decade, the endoscopic approach has been widely ...

Tıp

Low-Cost Single-Port (LoCoSP) Device for a Transcervical Approach in Minimally Invasive Transhiatal Esophagectomy

Esophagectomy remains the preferred option to achieve curative treatment in advanced esophageal cancer, but the choice of surgical approach remains controversial. A transthoracic approach may improve lymph node dissection, but it has considerable morbidity and respiratory complications. Transhiatal access has been demonstrated as an efficient means of minimizing post-operative complications. Minimally invasive transhiatal esophagectomy may reduce operative trauma and morbidity as well as enhance postoperative recovery with no compromise in cancer recurrence or survival. Nevertheless, it has a technical limitation in terms of cervical esophagus dissection. Thus, a low-cost single-port device was developed to complete upper mediastinal dissection by a transcervical approach during minimally invasive transhiatal esophagectomy. This device uses a nasogastric tube, a number-eight sterile glove, a sterile sponge, and 3 permanent 5-mm trocars. The step-by-step process of transhiatal esophagectomy and the development of this device are described. This technique allows for the dissection of the upper mediastinum, as well as the esophagus over the aortic arch and behind the superior portion of the trachea. The harvesting of lymph nodes along the left recurrent laryngeal nerve and paratracheals was improved.

Low-Cost Single-Port LoCoSP Device for a Transcervical Approach in Minimally Invasive Transhiatal Esophagectomy

Here, we describe a step-by-step description of transhiatal esophagectomy and the development of a low-cost single-port device for a transcervical approach in a minimally invasive transhiatal esophagectomy.

Minimal İnvaziv Transhiatal Özofagtomide Transerviziv Yaklaşım için Düşük Maliyetli Tek Bağlantı Noktalı (LoCoSP) Cihaz

Esophagectomy remains the preferred option to achieve curative treatment in advanced esophageal cancer, but the choice of surgical approach remains ...

The Microscopic Transcanal Approach in Stapes Surgery Revisited

The microscopic transcanal (aka transmeatal) surgical approach was first described in the 60s, offering a minimally invasive means of reaching the external auditory canal, the middle ear, and epitympanon. Such an approach avoids a retroauricular or endaural skin incision; however, working through a narrow space needs angled microsurgical instruments and specific training in otologic surgery. The transcanal approach restricts the working space; however, it offers a binocular microscopic vision into the middle ear without extended skin incisions and thus, reducing post-operative pain and bleeding. In addition, this minimally invasive approach avoids scar tissue complications, hypoesthesia of the auricle, and potential protrusion of the pinna. Despite its numerous advantages, this method is still not routinely performed by otologic surgeons. Since this minimally invasive technique is more challenging, there is a need for extensive training in order for it to be widely adopted by otologic surgeons. This article provides step-by-step surgical instructions for stapes surgery and reports possible indications, pitfalls, and limitations using this microscopic transcanal technique.

This article describes the microscopic transcanal technique for stapes surgery, providing step-by-step surgical instructions for familiarizing surgeons with this approach.

Stapes Cerrahisinde Mikroskobik Transkanal Yaklaşımı Yeniden Gözden Geçirildi

The microscopic transcanal (aka transmeatal) surgical approach was first described in the 60s, offering a minimally invasive means of reaching the ...

Endoscopic Cholesteatoma Surgery

Implementation of endoscopes in cholesteatoma surgery resulted in considerable changes in the management of cholesteatoma in the last two decades. Compared to the microscopic approach with an excellent but straight-line view and limited illumination, the introduction of endoscopes provides a wide-angled panoramic view. Moreover, angled lenses allow the surgeon to visualize the middle ear and its hidden recesses through a transcanal, minimally-invasive approach. The endoscope enables the surgeon to remove limited cholesteatoma of the middle ear and its recesses using an exclusive endoscopic technique by taking advantage of these benefits. This reduces the rate of residual disease and sparing external incisions and excessive temporal bone drilling as in a transmastoid approach. Since transcanal endoscopic access is mainly a one-handed technique, it implies the need for specific procedures and technical refinements. This article describes a step-by-step guide as a surgical manual for endoscopic removal of epitympanic cholesteatoma. Different techniques for cholesteatoma dissection and bone removal for epitympanectomy, including curettage and powered instruments such as drills and ultrasonic devices with their outcomes, are discussed. This may offer ear surgeons insight into technical refinements and the latest technological developments and open the horizon for different techniques.

The present protocol describes a step-by-step guide for the complete endoscopic removal of epitympanic cholesteatoma with different techniques for cholesteatoma dissection and bone removal for epitympanectomy.

Endoskopik Kolesteatom Cerrahisi

Implementation of endoscopes in cholesteatoma surgery resulted in considerable changes in the management of cholesteatoma in the last two decades. ...

Full-Endoscopic Decompression for Thoracic Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum Combined with Dural Ossification

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) can result in spinal stenosis. Thoracic spinal cord compression due to spinal stenosis is a common cause of progressive thoracic myelopathy in Asian countries. The incidence of complications is high in open decompression surgeries for thoracic OLF. With dural ossification (DO), the risk of complications is even higher in thoracic OLF. We introduce a full-endoscopic decompression surgery for thoracic OLF combined with DO under local anesthesia. Hemilaminectomy is performed using a high-speed burr under the endoscopy first, and then decompression of the contralateral spinal canal is completed using an "over the top" technique. DO resection uses the eggshell technique; after the base of the DO is cut from the lamina, forceps or lamina rongeurs are typically used for removal. The dural defect left after resection does not need repair. Neurological function was improved, and no complications such as hematoma or neck pain occurred. On imaging, no pseudodural cyst, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, or wound complications were observed after the operation. Endoscopic surgery causes less damage to the posterior ligament complex, so no cases of persistent back pain complaints or secondary internal fixation requirements were found in this study. Full-endoscopic decompression can achieve good imaging and clinical effects in the treatment of thoracic OLF with DO.

We describe a minimally invasive surgery using a full-endoscopy system for the single segmental thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum, combined with dural ossification, at Hebei General Hospital.

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) can result in spinal stenosis. Thoracic spinal cord compression due to spinal stenosis is a common cause of ...

Full-Endoscopic Interlaminar Approach for Decompression of Lateral Recess Stenosis

For lateral recess stenosis, extensive decompression with laminectomy is still performed in most centers. However, tissue-sparing surgeries are becoming more common. Full-endoscopic spinal surgeries have the advantages of being less invasive and offering a shorter recovery time. Here, we describe the technique of the full-endoscopic interlaminar approach for the decompression of lateral recess stenosis. The full-endoscopic interlaminar approach for the lateral recess stenosis procedure took approximately 51 min (range of 39-66 min). Blood loss could not be measured due to continuous irrigation. However, no drainage was required. There were no dura mater injuries reported in our institution. Furthermore, there were no injuries to the nerves, no cauda equine syndrome, and no hematoma formation. The patients were mobilized on the same day as surgery and discharged the next day. Therefore, the full-endoscopic technique for lateral recess stenosis decompression is a feasible procedure that lowers the operational time, complications, traumatization, and rehabilitation duration.

Technical advances and increased experience in full-endoscopic spinal surgeries enable these procedures to be performed with minimal incision, muscle retraction, and bone removal.

For lateral recess stenosis, extensive decompression with laminectomy is still performed in most centers. However, tissue-sparing surgeries are becoming ...

Clinical Application of Single-Surgeon, Three-Port, Laparoscopic Resection for Colorectal Cancer with Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction

Reduced-port laparoscopic surgery (RPLS) has been widely used for the radical resection of gastrointestinal tumors. Single-surgeon, three-port, laparoscopic radical resection for sigmoid colon or high rectal cancer with natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) has the advantage of a small incision, quick postoperative recovery, and short hospital stay. Yet, there are still only a few reports on NOSES. This paper describes the indications, preoperative preparations, surgical steps, and precautions for single-surgeon, three-port, laparoscopic radical resection of the sigmoid colon and high rectal cancer, and intraoperative specimen collection through the natural orifice. 
The protocol focuses on the steps of radical dissection and the main technical points of resection and reconstruction. At the same time, a procedure for fixing an anvil seat by self-traction of extracorporeal silk thread, used for purse-string suture fixation after the proximal anvil was placed in the abdominal cavity, was creatively improved. This operation could effectively avoid problems such as an insufficient proximal intestinal tube, shaking off the anvil seat, and weak purse-string suture during a single operation. The surgical care had less variability and was easy to perform, effectively avoiding postoperative anastomotic leakage and bleeding due to excessive intraoperative anastomotic tissue. This surgery could be widely promoted in primary hospitals.

Here, we present a protocol to successfully perform single-surgeon, three-port, laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer with natural orifice specimen extraction.

Doğal Orifis Örneği Ekstraksiyonu ile Kolorektal Kanser için Tek Cerrahlı, Üç Portlu, Laparoskopik Rezeksiyonun Klinik Uygulaması

Reduced-port laparoscopic surgery (RPLS) has been widely used for the radical resection of gastrointestinal tumors. Single-surgeon, three-port, ...

Endoscopic Balloon Dilatation of the Eustachian Tube via the Soft Palate Approach in Miniature Pigs

The eustachian tube (ET) is one of the most complex organs in the human body, and its dysfunction may lead to a variety of diseases. In recent years, an increasing number of scholars have opted to conduct ET-related studies using large experimental animals such as miniature pigs or sheep, yielding promising results. Typically, conventional endoscopic procedures are performed through the nasal approach for large experimental animals. However, due to the elongated and narrow nasal cavity in these animals, transnasal surgeries are challenging. 
To address this issue, we explored an ET surgery approach via the soft palate. The animal was placed in a supine position. After endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia, a mouth opener was used to fully expose the upper palate. Local infiltration with diluted adrenal fluid was performed for anesthesia of the area. A sickle knife was then used to make a longitudinal soft palate incision at the junction of the soft and hard palates. After hemostasis, an endoscope was inserted into the nasopharynx cavity, allowing the visualization of the pharyngeal opening of the ET on the posterior lateral wall of the nasal cavity. 
Subsequently, a specialized pusher was used to insert a balloon into ET. The balloon was inflated, maintained at 10 bar for 2 min, and then removed. The incision in the soft palate was then sutured to ensure proper alignment. The soft palate healed well after the operation. This surgical approach is suitable for ET-related procedures in large experimental animals (e.g., miniature pigs, sheep, and dogs). The surgical procedure is simple, with a short surgical time, and wound healing is rapid. Under endoscopy, the pharyngeal opening of the ET is visible, and it is thus a good choice for procedures such as balloon dilation of the ET.

In this study, we present a protocol to explore an eustachian tube surgery approach via the soft palate in miniature pigs. The surgical procedure is simple, with short surgical time, and wound healing is rapid; it is thus a good choice for procedures such as balloon dilation of the eustachian tube.

The eustachian tube (ET) is one of the most complex organs in the human body, and its dysfunction may lead to a variety of diseases. In recent years, an ...

Surgical Management of Persistent or New Symptoms After Hiatal Hernia Repair

Following a hiatal hernia repair, patients can present with recurrent or new symptoms. Symptoms can occur anywhere from weeks to years after surgery. These may include recurrent reflux, dysphagia, regurgitation, weight loss, or deteriorating quality of life. While nonoperative management can be pursued in some patients, reoperation may be the only option in select patients. A thorough preoperative workup, including a repeat esophagram, upper endoscopy, +/- chest computed tomography (CT) scan, manometry, pH probe, and/or gastric emptying study, is warranted to better understand the pathophysiology of the presenting symptoms. If a recurrent hernia, slipped, or migrated wrap is identified, surgery is considered. Pseudoachalasia must also be ruled out if obstructive symptoms are observed at the hiatus. Such an exhaustive workup is indeed necessary to ensure accurate diagnosis and optimal outcome. In addition, an understanding of the factors that may have led to the recurrence will increase the chances of a successful reoperation. Although a technically demanding procedure, redo hiatal hernia repair utilizing a minimally invasive approach is increasingly being employed with promising outcomes. Herein, the steps of a redo hiatal hernia repair via a minimally invasive approach will be outlined and detailed.

Redo foregut surgery is challenging in today's clinical practice and is fraught with increased morbidity and reportedly a lower 'success' rate than the index procedure. Here, we present a protocol for a redo hiatal hernia repair via a minimally invasive approach.

Following a hiatal hernia repair, patients can present with recurrent or new symptoms. Symptoms can occur anywhere from weeks to years after surgery. ...