Bu proje başlatılması ile yardım için özel Bo Johnels, Nasır Hüseyni, Roy Tranberg ve Patrik Almström teşekkürler. Bu protokol için sunulan araştırma veri Sahlgrenska üniversite hastanesinde toplanmıştır.

Tüm yöntem tanımlamak burada Gothenburg, İsveç (318-04, 225 08) bölgesel etik Değerlendirme Komitesi tarafından onaylanmış çalışmalar parçası olmuştur.
1. hareket yakalama sistemi kurma
<ol><li>4 fotoğraf makinesi yaklaşık 1.5-3 metre yükseklikte ölçüm alanı 1,5-2,5 m ölçüm alanı karşı karşıya duvara monte. Bir kamera tavan hemen üzerinde ölçüm alanı (şekil 1) bağlama. Kamera sistemini başlatın.</li>
	<li>L Şekil kalibrasyon çerçeve tablo tablo kenarını doğrultusunda kısa eksen ve ileriye dönük uzun ekseni ile yerleştirin. Not: Koordinat sistemi ileri (anteriorly sagittal düzlemde) Yönetmen X-axes, y ekseni yanal (frontal düzlemde) Yönetmen ve yukarı doğru Yönetmen: z-ekseni (Superior, enine uçak dik) ile tanımlanır.</li>
	<li>3 boyutlu izleme ve veri toplama yazılımı (parça Yöneticisi) açın, kalibrasyon yakalama seçerek başlayın | Kalibre, kalibrasyon süresini 30 s ve tıklayın Tamam.</li>
	<li>Sandalye ve masa tüm 5 kameralar gibi birçok yönleri, değnek mümkün16,17olarak yakalamak emin olmak için yukarıdaki değnek (75 × 75 × 65 cm) tüm ölçüm alanı boyunca her yöne hareket. Kalibrasyon sonra sonuçlar ekranda gösterir. Kalibrasyon kalanlar 0,5 mm aşağıda kabul.</li>
	<li>Top, oturup bir kolsuz giymiş olan bir tablo ve bilek dinlenme avucunun hizalanmış masanın kenarına chair´s geri, tarafsız adducted pozisyonda üst kol karşı onların geri ile bir yüksekliği ayarlanabilir sandalyede. Diz, kalça ve dirsek açıları yaklaşık 90 ° olduğundan emin olun.</li>
	<li>Retroreflective pasif işaretleri çift-yapışkan bant ile test edilmiş bir yandan iskelet yerlerinden18 yerleştirin (üçüncü metakarpofalangeal eklem), bilek (dirsek kemiği styloid işlemi), dirsek (lateral epicondyle), sağ ve sol omuz (orta bölüm in acromion), toraks (üst kısmı göğüs kemiği) ve alın (çentik kaşları arasında).</li>
	<li>İki işaretleri Kupası (üst ve alt kenar) yerleştirin.</li>
</ol>2. içme görevi yordamlar için hareket yakalama
<ol><li>Sert plastik bardak (7 cm çapında, yüksekliği 9,5 cm) ile 100 mL su tablo kenarından 30 cm vücudun orta çizgi içinde yer. Masada Kupası konumunu kasten doğal ve gerçek hayatta durum yakın görev performans tutmak için seçilir.</li>
	<li>Konu içme gerçekleştirmek için görev içinde a konforlu kendi kendine öğreten hız i) ulaşarak ve Kupası açgözlü, II) Kupası ağız doğru tablodan kaldırma, III) bir içki (bir yudum) alınmıştır, IV) yerleştirerek Kupası geri işaretli çizgi (30 cm sekmesinden arkasındaki masada sormak Le kenar) ve v) el ile başlangıç konumuna tablo kenarında dönen.</li>
	<li>Bu konuda yönergeleri anlar ve daha az etkilenen kol konforlu fincanla öne eğilerek olmadan ulaşabilirsiniz emin olun.</li>
	<li>Önceden her kayıt, başlangıç konumu (ilk pozisyon) doğru olduğundan emin olun konu hazır, yakalama el ile başlatın ve "artık başlayabilirsiniz." sözlü talimat vermek için sormak</li>
	<li>Konu görev tamamlandığında kaydı durdurmak el ile.</li>
	<li>Her deneme arasında kısa bir duraklama ile beş denemeler kaydetmek (yaklaşık 30 s), daha az etkilenen kol ile başlangıç.</li>
	<li>Veri toplama başarılı oldu mu kontrol (% 95-100 veri tanımlanan her işaretçi için). Not: İşaretçisi veri otomatik olarak transfer edilir gerçek zamanlı veri toplama yazılımı (parça Yöneticisi). Önceden tanımlanmış bir otomatik işaret kimlik (AIM) modeli veri işaretleyicilerini otomatik tanımlaması için kullanılır.</li>
	<li>Eksik veri algılandığında, İlave Denemeler sorunu tanımlayan ve en az 3 başarılı denemeler elde etmek için veri işaretleyicilerini tam görünürlük sağlamak için oturma veya marker konumları ayarlama sonra gerçekleştirin. Not: işaretleri düşmek veya onlar eksik verilerde sonuçlar açısı kameralardan tıkandı oluşabilecek olası sorunları vardır. Ancak, bu protokol için kullanılan kamera ve marker kurulum veri kaybı nedeniyle çok nadir durumlarda sadece boşluklar oluşturur. Toplamda, hareket yakalama oturumu tamamlamak için yaklaşık 10-15 dk sürer.</li>
</ol>3. veri analizi
<ol><li>Kaydedilen veri parça Yöneticisi'nden doğrudan Matlab dosya tıklayarak transfer | İhracat | Doğrudan Matlab içine.</li>
	<li>Matlab komut komut isteminde kullanın: (>> çalışma alanı) Matlab değişkenler kümesini görmek için. Not: talimatları ve analiz oluştururken kullanılacak veri içeren anahtar Matlab değişkenleri şunlardır: QTMmeasurements.Frames - yakalanan çerçeve sayısı QTMmeasurements.FrameRate - saniye başına (240) yakalanan çerçeve sayısı QTMmeasurements.Trajectories.Labeled.Count - etiket (10) QTMmeasurements.Trajectories.Labeled.Labels - Track Yöneticisi'nde tanımlanan etiketleri QTMmeasurements.Trajectories.Labeled.Data - 10 x 3 x kare sayısı kadar her kare ve her etiket için 3 koordinatları nereye kaydedilir, 3D bir dizi ölçüm verileri</li>
	<li>Matlab, filtre x, y, z değerleri (tereyağı) kullanarak ve (filtfilt) yönergeleri ile 6 Hz ikinci dereceden Butterworth, hem de ileri filtre ve yön veren bir sıfır fazlı bozulma ve ileri düzey filtre uygulama, ters. Not: örnek [b, bir] = tereyağı (2, 6/240/2); % Kesme frekans 6Hz ve ½ Örnekleme frekansı ile ilgili olarak xfiltered filtfilt = (b, a, QTMmeasurements.Trajectories.Labeled(1,1,:));</li>
	<li>MATLAB, x, y, z değerleri her çerçeve örnek ve her etiket için el ve ortak açıları teğet hız gibi kinematik değişkenleri hesaplamak için kullanılacak bir program oluşturun. Kinematik değişkenleri Tablo 2' de gösterilmiştir.</li>
	<li>MATLAB, örnekler dizisi 5 mantıksal aşamalar halinde kırmak için bir program oluşturmak: ulaşan, taşıma, içme, geri taşıma ve el ilk pozisyonu (Şekil 2) dönen iletmek. Başlangıç ve bitiş her aşaması tanımlarında ayrıntılı Tablo 1olarak gösterdi.</li>
	<li>MATLAB, (arsa) öğretim araziler pozisyonlar, hızları, eklem açı ve açı açı diyagramları oluşturmak için kullanın.</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Alt Murphy, M., H&#228;ger, C. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kinematic+analysis+of+the+upper+extremity+after+stroke+-+how+far+have+we+reached+and+what+have+we+grasped?.">Kinematic analysis of the upper extremity after stroke - how far have we reached and what have we grasped?.</a> Physical Therapy Reviews. 20 (3), 137-155 (2015).</li><li>Bustren, E. L., Sunnerhagen, K. S., Alt Murphy, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Movement+Kinematics+of+the+Ipsilesional+Upper+Extremity+in+Persons+With+Moderate+or+Mild+Stroke.">Movement Kinematics of the Ipsilesional Upper Extremity in Persons With Moderate or Mild Stroke.</a> Neurorehab Neural Re. 31 (4), 376-386 (2017).</li><li>Sivan, M., O'Connor, R. J., Makower, S., Levesley, M., Bhakta, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systematic+review+of+outcome+measures+used+in+the+evaluation+of+robot-assisted+upper+limb+exercise+in+stroke.">Systematic review of outcome measures used in the evaluation of robot-assisted upper limb exercise in stroke.</a> J Rehabil Med. 43 (3), 181-189 (2011).</li><li>Demers, M., Levin, M. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Do+Activity+Level+Outcome+Measures+Commonly+Used+in+Neurological+Practice+Assess+Upper-Limb+Movement+Quality?.">Do Activity Level Outcome Measures Commonly Used in Neurological Practice Assess Upper-Limb Movement Quality?.</a> Neurorehab Neural Re. 31 (7), 623-637 (2017).</li><li>Levin, M. F., Kleim, J. A., Wolf, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=What+do+motor+"recovery"+and+"compensation"+mean+in+patients+following+stroke?.">What do motor "recovery" and "compensation" mean in patients following stroke?.</a> Neurorehab Neural Re. 23 (4), 313-319 (2009).</li><li>Alt Murphy, M., Willen, C., Sunnerhagen, K. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Responsiveness+of+Upper+Extremity+Kinematic+Measures+and+Clinical+Improvement+During+the+First+Three+Months+After+Stroke.">Responsiveness of Upper Extremity Kinematic Measures and Clinical Improvement During the First Three Months After Stroke.</a> Neurorehab Neural Re. 27 (9), 844-853 (2013).</li><li>van Dokkum, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+contribution+of+kinematics+in+the+assessment+of+upper+limb+motor+recovery+early+after+stroke.">The contribution of kinematics in the assessment of upper limb motor recovery early after stroke.</a> Neurorehab Neural Re. 28 (1), 4-12 (2014).</li><li>Alt Murphy, M., Willen, C., Sunnerhagen, K. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kinematic+variables+quantifying+upper-extremity+performance+after+stroke+during+reaching+and+drinking+from+a+glass.">Kinematic variables quantifying upper-extremity performance after stroke during reaching and drinking from a glass.</a> Neurorehab Neural Re. 25 (1), 71-80 (2011).</li><li>Subramanian, S. K., Yamanaka, J., Chilingaryan, G., Levin, M. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Validity+of+movement+pattern+kinematics+as+measures+of+arm+motor+impairment+poststroke.">Validity of movement pattern kinematics as measures of arm motor impairment poststroke.</a> Stroke. 41 (10), 2303-2308 (2010).</li><li>Michaelsen, S. M., Dannenbaum, R., Levin, M. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Task-specific+training+with+trunk+restraint+on+arm+recovery+in+stroke:+randomized+control+trial.">Task-specific training with trunk restraint on arm recovery in stroke: randomized control trial.</a> Stroke. 37 (1), 186-192 (2006).</li><li>Kwakkel, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Standardized+measurement+of+sensorimotor+recovery+in+stroke+trials:+Consensus-based+core+recommendations+from+the+Stroke+Recovery+and+Rehabilitation+Roundtable.">Standardized measurement of sensorimotor recovery in stroke trials: Consensus-based core recommendations from the Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable.</a> Int J Stroke. 12 (5), 451-461 (2017).</li><li>Wagner, J. M., Lang, C. E., Sahrmann, S. A., Edwards, D. F., Dromerick, A. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sensorimotor+impairments+and+reaching+performance+in+subjects+with+poststroke+hemiparesis+during+the+first+few+months+of+recovery.">Sensorimotor impairments and reaching performance in subjects with poststroke hemiparesis during the first few months of recovery.</a> Phys Ther. 87 (6), 751-765 (2007).</li><li>van Kordelaar, J., van Wegen, E., Kwakkel, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+time+on+quality+of+motor+control+of+the+paretic+upper+limb+after+stroke.">Impact of time on quality of motor control of the paretic upper limb after stroke.</a> Arch Phys Med Rehab. 95 (2), 338-344 (2014).</li><li>Thielman, G., Kaminski, T., Gentile, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rehabilitation+of+reaching+after+stroke:+comparing+2+training+protocols+utilizing+trunk+restraint.">Rehabilitation of reaching after stroke: comparing 2 training protocols utilizing trunk restraint.</a> Neurorehab Neural Re. 22 (6), 697-705 (2008).</li><li>Armbruster, C., Spijkers, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Movement+planning+in+prehension:+do+intended+actions+influence+the+initial+reach+and+grasp+movement?.">Movement planning in prehension: do intended actions influence the initial reach and grasp movement?.</a> Motor Control. 10 (4), 311-329 (2006).</li><li>Qualisys. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Qualisys Track Manager user manual. , (2008).</li><li>Alt Murphy, M., Banina, M. C., Levin, M. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Perceptuo-motor+planning+during+functional+reaching+after+stroke.">Perceptuo-motor planning during functional reaching after stroke.</a> Exp Brain Res. , (2017).</li><li>Sint Jan, S. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Color atlas of skeletal landmark definitions : guidelines for reproducible manual and virtual palpations. , (2007).</li><li>Alt Murphy, M., Sunnerhagen, K. S., Johnels, B., Willen, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three-dimensional+kinematic+motion+analysis+of+a+daily+activity+drinking+from+a+glass:+a+pilot+study.">Three-dimensional kinematic motion analysis of a daily activity drinking from a glass: a pilot study.</a> J Neuroeng Rehabil. 3, 18 (2006).</li><li>Alt Murphy, M., Willen, C., Sunnerhagen, K. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Movement+kinematics+during+a+drinking+task+are+associated+with+the+activity+capacity+level+after+stroke.">Movement kinematics during a drinking task are associated with the activity capacity level after stroke.</a> Neurorehab Neural Re. 26 (9), 1106-1115 (2012).</li><li>Alt Murphy, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Development and validation of upper extremity kinematic movement analysis for people with stroke. Reaching and drinking from a glass. , (2013).</li><li>Persson, H. C., Alt Murphy, M., Danielsson, A., Lundgren-Nilsson, A., Sunnerhagen, K. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+cohort+study+investigating+a+simple,+early+assessment+to+predict+upper+extremity+function+after+stroke+-+a+part+of+the+SALGOT+study.">A cohort study investigating a simple, early assessment to predict upper extremity function after stroke - a part of the SALGOT study.</a> BMC Neurol. 15, 92 (2015).</li><li>Hoonhorst, M. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=How+Do+Fugl-Meyer+Arm+Motor+Scores+Relate+to+Dexterity+According+to+the+Action+Research+Arm+Test+at+6+Months+Poststroke?.">How Do Fugl-Meyer Arm Motor Scores Relate to Dexterity According to the Action Research Arm Test at 6 Months Poststroke?.</a> Arch Phys Med Rehab. 96 (10), 1845-1849 (2015).</li><li>Pang, M. Y., Harris, J. E., Eng, J. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+community-based+upper-extremity+group+exercise+program+improves+motor+function+and+performance+of+functional+activities+in+chronic+stroke:+a+randomized+controlled+trial.">A community-based upper-extremity group exercise program improves motor function and performance of functional activities in chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial.</a> Arch Phys Med Rehab. 87 (1), 1-9 (2006).</li><li>Alt Murphy, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SALGOT+-+Stroke+Arm+Longitudinal+study+at+the+University+of+Gothenburg,+prospective+cohort+study+protocol.">SALGOT - Stroke Arm Longitudinal study at the University of Gothenburg, prospective cohort study protocol.</a> BMC Neurol. 11, 56 (2011).</li></ol>

Yazarlar ifşa gerek yok.

Protokolü başarılı bir şekilde hareket performans ve kalite orta ve hafif üst ekstremite sensorimotor bozukluğu olan kişilerde kalp krizi her aşamasında ölçmek için kullanılabilir. Bu protokol fizibilite bir klinik kontur 3 gün sonrası gibi erken ortamda kanıtladı ve sistem belirli teknik nitelikleri olmadan eğitimli sağlık profesyonel tarafından kullanılabileceğini gösterdi. Ancak, teknik uzmanlık oluşturmak ve veri analizi için bir program geliştirmek için gereklidir. Bu açıdan, yürüy?...

Kinematik analiz aracılığıyla uzay ve zaman, doğrusal ve açısal talebiyle, hızları ve ivmeler gibi vücut hareketleri açıklar. Opto-elektronik hareket yakalama sistemleri gönder pasif işaretleri yansımaları yakalamak için kızıl ötesi ışık sinyalleri vücuda yerleştirilen yüksek hızlı kameralar birden kullanın veya kızılötesi içeren etkin işaretleri üzerinden hareket veri iletimi yayan diyotlar. Bu sistemlerin kinematik veri1edinimi için 'altın standart' olarak kabul edilir. Bu sistemler yüksek doğruluk ve çeşitli görevleri ölçümleri esneklik için değerli. Kinematik önlemler hareket performans daha küçük değişiklikler yakalama etkili olduğu göstermiştir ve2,3ile geleneksel klinik tespit edilmemiş kalite ölçekler. O kinematik gerçek kurtarma (Restorasyon sakatlıkların hareket özellikleri) ve telafi edici (alternatif) hareket desenler kullanımı arasında ayrım için bir görev4başarı sırasında kullanılması gereken sürülmüştür, 5.
Üst ekstremite hareketlerini sayısal son nokta kinematik, genellikle bir el işaretleyiciden elde edilen ve eklem ve segmentleri açısal kinematik kullanarak (i.e., gövde). Son nokta kinematik açısal kinematik karakterize ederken hareket desenler zamansal ve mekansal ortak ve segment açıları açısından yörüngeleri, hız, zamansal hareketi stratejileri, hassasiyet, doğruluk ve pürüzsüzlük, hakkında bilgi sağlar, açısal hız ve interjoint koordinasyon. Son nokta kinematik, hareket zamanı, hız ve pürüzsüzlük açıkları ve hareket performans kontur6,7,8 ve açısal kinematik gösteri sonra gelişmeler olup yakalamak etkilidir, gibi eklem ve vücut parçaları hareketleri belirli bir görev için en iyi durumda. Kinematik bozukluğu olan kişiler üzerinden genellikle bireylerin bozuklukları8,9olmadan hareket performansı ile karşılaştırılır. Son nokta ve açısal kinematik bir şekilde bir hareket etkili hızıyla, pürüzsüzlük, gerçekleştirilen ve hassas iyi hareket kontrolü, koordinasyon ve etkili ve en uygun hareket modelleri kullanılmasını gerektirecektir correlated. Örneğin, yavaş yavaş genellikle de azalma gösterir pürüzsüzlük (hareket birim artan sayısı), hareket eden bir hasta inme ile maksimum hızı düşürebilir ve gövde Motor hacmi8arttı. Öte yandan, bitiş noktası kinematik, hareket hızı ve pürüzsüzlük gibi gelişmeler gövde telafi hareketi stratejileri değişikliklerden bağımsız olarak oluşur ve10donat. Kinematik analiz bir yaralanma veya hastalık, sırayla bireyselleştirilmiş etkili tedavi için en iyi motor kurtarma ulaşmak gerekli olan sonra görevi nasıl yapılır hakkında ek ve daha kesin bilgi sağlayabilir kurulmuştur 11. kinematik analiz giderek klinik çalışmalarda hareketleri üst ekstremite bozukluğu olan kişilerde inme8,9' dan sonra motor kurtarma7, değerlendirmek için tanımlamak için kullanılır 12,13 veya tedavi müdahaleler10,14etkinliğini belirlemek için.
Sık sık darbede okudu hareketi görevleri işaret ve ulaşan, gerçek günlük nesneler manipülasyon dahil fonksiyonel görevler kullanımı1artmasına rağmen. Kinematik ulaşma bağımlı yana seçtiğiniz bir grup nesneyi ve görev15amacı gibi deneysel sınırlamalar, hangi amaca hizmet edecek ve fonksiyonel görevleri sırasında hareketleri değerlendirmek önemlidir bireyin gerçek zorluklar günlük hayatta daha yakından yansıtılır.
Böylece, bu kağıt amacı, üst ekstremite bozukluğu olan bireyler için akut ve kronik dönemlerinde uygulanan görev, içme amaçlı ve işlevsel bir görev kinematik analiz için kullanılan basit bir standart protokol ayrıntılarıyla etmektir kalp krizi. Bu iletişim kuralı doğrulama orta ve hafif felç bozukluğu olan bireyler için sonuçları özetlenir.

<table><tbody><tr><td>5 camera optoelectronic ProReflex Motion capture system (MCU 240 Hz)</td><td>Qualisys AB, Gthenburg, Sweden</td><td>N/A</td><td>Movement analysis system with passive retroreflective markers</td></tr><tr><td>Markers</td><td>Qualisys AB, Gthenburg, Sweden</td><td>N/A</td><td>Retroleflective passive circular markers, diameter of 12 mm</td></tr><tr><td>Calibration frame and wand</td><td>Qualisys AB, Gthenburg, Sweden</td><td>N/A</td><td>L-shape calibration frame (defines the origin and orientation of the coordinate system); T-shape wand (300 mm)</td></tr><tr><td>Qualisys Track Manager</td><td>Qualisys AB, Gthenburg, Sweden</td><td>N/A</td><td>3D Tracking software</td></tr><tr><td>Matlab</td><td>Mathworks, Inc, Natick, Ca</td><td>N/A</td><td>Data analysis software</td></tr></tbody></table>

kinematic analysis using 3d motion capture of drinking task in people with and without upper-extremity impairments

Kinematik analiz bir üç boyutlu (3D) alanda üst ekstremite hareketlerinin objektif değerlendirmesi için güçlü bir yöntemdir. Bir opto-elektronik kamera sistemi ile üç boyutlu hareket yakalama kinematik hareket analizi için altın standart olarak kabul edilir ve giderek sonuç ölçü hareket performans ve kalite bir yaralanma veya hastalık sonra değerlendirmek için kullanılır üst ekstremite hareketleri içeren. Bu makalede, üst ekstremite bozukluğu olan kişilerde inme sonrası uygulanan görev içme kinematik analiz için standart bir protokol. İçme görev ulaşan, açgözlü ve bir fincan Kupası geri yerleştirerek ve el geri masanın kenarına doğru hareket bir içki almak için bir tablo kaldırma içerir. Oturma konumu bireyin vücut büyüklüğüne standartlaştırılmıştır ve görev içinde a konforlu kendi kendine öğreten hız gerçekleştirilir ve telafi edici hareketler değil sınırlıdır. Niyeti doğal ve ekolojik geçerlilik Protokolü'nün geliştirmek için bir gerçek durum yakın görev tutmaktır. 5-kamera hareket yakalama sistemi 3D koordinat pozisyonlar kol, gövde ve yüz anatomik yerlerinden yerleştirilmiş 9 retroreflective işaretleri toplamak için kullanılır. Bir basit tek işaret yerleşim klinik ayarları protokolünde fizibilite sağlamak için kullanılır. Özel yapım Matlab yazılım otomatik ve hızlı hareket veri analizlerini sağlar. Hareket zaman, hız, en yüksek hız, en yüksek hız ve pürüzsüzlük (hareket birim sayısı) ile birlikte kayma açısal kinematik omuz ve dirsek eklem hem de gövde hareketleri zaman zamansal kinematik hesaplanır. Orta ve hafif üst ekstremite bozukluğu olan bireyler için geçerli bir değerlendirme içme görevdir. Yapı, discriminative ve eşzamanlı geçerlilik yanıt (duyarlılık değiştirmek için) ile birlikte içki görevden alınan kinematik değişkenlerin kurduk.

Bu makalede açıklanan protokol kontur ve sağlıklı kontrol2,6,8,19,20,21olan bireyler için uygulanmıştır. Toplamda, 111 kişi kontur ve 55 sağlıklı kontrol ile kinematik verilerden farklı çalışmalarda analiz edilmiştir. Orta (FMA-UE Puan edinildi 32-57) olarak tanımlanan veya ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Kinematic Analysis Using 3D Motion Capture of Drinking Task in People With and Without Upper-extremity Impairments at JoVE.com

Kinematic Analysis Using 3D Motion Capture of Drinking Task in People With and Without Upper-extremity Impairments

Bu iletişim kuralı vuruşlu ve sağlıklı kontrol bireylere uygulanan üst ekstremite sensorimotor işlevini ve hareket performans değerlendirmek için objektif bir yöntem açıklanır. Standart test yordamı görev içme üç boyutlu hareket yakalama için kinematik analiz ve sonuç değişkenleri sağlanır.

Kinematik analiz 3D hareket yakalama kişilerde içme görev ile ve üst ekstremite bozuklukları olmadan

Kinematic analysis is a powerful method for objective assessment of upper extremity movements in a three-dimensional (3D) space. Three-dimensional motion ...

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3-Dimensional Kinetics of a Rigid Body

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10.5K Görüntüleme.  University of Gothenburg. Bu iletişim kuralı vuruşlu ve sağlıklı kontrol bireylere uygulanan üst ekstremite sensorimotor işlevini ve hareket performans değerlendirmek için objektif bir yöntem açıklanır. Standart test yordamı görev içme üç boyutlu hareket yakalama için kinematik analiz ve sonuç değişkenleri sağlanır.

Video: Kinematic Analysis Using 3D Motion Capture of Drinking Task in People With and Without Upper-extremity Impairments

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation

This study used the transcranial magnetic stimulation/motor evoked potential (TMS/MEP) technique to pinpoint when the automatic tendency to mirror someone else's action becomes anticipatory simulation of a complementary act. TMS was delivered to the left primary motor cortex corresponding to the hand to induce the highest level of MEP activity from the abductor digiti minimi (ADM; the muscle serving little finger abduction) as well as the first dorsal interosseus (FDI; the muscle serving index finger flexion/extension) muscles. A neuronavigation system was used to maintain the position of the TMS coil, and electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from the right ADM and FDI muscles. Producing original data with regard to motor resonance, the combined TMS/MEP technique has taken research on the perception-action coupling mechanism a step further. Specifically, it has answered the questions of how and when observing another person's actions produces motor facilitation in an onlooker's corresponding muscles and in what way corticospinal excitability is modulated in social contexts.

Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex, neuronavigation, and registration of electromyographic activity of hand muscles were used in this study to explore corticospinal excitability while participants were observing action sequences.

Eylem Gözlemi Sırasında Kortikospinal Uyarilebilirlik Modülasyonu

This study used the transcranial magnetic stimulation/motor evoked potential (TMS/MEP) technique to pinpoint when the automatic tendency to mirror someone ...

Davranış

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans

Prehension, the act of reaching to grasp an object, is central to the human experience. We use it to feed ourselves, groom ourselves, and manipulate objects and tools in our environment. Such behaviors are impaired by many sensorimotor disorders, yet our current understanding of their neural control is far from complete. Current technologies for investigating human reach-to-grasp movements often utilize motion tracking systems that can be expensive, require the attachment of markers or sensors to the hands, impede natural movement and sensory feedback, and provide kinematic output that can be difficult to interpret. While generally effective for studying the stereotypical reach-to-grasp movements of healthy sighted adults, many of these technologies face additional limitations when attempting to study the unpredictable and idiosyncratic reach-to-grasp movements of young infants, unsighted adults, and patients with neurological disorders. Thus, we present a novel, inexpensive, and highly reliable yet flexible protocol for quantifying the temporal and kinematic structure of idiosyncratic reach-to-grasp movements in humans. High speed video cameras capture multiple views of the reach-to-grasp movement. Frame-by-frame video analysis is then used to document the timing and magnitude of pre-defined behavioral events such as movement start, collection, maximum height, peak aperture, first contact, and final grasp. The temporal structure of the movement is reconstructed by documenting the relative frame number of each event while the kinematic structure of the hand is quantified using the ruler or measure function in photo editing software to calibrate 2 dimensional linear distances between two body parts or between a body part and the target. Frame-by-frame video analysis can provide a quantitative and comprehensive description of idiosyncratic reach-to-grasp movements and will enable researchers to expand their area of investigation to include a greater range of naturalistic prehensile behaviors, guided by a wider variety of sensory modalities, in both healthy and clinical populations.

This protocol describes how to use frame-by-frame video analysis to quantify idiosyncratic reach-to-grasp movements in humans. A comparative analysis of reaching in sighted versus unsighted healthy adults is used to demonstrate the technique, but the method can also be applied to the study of developmental and clinical populations.

Kare kare Video analiz insanlarda kendine has ulaşmak kavramak hareketlerinin

Prehension, the act of reaching to grasp an object, is central to the human experience. We use it to feed ourselves, groom ourselves, and manipulate ...

An Objective and Child-friendly Assessment of Arm Function by Using a 3-D Sensor

Progressive and irreversible muscle atrophy characterizes Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) and other similar muscle disorder diseases. Objective assessment of muscle functions is an essential and important, although challenging, prerequisite for successful clinical trials. Current clinical rating scales restrain the movement abnormalities to certain predefined coarse-grained individual items. The Kinect 3-D sensor has emerged as a low-cost and portable motion sensing technology used to capture and track people&#39;s movement in many medical and research fields. A novel approach using this 3-D sensor was developed and a game-like test was designed to objectively measure the upper limb function of patients with SMA. The prototype test targeted joint movement capability. While sitting in a virtual scene, the patient was instructed to extend, flex, and lift the whole arm in order to reach and place some objects. Both kinematic and spatiotemporal characteristics of upper limb movement were extracted and analyzed, e.g., elbow extension and flexion angles, hand velocity, and acceleration. The first study included a small cohort of 18 ambulant SMA patients and 19 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. A comprehensive analysis of arm movement was achieved; however, no significant difference between the groups were found due to the mismatch of patient&#39;s capability and the test difficulty. Based on this experience, a second version of the test consisting of a modified version of the first game with increased difficulties and a second game targeting muscle endurance were designed and implemented. The new test has not been conducted in any patient groups yet. Our work has demonstrated the potential capability of the 3-D sensor in assessing such muscle function and suggested an objective approach to complement the clinical rating scales.

An objective measure of muscle functions is challenging especially in children. Based on a commercially available digital 3-D sensor, a child-friendly gaming test was developed to assess upper limb function for clinical trials.

3-b bir sensör kullanarak kol işlevi objektif ve çocuklara değerlendirilmesi

Progressive and irreversible muscle atrophy characterizes Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) and other similar muscle disorder diseases. Objective assessment ...

Measuring the Kinematics of Daily Living Movements with Motion Capture Systems in Virtual Reality

The inability to complete instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) is a precursor to various neuropsychological diseases. Questionnaire-based assessments of IADL are easy to use but prone to subjective bias. Here, we describe a novel virtual reality (VR) test to assess two complex IADL tasks: handling financial transactions and using public transportation. While a participant performs the tasks in a VR setting, a motion capture system traces the position and orientation of the dominant hand and head in a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. Kinematic raw data are collected and converted into &#39;kinematic performance measures,&#39; i.e., motion trajectory, moving distance, and time to completion. Motion trajectory is the path of a particular body part (e.g., dominant hand or head) in space. Moving distance refers to the total distance of the trajectory, and time to completion is how long it took to complete an IADL task. These kinematic measures could discriminate patients with cognitive impairment from healthy controls. The development of this kinematic measuring protocol allows detection of early IADL-related cognitive impairments.

We designed a virtual reality test to assess instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) with a motion capture system. We propose a detailed kinematic analysis to interpret the participant&#39;s various movements, including trajectory, moving distance, and time to completion to evaluate IADL capabilities.

Sanal gerçeklik içinde günlük yaşam hareketleri hareket yakalama sistemleri ile kinematik ölçme

The inability to complete instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) is a precursor to various neuropsychological diseases. Questionnaire-based ...

3D Kinematic Gait Analysis for Preclinical Studies in Rodents

The utility of three-dimensional (3D) kinematic motion analysis systems is limited in rodents. Part of the reason for this inadequacy is the use of complex algorithms and mathematical modeling that accompany 3D data collection and analysis procedures. This work provides a simple, user-friendly, step-by-step detailed methodology for 3D kinematic gait analysis during treadmill locomotion in healthy and neurotraumatic rats using a six-camera motion capture system. Also provided are details on 1) calibration of the system in an experimental set-up customized for quadrupedal locomotion, 2) data collection for treadmill locomotion in adult rats using markers positioned on all four limbs, 3) options available for video tracking and processing, and 4) basic 3D kinematic data generation and visualization and quantification of data using the built-in data collection software. Finally, it is suggested that the utility of this motion capture system be expanded to studying a variety of motor behaviors before and after neurotrauma.

Presented here is a protocol to collect and analyze three-dimensional kinematics of quadrupedal locomotion in rodents for preclinical studies.

Kemirgenler preklinik çalışmalar için 3D Kinematic yürüyüş analizi

The utility of three-dimensional (3D) kinematic motion analysis systems is limited in rodents. Part of the reason for this inadequacy is the use of ...

Capturing Representative Hand Use at Home Using Egocentric Video in Individuals with Upper Limb Impairment

Impaired hand function after neurological injuries can have a major impact on independence and quality of life. Most existing upper limb assessments are carried out in person, which is not always indicative of hand use in the community. Novel approaches to capture hand function in daily life are required to measure the true impact of rehabilitation interventions. Egocentric video combined with computer vision for automated analysis has been proposed to evaluate hand use at home. However, there are limitations to the duration of continuous recordings. We present a protocol designed to ensure that the videos obtained are representative of daily routines while respecting participant privacy. 
A representative recording schedule is selected through a collaborative process between the researchers and participants, to ensure that the videos capture natural tasks and performance, while being useful for hand assessment. Use of the equipment and procedures is demonstrated to the participants. A total of 3 h of video recordings are scheduled over two weeks. To reduce privacy concerns, participants have full control to start and stop recordings, and the opportunity to edit the videos before returning them to the research team. Reminders are provided, as well as help calls and home visits if necessary. 
The protocol was tested with 9 stroke survivors and 14 individuals with cervical spinal cord injury. The videos obtained contained a variety of activities, such as meal preparation, dishwashing, and knitting. An average of 3.11 &plusmn; 0.98 h of video were obtained. The recording periods varied from 12-69 d, due to illness or unexpected events in some cases. Data was successfully obtained from twenty-two out of 23 participants, with 6 participants requiring assistance from the investigators during the home recording period. The protocol was effective for collecting videos that contained valuable information about hand function at home after neurological injuries.

A protocol is proposed to capture natural hand function of individuals with hand impairments during their daily routines using an egocentric camera. The goal of the protocol is to ensure that the recordings are representative of an individual&#39;s typical hand use during activities of daily living at home.

Üst Eks uzuv bozukluğu olan Bireylerde Benmerkezci Video Kullanarak Evde Temsili El Kullanımını Yakalamak

Impaired hand function after neurological injuries can have a major impact on independence and quality of life. Most existing upper limb assessments are ...

Biyomühendislik

3D Kinematic Analysis for the Functional Evaluation in the Rat Model of Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury

Compared to the Sciatic Functional Index (SFI), kinematic analysis is a more reliable and sensitive method for performing functional evaluations of sciatic nerve injury rodent models. In this protocol, we describe a novel kinematic analysis method that uses a three-dimensional (3D) motion capture apparatus for functional evaluations using a rat sciatic nerve crush injury model. First, the rat is familiarized with treadmill walking. Markers are then attached to the designated bone landmarks and the rat is made to walk on the treadmill at the desired speed. Meanwhile, the posterior limb movements of the rat are recorded using four cameras. Depending on the software used, marker tracings are created using both automatic and manual modes and the desired data are produced after subtle adjustments. This method of kinematic analysis, which uses a 3D motion capture apparatus, offers numerous advantages, including superior precision and accuracy. Many more parameters can be investigated during the comprehensive functional evaluations. This method has several shortcomings that require consideration: The system is expensive, can be complicated to operate, and may produce data deviations due to skin shifting. Nevertheless, kinematic analysis using a 3D motion capture apparatus is useful for performing functional anterior and posterior limb evaluations. In the future, this method may become increasingly useful for generating accurate assessments of various traumas and diseases.

We introduce a kinematic analysis method that uses a three-dimensional motion capture apparatus containing four cameras and data processing software for performing functional evaluations during fundamental research involving rodent models.

Siyatik Sinir Ezilme Hasarının Sıçan Modelinde Fonksiyonel Değerlendirme için 3D Kinematik Analiz

Compared to the Sciatic Functional Index (SFI), kinematic analysis is a more reliable and sensitive method for performing functional evaluations of ...

Nörobilim

The Impact of Motor Task Conditions on Goal-Directed Arm Reaching Kinematics and Trunk Compensation in Chronic Stroke Survivors

Trunk compensation is the most common movement strategy to substitute for upper extremity (UE) motor deficits in chronic stroke survivors. There is a lack of evidence examining how task conditions impact trunk compensation and goal-directed arm reaching kinematics. This protocol aims to investigate the impact of task conditions, including task difficulty and complexity, on goal-directed arm reaching kinematics. Two non-disabled young adults and two chronic stroke survivors with mild UE motor impairment were recruited for testing the protocol. Each participant performed goal-directed arm reaches with four different task conditions (2 task difficulties [large vs. small targets] X 2 task complexities [pointing vs. picking up]). The task goal was to reach and point at a target or pick up an object located 20 cm in front of the home position as quickly as possible with a stylus or a pair of chopsticks, respectively, in response to an auditory cue. Participants performed ten reaches per task condition. A 3-dimensional motion capture camera system was used to record trunk and arm kinematics. Representative results showed that there was a significant increase in movement duration, movement jerkiness, and trunk compensation as a function of task complexity, but not task difficulty in all participants. Chronic stroke survivors showed significantly slower, jerkier, and more feedback-dependent arm reaches and significantly more compensatory trunk movements than non-disabled adults. Our representative results support that this protocol can be used to investigate the impact of task conditions on motor control strategies in chronic stroke survivors with mild UE motor impairment.

This protocol is intended to investigate the impact of task conditions on movement strategies in chronic stroke survivors. Further, this protocol can be used to examine if a restriction in elbow extension induced by neuromuscular electrical stimulation causes trunk compensation during goal-directed arm reaches in non-disabled adults.

Kronik İnme Kurtulanlarında Kinematik ve Gövde Telafisi'ne Ulaşan Hedefe Yönlendirilmiş Kol Üzerindeki Motor Görev Koşullarının Etkisi

Trunk compensation is the most common movement strategy to substitute for upper extremity (UE) motor deficits in chronic stroke survivors. There is a lack ...

Motor Dual-Tasks for Gait Analysis and Evaluation in Post-Stroke Patients

Eighteen stroke patients were recruited for this study involving the evaluation of cognition and walking ability and multitask gait analysis. Multitask gait analysis consisted of a single walking task (Task 0), a simple motor dual-task (water-holding, Task 1), and a complex motor dual-task (crossing obstacles, Task 2). The task of crossing obstacles was considered to be equivalent to the combination of a simple walking task and a complex motor task as it involved more nervous system, skeletal movement, and cognitive resources. To eliminate heterogeneity in the results of the gait analysis of the stroke patients, the dual-task gait cost values were calculated for various kinematic parameters. The major differences were observed in the proximal joint angles, especially in the angles of the trunk, pelvis, and hip joints, which were significantly larger in the dual motor tasks than in the single walking task. This research protocol aims to provide a basis for the clinical diagnosis of gait function and an in-depth study of motor control in stroke patients with motor control deficits through the analyses of dual-motor walking tasks.

This paper presents a protocol specifically for dual motor task gait analysis in stroke patients with motor control deficits.

İnme sonrası hastalarda yürüme analizi ve değerlendirmesi için motor ikili görevler

Eighteen stroke patients were recruited for this study involving the evaluation of cognition and walking ability and multitask gait analysis. Multitask ...

Comprehensive Understanding of Inactivity-Induced Gait Alteration in Rodents

It is well known that disuse affects neural systems and that joint motions become altered; however, which outcomes properly exhibit these characteristics is still unclear. The present study describes a motion analysis approach that utilizes three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from video captures. Using this technology, disuse-evoked alterations of walking performances were observed in rodents exposed to a simulated microgravity environment by unloading their hindlimb by their tail. After 2 weeks of unloading, the rats walked on a treadmill, and their gait motions were captured with four charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras. 3D motion profiles were reconstructed and compared to those of control subjects using the image processing software. The reconstructed outcome measures successfully portrayed distinct aspects of distorted gait motion: hyperextension of the knee and ankle joints and higher position of the hip joints during the stance phase. Motion analysis is useful for several reasons. First, it enables quantitative behavioral evaluations instead of subjective observations (e.g., pass/fail in certain tasks). Second, multiple parameters can be extracted to fit specific needs once the fundamental datasets are obtained. Despite hurdles for broader application, the disadvantages of this method, including labor intensity and cost, may be alleviated by determining comprehensive measurements and experimental procedures.

The present protocol describes three-dimensional motion tracking/evaluation to depict gait motion alteration of rats after exposure to a simulated disuse environment.

Kemirgenlerde Hareketsizliğe Bağlı Yürüyüş Değişikliğinin Kapsamlı Anlaşılması

It is well known that disuse affects neural systems and that joint motions become altered; however, which outcomes properly exhibit these characteristics ...