TB Kistik Fibrozis Kanada araştırma bursu kabul eder.

Araştırma Etik Kurulu (REB) toplamak ve insan denekler gelen balgam örnekleri saklamak için gerekli olduğunu unutmayın. Bu çalışmalar Sick Children REB # 1000019444 için Hastanesi tarafından kabul edildi. 1. Hazırlama CF Balgam Örnekleri <ol><li> kistik fibroz kliniğine rutin ziyaretler sırasında hastaların balgam örneği toplayın ve buz üzerinde tutmak. </li><li> işleme geçmesi, araştırma laboratuarına, koleksiyonun ilk saat içinde buz üzerinde balgam örneği taşıyın. </li></ol> 2. Balgam İşleme <ol><li> Elde edilen balgam örneğinin hacmini kaydedin. Örnek (örneğin, 2 parça PBS, 1 kısım örnek) hacminin 2x fosfat tamponlu tuzlu su (PBS) ekleyin. </li><li> Bir transfer pipet yardımıyla iyice örnek karıştırın. Vortex 1 dk tamamen karıştırmak için en yüksek ayarda örnek. </li><li> Kısım uygun sayı, 1.5 ml mikrosantrifüj tüpler içine yukarıdaki karışımın 1 ml ve 5.000 xg aşağı doğru döndürün4 ° C&#39;de 20 dakika. </li><li> santrifüj sonrasında, süpernatant kaldırmak ve pelet atın. </li><li> Filtre 0.22 um&#39;lik bir filtreden süpernatantı steril ve temiz bir mikrosantrfuj tübüne birikir. NOT: süzüntü sterilite LB agar kaplama ve sıvı ortamları aşılayarak test edilir. </li><li> ileride kullanmak üzere, -80 ° C&#39;de, balgam süpernatant saklayın. NOT: Balgam birden hastalar da filtrasyon aşağıdaki havuza edilebilir dan. </li><li> Balgam Süzüntü, 1/10 hac / hac istenen medyada (balgam 100 ul, ortam 900 ul) seyreltilmiş, kullanılmadan önce. NOT: Burada, standart lizojeni suyu (LB) ortamı kullanılmıştır. </li></ol> Biyofilm Oluşumunun 3. odacıklı coverglass Yöntemi <ol><li> (200 rpm) çalkalanarak 37 ° C&#39;de arzu edilen ortam ilgi gece boyunca bakteriyel izolatı büyütün. Not: Farklı bakteri çok sayıda kullanılmış, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus klinik izolatlarının dahil,Burkholderia cepacia karmaşık ve Achromobacter xylosoxidans. ortam seçimi Ancak LB ortamı ilk uygulamalar için kullanılabilir suşları ve ilgi koşullara bağlıdır. </li><li> Gecelik kültürden taze ortam 4 ml kültür, 40 ul koyun ve yaklaşık olarak 0.5, 600 nm (OD 600) de optik yoğunluğu ile bir kültür elde etmek için (200 rpm) çalkalanarak 37 ° C&#39;de 3-4 saat boyunca büyümeye -0.6. </li><li> % 10 balgam süzüntü ya da (kontrol olarak) balgam filtrattan olmadan istenilen medyada 1/5 adım 3.2 kültürünü sulandırmak. Balgam filtre bulunan konsantrasyonu test edilebilir (örneğin,% 50 ya da% 100). </li><li> slayt odaları kuyu tohum seyreltme 200 ul kullanın. </li><li> Bakteriler çalkalamadan 37 ° C&#39;de 4 saat eklemesini sağlar. </li><li> 4 saat sonra, medyayı çıkarın ve yavaşça 1x taze medya ile biyofilm yıkayın. 200 ul taze medya ile değiştirin. NOT: biyofilm üzerindeki fres balgam etkilerini araştırmakh medya balgam süpernatant içermelidir. </li><li> biyofilm mikroskopi için saatine kadar yıkama olmadan Ortam her 12 saat yerine, sallayarak olmadan 37 ° C&#39;de zaman istenilen miktarda büyümeye olanak sağlar. NOT: biyofilm antibiyotik duyarlılık balgam Süpernatantları etkisini incelemek için, antibiyotikler biyofilm büyüme 24 saat aşağıdaki ortama ilave edilir ve boyama ve biyofilm görüntüleme kadar medyada muhafaza edilir. </li></ol> 4. Boyama Biyofilmler ve Konfokal Mikroskop <ol><li> İstenilen büyüme süresi (24-48 saat en iyi şekilde çalışır) ardından, oda kuyulardan ortamını çıkarın ve yavaşça steril PBS 300 ul ile iki kez her odasına yıkayın. </li><li> gerekli çözeltinin her ml (canlılık kitte sağlanan), her boyanın 1 ul karıştırılarak biyofilm boyama karışım hazırlayın. Su veya ortam çözelti içinde boya sağlayın. NOT: Su üretici tarafından tavsiye edilmektedir. </li><li> bölmeli covergla her bir kuyu için boya karışımının 200 ul eklep, 45 dakika süreyle karanlıkta, oda sıcaklığında inkübe edin ve. </li><li> odalarından boyama karışımı çıkarın ve steril PBS 300 ul her bir yıkama. PBS çıkarın ve tatlı su ya da medya ile değiştirin. </li><li> konfokal mikroskobu ile biyofilm görselleştirme ile devam edin. </li></ol> 5. Konfokal Mikroskop ile biyofilm görselleştirme <ol><li> hemen (1 saat içinde) boyandıktan sonra odalarına lekeli biyofilm okuyun. Bir seferde 2 8-kuyu odalarına 1 boyanarak slaytların görselleştirme gecikmeyi en aza indirmek. </li><li> edinimi için uyarma ve filtre setleri için lazerler ile konfokal mikroskop kullanılarak görüntüleme gerçekleştirin. NOT: Burada, spektral borealis lazerler ile dönen disk konfokal sistemi (Yeşil: 491nm, Kırmızı: 561 nm) uyarma için kullanılmıştır. 515/40 ve 624/40 emisyon filtre setleri biyofilm canlılığı kiti lekeleri görselleştirmek için kullanılmıştır. </li><li> kamera ile konfokal mikroskop bir 25X su objektif kullanarak fotoğraf çekmek. </li><li&gt; Kullan Z-Yığınları biyofilm modeli. Her 0.5-1 mikron biyofilm son olarak odak çerçeveye ilk odak düzlemi başlayarak görüntü almak (genellikle 30-80 mikron 48 saat biyofilm kapsayan) </li><li> her bir kuyunun 3-5 görüntüleri çekmek. NOT: Böylece 8 de odacıklı coverglass için, 24-40 görüntüleri oluşturulur. </li><li> Analiz için görüntüleri kaydedin. NOT: OME-TIFF dosyalarını COMSTAT 18,19 kullanılarak analiz edilecek şekilde Görüntüler kaydedilmesi gerekir. biyofilm görüntü analizi için talimatlar http://www.comstat.dk/ adresinde bulunabilir. görüntüleri ithal edildikten sonra, bu tür her kanala (kırmızı ve yeşil) için ortalama kalınlığı, biyokütle ve yüzey kapsama gibi parametreler analiz edilebilir. </li></ol>

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Bu tarifnamede tarif edilen yöntemler eksojen ürünlerin mevcudiyetinde büyütülen bakteri biyofilmlerin görselleştirme için izin verir. bu tip bir sistem kullanılıyorsa Beklendiği gibi, exoproducts üretimi önem taşımaktadır. Örneğin, Ditiyotreitol (DTT), genellikle örnekleri sıvılaştırılması yardımcı insan balgam kullanılır. Bununla birlikte, tek başına DTT etkisi biyofilm gelişimi ve canlılığı azaltılmış olur (veriler gösterilmemiştir). Bu durumda, tüm koşullar için uygun kon...

Bakteri biyofilmleri birbirlerine bağlanmış ve bir öz salgılanan matris kaplı olan mikroorganizmaların gruplarıdır. 1,2 Klasik olarak, fiziksel olarak akış koşulları altında meydana gelen bir abiyotik veya biyotik yüzeye bağlı bakteri temsil etmektedir. Biyofilmler, aynı zamanda bu tür test tüplerinde oluşan ısı havuzları veya ince zarlar hava-sıvı arayüzü itibarıyla yüzeylerin statik koşullar altında (akış olmaması) ve distal, büyümeye gösterilmiştir. Onlar biyolojik kirlenme, paslanma ve tıkanmalara neden su rezervuarları veya borularda oluşabilir gibi bu biyofilm uzun, endüstriyel prosesler için büyük bir kayba ortamında tanınan ve vardır oylandı. 3,4 Onlar kateter ile ilişkili enfeksiyonlar, kistik fibroz hastalarında akciğer enfeksiyonları, yanı sıra çok sayıda diğer enfeksiyonlarda rol gösterilmiştir olarak biyofilm, aynı zamanda sağlık ortamlarında kritik önem taşımaktadır. Biyofilm enfeksiyonlarının işaretlerinden 5,6 biri de olanBakterilerin antibiyotiklere duyarlılığının katlanmış ve doğuştan gelen bağışıklık sistemi tarafından açıklığı engelli. Biyofilm tabanlı enfeksiyonu kapsayan 7-9 en iyi okudu, klinik olarak anlamlı senaryolar kronik Pseudomonas aeruginosa biyofilm bulaşmış kistik fibrozis (KF) olan hastalarda ortaya çıkar. P. aeruginosa çok zor tedavi yapmak, kronik enfeksiyon kurulması sırasında bir dizi değişiklik uğrayabilir. 10,11 Biyofilmler farklı olarak doğuştan gelen bağışıklık etkinleştirmek ve inflamasyonu sürebilirim. Bu enfeksiyonlar KF hastalarında artmış morbidite ve mortalite neden 12-14 gibi, bu bağlamda biyofilm gelişimini etkileyen faktörleri anlamak önemlidir. Yeni yapılan bir çalışmada konak faktörleri P. aeruginosa biyofilm agrega oluşumunda kritik olduğunu göstermektedir. 15 Bu biyofilm antibiyotik ve konak savunma mekanizmaları indirgenmiş duyarlılık katkıda bulunur. preseörneğin nötrofil elastaz gibi CF akciğer mikroorganizmaların salgılanan ürünler olarak ev sahibi türevli faktörlere nce, büyük ölçüde biyofilm oluşumunu ve gelişimini modüle potansiyeline sahiptir. 16 Ayrıca, biyofilm sayısız yolların ifadesini modüle ve inflamasyonu başlatmak için ev sahibi ile etkileşim. Böyle standart kristal viyole deneyi olarak yüksek kapasiteli yöntemleri, biyofilm süreci ile ilgili olarak bazı bilgiler sağlayabilir iken, bu faktörlere yanıt olarak biyofilm görselleştirme daha derinlemesine bilgi sağlar. Bu yazıda in vitro biyofilm gelişimini incelemek için KF&#39;li hastaların balgam faktörlerini kullanmak için bir yöntem açıklanmaktadır. Bu yöntem, bir ticari biyofilm canlılığı kiti kullanılarak balgam içeren konak faktörlerine maruz kalan biyofilm hızlı görselleştirme sağlar. Bu teknik, görsel exogeno mevcudiyetinde biyofilm büyüme sırasında oluşan değişiklikleri tespit etmek için kullanılabilirUS ürünleri ve çeşitli koşullar altında biyofilm gelişme değişiklikleri analiz etmek için geliştirilmiş bir yöntemi temsil eder.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Lab-Tek II Chambered coverglass, #1.5 borosilicate, 8-well</td><td>Thermo Sicher Scientific</td><td>155409</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Filmtracer Live/Dead Biofilm Viabilty Kit</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>L10316</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Blood agar plates</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>R10215</td><td>Confirming viability via CFU counts or selecting colonies for innoculation</td></tr><tr><td>COMSTAT</td><td>Availble software online</td><td></td><td>COMSTAT is software to analyze biofilm images. Available www.comstat.dk&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Millers LB Broth</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>12780-052</td><td>Standard media for overnight gowth/biofilm growth</td></tr><tr><td>Millex-GV Syringe Filters</td><td>Millipore</td><td>SLGV013SL</td><td>Filtering of sputum supernants</td></tr><tr><td>Phosphate Buffered Saline (Dulbecco A)</td><td>Oxoid</td><td>BR0014G</td><td>Washing of biofilm chambers after media removal</td></tr><tr><td>Zeiss AxioVert 200M</td><td>Carl Zeiss</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hamamatsu C9100-13 EM-CCD</td><td>QS Technologies Inc.</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spectral Borealis</td><td>Qs Technologies Inc.</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Perkin Elmer Volocity</td><td>QS Technologies Inc.</td><td></td><td>Instructions for this software can be found at: http://cellularimaging.perkinelmer.com/pdfs/manuals/VolocityuserGuide.pdf</td></tr></tbody></table>

visualizing the effects of sputum on biofilm development using a chambered coverglass model

Biyofilmler kendinden salgılanan matris kaplı bakteri gruplarından oluşur. Bu endüstriyel kirlenme hem de bir çok sağlık ile ilgili enfeksiyonların gelişmekte ve önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. insan hastalığında en iyi tarif ve çalışılan biyofilm biri kistik fibroz hastalarının kronik akciğer enfeksiyonu meydana gelir. konak bağlamında biyofilm öğrenim görürken, birçok faktör biyofilm oluşumunu ve gelişimini etkileyebilir. Ev sahibi faktörleri biyofilm oluşumunu ve gelişimini etkileyen nasıl tespit etmek amacıyla, balgam yüzer şeklinde bir ev sahibi türevli faktör varlığında, biyofilm büyümeye statik odacıklı coverglass yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bakteri odalarına tohumlanmış ve balgam süzüntüler maruz kalmaktadır. büyüme 48 saat sonra, biyofilm önce konfokal mikroskopi ve analiz için ticari bir biyofilm canlılığı kiti ile boyandı. Görüntü alınmasının ardından, biyofilm özellikleri farklı yazılım platformları kullanarak değerlendirilebilir.Bu yöntem antibiyotikler de dahil olmak üzere, farklı maddelerin varlığında biyofilm büyüme önemli özelliklerini görselleştirmek sağlar.

Deney genel tasarımı, Şekil 1 &#39;de gösterilmiştir. Bu protokolün kullanılması farklı zaman aralıklarında (örneğin, 24, 48 veya 72 saat) için yetiştirilen biyofilm değişiklikleri görselleştirmek için uygun bir yöntem sağlar. Önemli bir şekilde, örneğin, balgam süzüntüler gibi dış sinyaller, biyofilm gelişme değişiklikleri görselleştirmek için ilave edilebilir. Şekil 2&#39;de de görüldüğü gibi,% 10, ba...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Visualizing the Effects of Sputum on Biofilm Development Using a Chambered Coverglass Model at JoVE.com

Visualizing the Effects of Sputum on Biofilm Development Using a Chambered Coverglass Model

This protocol describes the visualization of biofilm development following exposure to host-factors using a slide chamber model. This model allows for direct visualization of biofilm development as well as analysis of biofilm parameters using computer software programs.

Bir odacıklı coverglass Modeli Kullanılarak Biyofilm Kalkınma Sputum Etkilerinin görselleştirme

Biofilms consist of groups of bacteria encased in a self-secreted matrix. They play an important role in industrial contamination as well as in the ...

visualizing-effects-sputum-on-biofilm-development-using-chambered

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

8.3K Görüntüleme.  Hospital for Sick Children. This protocol describes the visualization of biofilm development following exposure to host-factors using a slide chamber model. This model allows for direct visualization of biofilm development as well as analysis of biofilm parameters using computer software programs.

Video: Visualizing the Effects of Sputum on Biofilm Development Using a Chambered Coverglass Model

Co-culture Models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Grown on Live Human Airway Cells

Bacterial biofilms have been associated with a number of different human diseases, but biofilm development has generally been studied on non-living surfaces. In this paper, we describe protocols for forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms on human airway epithelial cells (CFBE cells) grown in culture. In the first method (termed the Static Co-culture Biofilm Model), P. aeruginosa is incubated with CFBE cells grown as confluent monolayers on standard tissue culture plates. Although the bacterium is quite toxic to epithelial cells, the addition of arginine delays the destruction of the monolayer long enough for biofilms to form on the CFBE cells. The second method (termed the Flow Cell Co-culture Biofilm Model), involves adaptation of a biofilm flow cell apparatus, which is often used in biofilm research, to accommodate a glass coverslip supporting a confluent monolayer of CFBE cells. This monolayer is inoculated with P. aeruginosa and a peristaltic pump then flows fresh medium across the cells. In both systems, bacterial biofilms form within 6-8 hours after inoculation. Visualization of the biofilm is enhanced by the use of P. aeruginosa strains constitutively expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). The Static and Flow Cell Co-culture Biofilm assays are model systems for early P. aeruginosa infection of the Cystic Fibrosis (CF) lung, and these techniques allow different aspects of P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and virulence to be studied, including biofilm cytotoxicity, measurement of biofilm CFU, and staining and visualizing the biofilm.

Co-culture Models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Grown on Live Human Airway Cells

This paper describes different methods of growing Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms on cultured human airway epithelial cells. These protocols can be adapted to study different aspects of biofilm formation, including visualization of the biofilm, staining of the biofilm, measuring the colony forming units (CFU) of the biofilm, and studying biofilm cytotoxicity.

Co-kültür Modelleri Pseudomonas aeruginosa</emCanlı İnsan Havayolu Hücreler Yetiştirilen> Biyofilmler

Bacterial biofilms have been associated with a number of different human diseases, but biofilm development has generally been studied on non-living ...

İmmünoloji ve Enfeksiyon

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biofilm in Flow Cells

Many microbial cells have the ability to form sessile microbial communities defined as biofilms that have altered physiological and pathological properties compared to free living microorganisms. Biofilms in nature are often difficult to investigate and reside under poorly defined conditions1. Using a transparent substratum it is possible to device a system where simple biofilms can be examined in a non-destructive way in real-time: here we demonstrate the assembly and operation of a flow cell model system, for in vitro 3D studies of microbial biofilms generating high reproducibility under well-defined conditions2,3.
The system consists of a flow cell that serves as growth chamber for the biofilm. The flow cell is supplied with nutrients and oxygen from a medium flask via a peristaltic pump and spent medium is collected in a waste container. This construction of the flow system allows a continuous supply of nutrients and administration of e.g. antibiotics with minimal disturbance of the cells grown in the flow chamber. Moreover, the flow conditions within the flow cell allow studies of biofilm exposed to shear stress. A bubble trapping device confines air bubbles from the tubing which otherwise could disrupt the biofilm structure in the flow cell.
The flow cell system is compatible with Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and can thereby provide highly detailed 3D information about developing microbial biofilms. Cells in the biofilm can be labeled with fluorescent probes or proteins compatible with CLSM analysis. This enables online visualization and allows investigation of niches in the developing biofilm. Microbial interrelationship, investigation of antimicrobial agents or the expression of specific genes, are of the many experimental setups that can be investigated in the flow cell system.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biofilm in Flow Cells

Protocol describing the application of a flow cell system for growing and analyzing microbial biofilms for Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM).

Pseudomonas aeruginosa ve Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biyofilm Akış Hücreler

Many microbial cells have the ability to form sessile microbial communities defined as biofilms that have altered physiological and pathological ...

Microtiter Dish Biofilm Formation Assay

Biofilms are communities of microbes attached to surfaces, which can be found in medical, industrial and natural settings. In fact, life in a biofilm probably represents the predominate mode of growth for microbes in most environments. Mature biofilms have a few distinct characteristics. Biofilm microbes are typically surrounded by an extracellular matrix that provides structure and protection to the community. Microbes growing in a biofilm also have a characteristic architecture generally comprised of macrocolonies (containing thousands of cells) surrounded by fluid-filled channels. Biofilm-grown microbes are also notorious for their resistance to a range of antimicrobial agents including clinically relevant antibiotics.
The microtiter dish assay is an important tool for the study of the early stages in biofilm formation, and has been applied primarily for the study of bacterial biofilms, although this assay has also been used to study fungal biofilm formation. Because this assay uses static, batch-growth conditions, it does not allow for the formation of the mature biofilms typically associated with flow cell systems. However, the assay has been effective at identifying many factors required for initiation of biofilm formation (i.e, flagella, pili, adhesins, enzymes involved in cyclic-di-GMP binding and metabolism) and well as genes involved in extracellular polysaccharide production. Furthermore, published work indicates that biofilms grown in microtiter dishes do develop some properties of mature biofilms, such a antibiotic tolerance and resistance to immune system effectors.
This simple microtiter dish assay allows for the formation of a biofilm on the wall and/or bottom of a microtiter dish. The high throughput nature of the assay makes it useful for genetic screens, as well as testing biofilm formation by multiple strains under various growth conditions. Variants of this assay have been used to assess early biofilm formation for a wide variety of microbes, including but not limited to, pseudomonads, Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, staphylocci, enterococci, mycobacteria and fungi.
In the protocol described here, we will focus on the use of this assay to study biofilm formation by the model organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this assay, the extent of biofilm formation is measured using the dye crystal violet (CV). However, a number of other colorimetric and metabolic stains have been reported for the quantification of biofilm formation using the microtiter plate assay. The ease, low cost and flexibility of the microtiter plate assay has made it a critical tool for the study of biofilms.

The assay describes a rapid means to measure early biofilm formation in bacteria and fungi. This method uses a microtiter plate as the substratum for microbial biofilm formation, and the biofilm is visualized using crystal violet strain. The assay provides either a qualitative or quantitative assay for early biofilm formation.

Microtiter Bulaşık Biyofilm Oluşumu Testi

Biofilms are communities of microbes attached to surfaces, which can be found in medical, industrial and natural settings.  In fact, life in a biofilm ...

In vitro Biofilm Formation in an 8-well Chamber Slide

The chronic nature of many diseases is attributed to the formation of bacterial biofilms which are recalcitrant to traditional antibiotic therapy. Biofilms are community-associated bacteria attached to a surface and encased in a matrix. The role of the extracellular matrix is multifaceted, including facilitating nutrient acquisition, and offers significant protection against environmental stresses (e.g. host immune responses). In an effort to acquire a better understanding as to how the bacteria within a biofilm respond to environmental stresses we have used a protocol wherein we visualize bacterial biofilms which have formed in an 8-well chamber slide. The biofilms were stained with the BacLight Live/Dead stain and examined using a confocal microscope to characterize the relative biofilm size, and structure under varying incubation conditions. Z-stack images were collected via confocal microscopy and analyzed by COMSTAT. This protocol can be used to help elucidate the mechanism and kinetics by which biofilms form, as well as identify components that are important to biofilm structure and stability.

In vitro Biofilm Formation in an 8-well Chamber Slide

This article describes the procedure for the formation and visualization of a bacterial biofilm grown within an 8-well chamber slide

8-iyi Odası Slayt in vitro Biyofilm Oluşumu

The chronic nature of many diseases is attributed to the formation of bacterial biofilms which are recalcitrant to traditional antibiotic therapy. ...

Use of a High-throughput In Vitro Microfluidic System to Develop Oral Multi-species Biofilms

There are few high-throughput in vitro systems which facilitate the development of multi-species biofilms that contain numerous species commonly detected within in vivo oral biofilms. Furthermore, a system that uses natural human saliva as the nutrient source, instead of artificial media, is particularly desirable in order to support the expression of cellular and biofilm-specific properties that mimic the in vivo communities. We describe a method for the development of multi-species oral biofilms that are comparable, with respect to species composition, to supragingival dental plaque, under conditions similar to the human oral cavity. Specifically, this methods article will describe how a commercially available microfluidic system can be adapted to facilitate the development of multi-species oral biofilms derived from and grown within pooled saliva. Furthermore, a description of how the system can be used in conjunction with a confocal laser scanning microscope to generate 3-D biofilm reconstructions for architectural and viability analyses will be presented. Given the broad diversity of microorganisms that grow within biofilms in the microfluidic system (including Streptococcus, Neisseria, Veillonella, Gemella, and Porphyromonas), a protocol will also be presented describing how to harvest the biofilm cells for further subculture&#160;or DNA extraction and analysis. The limits of both the microfluidic biofilm system and the current state-of-the-art data analyses will be addressed. Ultimately, it is envisioned that this article will provide a baseline technique that will improve the study of oral biofilms and aid in the development of additional technologies that can be integrated with the microfluidic platform.

Use of a High-throughput In Vitro Microfluidic System to Develop Oral Multi-species Biofilms

The goal of this methods paper is to describe the use of a microfluidic system for the development of multi-species biofilms that contain species typically identified in human supragingival dental plaque.&#160;Methods to describe biofilm architecture, biofilm viability, and an approach to harvest biofilm for culture-dependent or culture-independent analyses are highlighted.

Yüksek verimli bir kullanımı<em&gt; İn Vitro</em&gt; Mikroakışkan Sistemi Ağız Çok türler biyofilm Geliştirmek İçin

There are few high-throughput in vitro systems which facilitate the development of multi-species biofilms that contain numerous species commonly detected ...

Biyomühendislik

Methodologies for Studying B. subtilis Biofilms as a Model for Characterizing Small Molecule Biofilm Inhibitors

This work assesses different methodologies to study the impact of small molecule biofilm inhibitors, such as D-amino acids, on the development and resilience of Bacillus subtilis biofilms. First, methods are presented that select for small molecule inhibitors with biofilm-specific targets in order to separate the effect of the small molecule inhibitors on planktonic growth from their effect on biofilm formation. Next, we focus on how inoculation conditions affect the sensitivity of multicellular, floating B. subtilis cultures to small molecule inhibitors. The results suggest that discrepancies in the reported effects of such inhibitors such as D-amino acids are due to inconsistent pre-culture conditions. Furthermore, a recently developed protocol is described for evaluating the contribution of small molecule treatments towards biofilm resistance to antibacterial substances. Lastly, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques are presented to analyze the three-dimensional spatial arrangement of cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix in a B. subtilis biofilm. SEM facilitates insight into the three-dimensional biofilm architecture and the matrix texture. A combination of the methods described here can greatly assist the study of biofilm development in the presence and absence of biofilm inhibitors, and shed light on the mechanism of action of these inhibitors.

Methodologies for Studying B. subtilis Biofilms as a Model for Characterizing Small Molecule Biofilm Inhibitors

This study presents the development of reproducible methodologies to study biofilm inhibitors and their effects on Bacillus subtilis multicellularity.

Araştırma yöntemleri<em&gt; B. subtilis</emKüçük Molekül Biyofilm İnhibitörleri Karakterizasyonu için Bir Model Olarak&gt; Biyofilmler

This work assesses different methodologies to study the impact of small molecule biofilm inhibitors, such as D-amino acids, on the development and ...

The WinCF Model - An Inexpensive and Tractable Microcosm of a Mucus Plugged Bronchiole to Study the Microbiology of Lung Infections

Many chronic airway diseases result in mucus plugging of the airways. Lungs of an individual with cystic fibrosis are an exemplary case where their mucus-plugged bronchioles create a favorable habitat for microbial colonization. Various pathogens thrive in this environment interacting with each other and driving many of the symptoms associated with CF disease. Like any microbial community, the chemical conditions of their habitat have a significant impact on the community structure and dynamics. For example, different microorganisms thrive in differing levels of oxygen or other solute concentrations. This is also true in the CF lung, where oxygen concentrations are believed to drive community physiology and structure. The methods described here are designed to mimic the lung environment and grow pathogens in a manner more similar to that from which they cause disease. Manipulation of the chemical surroundings of these microbes is then used to study how the chemistry of lung infections governs its microbial ecology. The method, called the WinCF system, is based on artificial sputum medium and narrow capillary tubes meant to provide an oxygen gradient similar to that which exists in mucus-plugged bronchioles. Manipulating chemical conditions, such as the media pH of the sputum or antibiotics pressure, allows for visualization of the microbiological differences in those samples using colored indicators, watching for gas or biofilm production, or extracting and sequencing the nucleic acid contents of each sample.

The mucus plugged airways of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are an ideal environment for microbial pathogens to thrive. The manuscript describes a novel method for studying the CF lung microbiome in an environment that mimics where they cause disease and how alterations of chemical conditions can drive microbial dynamics.

WinCF Modeli - Bir Mukus bir Ucuz ve Çekilebilir Microcosm Akciğer İnfeksiyonları Mikrobiyoloji Eğitim için bronşiole Takıldı

Many chronic airway diseases result in mucus plugging of the airways. Lungs of an individual with cystic fibrosis are an exemplary case where their ...

Visualization of Biofilm Formation in Candida albicans Using an Automated Microfluidic Device

Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen of humans, causing about 15% of hospital-acquired sepsis cases. A major virulence attribute of C. albicans is its ability to form biofilms, structured communities of cells attached to biotic and abiotic surfaces. C. albicans biofilms can form on host tissues, such as mucosal layers, and on medical devices, such as catheters, pacemakers, dentures, and joint prostheses. Biofilms pose significant clinical challenges because they are highly resistant to physical and chemical perturbations, and can act as reservoirs to seed disseminated infections. Various in vitro assays have been utilized to study C. albicans biofilm formation, such as microtiter plate assays, dry weight measurements, cell viability assays, and confocal scanning laser microscopy. All of these assays are single end-point assays, where biofilm formation is assessed at a specific time point. Here, we describe a protocol to study biofilm formation in real-time using an automated microfluidic device under laminar flow conditions. This method allows for the observation of biofilm formation as the biofilm develops over time, using customizable conditions that mimic those of the host, such as those encountered in vascular catheters. This protocol can be used to assess the biofilm defects of genetic mutants as well as the inhibitory effects of antimicrobial agents on biofilm development in real-time.

Visualization of Biofilm Formation in Candida albicans Using an Automated Microfluidic Device

This protocol describes the use of a customizable automated microfluidic device to visualize biofilm formation in Candida albicans under host physiological conditions.

Görselleştirme bir otomatik mikrosıvısal aygıtı kullanarak Candida albicans biyofilm oluşumu

Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen of humans, causing about 15% of hospital-acquired sepsis cases. A major virulence attribute of C. ...

Visualization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within the Sputum of Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Early detection and eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients can reduce the chance of developing chronic infection. The development of chronic P. aeruginosa infections is associated with a decline in lung function and increased morbidity. Therefore, there is a great interest in elucidating the reasons for the failure to eradicate P. aeruginosa with antibiotic therapy which occurs in approximately 10-40% of pediatric patients. One of many factors that can affect host clearance of P. aeruginosa and antibiotic susceptibility is variations in spatial organization (such as aggregation or biofilm formation) and polysaccharide production. Therefore, we were interested in visualizing the in situ characteristics of P. aeruginosa within the sputum of CF patients. A tissue clearing technique was applied to sputum samples after embedding the samples into a hydrogel matrix to retain the 3D structures relative to host cells. After tissue clearing, fluorescent labels and dyes were added to allow visualization. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed for the visualization of bacterial cells, binding of fluorescently labeled anti-Psl-antibodies for the visualization of the exopolysaccharide and DAPI staining to stain host cells to obtain structural insight. These methods allowed for the high-resolution imaging of P. aeruginosa within the sputum of CF patients via confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Visualization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within the Sputum of Cystic Fibrosis Patients

This protocol provides methods for visualization of bacterial cells and polysaccharide synthesis locus (Psl) polysaccharide within the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients.

Kistik Fibrozis Hastalarının Balgamında Pseudomonas aeruginosa'nın Görüntülenmesi

Early detection and eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa within the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients can reduce the chance of developing chronic ...

Quantifying the Effects of Antimicrobials on In vitro Biofilm Architecture using COMSTAT Software

Biofilms are aggregates of microorganisms that rely on a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance for protection and structural integrity. The nosocomial pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is known to adopt a biofilm mode of growth, causing chronic pulmonary infection in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The computer program, COMSTAT, is a useful tool for quantifying antimicrobial-induced changes in P. aeruginosa biofilm architecture by extracting data from three-dimensional confocal images. However, standardized operation of the software is less commonly addressed, which is important for optimal reporting of biofilm behavior and cross-center comparison. Thus, the aim of this protocol is to provide a simple and reproducible framework for quantifying in vitro biofilm structures under varying antimicrobial conditions via COMSTAT. The technique is modeled using a CF P. aeruginosa isolate, grown in the form of biofilm replicates, and exposed to tobramycin and the anti-Psl monoclonal antibody, Psl0096. The step-by-step approach aims to reduce user ambiguity and minimize the chance of overlooking crucial image-processing steps. Specifically, the protocol emphasizes the elimination of subjective variations associated with the manual operation of COMSTAT, including image segmentation and the selection of appropriate quantitative analysis functions. Although this method requires users to spend additional time processing confocal images prior to running COMSTAT, it helps minimize misrepresented biofilm heterogenicity in automated outputs.

Quantifying the Effects of Antimicrobials on In vitro Biofilm Architecture using COMSTAT Software

Antimicrobial-induced changes to Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm architecture differ among clinical isolates cultured from patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic pulmonary infection. Following confocal microscopy, COMSTAT software can be utilized to quantify variations in biofilm architecture (e.g., surface area, thickness, biomass) for individual isolates to assess the efficacy of anti-infective agents.

Bir odacıklı coverglass Modeli Kullanılarak Biyofilm Kalkınma Sputum Etkilerinin görselleştirme

Özet

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Co-kültür Modelleri Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biyofilmler

Pseudomonas aeruginosa ve Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biyofilm Akış Hücreler

Microtiter Bulaşık Biyofilm Oluşumu Testi

8-iyi Odası Slayt in vitro Biyofilm Oluşumu

Yüksek verimli bir kullanımı

Araştırma yöntemleri

WinCF Modeli - Bir Mukus bir Ucuz ve Çekilebilir Microcosm Akciğer İnfeksiyonları Mikrobiyoloji Eğitim için bronşiole Takıldı

Görselleştirme bir otomatik mikrosıvısal aygıtı kullanarak Candida albicans biyofilm oluşumu

Kistik Fibrozis Hastalarının Balgamında Pseudomonas aeruginosa'nın Görüntülenmesi

Antimikrobiyallerin İn vitro Biyofilm Mimarisi Üzerindeki Etkilerinin COMSTAT Yazılımı Kullanılarak Ölçülmesi