Name: an inexpensive, scalable behavioral assay for measuring ethanol sedation sensitivity and rapid tolerance in drosophila
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Inexpensive, Scalable Behavioral Assay for Measuring Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance in Drosophila at JoVE.com

These studies were supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse to M.G. (P20AA017828, R01AA020634, P50 AA022537). The authors thank Jill Bettinger for helpful discussions and Jacqueline DeLoyht for technical assistance.

Tahlil önce 1. Gün <ol><li> Kısa (1-5 dk) CO 2 altında 11 (tek seks) gruplar halinde taze gıda şişeleri içine sinekler toplayın. </li><li> Sinekler, çevre şartları kontrol alanı gıda şişeler içinde (tipik olarak 25 ° C,% 60 nispi nem, 12 saat aydınlık / karanlık döngüsü) O / N kurtarmak için izin verin. </li><li> Planlanan deney için uygun nihai konsantrasyon (lar) saflaştırılarak (≥18 MΩ) su içinde (% 100), etanol seyrelterek etanol çözeltisi (ler) hazırlayın. Çözüm (ler) RT O / N dönmek için izin verin. Not: etanol seyreltilmesi ekzotermiktir. </li></ol> Deney 2. Gün <ol><li> Sineklerin her flakon test edilebilmesi için, temiz, boş gıda flakon (i) hazırlamak; yani, test şişe, (ii), yeni bir selüloz asetat fiş, (iii) silikon durdurucu ve (iv) etanol çözeltisi (bakınız Tablo 3), 1 mi. </li><li> 55-65% 20-25 ° C sıcaklık ve bağıl nem ayarlayarak test odası hazırlayın. </li><li> Başka bir işçi varflakon her grup için benzersiz bir kod atamak ve sonrası için kod kaydedin. Bir kaç dakika ACCLIMATE test odasında sinekler ile kodlanmış şişeleri yerleştirin. </li><li> 2.3 den sinek şişeleri kodları maç boş test şişeleri etiketleyin. </li><li> Tablo 1 benzer bir elektronik sütunların içine kodları (tek sütun / şişe) girerek sert bir kopya test günlüğü oluşturun. </li><li> Bir kılavuz olarak test günlüğünü kullanarak, test odasında dizileri eşleşen içine sinek ve boş şişeleri test ile kodlanmış gıda şişeleri düzenlemek. Not: sınamak için flakon makul sayısı 24 olan (yani, 4 flakon her 6 setleri). </li><li> Aktarım eşleşti / etiketli boş test şişeleri içine gıda şişeleri uçar ve selüloz asetat fişler flakon üstleri altında 2 cm kadar hemen test şişeleri içine selüloz asetat fişlerini takın. </li><li> Bundan sonra, sendeleyerek 1 dakika aralıklarla bir dizi olarak dört flakon her satırı ele. </li><li> Zaman 0 değerlendirme için, ayrı ayrı w her şişeyi kavramaki başparmak ve işaret parmağı, şişenin dibine vurmak sinekler 30 saniye bekleyin ve sonra ölü / hareketsiz olan sinekler sayısını saymak için masaya hafifçe üç kez dokunun. Zaman basılı test günlüğüne 0 dakika, her flakon için hareketsiz / ölü sinekler numarasını kaydedin. </li><li> Zamanlayıcı 0 zamanında sürekli olarak saymaya başlar ve hemen ardından 4 şişeleri birinci satır / grubu için, ampuller içindeki selüloz asetat fişleri etanol, 1 ml ilave başlar. Bu test edilecektir amacıyla 5 saniye aralıklarla şişeler içinde selüloz asetat fişleri etanol 1 ml ilave edilir. Etanol selüloz asetat fişleri boyunca eşit emilir ve böylece bir dairesel hareketlerle selüloz asetat fişleri etanol ekleyin. Etanol kümesindeki tüm 4 test şişelerine eklendi, bunu kapatmak için her bir tüp içinde bir silikon fiş yerleştirin. </li><li> Kez 1, 2, 3, 4 ve 5 dakika içinde, sırasıyla, 4 şişeleri ikinci, üçüncü, dördüncü, beşinci ve altıncı kümelerine etanol 1 ml. Sonra silikon tapalar ekleyerek devam4 şişelere her bir grubu için etanol ilave edilmesi. </li><li> Süresi 6 dk, başparmak ve işaret parmağı ile her flakon açgözlü şişenin dibine sinekler devirmek için masaya hafifçe üç kez dokunarak, 30 sn bekledikten sonra sayma ve toplam sayısını kaydederek 4 flakon ilk seti testi sedasyon olan sinekler. Skor onlar (i) şişenin yere durmak fakat ya kanatlarını çırparak olmadan sırtlarında yürümek veya (ii) yalan yoksa sedasyon gibi uçar. </li><li> Tablo 2&#39;de zamanlama ile 5 sn aralıklarla kümesi içinde her şişeyi tutun. </li><li> Ilk kümesi için yapıldığı gibi kat 7, 8, 9, 10 ve 11 dakika içinde, sırasıyla küçük şişeler, ikinci, üçüncü, dördüncü, beşinci ve altıncı kümeleri test edin. </li><li> Süresi 12 dakika içinde 2.12 tarif edildiği gibi, tekrar 4 şişeleri ilk seti test sırasıyla, 13, 14, 15, 16 ve 17 dakikada şişeleri ikinci, üçüncü, dördüncü, beşinci ve altıncı kümeleri test etmektedir. </li><li> Tüm sinekler s kadar 2.12 açıklandığı gibi test sinekler Devamedated. </li><li> Basılı test günlüğüne her şişe içinde sinekler toplam sayısını girin. Sineklerin sayısı zaman 0 hareketsiz / ölü sinekler sansür. </li><li> Zaman (x-ekseni) karşı% aktif sinekler (y-ekseni) ve her değerlendirme noktasında yüzde aktif sinekler ve arsa verileri hesaplar. Polinom veya Sigmoidal eğrisi uyan üçüncü sırasından Sedasyon Süresi 50 değerleri (ST50,% 50 sedasyon süresi) interpolating veya eğri altında kalan alan hesaplanarak etanol sedasyon nicelleştirmektedir. </li><li> Çözülmüş şişeleri verileri derlemek ve istatistiksel analizler gerçekleştirmek (örn, tek yönlü ANOVA Bonferroni çoklu karşılaştırma testi ile) deneysel tasarım için uygun. </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

Tekrarlanabilir anlamlı fenotipleri ölçmek basit testler davranış analizi için büyük değer taşımaktadır. Burada anlatılan çalışmalar Drosophila etanol sedasyon hassasiyet ve hızlı tolerans ölçmek için bir tahlil birkaç pratik yönlerini ele almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın bir odak rağmen, davranışsal analizler bir çalışma içinde denek için çevre ve genetik arka plan sabit sürdürerek kolaylaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, karşılaştırma tipik haliyle yetiştirilen ve yan yana test...

Alkol kullanım bozukluğu (AKB) dünya çapında (1 gözden) büyük bir sağlık sorunudur. AUD gelişimini sürüş mekanizmaları karmaşık olmasına rağmen, bu bozukluklar önemli bir genetik bileşeni var (örneğin, 2). AUD ve korunmuş davranışsal tepkilerin büyük kalıtım daha moleküler temelini anlamaya yönelik etanol ilgili davranışlar belirli genleri araştırmak için genetik model organizmalar kullanarak güçlü bir ilgi yarattı (3,4 gözden) birçok türler arasında etanole AUD. meyve sineği Drosophila melanogaster, (3,4 gözden) etanol ile ilgili davranışlar moleküler genetik mekanizmaları keşfetmek için bir lider model organizma olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Sinekler Çalışmaları (5 gözden) etanol davranışsal tepkilerin çeşitli sinyal yolları için roller sermiştir. Ilginç genlerin ve yolların bazı davranışsal RESPONS etkilediğisinekler etanol için es de kemirgen etanol ilgili davranışlar ve / veya insan AUD (örneğin, 6-14) suçlanmıştır. Drosophila modeli sisteminde mevcut genetik araçları paketi ile birleştiğinde türler arasında etanol ilgili davranışları, sürüş mekanizmalarının korunması, etanol davranışsal tepkilerin genetik araştırmak için meyve sineği modelinin programı altını çiziyor. Hassasiyet 15,16 ve insanlarda etanol (17 gözden) tolerans AUD gelişimine bağlıdır. Etanol bu davranışsal tepkilerin her ikisi de (3,4 gözden) laboratuar deneyleri çeşitli yoluyla sinekler örnek alınabilir. Yazarlar tarafından bilinen uçucu deneylerinin her etanol sakinleştirici ya da zamana-bağlı etanol kaynaklı sedasyon / koordinasyon bozukluğu veya zamana bağımlı geri dayanmaktadır. Etanol duyarlılık ve r genetiği bizim gruptan bir önceki makaledeDrosophila apid toleransı, sineklerin etanol buharı kaynaklı sedasyon dayalı bir davranış tahlil 18 kullanılmıştır. Bu tahlilde Test canlı yetişkin aktararak başlatılan selüloz asetat fişinin üst (yani olmayan sinek tarafı) etanol ilave bir selüloz asetat fişi ile şişeler içinde sinekler yakalama, gıda şişeleri boşaltmak için anestezi olmadan uçar, ve Bir silikon tıpa ile sinekler, selüloz asetat fişi ve etanol içeren flakon sızdırmazlık (18 referans, Şekil S3 şematik bakınız). Sinekler farklı grupları temsil Çok sayıdaki vial, bu tahlilin arttırarak, paralel olarak değerlendirildi. Şişeler anonim kod verildi ve deneyci sedasyon değerlendirilmesinde istenmeyen önyargı önlemek için tedavi grubuna kör edildi. Standart bir deneyde, şişeler içinde, 30 saniyelik bir geri alındıktan sonra her şişeye sedasyon sinekler sayısı sayılmış ve Converte edildi, 6 dakika aralıklarla yavaşça akıtıldı, daha edildi ve sineklerYüzde aktif sinekler d. Sinekler iç etanol 18 ve sedasyon (bu raporda cf referans 18 ve Şekil 1A ve 1B) ilerici artışa neden bir zaman-bağımlı bir şekilde selüloz asetat prizinden etanol buharı absorbe. Bu tahlilde Sedasyon operasyonel yürüyüş veya (ii) veya kanatlarını çırparak olmadan sırtlarında yatan yokluğunda sinekler (i) ayakta olarak tanımlandı. Burada, bu etanol sedasyon deney ayrıntılı olarak tarif edilmiştir, bunu kullanarak ilgili daha fazla işlevsel optimizasyonu sağlanır ve deney uçucu sedasyon duyarlılık gıda takviyesi seçenekleri katkı adreslemek için kullanılır.

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an inexpensive, scalable behavioral assay for measuring ethanol sedation sensitivity and rapid tolerance in drosophila

Alkol kullanım bozukluğu (AKB) ciddi bir sağlık sorundur. TL büyük bir kalıtsal bileşeni olmasına rağmen, birkaç gen açıkça etiolojilerine implike edilmiştir. meyve sineği Drosophila melanogaster, alkolle ilişkili davranışları altında yatan moleküler genetik mekanizmaları keşfetmek için güçlü bir modeldir ve bu nedenle belirlenmesi ve TL etkileyen genlerin fonksiyonunu anlamak için büyük umut vaat ediyor. çalışmaların bu tür Drosophila modelinin kullanılması güvenilir etanol davranışsal tepkilerini ölçmek tahlillerin bulunmasına bağlıdır. Bu rapor sinekler etanol duyarlılığı ve hızlı tolerans değerlendirmek için uygun bir deneyi anlatır. Bu deneyde ölçüldüğü Etanol duyarlılık sinekler testten hemen önce gıda olmadan muhafaza edilir seviyesi ve kullanılan etanol konsantrasyonu, daha önce bildirilen genetik manipülasyonlar, bir dizi ve zamanın da uzunluğu ile etkilenir. Bunun aksine, etanol sBu deneyde ölçüldüğü ensitivity uçucu işleme, sinekler cinsiyeti ve antibiyotik veya canlı maya büyüme ortamı takviyesi gücü etkilenmez. Nicelleştirme etanol hassasiyeti için üç farklı yöntem esas itibarı ile ayırt etanol duyarlılık sonucu yol açıklanmıştır. genel sadeliği ile birlikte bu testin ölçeklenebilir yapısı, ve nispeten düşük gider set-up Drosophila etanol duyarlılığı ve hızlı hoşgörü küçük ve büyük ölçekli genetik analiz için uygun hale getirmek için.

Bu etanol sedasyon testte elde edilen ham veriler, etanol buhar maruz kalma süresinin bir fonksiyonu olarak sedasyon edilir sinek sayısıdır. Ham veri zamanın bir fonksiyonu olarak yüzde aktif sinekler dönüştürülür (birincil veri 1A Şekil, B, D - F). Eğri uygun birincil veri etanol sedasyon duyarlılık interpolasyon yoluyla, Sedasyon Süresi 50 (ST50) olarak eğri (AUC) altında sedasyon veya aea olmak için sinek% 50 için gerekli zamanı miktarı belirlenebilir. Daha ön...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Inexpensive, Scalable Behavioral Assay for Measuring Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance in Drosophila at JoVE.com

An Inexpensive, Scalable Behavioral Assay for Measuring Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance in Drosophila

Straightforward assays for measuring ethanol sensitivity and rapid tolerance in Drosophila facilitate the use of this model organism for investigating these important ethanol-related behaviors. Here, a relatively simple, scalable assay for measuring ethanol sensitivity and rapid tolerance in flies is described.

Etanol sedasyon Hassasiyet ve hızlı Hoşgörü Ölçüm Ucuz bir, Ölçeklenebilir Davranış Deneyi<em&gt; Drosophila</em

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a serious health challenge. Despite a large hereditary component to AUD, few genes have been unambiguously implicated in ...

an-inexpensive-scalable-behavioral-assay-for-measuring-ethanol

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

An Inexpensive, Scalable Behavioral Assay for Measuring Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance in Drosophila

10.2K Görüntüleme.  Virginia Commonwealth University. Straightforward assays for measuring ethanol sensitivity and rapid tolerance in Drosophila facilitate the use of this model organism for investigating these important ethanol-related behaviors. Here, a relatively simple, scalable assay for measuring ethanol sensitivity and rapid tolerance in flies is described.

Video: An Inexpensive, Scalable Behavioral Assay for Measuring Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance in Drosophila

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making

Behavioral endocrinological research in humans as well as in animals suggests that testosterone plays a key role in social interactions. Studies in rodents have shown a direct link between testosterone and aggressive behavior1 and folk wisdom adapts these findings to humans, suggesting that testosterone induces antisocial, egoistic or even aggressive behavior2. However, many researchers doubt a direct testosterone-aggression link in humans, arguing instead that testosterone is primarily involved in status-related behavior3,4. As a high status can also be achieved by aggressive and antisocial means it can be difficult to distinguish between anti-social and status seeking behavior.
We therefore set up an experimental environment, in which status can only be achieved by prosocial means. In a double-blind and placebo-controlled experiment, we administered a single sublingual dose of 0.5 mg of testosterone (with a hydroxypropyl-&beta;-cyclodextrin carrier) to 121 women and investigated their social interaction behavior in an economic bargaining paradigm. Real monetary incentives are at stake in this paradigm; every player A receives a certain amount of money and has to make an offer to another player B on how to share the money. If B accepts, she gets what was offered and player A keeps the rest. If B refuses the offer, nobody gets anything. A status seeking player A is expected to avoid being rejected by behaving in a prosocial way, i.e. by making higher offers.
The results show that if expectations about the hormone are controlled for, testosterone administration leads to a significant increase in fair bargaining offers compared to placebo. The role of expectations is reflected in the fact that subjects who report that they believe to have received testosterone make lower offers than those who say they believe that they were treated with a placebo. These findings suggest that the experimental economics approach is sensitive for detecting neurobiological effects as subtle as those achieved by administration of hormones. Moreover, the findings point towards the importance of both psychosocial as well as neuroendocrine factors in determining the influence of testosterone on human social behavior.

The procedure described in this protocol shows that testosterone administration and folk beliefs about testosterone may be associated with directly opposed social behaviors.

Davranış Endokrinoloji ve Deneysel İktisat birleştiren: Testosteron ve Sosyal Karar Verme

Behavioral endocrinological research in humans as well as in animals suggests that testosterone plays a key role in social interactions. Studies in ...

Nörobilim

A Simple Way to Measure Ethanol Sensitivity in Flies

Low doses of ethanol cause flies to become hyperactive, while high doses are sedating. The sensitivity to ethanol-induced sedation of a given fly strain is correlated with that strain s ethanol preference, and therefore sedation is a highly relevant measure to study the genetics of alcohol responses and drinking. We demonstrate a simple way to expose flies to ethanol and measure its intoxicating effects. The assay we describe can determine acute sensitivity, as well as ethanol tolerance induced by repeat exposure. It does not require a technically involved setup, and can therefore be applied in any laboratory with basic fly culture tools.

A simple assay to measure the sedating effects of ethanol on Drosophila flies, based on the loss of righting reflex, is described.

Sinekler Etanol Hassasiyet Tedbir Basit Yolu

Low doses of ethanol cause flies to become hyperactive, while high doses are sedating. The sensitivity to ethanol-induced sedation of a given fly strain ...

A General Method for Evaluating Incubation of Sucrose Craving in Rats

For someone on a food-restricted diet, food craving in response to food-paired cues may serve as a key behavioral transition point between abstinence and relapse to food taking 1. Food craving conceptualized in this way is akin to drug craving in response to drug-paired cues. A rich literature has been developed around understanding the behavioral and neurobiological determinants of drug craving; we and others have been focusing recently on translating techniques from basic addiction research to better understand addiction-like behaviors related to food 2-4.
As done in previous studies of drug craving, we examine sucrose craving behavior by utilizing a rat model of relapse. In this model, rats self-administer either drug or food in sessions over several days. In a session, lever responding delivers the reward along with a tone+light stimulus. Craving behavior is then operationally defined as responding in a subsequent session where the reward is not available. Rats will reliably respond for the tone+light stimulus, likely due to its acquired conditioned reinforcing properties 5. This behavior is sometimes referred to as sucrose seeking or cue reactivity. In the present discussion we will use the term "sucrose craving" to subsume both of these constructs.
In the past decade, we have focused on how the length of time following reward self-administration influences reward craving. Interestingly, rats increase responding for the reward-paired cue over the course of several weeks of a period of forced-abstinence. This "incubation of craving" is observed in rats that have self-administered either food or drugs of abuse 4,6. This time-dependent increase in craving we have identified in the animal model may have great potential relevance to human drug and food addiction behaviors.
Here we present a protocol for assessing incubation of sucrose craving in rats. Variants of the procedure will be indicated where craving is assessed as responding for a discrete sucrose-paired cue following extinction of lever pressing within the sucrose self-administration context (Extinction without cues) or as responding for sucrose-paired cues in a general extinction context (Extinction with cues).

Responding for food or drug-paired cues increases over the course of a period of abstinence and this may relate to an increased susceptibility to relapse behaviors. Here we detail a procedure for evaluating this "incubation of craving" in rats that have self-administered sucrose.

Sıçanlarda Sakkaroz Craving Kuluçka değerlendirilmesi için Genel Bir Yöntem

For someone on a food-restricted diet, food craving in response to food-paired cues may serve as a key behavioral transition point between abstinence and ...

Recording and Analysis of Circadian Rhythms in Running-wheel Activity in Rodents

When rodents have free access to a running wheel in their home cage, voluntary use of this wheel will depend on the time of day1-5. Nocturnal rodents, including rats, hamsters, and mice, are active during the night and relatively inactive during the day. Many other behavioral and physiological measures also exhibit daily rhythms, but in rodents, running-wheel activity serves as a particularly reliable and convenient measure of the output of the master circadian clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. In general, through a process called entrainment, the daily pattern of running-wheel activity will naturally align with the environmental light-dark cycle (LD cycle; e.g. 12 hr-light:12 hr-dark). However circadian rhythms are endogenously generated patterns in behavior that exhibit a ~24 hr period, and persist in constant darkness. Thus, in the absence of an LD cycle, the recording and analysis of running-wheel activity can be used to determine the subjective time-of-day. Because these rhythms are directed by the circadian clock the subjective time-of-day is referred to as the circadian time (CT). In contrast, when an LD cycle is present, the time-of-day that is determined by the environmental LD cycle is called the zeitgeber time (ZT).
Although circadian rhythms in running-wheel activity are typically linked to the SCN clock6-8, circadian oscillators in many other regions of the brain and body9-14 could also be involved in the regulation of daily activity rhythms. For instance, daily rhythms in food-anticipatory activity do not require the SCN15,16 and instead, are correlated with changes in the activity of extra-SCN oscillators17-20. Thus, running-wheel activity recordings can provide important behavioral information not only about the output of the master SCN clock, but also on the activity of extra-SCN oscillators. Below we describe the equipment and methods used to record, analyze and display circadian locomotor activity rhythms in laboratory rodents.

Circadian rhythms in voluntary wheel-running activity in mammals are tightly coupled to the molecular oscillations of a master clock in the brain. As such, these daily rhythms in behavior can be used to study the influence of genetic, pharmacological, and environmental factors on the functioning of this circadian clock.

Kemirgenler Faaliyet teker Running kayıt ve Sirkadiyen Rhythms Analizi

When rodents have free access to a running wheel in their home cage, voluntary use of this wheel will depend on the time of day1-5. Nocturnal rodents, ...

The FlyBar: Administering Alcohol to Flies

Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) are an established model for both alcohol research and circadian biology. Recently, we showed that the circadian clock modulates alcohol sensitivity, but not the formation of tolerance. Here, we describe our protocol in detail. Alcohol is administered to the flies using the FlyBar. In this setup, saturated alcohol vapor is mixed with humidified air in set proportions, and administered to the flies in four tubes simultaneously. Flies are reared under standardized conditions in order to minimize variation between the replicates. Three-day old flies of different genotypes or treatments are used for the experiments, preferably by matching flies of two different time points (e.g., CT 5 and CT 17) making direct comparisons possible. During the experiment, flies are exposed for 1 hr&#160;to the pre-determined percentage of alcohol vapor and the number of flies that exhibit the Loss of Righting reflex (LoRR) or sedation are counted every 5 min. The data can be analyzed using three different statistical approaches. The first is to determine the time at which 50% of the flies have lost their righting reflex and use an Analysis of the Variance (ANOVA) to determine whether significant differences exist between time points. The second is to determine the percentage flies that show LoRR after a specified number of minutes, followed by an ANOVA analysis. The last method is to analyze the whole times series using multivariate statistics. The protocol can also be used for non-circadian experiments or comparisons between genotypes.

Drosophila has emerged as a significant model system for dissecting the cellular and molecular underpinnings of behavioral responses to alcohol. Here we present a protocol for the collection of alcohol sensitivity data in a circadian context that can be easily applied to other experiments and is well-suited for undergraduate research.

Flybar: Sineklerin için Alkol yönetme

Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) are an established model for both alcohol research and circadian biology. Recently, we showed that the circadian ...

High-Throughput Method for Measuring Alcohol Sedation Time of Individual Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster provides an excellent model to study the genetic underpinnings of alcohol sensitivity. In contrast to studies in human populations, the Drosophila model allows strict control over genetic background, and virtually unlimited numbers of individuals of the same genotype can be reared rapidly under well-controlled environmental conditions without regulatory restrictions and at relatively low cost. Flies exposed to ethanol undergo physiological and behavioral changes that resemble human alcohol intoxication, including loss of postural control, sedation, and development of tolerance. Here, we describe a simple, low-cost, high-throughput assay for assessing alcohol sedation sensitivity in large numbers of single flies. The assay is based on video recording of single flies introduced without anesthesia in 24-well cell culture plates in a set-up that enables synchronous initiation of alcohol exposure. The system enables a single person to collect individual ethanol sedation data on as many as 2,000 flies within an 8 h work period. The assay can, in principle, be extended to assess the effects of exposure to any volatile substance and applied to measure effects of acute toxicity of volatiles on other insects, including other fly species.

High-Throughput Method for Measuring Alcohol Sedation Time of Individual Drosophila melanogaster

Current methods to measure alcohol sensitivity in Drosophila are designed to test groups of flies. We present a simple, low-cost, high-throughput assay for assessing alcohol sedation sensitivity in large numbers of single flies. The method does not require specialized tools and can be performed in any laboratory using common materials.

Bireysel Drosophila melanogaster Alkol Sedasyon Süresini Ölçmek için Yüksek İşLenme Yöntemi

Drosophila melanogaster provides an excellent model to study the genetic underpinnings of alcohol sensitivity. In contrast to studies in human ...

Davranış

Flypub To Study Ethanol Induced Behavioral Disinhibition and Sensitization

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) remains a serious problem in our society. To develop effective interventions for addiction, it is important to understand the underlying neurobiological mechanisms, for which diverse experimental approaches and model systems are needed. The main ingredient of alcoholic beverages is ethanol, which causes adaptive changes in the central nervous system and behavior upon chronic intake. Behavioral sensitization (i.e., escalated responses) in particular represents a key adaptive change underlying addiction. Most ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization studies in animal models have been conducted on the locomotor activating effect of ethanol. A prominent effect of ethanol is behavioral disinhibition. Behavioral sensitization to the disinhibition effect of ethanol, however, is underrepresented. To address this issue, we developed the Flypub assay that allows measuring the escalated increase in disinhibited courtship activities upon recurring ethanol exposure in Drosophila melanogaster.&#160;Here, we report the step-by-step Flypub assay including assembly of ethanol exposure chambers, setup of the assay station, criteria for fly care and collection, ethanol delivery, quantification of disinhibited courtship activities, data processing and statistical analysis. Also provided are how to troubleshoot critical steps, overcome limitations and expand its utility to assess additional ethanol-induced behaviors. The Flypub assay in combination with powerful genetic tools in Drosophila melanogaster will facilitate the task of discovering the mechanism underlying ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization.

The Flypub assay measures the behaviors that the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster displays under the influence of ethanol. The assay can be readily mastered by experimenters at all levels and applied to various vaporized stimuli, facilitating substance abuse and addiction studies.

Flypub Etanol Kaynaklı Davranış saldirisi ve Sensitizasyon Çalışma

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) remains a serious problem in our society. To develop effective interventions for addiction, it is important to understand the ...

Straightforward Assay for Quantification of Social Avoidance in Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster is an emerging model to study different aspects of social interactions. For example, flies avoid areas previously occupied by stressed conspecifics due to an odorant released during stress known as the Drosophila stress odorant (dSO). Through the use of the T-maze apparatus, one can quantify the avoidance of the dSO by responder flies in a very affordable and robust assay. Conditions necessary to obtain a strong performance are presented here. A stressful experience is necessary for the flies to emit dSO, as well as enough emitter flies to cause a robust avoidance response to the presence of dSO. Genetic background, but not their group size, strongly altered the avoidance of the dSO by the responder flies. Canton-S and Elwood display a higher performance in avoiding the dSO than Oregon and Samarkand strains. This behavioral assay will allow identification of mechanisms underlying this social behavior, and the assessment of the influence of genes and environmental conditions on both emission and avoidance of the dSO. Such an assay can be included in batteries of simple diagnostic tests used to identify social deficiencies of mutants or environmental conditions of interest.

Straightforward Assay for Quantification of Social Avoidance in Drosophila melanogaster

Here, we present a protocol to quantify the avoidance of stressed individuals. This paradigm is powerful yet user-friendly and can be used to assess the influence of genes and environment on one kind of social interaction in Drosophila melanogaster.

Sosyal Kaçınma Niceleme için Basit Testi<em&gt; Drosophila melanogaster</em

Drosophila melanogaster is an emerging model to study different aspects of social interactions. For example, flies avoid areas previously occupied by ...

An Assay for Measuring the Effects of Ethanol on the Locomotion Speed of Caenorhabditis elegans

Alcohol use disorders are a significant public health concern, for which there are few effective treatment strategies. One difficulty that has delayed the development of more effective treatments is the relative lack of understanding of the molecular underpinnings of the effects of ethanol on behavior. The nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans (C.&#160;elegans), provides a useful model in which to generate and test hypotheses about the molecular effects of ethanol. Here, we describe an assay that has been developed and used to examine the roles of particular genes and environmental factors in behavioral responses to ethanol, in which locomotion is the behavioral output. Ethanol dose-dependently causes an acute depression of crawling on an agar surface. The effects are dynamic; animals exposed to a high concentration demonstrate an initial strong depression of crawling, referred to here as initial sensitivity, and then partially recover locomotion speed despite the continued presence of the drug. This ethanol-induced behavioral plasticity is referred to here as the development of acute functional tolerance. This assay has been used to demonstrate that these two phenotypes are distinct and genetically separable. The straightforward locomotion assay described here is suitable for examining the effects of both genetic and environmental manipulations on these acute behavioral responses to ethanol in C.&#160;elegans.

An Assay for Measuring the Effects of Ethanol on the Locomotion Speed of Caenorhabditis elegans

C. elegans is a useful model for studying the effects of ethanol on behavior. We present a behavioral assay that quantifies the effects of ethanol on the locomotion speed of crawling worms; both initial sensitivity and the development of acute functional tolerance to ethanol can be measured with this assay.

Locomotion Speed ​​Etanol Etkilerinin Ölçülmesi için bir Testi<em&gt; Caenorhabditis elegans</em

Alcohol use disorders are a significant public health concern, for which there are few effective treatment strategies. One difficulty that has delayed the ...

A Simple Way to Measure Alterations in Reward-seeking Behavior Using Drosophila melanogaster

We describe a protocol for measuring ethanol self-administration in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) as a proxy for changes in reward states. We demonstrate a simple way to tap into the fly reward system, modify experiences related to natural reward, and use voluntary ethanol consumption as a measure for changes in reward states. The approach serves as a relevant tool to study the neurons and genes that play a role in experience-mediated changes of internal state. The protocol is composed of two discrete parts: exposing the flies to rewarding and nonrewarding experiences, and assaying voluntary ethanol consumption as a measure of the motivation to obtain a drug reward. The two parts can be used independently to induce the modulation of experience as an initial step for further downstream assays or as an independent two-choice feeding assay, respectively. The protocol does not require a complicated setup and can therefore be applied in any laboratory with basic fly culture tools.

A Simple Way to Measure Alterations in Reward-seeking Behavior Using Drosophila melanogaster

We describe a protocol for inducing rewarding and nonrewarding experiences in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) using voluntary ethanol consumption as a measure for changes in reward states.

Kullanımı Ödül arayan davranış değişiklikleri Tedbir Basit Yolu<em&gt; Drosophila melanogaster</em

We describe a protocol for measuring ethanol self-administration in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) as a proxy for changes in reward states. We ...

Etanol sedasyon Hassasiyet ve hızlı Hoşgörü Ölçüm Ucuz bir, Ölçeklenebilir Davranış Deneyi

Özet

Daha Fazla Video Keşfet

Bu videodaki bölümler

Davranış Endokrinoloji ve Deneysel İktisat birleştiren: Testosteron ve Sosyal Karar Verme

Sinekler Etanol Hassasiyet Tedbir Basit Yolu

Sıçanlarda Sakkaroz Craving Kuluçka değerlendirilmesi için Genel Bir Yöntem

Kemirgenler Faaliyet teker Running kayıt ve Sirkadiyen Rhythms Analizi

Flybar: Sineklerin için Alkol yönetme

Bireysel Drosophila melanogaster Alkol Sedasyon Süresini Ölçmek için Yüksek İşLenme Yöntemi

Flypub Etanol Kaynaklı Davranış saldirisi ve Sensitizasyon Çalışma

Sosyal Kaçınma Niceleme için Basit Testi

Locomotion Speed Etanol Etkilerinin Ölçülmesi için bir Testi

Kullanımı Ödül arayan davranış değişiklikleri Tedbir Basit Yolu

Etanol sedasyon Hassasiyet ve hızlı Hoşgörü Ölçüm Ucuz bir, Ölçeklenebilir Davranış Deneyi

Özet

Daha Fazla Video Keşfet

Bu videodaki bölümler

Davranış Endokrinoloji ve Deneysel İktisat birleştiren: Testosteron ve Sosyal Karar Verme

Sinekler Etanol Hassasiyet Tedbir Basit Yolu

Sıçanlarda Sakkaroz Craving Kuluçka değerlendirilmesi için Genel Bir Yöntem

Kemirgenler Faaliyet teker Running kayıt ve Sirkadiyen Rhythms Analizi

Flybar: Sineklerin için Alkol yönetme

Bireysel Drosophila melanogaster Alkol Sedasyon Süresini Ölçmek için Yüksek İşLenme Yöntemi

Flypub Etanol Kaynaklı Davranış saldirisi ve Sensitizasyon Çalışma

Sosyal Kaçınma Niceleme için Basit Testi

Locomotion Speed ​​Etanol Etkilerinin Ölçülmesi için bir Testi

Kullanımı Ödül arayan davranış değişiklikleri Tedbir Basit Yolu

Locomotion Speed Etanol Etkilerinin Ölçülmesi için bir Testi