These studies were supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse to M.G. (P20AA017828, R01AA020634, P50 AA022537). The authors thank Jill Bettinger for helpful discussions and Jacqueline DeLoyht for technical assistance.

1. Día Antes de Ensayo <ol><li> Recoger moscas en viales de alimentos frescos en grupos de 11 (solo sexo) bajo breve (1-5 min) CO 2. </li><li> Permitir que las moscas se recuperen O / N en viales de alimentos en un espacio con ambiente controlado (normalmente 25 ° C, humedad relativa del 60%, 12 horas de luz / oscuridad ciclo). </li><li> Preparar la solución de etanol (s) diluyendo puro (100%) de etanol en (≥18 MΩ) agua purificada hasta una concentración final (s) apropiado para el experimento planeado. Deje que la solución (s) para volver a RT O / N. Nota: La dilución de etanol es exotérmica. </li></ol> 2. Día de Ensayo <ol><li> Para cada vial de moscas a ensayar, preparar (i) un vial limpio y vacío de alimentos; es decir, las pruebas de vial, (ii) un nuevo tapón de acetato de celulosa, (iii) un tapón de silicona y (iv) 1 ml de solución de etanol (véase la Tabla 3). </li><li> Preparar sala de pruebas mediante el ajuste de la temperatura a 20-25 ° C y humedad relativa de 55-65%. </li><li> Haga que otro trabajadorasignar un código único a cada grupo de viales y registrar el código para más tarde. Colocar los viales codificados con moscas en sala de pruebas para aclimatarse durante unos minutos. </li><li> Etiquetar viales de ensayo vacías para que coincida con los códigos de los viales de la mosca de 2,3. </li><li> Construir un registro de las pruebas en papel mediante la introducción de los códigos en columnas (una columna / vial) en una hoja de cálculo similar a la Tabla 1. </li><li> Utilizando el registro de las pruebas como guía, organizar viales alimentos codificados con las moscas y los viales de prueba vacíos en juego matrices en la sala de pruebas. Nota: un número máximo razonable de viales para poner a prueba es de 24 (es decir, 6 juegos de 4 viales de cada uno). </li><li> Transferencia vuela desde viales de alimentos en pareados viales de ensayo vacío / etiquetados e inserte inmediatamente tapones de acetato de celulosa en viales de prueba hasta tapones de acetato de celulosa son 2 cm por debajo de la parte superior del vial. </li><li> De aquí en adelante, manejar cada fila de cuatro viales como un conjunto a intervalos escalonados min 1. </li><li> Para la evaluación de tiempo 0, sujete cada vial individual wITH pulgar y el dedo índice, toque suavemente sobre la mesa tres veces para golpear las moscas a la parte inferior del vial, espere 30 segundos y luego contar el número de moscas que son inmóviles / muerto. Anote el número de moscas inmóviles / muertas para cada vial en el tiempo 0 min en el registro de la prueba en papel. </li><li> Iniciar temporizador con cuenta de forma continua en el tiempo 0 y comenzar inmediatamente la adición de 1 ml de etanol a tapones de acetato de celulosa en los viales para la primera fila / juego de 4 viales. Añadir 1 ml de etanol para los tapones de acetato de celulosa en los viales a intervalos de 5 seg en el orden en que se pondrá a prueba. Añadir etanol para los tapones de acetato de celulosa en un movimiento circular de modo que el etanol se absorbe de manera uniforme a través de los tapones de acetato de celulosa. Cuando el etanol se ha añadido a todos los viales de prueba 4 en el conjunto, insertar un tapón de silicona en cada vial para sellarlo. </li><li> A veces 1, 2, 3, 4 y 5 minutos, añadir 1 ml de etanol para el segundo tercio cuarto, conjuntos, quinto y sexto de 4 viales, respectivamente. Continúe insertando tapones de silicona despuésadición de etanol a cada conjunto de 4 viales. </li><li> A la hora 6 minutos, probar la primera serie de 4 viales agarrando cada vial con el pulgar y el índice, golpeando suavemente sobre la mesa tres veces para golpear las moscas a la parte inferior del vial, espera 30 segundos y luego contar y registrar el número total de moscas que están sedados. Puntuación vuela como sedado si (i) se destacan en el suelo del vial, pero no caminan o (ii) se encuentran en la espalda con o sin batir sus alas. </li><li> Maneje cada vial dentro del conjunto a intervalos de 5 segundos con el horario en la Tabla 2. </li><li> A veces 7, 8, 9, 10 y 11 min, probar el segundo, tercero, cuarto, quinto y sexto juegos de viales, respectivamente, como se hizo para el primer set. </li><li> A la hora 12 min, probar la primera serie de 4 viales de nuevo como se describe en 2.12 y continuar probando la segunda tercera cuarta, conjuntos, quinto y sexto de viales a los 13, 14, 15, 16 y 17 minutos, respectivamente. </li><li> Continuar pruebas moscas como se describe en 2.12 hasta que todas las moscas son sedated. </li><li> Escriba el número total de moscas en cada vial en el registro de la prueba en papel. Censor moscas inmóviles / muertos en el tiempo 0 a partir del número total de moscas. </li><li> Calcular el porcentaje de moscas activas en cada punto de tiempo de evaluación y datos de la parcela como% moscas activos (eje y) en función del tiempo (eje x). Cuantificar la sedación etanol mediante la interpolación de Sedación Tiempo 50 valores (ST50, el tiempo a 50% sedación) de tercer orden curva polinómica o sigmoidal encaja o el cálculo del área bajo la curva. </li><li> Recopilar datos de viales decodificados y realizar análisis estadísticos (por ejemplo, un modelo lineal con Bonferroni test de comparación múltiple) según corresponda para el diseño experimental. </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

Ensayos sencillos que cuantifican reproducible fenotipos significativos son de gran valor para el análisis del comportamiento. El trabajo que se describe aquí aborda varios aspectos prácticos de un ensayo para medir la sensibilidad sedación etanol y rápida tolerancia en Drosophila. Aunque no es un tema central de este trabajo, análisis de comportamiento son facilitadas por el mantenimiento del medio ambiente y los antecedentes genéticos constante para los sujetos de prueba en un estudio. Además, por lo ...

Trastorno por consumo de alcohol (AUD) es un enorme problema de salud en todo el mundo (revisado en 1). Aunque los mecanismos que impulsan el desarrollo de AUD son complejos, estos trastornos tienen un componente genético importante (por ejemplo, 2). La gran heredabilidad de la AUD y las respuestas conductuales conservadas en etanol a través de muchas especies (revisado en 3,4) han generado un gran interés en el uso de organismos modelo genético para investigar la participación de genes específicos en los comportamientos relacionados con etanol hacia una mejor comprensión de las bases moleculares de AUD. La mosca de la fruta, Drosophila melanogaster, se ha convertido en un organismo líder en modelo para explorar los mecanismos moleculares genética de los comportamientos relacionados con etanol (revisado en 3,4). Los estudios en moscas han puesto de relieve los roles de varias vías de señalización en las respuestas conductuales a etanol (revisado en 5). Curiosamente, algunos de los genes y las vías que influir respons conductualeses a etanol en las moscas también se han implicado en los comportamientos relacionados con etanol de roedores y / o AUD humano (por ejemplo, 6-14). La conservación de los mecanismos de los comportamientos relacionados con la conducción de etanol a través de especies, junto con la suite de herramientas genéticas disponibles en el sistema modelo de Drosophila, ponen de relieve la utilidad del modelo de mosca de la fruta para la investigación de la genética de las respuestas de comportamiento a etanol. Sensibilidad 15,16 y la tolerancia (revisado en 17) a etanol en los seres humanos está relacionada con el desarrollo de AUD. Ambas de estas respuestas de comportamiento a etanol puede ser modelado en las moscas a través de una variedad de ensayos de laboratorio (revisado en 3,4). Todos los ensayos de moscas que se sabe que los autores se basan en cualquiera de tiempo-dependiente inducida por etanol sedación / falta de coordinación o de recuperación en función del tiempo de sedación etanol. En un artículo anterior de nuestro grupo sobre la genética de la sensibilidad de etanol y rtolerancia apid en Drosophila, se usó un ensayo de comportamiento basados ​​en etanol sedación inducida por vapor de moscas-18. Prueba en este ensayo se inició mediante la transferencia de adulto vivo vuela sin anestesia para vaciar viales de alimentos, atrapando las moscas en los viales con un tapón de acetato de celulosa, la adición de etanol a la parte superior (es decir, el lado no-fly) de la bujía de acetato de celulosa, y sellar el vial que contiene moscas, tapón de acetato de celulosa y el etanol con un tapón de silicona (véase el esquema de la Figura S3, referencia 18). Viales de múltiples que representan los diferentes grupos de moscas fueron evaluados en paralelo, aumentando el rendimiento de este ensayo. Los viales se les dio un código anónimo y experimentadores estaban cegados al grupo de tratamiento para evitar el sesgo no intencional en la evaluación de la sedación. En un experimento estándar, moscas en viales se golpeó suavemente a intervalos de 6 min y, después de una recuperación de 30 segundos, se contó y converte el número de moscas sedados en cada viald para ciento moscas activos. Las moscas absorben vapor de etanol a partir de la clavija de acetato de celulosa de una manera dependiente del tiempo, causando aumentos progresivos en etanol interno 18 y sedación (referencia cf 18 y la Figura 1A y 1B en este informe). Sedación en este ensayo se define operacionalmente como moscas (i) de pie en la ausencia de caminar o (ii) que se encuentra en la espalda con o sin batir sus alas. Aquí, este ensayo sedación etanol se describe en detalle, se proporciona una mayor optimización operativa relevante para su uso, y el ensayo se utiliza para tratar la contribución de opciones de administración de suplementos de alimentos sobre la sensibilidad a la sedación mosca.

<table><tbody><tr><td>food vials</td><td>VWR</td><td>89092-772</td><td>narrow</td></tr><tr><td>Flugs</td><td>Genesee/flystuff.com</td><td>49-102</td><td>narrow</td></tr><tr><td>silicone stopper</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>09-704-1l</td><td>#4</td></tr><tr><td>ethanol</td><td>Pharmaco-Aaper</td><td>111000200</td><td>200 proof</td></tr></tbody></table>

an inexpensive, scalable behavioral assay for measuring ethanol sedation sensitivity and rapid tolerance in drosophila

Trastorno por consumo de alcohol (AUD) es un grave problema de salud. A pesar de un gran componente hereditario AUD, algunos genes se han implicado de forma inequívoca en su etiología. La mosca de la fruta, Drosophila melanogaster, es un poderoso modelo para explorar los mecanismos moleculares que subyacen a los comportamientos genéticos relacionados con el alcohol y por lo tanto representa una gran promesa para la identificación y la comprensión de la función de los genes que influyen en AUD. El uso del modelo de Drosophila para estos tipos de estudios depende de la disponibilidad de ensayos que miden de forma fiable respuestas de comportamiento a etanol. Este informe describe un ensayo adecuado para evaluar la sensibilidad de etanol y rápida tolerancia en las moscas. Sensibilidad etanol medido en este ensayo está influenciada por el volumen y la concentración de etanol utilizado, una variedad de manipulaciones genéticas se informó anteriormente, y también la longitud de tiempo que las moscas se alojan sin alimentos inmediatamente antes de la prueba. En contraste, el etanol sensitivity medido en este ensayo no se ve afectada por el vigor de la manipulación de la mosca, el sexo de las moscas, y la suplementación de medio de crecimiento con antibióticos o levaduras vivas. Tres métodos diferentes para cuantificar la sensibilidad de etanol se describen, todo lo cual lleva a los resultados de sensibilidad etanol esencialmente indistinguibles. La naturaleza escalable de este ensayo, junto con su simplicidad general de puesta a punto y relativamente de bajo costo, lo hacen adecuado para el análisis genético pequeña y gran escala de sensibilidad etanol y rápida tolerancia en Drosophila.

Los datos brutos de este ensayo sedación etanol son los números de moscas que son sedados como una función de vapor de etanol tiempo de exposición. Los datos en bruto se convierten a las moscas por ciento activos como una función del tiempo (datos primarios, las figuras 1A, B, D - F). Sensibilidad a la sedación etanol a partir de los datos primarios se puede cuantificar como la sedación Tiempo 50 (ST50), el tiempo requerido para el 50% de las moscas para convertirse en sedado o A...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Inexpensive, Scalable Behavioral Assay for Measuring Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance in Drosophila at JoVE.com

An Inexpensive, Scalable Behavioral Assay for Measuring Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance in Drosophila

Straightforward assays for measuring ethanol sensitivity and rapid tolerance in Drosophila facilitate the use of this model organism for investigating these important ethanol-related behaviors. Here, a relatively simple, scalable assay for measuring ethanol sensitivity and rapid tolerance in flies is described.

Un ensayo de conducta Barato, escalable para medir etanol Sedación La sensibilidad y la tolerancia rápida en<em&gt; Drosophila</em

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a serious health challenge. Despite a large hereditary component to AUD, few genes have been unambiguously implicated in ...

an-inexpensive-scalable-behavioral-assay-for-measuring-ethanol

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

An Inexpensive, Scalable Behavioral Assay for Measuring Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance in Drosophila

10.2K vistas.  Virginia Commonwealth University. Straightforward assays for measuring ethanol sensitivity and rapid tolerance in Drosophila facilitate the use of this model organism for investigating these important ethanol-related behaviors. Here, a relatively simple, scalable assay for measuring ethanol sensitivity and rapid tolerance in flies is described.

Video: An Inexpensive, Scalable Behavioral Assay for Measuring Ethanol Sedation Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance in Drosophila

A Simple Way to Measure Ethanol Sensitivity in Flies

Low doses of ethanol cause flies to become hyperactive, while high doses are sedating. The sensitivity to ethanol-induced sedation of a given fly strain is correlated with that strain s ethanol preference, and therefore sedation is a highly relevant measure to study the genetics of alcohol responses and drinking. We demonstrate a simple way to expose flies to ethanol and measure its intoxicating effects. The assay we describe can determine acute sensitivity, as well as ethanol tolerance induced by repeat exposure. It does not require a technically involved setup, and can therefore be applied in any laboratory with basic fly culture tools.

A simple assay to measure the sedating effects of ethanol on Drosophila flies, based on the loss of righting reflex, is described.

Una manera sencilla de medir la sensibilidad de etanol en las moscas

Low doses of ethanol cause flies to become hyperactive, while high doses are sedating. The sensitivity to ethanol-induced sedation of a given fly strain ...

Investigación

Neurociencias

Methods to Assay Drosophila Behavior

Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, has been used to study molecular mechanisms of a wide range of human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and various neurological diseases1. We have optimized simple and robust behavioral assays for determining larval locomotion, adult climbing ability (RING assay), and courtship behaviors of Drosophila. These behavioral assays are widely applicable for studying the role of genetic and environmental factors on fly behavior. Larval crawling ability can be reliably used for determining early stage changes in the crawling abilities of Drosophila larvae and also for examining effect of drugs or human disease genes (in transgenic flies) on their locomotion. The larval crawling assay becomes more applicable if expression or abolition of a gene causes lethality in pupal or adult stages, as these flies do not survive to adulthood where they otherwise could be assessed. This basic assay can also be used in conjunction with bright light or stress to examine additional behavioral responses in Drosophila larvae. Courtship behavior has been widely used to investigate genetic basis of sexual behavior, and can also be used to examine activity and coordination, as well as learning and memory. Drosophila courtship behavior involves the exchange of various sensory stimuli including visual, auditory, and chemosensory signals between males and females that lead to a complex series of well characterized motor behaviors culminating in successful copulation. Traditional adult climbing assays (negative geotaxis) are tedious, labor intensive, and time consuming, with significant variation between different trials2-4. The rapid iterative negative geotaxis (RING) assay5 has many advantages over more widely employed protocols, providing a reproducible, sensitive, and high throughput approach to quantify adult locomotor and negative geotaxis behaviors. In the RING assay, several genotypes or drug treatments can be tested simultaneously using large number of animals, with the high-throughput approach making it more amenable for screening experiments.

Methods to Assay Drosophila Behavior

Drosophila melanogaster is a genetically and behaviorally tractable model system that has been used to understand the molecular and cellular basis of many important biological processes for over a century 1. Drosophila has been well exploited to gain insights into the genetic basis of fly behavior.

Métodos de ensayo a Drosophila Comportamiento

Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, has been used to study molecular mechanisms of a wide range of human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular ...

The FlyBar: Administering Alcohol to Flies

Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) are an established model for both alcohol research and circadian biology. Recently, we showed that the circadian clock modulates alcohol sensitivity, but not the formation of tolerance. Here, we describe our protocol in detail. Alcohol is administered to the flies using the FlyBar. In this setup, saturated alcohol vapor is mixed with humidified air in set proportions, and administered to the flies in four tubes simultaneously. Flies are reared under standardized conditions in order to minimize variation between the replicates. Three-day old flies of different genotypes or treatments are used for the experiments, preferably by matching flies of two different time points (e.g., CT 5 and CT 17) making direct comparisons possible. During the experiment, flies are exposed for 1 hr&#160;to the pre-determined percentage of alcohol vapor and the number of flies that exhibit the Loss of Righting reflex (LoRR) or sedation are counted every 5 min. The data can be analyzed using three different statistical approaches. The first is to determine the time at which 50% of the flies have lost their righting reflex and use an Analysis of the Variance (ANOVA) to determine whether significant differences exist between time points. The second is to determine the percentage flies that show LoRR after a specified number of minutes, followed by an ANOVA analysis. The last method is to analyze the whole times series using multivariate statistics. The protocol can also be used for non-circadian experiments or comparisons between genotypes.

Drosophila has emerged as a significant model system for dissecting the cellular and molecular underpinnings of behavioral responses to alcohol. Here we present a protocol for the collection of alcohol sensitivity data in a circadian context that can be easily applied to other experiments and is well-suited for undergraduate research.

La barra estabilizadora: Administración de Alcohol para moscas

Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) are an established model for both alcohol research and circadian biology. Recently, we showed that the circadian ...

A Single-fly Assay for Foraging Behavior in Drosophila

For many animals, hunger promotes changes in the olfactory system in a manner that facilitates the search for appropriate food sources. In this video article, we describe an automated assay to measure the effect of hunger or satiety on olfactory dependent food search behavior in the adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. In a light-tight box illuminated by red light that is invisible to fruit flies, a camera linked to custom data acquisition software monitors the position of six flies simultaneously. Each fly is confined to walk in individual arenas containing a food odor at the center. The testing arenas rest on a porous floor that functions to prevent odor accumulation. Latency to locate the odor source, a metric that reflects olfactory sensitivity under different physiological states, is determined by software analysis. Here, we discuss the critical mechanics of running this behavioral paradigm and cover specific issues regarding fly loading, odor contamination, assay temperature, data quality, and statistical analysis.

A Single-fly Assay for Foraging Behavior in Drosophila

In this video article, we describe an automated assay to measure the effect of hunger or satiety on olfactory dependent food search behavior in the adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.

Un ensayo de una sola mosca por el comportamiento de forrajeo en<em&gt; Drosophila</em

For many animals, hunger promotes changes in the olfactory system in a manner that facilitates the search for appropriate food sources. In this video ...

High-Throughput Method for Measuring Alcohol Sedation Time of Individual Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster provides an excellent model to study the genetic underpinnings of alcohol sensitivity. In contrast to studies in human populations, the Drosophila model allows strict control over genetic background, and virtually unlimited numbers of individuals of the same genotype can be reared rapidly under well-controlled environmental conditions without regulatory restrictions and at relatively low cost. Flies exposed to ethanol undergo physiological and behavioral changes that resemble human alcohol intoxication, including loss of postural control, sedation, and development of tolerance. Here, we describe a simple, low-cost, high-throughput assay for assessing alcohol sedation sensitivity in large numbers of single flies. The assay is based on video recording of single flies introduced without anesthesia in 24-well cell culture plates in a set-up that enables synchronous initiation of alcohol exposure. The system enables a single person to collect individual ethanol sedation data on as many as 2,000 flies within an 8 h work period. The assay can, in principle, be extended to assess the effects of exposure to any volatile substance and applied to measure effects of acute toxicity of volatiles on other insects, including other fly species.

High-Throughput Method for Measuring Alcohol Sedation Time of Individual Drosophila melanogaster

Current methods to measure alcohol sensitivity in Drosophila are designed to test groups of flies. We present a simple, low-cost, high-throughput assay for assessing alcohol sedation sensitivity in large numbers of single flies. The method does not require specialized tools and can be performed in any laboratory using common materials.

Método de alto rendimiento para medir el tiempo de sedación del alcohol de la Drosophila melanogaster individual

Drosophila melanogaster provides an excellent model to study the genetic underpinnings of alcohol sensitivity. In contrast to studies in human ...

Comportamiento

Flypub To Study Ethanol Induced Behavioral Disinhibition and Sensitization

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) remains a serious problem in our society. To develop effective interventions for addiction, it is important to understand the underlying neurobiological mechanisms, for which diverse experimental approaches and model systems are needed. The main ingredient of alcoholic beverages is ethanol, which causes adaptive changes in the central nervous system and behavior upon chronic intake. Behavioral sensitization (i.e., escalated responses) in particular represents a key adaptive change underlying addiction. Most ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization studies in animal models have been conducted on the locomotor activating effect of ethanol. A prominent effect of ethanol is behavioral disinhibition. Behavioral sensitization to the disinhibition effect of ethanol, however, is underrepresented. To address this issue, we developed the Flypub assay that allows measuring the escalated increase in disinhibited courtship activities upon recurring ethanol exposure in Drosophila melanogaster.&#160;Here, we report the step-by-step Flypub assay including assembly of ethanol exposure chambers, setup of the assay station, criteria for fly care and collection, ethanol delivery, quantification of disinhibited courtship activities, data processing and statistical analysis. Also provided are how to troubleshoot critical steps, overcome limitations and expand its utility to assess additional ethanol-induced behaviors. The Flypub assay in combination with powerful genetic tools in Drosophila melanogaster will facilitate the task of discovering the mechanism underlying ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization.

The Flypub assay measures the behaviors that the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster displays under the influence of ethanol. The assay can be readily mastered by experimenters at all levels and applied to various vaporized stimuli, facilitating substance abuse and addiction studies.

Flypub para estudiar la desinhibición conductual inducida por etanol y la sensibilización

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) remains a serious problem in our society. To develop effective interventions for addiction, it is important to understand the ...

Avances en los tratamientos de los trastornos del sueño: un enfoque de detección basado en Drosophila

High-Throughput Small Molecule Drug Screening For Age-Related Sleep Disorders Using Drosophila melanogaster

Sleep, an essential component of health and overall well-being, often presents challenges for older individuals who frequently experience sleep disorders characterized by shortened sleep duration and fragmented patterns. These sleep disruptions also correlate with an increased risk of various illnesses in the elderly, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and psychological disorders. Unfortunately, existing drugs for sleep disorders are associated with significant side effects such as cognitive impairment and addiction. Consequently, the development of new, safer, and more effective sleep disorder medications is urgently needed. However, the high cost and lengthy experimental duration of current drug screening methods remain limiting factors.
This protocol describes a cost-effective and high-throughput screening method that utilizes Drosophila melanogaster, a species with a highly conserved sleep regulation mechanism compared to mammals, making it an ideal model for studying sleep disorders in the elderly. By administering various small compounds to aged flies, we can assess their effects on sleep disorders. The sleep behaviors of these flies are recorded using an infrared monitoring device and analyzed with the open-source data package Sleep and Circadian Analysis MATLAB Program 2020 (SCAMP2020). This protocol offers a low-cost, reproducible, and efficient screening approach for sleep regulation. Fruit flies, due to their short life cycle, low husbandry cost, and ease of handling, serve as excellent subjects for this method. As an illustration, Reserpine, one of the tested drugs, demonstrated the ability to promote sleep duration in elderly flies, highlighting the effectiveness of this protocol.

Autor destacado: Superación de los desafíos en la medición del sueño de Drosophila utilizando el sistema DAM 

Presented is a protocol for high-throughput drug screening to improve sleep by monitoring the sleep behavior of fruit flies in an elderly Drosophila model.

Detección de fármacos de moléculas pequeñas de alto rendimiento para trastornos del sueño relacionados con la edad con Drosophila melanogaster

Sleep, an essential component of health and overall well-being, often presents challenges for older individuals who frequently experience sleep disorders ...

Straightforward Assay for Quantification of Social Avoidance in Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster is an emerging model to study different aspects of social interactions. For example, flies avoid areas previously occupied by stressed conspecifics due to an odorant released during stress known as the Drosophila stress odorant (dSO). Through the use of the T-maze apparatus, one can quantify the avoidance of the dSO by responder flies in a very affordable and robust assay. Conditions necessary to obtain a strong performance are presented here. A stressful experience is necessary for the flies to emit dSO, as well as enough emitter flies to cause a robust avoidance response to the presence of dSO. Genetic background, but not their group size, strongly altered the avoidance of the dSO by the responder flies. Canton-S and Elwood display a higher performance in avoiding the dSO than Oregon and Samarkand strains. This behavioral assay will allow identification of mechanisms underlying this social behavior, and the assessment of the influence of genes and environmental conditions on both emission and avoidance of the dSO. Such an assay can be included in batteries of simple diagnostic tests used to identify social deficiencies of mutants or environmental conditions of interest.

Straightforward Assay for Quantification of Social Avoidance in Drosophila melanogaster

Here, we present a protocol to quantify the avoidance of stressed individuals. This paradigm is powerful yet user-friendly and can be used to assess the influence of genes and environment on one kind of social interaction in Drosophila melanogaster.

Ensayo sencillo para cuantificación de Prevención Social en<em&gt; Drosophila melanogaster</em

Drosophila melanogaster is an emerging model to study different aspects of social interactions. For example, flies avoid areas previously occupied by ...

Un ensayo de conducta Barato, escalable para medir etanol Sedación La sensibilidad y la tolerancia rápida en

Resumen

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