Name: a possible zebrafish model of polycystic kidney disease: knockdown of wnt5a causes cysts in zebrafish kidneys
Uploaded: 2014-12-02T11:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 10 min 51 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Possible Zebrafish Model of Polycystic Kidney Disease: Knockdown of wnt5a Causes Cysts in Zebrafish Kidneys at JoVE.com

Bu eser (LH DK093625 ve DK069909 ve DK047757 JHL için) NIH tarafından desteklenen ve VA (Başarı Ödülü JHL için I01BX000820). Biz gerekli desteği sağlamak için Pennsylvania Zebra balığı Core Üniversitesi&#39;nden Dr. Michael Paketi ve Dr Jie He teşekkür etmek istiyorum.

NOT: Etik Açıklama: Tüm zebrabalıkları deneyler Eastern Virginia Medical School Kurumsal Hayvan Bakım ve Kullanım Kurulu tarafından kabul edildi. 1. Morfolino Hazırlık <ol><li> (Şekil 1A), üreticinin talimatlarına uygun olarak söz konusu gen için tasarım ve sentez için engelleme (AUG-) ve ek yeri engelleyici (Splice-), anti-sens morfolino (MO) oligonükleotidleri. Tablo 1&#39;de üreticinin bilgilerine bakın lütfen. NOT: MOs cam şişelerde liyofilize hisse senetleri olarak sevk edilir. </li><li> 25 ug / ml&#39;lik bir son konsantrasyona kadar MOS yeniden askıya cam şişelere yüksek dereceli steril su ekle. Oligonükleotid tamamen eriyene emin olun. Bazı katı kalıntılar ise, 5 kısaca dk ve vorteks 10 için 65 ° C&#39;de stok oligonükleotid çözeltisi içeren flakon ısı. </li><li> Oda sıcaklığında MO stok solüsyonu saklayın. 4 ° C veya -20 ° C&#39;de saklayın etmeyinC daha düşük sıcaklıklar MO oligonükleotid konteyner duvarına bağlamak için neden olabilir çünkü. Bir spektrofotometre kullanılarak stok çözeltisinin konsantrasyonunu ölçmek, yeni bir MO stok çözeltisi yapılan her zaman (Tablo1 bakınız). </li><li> Istenen doz, yüksek dereceli steril su ile stok çözelti seyreltilerek enjeksiyonu gününde, MO çalışma çözeltisi hazırlayın. % 0.05&#39;lik bir konsantrasyon elde etmek üzere% 0.5 fenol-kırmızı ekleyin. Örneğin, 15 ng / nL bir konsantrasyon ile 5 ul çalışma solüsyon elde etmek amacıyla 3 ul MO stok çözeltisi ve 0.5 ul% 0.5 fenol kırmızısı su, 1.5 ul ekle. NOT: Bu çalışma konsantrasyonu ile enjeksiyon her damla (500 pl) MO 7.5 ng içerir ve iki damla MO 15 ng içerir. </li></ol> Enjeksiyon Aparatı 2. Hazırlık <ol><li> Satınalma cam (Ayrıntılı bilgi için bakınız Tablo 1 lütfen) iğneler önceden çekti. Alternatif olarak, cam enjeksiyon iğnesi wi çekinBir iğne çektirmesi inci. </li><li> Hava kompresörü açın ve 50 psi basınç ayarı ayarlayın. Diseksiyon mikroskobu ışık kaynağı ve Pico mikro-enjeksiyon pompası açın ve aşağıdaki gibi ayarları: basıncı 20 psi tutun, basınç 10 psi, yolluk 2,5 ve 100 mikro saniye aralığı süresi değerini çıkarma. </li><li> Enjeksiyon çözeltisi 5 ul camını önceden çekti iğne yükleyin ve ucu aşağı bakacak şekilde dikey konumda iğne yerleştirin. Tüm çözüm görünür hava kabarcıkları ile iğne ucu ulaşana kadar bekleyin. Mikroskop yanında uygun bir konumda iğne tutucu yerleştirin ve tutucu içine cam iğne yerleştirin. 45 derece enjeksiyon açısını ayarlayın. </li><li> Yüksek sahneden, mikroskop altında görünümü içine iğne ucu getir, ve ucu ince bölgeye odaklanmak. İnce nokta cımbız ile iğne ucu kırın. </li><li> Bir cetvel ve mikroskop altında yan 0,15 mm tarafının iç çapa sahip bir kılcal tüp yerleştirin;bir sıvı sütununu yapmak için kılcal borunun bir ucuna solüsyonu enjekte edilir. 1 mm uzunluk sıvı kolon başına her 17 damla ulaşmak için çıkarma zamanı ayarlayın, daha sonra her damla hacmi 1 nl sıvı sütunun = π x yarıçapı 2 x uzunluk (damla hacmi () damla / sayımı () &#39;dir. Not: 0.1 mm bir çapı olan bir damla 500 ul bir enjeksiyon hacmi (damla hacmi = 4/3 x π X yarıçapı 3) elde edilir. </li></ol> Morpholinos 3. döllenmiş Zebra balığı Embriyolar hazırlanması ve Enjeksiyon <ol><li> Standart Zebra balığı yetiştiriciliği ve bakım için yayınlanan protokollere göre transgenik zebra balığı üreyen: Tg (GFP wt1b) ayarlayın. Doğal yumurtlama sonra embriyolar toplamak ve E3 su ile dolu bir 10 cm Petri için (5 mM NaCI, 0.17mm KCI, 0.33 mM CaCl2, 0.33 mM MgSO 4) &#39;de muhafaza edin. Hemen 13 MO enjeksiyon başlatın. Mikroskop altında embriyo morfolojisi izlemek ve emin olun MO enjeksiyon tek olanHücre sahne, ya da dört-hücre aşamasında daha sonra. <ol><li> Ile 10 cm&#39;lik bir petri tabağına embriyoların transferi olukları agar kama şeklinde tasarlanmış olmasıdır. Ekstra E3 suyu aspire ve yavaşça olukları içine embriyolar basın. </li><li> Mikroskop altında 1-hücre aşaması embriyo görselleştirmek için mikropipet ile embriyolar işleyin. Yumurta sarısı (1 damla = 500 ul) içine MO bir iki damla enjekte koryon ve yumurta sarısı nüfuz. E3 su ile 10 cm&#39;lik petri enjekte embriyolar transfer ve 28.5 ° C&#39;de inkübe. </li></ol></li><li> Enjeksiyondan sonra, ölü embriyolar kaldırmak ve enjekte edilen embriyoların sayısını kaydetmek. Çanak, her 24 ila 48 saat içinde E3 suyu değiştirin. </li></ol> 4. Fenotip Kurtarma Deneyler <ol><li> Kurtarma MO dayanıklı nedenle, farklı bir birincil baz çifti yapısı (genellikle 3-7 baz çifti uyumsuzlukları) sahiptir ve başka türlerden, bir ortolog seçin. Örneğin, bu deneyde, seçtikfare fare Wnt5a mRNA dizisi Zebra balığı diziden farklı olduğu için. </li><li> Ileri primer translasyon sitesi ve mRNA kodlama bölgesinin sonuna yakın bir ters primer olarak başlayan bir primer tasarımı. Ileri primer dizisinin 5&#39;-ucunda, bir T7 yükseltici seri ekleyin. Bu deneyde, aşağıdaki primer dizileri kullanılır; ileri: 5&#39;taa tac gac tca cta etiketi gga cta TGA tgc tgc TGA agc TGA a- 3 &#39;ve ters: 5&#39;tca CTT DHA gac gta ctg gtc- 3&#39;. </li><li> Yukarıda tasarlanmış bir primer grubu (her bir primerden 0.5 uM) ve Aşağıdaki PCR programı ile fare Wnt5a cDNA sekansını ihtiva eden 0.1 ug şablon DNA ile birlikte 50 ul Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (PCR) yapın: 5 dakika boyunca 95 ° C &#39;de 1 döngü; 95 ° C (30 saniye), 58.5 ° C (30 saniye), 72 ° C (1 dakika) 35 döngü; ve son uzatma adımı, 7 dakika boyunca 72 ° C&#39;de dayanıklılığı. </li><li> T bitirdikten sonraO döngüsü, bant doğru boyutta olduğundan emin olmak için% 1 agaroz jel üzerinde PCR ürünü 2 ul çalıştırın. Üreticinin talimatlarına uygun olarak bir PCR saflaştırma kiti ile PCR ürünü saflaştırılır. Bir spektrofotometre ile DNA konsantrasyonu kontrol edin. -20 ° C&#39;de saflaştırılmış PCR ürünü depolamak ya da doğrudan bir sonraki aşamada başlıklı RNA transkripsiyonu kullanın. </li><li> Üreticinin talimatlarına göre bir başlıklı bir RNA sentez takımı ile mRNA başlıklı in vitro sentez. 20 ul RNazsız su içinde seyreltilir ve mRNA konsantrasyonunu belirlemek. -80 ° C de, RNA ve mağaza alikosu. </li><li> Enjeksiyon gününde, RNaz içermeyen steril su ile bir mRNA çalışma çözeltisi hazırlayın. 40 ug RNA, spesifik ya da toksik etkilere yol açmaz olan en yüksek doz genel olarak bir RNA olduğuna dikkat edin. Buz üzerinde çalışma çözüm tutun. MO ile embriyo ve daha sonra kurtarma mRNA, enjekte veya birlikte hem eş-enjekte. Örneğin, mRNA HAZIRLIK konsantrasyonuHer bir enjeksiyonun aşama 4.5 ed 0.08 ug / ul son konsantrasyon için RNazsız su içinde 4.33 ul mRNA (0.4 ug), 0.67 ul, 0.6 ug / ml, sonra bir damla (500 ul) 40 ug içeren mRNA. Aşama 3&#39;te tarif edildiği gibi MO hazırlayın. </li></ol> Floresan Görüntüleme Enjekte Embriyolar 5. hazırlanması <ol><li> 28.5 ° CO kuluçkalandıktan sonra / N, floresan mikroskopi kullanılarak pronephros yapının gözlenmesini etki melanization önlemek için E3 su ile% 0.003, N-feniltiyoüre (PTU) ekleyin. Erken embriyo gelişimini etkiler çünkü Ancak, gastrulasyon önce PTU eklemeyin. </li><li> 48 hpf, elle ince cımbız ile embriyolar dechorionate. Bir ışık diseksiyon mikroskobu altında 48 ve 72 hpf embriyoların görüntüleri çekmek. NOT: Bu resimler anestezi olmadan alınabilir. </li><li> , Flöresanlı mikroskop altında görüntüleme yerleştirerek embriyolar anestezi için yaklaşık 10 dakika önce160 ug / ml tampon Tricaine içeren 10 cm&#39;lik bir petri kabı. 5-10 dakika bekleyin, sonra hafifçe hareket etmeyecek ve bu nedenle anestezi çalıştığını onaylamak için zebrafish dokunun. </li><li> Embriyolar anestezi sonra, (Tablo 1 bakınız)% 3 metil selüloz onları monte ve onları mikroskop altında yüzüstü pozisyonda yönlendirmek. </li><li> Bir floresan mikroskop altında pronephros yapısını dikkate alınmalıdır (Tablo 1 bakınız) ve farklı büyütme (10X ve 20X) ile fotoğraf çekmek. </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

Polikistik böbrek hastalığı (PKD) insanlarda son dönem böbrek hastalığının önde gelen nedenlerinden biridir ve ilerici kist oluşumu, böbrek genişlemesi, ve anormal tübül geliştirme 14 ile karakterizedir. Otozomal dominant PKD (polikistik böbrek), genetik hastalık olan ya PKD1 mutasyonu, polikistin-1 (PC1) veya PKD2 kodlayan polikistin-2 (PC2) kodlayan, polikistik böbrek sonuçlanır. Diğer birçok gen, birincil cilium bulunan proteinleri kodlayan özellikle, böbrek kist gelişimi dahil o...

Balığı (Danio rerio) embriyo yaygın böbrek gelişim ve polikistik böbrek hastalığı çalışmak için bir model olarak kullanılmıştır. Orada bir hayvan modeli olarak zebrafish kullanarak pek çok avantajı vardır: genetik etkileşimlerin incelenmesinde fizibilite protein demonte için antisens morpholinos (MO) kullanma yeteneği fırsat hızlı bir şekilde embriyo sayıda tahlil edilmesi ve organ fenotipleri görüntüleme kolaylığı larva 1 yaşayan. pronephros omurgalılarda geliştirmek için ilk böbrek ve larva zebrafish 2 işlevseldir. zebra balığı pronephros yapısının memeli metanephros nispeten basit karşılaştırıldığında, üçüncü ve son böbrek, memelilerde geliştirmektir. nefron zor tek nefron yapısını gözlemlemek için yapım, 500,000-1,000,000 nefron 3,4 ve yaklaşık 13.000 nefron 5 olan her bir fare böbrek arasındaki içeren her insan böbreği ile, böbrek çalışma birimi in insan ya da fare böbrekler. zebra balığı iki nefron vardır ve her zebra balığı nefron glomerülleri ve fareler ve insanlarda 6 ve benzeri özelleştirilmiş böbrek hücre tiplerinin tübüllerde bulunan tüm ana bileşenleri içerir. Kapalı bir sistem 7 çünkü böyle Xenopus gibi diğer omurgalı modellere göre, zebra balığı nefron daha yakından memeli nefron benzer. Son yıllarda, zebra balığı genom genetik araçlar, geniş mutan kaynakları ve zebra balığı modelleri transgenik raportör hatları koleksiyonları geniş giriş sağlayan dizilenmiştir. 12-72 saat sonra döllenme (hpf) arasında Zebra balığı pronephros formları şeffaf embriyolar kolayca görülebilir. Wilm tümörü proteini WT1 böbrek gelişimi için önemli bir faktördür. Wt1b promoteri Tg kontrolü altında yeşil floresan protein (GFP) ifade eden transjenik zebrabalıkları hatları (wt1b GFP) GFP Expre göstermektedirsalgılanması, özellikle 17 hpf 8 başlayarak, Zebra balığı embriyolarının Pronephric bölgelerde yer. Nefronofitizi (NPHP), otozomal resesif kistik böbrek hastalığı, NPHP genlerinin 9 mutasyonlar neden olur. (Wt1b GFP) morfolino tarafından demonte NPHP4 Tg kist oluşumuna yol açtı. Balık 10 Bu nedenle, bu transjenik balık böbrek gelişimi esnasında böbrek yapıları ve kist oluşumunun gözlenmesi için uygun bir modeldir. Daha da önemlisi, böbrek gelişim modülatörlerinin etkisi, zaman ve iş gücü verimli bir şekilde, bu suşu kullanılarak incelenebilir. Gen modülasyonu sonrası böbrek kist oluşumuna görselleştirmek için bir model olarak, balık: Bizim kağıt Tg (GFP wt1b) kullanımını tarif etmektedir. Biz zebrafish Wnt5a geni yıkmak için başlangıç ​​ve bağlayıcı sitesi, anti-duyu MOS kullanılır. Wnt5a çeşitli organ ve hücre sonrası gelişiminde önemli bir rol oynar, Wnt ailesinin bir kanonik salgılanan bir glikoprotein olup,Fonksiyon 11. Wnt5a renal tübüler uzama esnasında yönlendirilmiş hücre bölünmesi bir rol oynadığı tespit edilmiştir düzlemsel hücre polarite (PCP) yol da dahil olmak üzere olmayan doğal Wnt yollar üzerinden çalışır. Wnt5a, bundan başka Vangl2 stabilite 12 teşvik VANGL düzlemsel hücre kutup protein 2 (Vangl2) ile bir kompleks oluşturarak Wnt5a sinyal çeviren tirozin kinaz benzeri reseptör (Ryk) ile bir kompleks oluşturarak Wnt / PCP yolu düzenler. PCP yolunda kusurlar rastgele hücre bölünmesi sonucu ve böbrek kist oluşumuna neden olabilir. Wnt5a demonte aşağıdaki böbrek kist oluşumunu gözlemlemek için Zebra balığı çizgi: Biz Tg (GFP wt1b) kullanılır. Tg (wt1b: GFP) Zebra balığı modeli canlı görüntüleme ve böbrek yapısının zamanında gözlem izin verir. Wnt5a demonte sonra, böbrek kist oluşumu 24 hpf başlayan bulundu; 72 hpf, kistler glomeruli ve proksimal tübüllerde bulunamadı. Bu yöntem aynı zamanda s kullanılabilirböbrek kist oluşumuna neden olabilir creen diğer genler.

<table><tbody><tr><td>0.5% Phenol-Red</td><td>Sigma</td><td>P0290</td><td>Color indicator for injection</td></tr><tr><td>Morpholino</td><td>Genn Tools, LLC</td><td>(customized)</td><td>Customized designed to the gene of interest</td></tr><tr><td>Pre-pulled needle</td><td>Tritech Research</td><td>MINJ-PP</td><td>If large amount of needle is required, you can also purchase a needle puller and prepare the needle in the lab</td></tr><tr><td>T7 mMessage Kit</td><td>Ambion</td><td>1344</td><td>For in vitro transcription to make capped mRNA for rescue experiment</td></tr><tr><td>N-Phenylthiourea</td><td>Sigma</td><td>P7629</td><td>For prevention of melanization</td></tr><tr><td>Tricaine</td><td>Sigma</td><td>A5040</td><td>Also called ethyl 3-aminobenzoate, for zebrafish anesthesia</td></tr><tr><td>Methyl Cellulose</td><td>Sigma</td><td>M-0387</td><td>For position of zebrafish&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>QIAquick PCR Purification Kit&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Qiagen</td><td>28104</td><td>For purification of PCR product for cap RNA synthesis.</td></tr><tr><td>dNTP mix</td><td>Promega</td><td>U1511</td><td>For PCR</td></tr><tr><td>Tag DNA Polymerase</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>10342-053</td><td>For PCR</td></tr><tr><td>NanoDrop spectrophotometer</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>ND-1000</td><td>For measure morpholino and RNA concentration</td></tr><tr><td>Air Compressor</td><td>Werther International, Inc.</td><td>Panther Compact 106</td><td>Air source for injection</td></tr><tr><td>Pico micro-injection pump</td><td>World Precision Instruments Inc</td><td>PV830 Pnematic PicoPump</td><td>Other types of microinjection system can be used.</td></tr><tr><td>Micro-manuplator</td><td>World Precision Instruments Inc</td><td>MMJR</td><td>Right-handed (MMJL for left handed)</td></tr><tr><td>Needle holder</td><td>World Precision Instruments Inc</td><td>5430-ALL</td><td>To hold needle for micromanipulation</td></tr><tr><td>Dumont Tweezers</td><td>Fine Surgical Tools</td><td>11253-20</td><td>For breaking off the needle tip</td></tr><tr><td>Dissecting microscope</td><td>Leica M205C&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td>For observing and imaging zebrafish embryos</td></tr><tr><td>Fluorscence microscope</td><td>Zeiss Axio Obserer D1m &amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td>For imaging zebrafish pronephros</td></tr><tr><td>Capillary tube (I.D. 0.15 mm)</td><td>VitroCom</td><td>CV1525Q-100</td><td>For measure the volume of each injected drop</td></tr></tbody></table>

a possible zebrafish model of polycystic kidney disease: knockdown of wnt5a causes cysts in zebrafish kidneys

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is one of the most common causes of end-stage kidney disease, a devastating disease for which there is no cure. The molecular mechanisms leading to cyst formation in PKD remain somewhat unclear, but many genes are thought to be involved. Wnt5a is a non-canonical glycoprotein that regulates a wide range of developmental processes. Wnt5a works through the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway that regulates oriented cell division during renal tubular cell elongation. Defects of the PCP pathway have been found to cause kidney cyst formation. Our paper describes a method for developing a zebrafish cystic kidney disease model by knockdown of the wnt5a gene with wnt5a antisense morpholino (MO) oligonucleotides. Tg(wt1b:GFP) transgenic zebrafish were used to visualize kidney structure and kidney cysts following wnt5a knockdown. Two distinct antisense MOs (AUG - and splice-site) were used and both resulted in curly tail down phenotype and cyst formation after wnt5a knockdown. Injection of mouse Wnt5a mRNA, resistant to the MOs due to a difference in primary base pair structure, rescued the abnormal phenotype, demonstrating that the phenotype was not due to &#8220;off-target&#8221; effects of the morpholino. This work supports the validity of using a zebrafish model to study wnt5a function in the kidney.

Wnt5a yıkmak çeviri MO engelleme getirerek elde edildi (Ağustos-MO) veya bir hücre aşamada Zebra balığı embriyolarının için ekson / intron sınır ekleme MO (ekleme-MO). Ağustos-MO nedenle, hem anne ve zigotik Wnt5a mesajını engeller, başlangıç ​​kodonu hedef ve. ek yeri MO, üçüncü parça verici bölge hedef ve Wnt5a (Şekil 1A) yalnızca zigotik transkript inhibe eder. AUG- ve splice- morphants kıvırcık kuyruk altındaki vücut ekseni ve kalp çevresi ödem...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Possible Zebrafish Model of Polycystic Kidney Disease: Knockdown of wnt5a Causes Cysts in Zebrafish Kidneys at JoVE.com

A Possible Zebrafish Model of Polycystic Kidney Disease: Knockdown of wnt5a Causes Cysts in Zebrafish Kidneys

We describe a method of generating a possible zebrafish model of polycystic kidney disease. We used Tg(wt1b:GFP) fish to visualize kidney structure. Knockdown of wnt5a was by morpholino injection. Pronephric cyst formation after wnt5a knockdown was observed in this GFP transgenic zebrafish.

Polikistik Böbrek Hastalığı Olası Zebra balığı Modeli: demonte<em&gt; Wnt5a</em&gt; Zebra balığı Böbrekler Kistler Nedenler

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is one of the most common causes of end-stage kidney disease, a devastating disease for which there is no cure. The ...

a-possible-zebrafish-model-polycystic-kidney-disease-knockdown-wnt5a

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

A Possible Zebrafish Model of Polycystic Kidney Disease: Knockdown of wnt5a Causes Cysts in Zebrafish Kidneys

11.1K Görüntüleme.  Eastern Virginia Medical School. We describe a method of generating a possible zebrafish model of polycystic kidney disease. We used Tg(wt1b:GFP) fish to visualize kidney structure. Knockdown of wnt5a was by morpholino injection. Pronephric cyst formation after wnt5a knockdown was observed in this GFP transgenic zebrafish. 

Video: A Possible Zebrafish Model of Polycystic Kidney Disease: Knockdown of wnt5a Causes Cysts in Zebrafish Kidneys

Analysis of Zebrafish Kidney Development with Time-lapse Imaging Using a Dissecting Microscope Equipped for Optical Sectioning

In order to understand organogenesis, the spatial and temporal alterations that occur during development of tissues need to be recorded. The method described here allows time-lapse analysis of normal and impaired kidney development in zebrafish embryos by using a fluorescence dissecting microscope equipped for structured illumination and z-stack acquisition. To visualize nephrogenesis, transgenic zebrafish (Tg(wt1b:GFP)) with fluorescently labeled kidney structures were used. Renal defects were triggered by injection of an antisense morpholino oligonucleotide against the Wilms tumor gene wt1a, a factor known to be crucial for kidney development.
The advantage of the experimental setup is the combination of a zoom microscope with simple strategies for re-adjusting movements in x, y or z direction without additional equipment. To circumvent focal drift that is induced by temperature variations and mechanical vibrations, an autofocus strategy was applied instead of utilizing a usually required environmental chamber. In order to re-adjust the positional changes due to a xy-drift, imaging chambers with imprinted relocation grids were employed.
In comparison to more complex setups for time-lapse recording with optical sectioning such as confocal laser scanning&#160;or light sheet microscopes, a zoom microscope is easy to handle. Besides, it offers dissecting microscope-specific benefits such as high depth of field and an extended working distance.
The method to study organogenesis presented here can also be used with fluorescence stereo microscopes not capable of optical sectioning. Although limited for high-throughput, this technique offers an alternative to more complex equipment that is normally used for time-lapse recording of developing tissues and organ dynamics.

The method described here allows time-lapse analysis of organ development in zebrafish embryos by using a fluorescence dissecting microscope capable of performing optical sectioning and simple strategies of readjustment to correct focal and planar drift.

diseksiyon mikroskobu kullanılarak Time-lapse Görüntüleme ile Zebra balığı Böbrek Kalkınma Analizi Optik Kesit için donatılmış

In order to understand organogenesis, the spatial and temporal alterations that occur during development of tissues need to be recorded. The method ...

Gelişim Biyolojisi

Precise Cellular Ablation Approach for Modeling Acute Kidney Injury in Developing Zebrafish

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a common medical condition with a high mortality rate. With the repair abilities of the kidney, it is possible to restore adequate kidney function after supportive treatment. However, a better understanding of how nephron cell death and repair occur on the cellular level is required to minimize cell death and to enhance the regenerative process. The zebrafish pronephros is a good model system to accomplish this goal because it contains anatomical segments that are similar to the mammalian nephron. Previously, the most common model used to study kidney injury in fish was the pharmacological gentamicin model. However, this model does not allow for precise spatiotemporal control of injury, and hence it is difficult to study cellular and molecular processes involved in kidney repair. To overcome this limitation, this work presents a method through which, in contrast to the gentamicin approach, a specific Green Fuorescent Protein (GFP)-expressing nephron segment can be photoablated using a violet laser light (405 nm). This novel model of AKI provides many advantages that other methods of epithelial injury lack. Its main advantages are the ability to &#34;dial&#34; the level of injury and the precise spatiotemporal control in the robust in vivo animal model. This new method has the potential to significantly advance the level of understanding of kidney injury and repair mechanisms.

This work presents a new in vivo model of segmental kidney injury using kidney GFP transgenic zebrafish. The model allows for the induction of the targeted ablation of kidney epithelial cells to show the cellular mechanisms of nephron injury and repair.

Zebra balığı Gelişen Akut Böbrek Hasarının Modellenmesi İçin Hassas Hücresel Ablasyon Yaklaşımı

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a common medical condition with a high mortality rate. With the repair abilities of the kidney, it is possible to restore ...

Shifting Zebrafish Lethal Skeletal Mutant Penetrance by Progeny Testing

Zebrafish mutant phenotypes are often incompletely penetrant, only manifesting in some mutants. Interesting phenotypes that inconsistently appear can be difficult to study, and can lead to confounding results. The protocol described here is a straightforward breeding paradigm to increase and decrease penetrance in lethal zebrafish skeletal mutants. Because lethal mutants cannot be selectively bred directly, the classic selective breeding strategy of progeny testing is employed. This method also includes protocols for Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) genotyping zebrafish and staining larval zebrafish cartilage and bone. Applying the husbandry strategy described here can increase the penetrance of an interesting skeletal phenotype enabling more reproducible results in downstream applications. In addition, decreasing the mutant penetrance through this selective breeding strategy can reveal the developmental processes that most crucially require the function of the mutated gene. While the skeleton is specifically considered here, we propose that this methodology will be useful for all zebrafish mutant lines.

The goal of this protocol is to alter the penetrance of lethal skeletal mutant phenotypes in zebrafish by selective breeding. Lethal mutants cannot be grown to adulthood and bred themselves, therefore this protocol describes a method for tracking and selecting penetrance through multiple generations by progeny testing.

Zebra balığı öldürücü iskelet Mutant alellerle test döl tarafından değişen

Zebrafish mutant phenotypes are often incompletely penetrant, only manifesting in some mutants. Interesting phenotypes that inconsistently appear can be ...

Visualizing Multiciliated Cells in the Zebrafish Through a Combined Protocol of Whole Mount Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization and Immunofluorescence

In recent years, the zebrafish embryo has emerged as a popular model to study developmental biology due to traits such as ex utero embryo development and optical transparency. In particular, the zebrafish embryo has become an important organism to study vertebrate kidney organogenesis as well as multiciliated cell (MCC) development. To visualize MCCs in the embryonic zebrafish kidney, we have developed a combined protocol of whole-mount fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and whole mount immunofluorescence (IF) that enables high resolution imaging. This manuscript describes our technique for co-localizing RNA transcripts and protein as a tool to better understand the regulation of developmental programs through the expression of various lineage factors.

Visualizing Multiciliated Cells in the Zebrafish Through a Combined Protocol of Whole Mount Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization and Immunofluorescence

Cilia development is vital to proper organogenesis. This protocol describes an optimized method to label and visualize ciliated cells of the zebrafish.

Zebra balığı bütün Dağı Floresan Situ hibridizasyon ve ayirt kombine bir protokol aracılığıyla Multiciliated hücrelerde görüntülenmesi

In recent years, the zebrafish embryo has emerged as a popular model to study developmental biology due to traits such as ex utero embryo development and ...

Behavioral And Physiological Analysis In A Zebrafish Model Of Epilepsy

Epilepsy represents one of the most common neurological disorders, affecting an estimated 50 million people worldwide. Recent advances in genetic research have uncovered a large spectrum of genes implicated in various forms of epilepsy, highlighting the heterogeneous nature of this disorder. Appropriate animal models are essential for investigating the pathological mechanisms triggered by genetic mutations implicated in epilepsy and for developing specialized, targeted therapies. In recent years, zebrafish has emerged as a valuable vertebrate organism for modeling epilepsies, with the use of both genetic manipulation and exposure to known epileptogenic drugs, such as pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), to identify novel anti-epileptic therapeutics. Deleterious mutations in the mTOR regulator DEPDC5 have been associated with various forms of focal epilepsies and knock-down of the zebrafish orthologue causes hyperactivity associated with spontaneous seizure-like episodes, as well as enhanced electrographic activity and characteristic turn wheel swimming. Here, we described the method involved in generating the DEPDC5 loss-of-function model and illustrate the protocol for assessing motor activity at 28 and 48 h post fertilization (hpf), as well as a method for recording field activity in the zebrafish optic tectum. An illustration of the effect of the epileptogenic drug PTZ on neuronal activity over time is also provided.

Here, we present a protocol for the development and the characterization of a zebrafish model of epilepsy resulting from the transient inhibition of the DEPDC5 gene.

Zebra balığı epilepsi modelinde davranışsal ve fizyolojik analiz

Epilepsy represents one of the most common neurological disorders, affecting an estimated 50 million people worldwide. Recent advances in genetic research ...

Nörobilim

In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio

Here, we present methods for the development of assays to query potentially clinically significant nonsynonymous changes using in vivo complementation in zebrafish. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a useful animal system due to their experimental tractability; embryos are transparent to enable facile viewing, undergo rapid development ex vivo, and can be genetically manipulated.1 These aspects have allowed for significant advances in the analysis of embryogenesis, molecular processes, and morphogenetic signaling. Taken together, the advantages of this vertebrate model make zebrafish highly amenable to modeling the developmental defects in pediatric disease, and in some cases, adult-onset disorders. Because the zebrafish genome is highly conserved with that of humans (~70% orthologous), it is possible to recapitulate human disease states in zebrafish. This is accomplished either through the injection of mutant human mRNA to induce dominant negative or gain of function alleles, or utilization of morpholino (MO) antisense oligonucleotides to suppress genes to mimic loss of function variants. Through complementation of MO-induced phenotypes with capped human mRNA, our approach enables the interpretation of the deleterious effect of mutations on human protein sequence based on the ability of mutant mRNA to rescue a measurable, physiologically relevant phenotype. Modeling of the human disease alleles occurs through microinjection of zebrafish embryos with MO and/or human mRNA at the 1-4 cell stage, and phenotyping up to seven days post fertilization (dpf). This general strategy can be extended to a wide range of disease phenotypes, as demonstrated in the following protocol. We present our established models for morphogenetic signaling, craniofacial, cardiac, vascular integrity, renal function, and skeletal muscle disorder phenotypes, as well as others.

In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio

Here, we present a systematic approach for developing physiologically relevant, sensitive and specific in vivo assays for interpreting variation in human pathology. Transient genetic manipulation via microinjection of WT and mutant human mRNA and morpholino (MO) antisense oligonucleotides harness the tractability of the developing zebrafish embryo to rapidly assay pathogenic mutations, especially, but not exclusively, in the context of human developmental disorders.

Br.rerio kullanarak Morbid İnsan Genomu İn Vivo Modelleme

Here,  we present methods for the development of assays to query potentially clinically  significant nonsynonymous changes using in  vivo complementation ...

Biyoloji

Visualization of Craniofacial Development in the sox10: kaede Transgenic Zebrafish Line Using Time-lapse Confocal Microscopy

Vertebrate palatogenesis is a highly choreographed and complex developmental process, which involves migration of cranial neural crest (CNC) cells, convergence and extension of facial prominences, and maturation of the craniofacial skeleton. To study the contribution of the cranial neural crest to specific regions of the zebrafish palate a sox10: kaede transgenic zebrafish line was generated. Sox10 provides lineage restriction of the kaede reporter protein to the neural crest, thereby making the cell labeling a more precise process than traditional dye or reporter mRNA injection. Kaede is a photo-convertible protein that turns from green to red after photo activation and makes it possible to follow cells precisely. The sox10: kaede transgenic line was used to perform lineage analysis to delineate CNC cell populations that give rise to maxillary versus mandibular elements and illustrate homology of facial prominences to amniotes. This protocol describes the steps to generate a live time-lapse video of a sox10: kaede zebrafish embryo. Development of the ethmoid plate will serve as a practical example. This protocol can be applied to making a time-lapse confocal recording of any kaede or similar photoconvertible reporter protein in transgenic zebrafish. Furthermore, it can be used to capture not only normal, but also abnormal development of craniofacial structures in the zebrafish mutants.

Visualization of experimental data has become a key element in presenting results to the scientific community. Generation of live time-lapse recording of growing embryos contributes to better presentation and understanding of complex developmental processes. This protocol is a step-by-step guide to cell labeling via photoconversion of kaede protein in zebrafish.

Sox10 içinde Kraniyofasiyal Kalkınma Görselleştirme: kaede Transgenik Zebra balığı Hattı Time-lapse konfokal mikroskopi kullanılarak

Vertebrate palatogenesis is a highly choreographed and complex developmental process, which involves migration of cranial neural crest (CNC) cells, ...

Analysis of Nephron Composition and Function in the Adult Zebrafish Kidney

The zebrafish model has emerged as a relevant system to study kidney development, regeneration and disease. Both the embryonic and adult zebrafish kidneys are composed of functional units known as nephrons, which are highly conserved with other vertebrates, including mammals. Research in zebrafish has recently demonstrated that two distinctive phenomena transpire after adult nephrons incur damage: first, there is robust regeneration within existing nephrons that replaces the destroyed tubule epithelial cells; second, entirely new nephrons are produced from renal progenitors in a process known as neonephrogenesis. In contrast, humans and other mammals seem to have only a limited ability for nephron epithelial regeneration. To date, the mechanisms responsible for these kidney regeneration phenomena remain poorly understood. Since adult zebrafish kidneys undergo both nephron epithelial regeneration and neonephrogenesis, they provide an outstanding experimental paradigm to study these events. Further, there is a wide range of genetic and pharmacological tools available in the zebrafish model that can be used to delineate the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate renal regeneration. One essential aspect of such research is the evaluation of nephron structure and function. This protocol describes a set of labeling techniques that can be used to gauge renal composition and test nephron functionality in the adult zebrafish kidney. Thus, these methods are widely applicable to the future phenotypic characterization of adult zebrafish kidney injury paradigms, which include but are not limited to, nephrotoxicant exposure regimes or genetic methods of targeted cell death such as the nitroreductase mediated cell ablation technique. Further, these methods could be used to study genetic perturbations in adult kidney formation and could also be applied to assess renal status during chronic disease modeling.

The zebrafish adult kidney is an excellent system for renal regeneration and disease studies. An essential aspect of such research is the assessment of nephron structure and function. This protocol describes several methodologies that can be implemented to assess nephron tubule composition and to evaluate renal reabsorption.

Yetişkin Zebra balığı Böbrek Nefron Kompozisyon ve Fonksiyon Analizi

The zebrafish model has emerged as a relevant system to study kidney development, regeneration and disease. Both the embryonic and adult zebrafish kidneys ...

Acute Kidney Injury Model Induced by Cisplatin in Adult Zebrafish

Cisplatin is commonly used as chemotherapy. Although it has positive effects in cancer-treated individuals, cisplatin can easily accumulate in the kidney due to its low molecular weight. Such accumulation causes the death of tubular cells and can induce the development of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is characterized by a quick decrease in kidney function, tissue damage, and immune cells infiltration. If administered in specific doses cisplatin can be a useful tool as an AKI inducer in animal models. The zebrafish has appeared as an interesting model to study renal function, kidney regeneration, and injury, as renal structures conserve functional similarities with mammals. Adult zebrafish injected with cisplatin shows decreased survival, kidney cell death, and increased inflammation markers after 24 h post-injection (hpi). In this model, immune cells infiltration and cell death can be assessed by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. This protocol describes the procedures to induce AKI in adult zebrafish by intraperitoneal cisplatin injection and subsequently demonstrates how to collect the renal tissue for flow cytometry processing and cell death TUNEL assay. These techniques will be useful to understand the effects of cisplatin as a nephrotoxic agent and will contribute to the expansion of AKI models in adult zebrafish. This model can also be used to study kidney regeneration, in the search for compounds that treat or prevent kidney damage and to study inflammation in AKI. Moreover, the methods used in this protocol will improve the characterization of tissue damage and inflammation, which are therapeutic targets in kidney-associated comorbidities.

This protocol describes the procedures to induce Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in adult zebrafish using cisplatin as a nephrotoxic agent. We detailed the steps to evaluate the reproducibility of the technique and two techniques to analyze inflammation and cell death in the renal tissue, flow cytometry and TUNEL, respectively.

Yetişkin Zebra Balıklarında Cisplatin tarafından İndüklenen Akut Böbrek Yaralanması Modeli

Cisplatin is commonly used as chemotherapy. Although it has positive effects in cancer-treated individuals, cisplatin can easily accumulate in the kidney ...

Tıp

Evaluation of Zebrafish Kidney Function Using a Fluorescent Clearance Assay

The zebrafish embryo offers a tractable model to study organogenesis and model human genetic disease. Despite its relative simplicity, the zebrafish kidney develops and functions in almost the same way as humans. A major difference in the construction of the human kidney is the presence of millions of nephrons compared to the zebrafish that has only two. However, simplifying such a complex system into basic functional units has aided our understanding of how the kidney develops and operates. In zebrafish, the midline located glomerulus is responsible for the initial blood filtration into two pronephric tubules that diverge to run bilaterally down the embryonic axis before fusing to each other at the cloaca. The pronephric tubules are heavily populated by motile cilia that facilitate the movement of filtrate along the segmented tubule, allowing the exchange of various solutes before finally exiting via the cloaca2-4. Many genes responsible for CKD, including those related to ciliogenesis, have been studied in zebrafish5. However, a major draw back has been the difficulty in evaluating zebrafish kidney function after genetic manipulation. Traditional assays to measure kidney dysfunction in humans have proved non translational to zebrafish, mainly due to their aquatic environment and small size. For example, it is not physically possible to extract blood from embryonic staged fish for analysis of urea and creatinine content, as they are too small. In addition, zebrafish do not produce enough urine for testing on a simple proteinuria &#8216;dipstick&#8217;, which is often performed during initial patient examinations. We describe a fluorescent assay that utilizes the optical transparency of the zebrafish to quantitatively monitor the clearance of a fluorescent dye, over time, from the vasculature and out through the kidney, to give a read out of renal function1,6-9.

The zebrafish is a popular tool to model chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, their small size makes it impossible to evaluate renal function using traditional methods. We describe a fluorescent dye kidney clearance assay1 that allows quantitative analysis of zebrafish kidney function in CKD.

Bir Floresan Gümrükleme Testi kullanarak Zebra balığı Böbrek Fonksiyon Değerlendirilmesi

The zebrafish embryo offers a tractable model to study organogenesis and model human genetic disease. Despite its relative simplicity, the zebrafish ...

Polikistik Böbrek Hastalığı Olası Zebra balığı Modeli: demonte

Özet

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