This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants HL105947-01 (YL), HL07829-16 (AM), HL090152 (AM).

Hayvan deneyleri Chicago Illinois Üniversitesi Hayvan Bakım Komitesi ve Kurumsal Biyogüvenlik Komiteleri tarafından onaylandı. NOT: maskesi, göz koruması, önlük veya tulum, ve çift eldiven: pseudomonas kapsayan tüm işlemler bunlarla sınırlı değildir Biyogüvenlik Seviye 2 (BSL2) uygulamaları ile yapılmalıdır. Sertifikalı Biyogüvenlik Kurulu çalışın. Çamaşır suyu veya klor dioksit bazlı dezenfektan ile bakteri ile temas aletleri davranın. Taşıma örnekleri için bir kapalı kutu kullanın. 1. P. aeruginosa Kültür ve Büyüme <ol><li> Mağaza P. -80 ° C de dondurarak saklamaya uygun vialler bir vidalı başlık bakteriyel bir stok olarak aeruginosa, PA103. </li><li> % 70 etanol ıslatılmış kağıt havlu ile bir kutu içinde bir rafa yerleştirin flakon ve Biyogüvenlik Seviye 2 (BSL2) laboratuvara götürmek. </li><li> Şerit koyun kanı agar plakalarına bakteri ve bir kuluçka makinesi içinde 15 saat ~ 37 ° C&#39;de büyütülmüştür. </li&gt; <li> Bir BSL2 kaputu, 5 ml PBS içinde bakteri döngü ve tekrar süspansiyon ile plaka bakterileri çizebilir. </li><li> 3 aya kadar 4 ° C &#39;de stok saklayın. Bununla birlikte, titre her 2 haftada bir belirler. </li><li> Seri olarak (01:10 ila 7 01:10 4 genellikle) PBS içinde bakteri sulandırarak koyun kanı agar plakaları üzerinde bilinen seyreltme plaka. </li><li> ~ 15 saat süreyle inkübe edin. Kolonileri sayın ve bakteri konsantrasyonunu belirlemek için Koloni Oluşturma Birimi (CFU) hesaplayabilirsiniz. </li><li> Uygun konsantrasyonlarda yeniden süspanse edin (~ 5 x 10 3 CFU / ml), 1.5 ml steril vida kapaklı bir küçük cryovials içinde 0.5 ml PBS içinde. Kriyotüplerin Seal ve bir çırpıda kapaklı kutu dezenfektan yüklü kağıt havlu üzerinde kriyotüpe rafa koyun. </li><li> BSL2 hayvan tesisine kutusuna taşıyın. Bir kez orada, BSL2 kabinede kutusunu açmak. </li></ol> 2. P. aeruginosa damlatma <ol><li> Sağkalım cerrahi aseptik (steril eldiven, steril aletler gerçekleştirinVe aseptik teknikler). Steril (otoklav) cerrahi aletler için bir çalışma yüzeyi sağlamak için steril örtüyü kullanın. Her trakea İnstilasyon prosedür arasında sıcak bir boncuk sterilizatör kullanılarak aletleri sterilize. </li><li> Anesthetization önce fareler tartılır. Ketamin (100 mg / kg), ksilazin (5 mg / kg) ile fareler anestezi 0.1 - 0.2 ml PBS intraperitoneal (ip). Ayak tutam cevapsızlıktan tarafından anestezik etkinliğini belirlemek. Anestezi altında kuruluğunu önlemek için gözleri bir veteriner merhem kullanın. </li><li> BSL2 kabinede bir cerrahi gemide fareler dizginlemek. </li><li> Kesim aşağı için bölgeyi belirlemek. Bu alanı tıraş ve 3 kez alkol ve povidon iyot bezlerden alternatif kullanılarak cildi hazırlar. </li><li> Bu anestezi gibi trakea erişmek için bir cilt kesisi olarak küçük bir ameliyat için yeterli olduğu gibi lokal anestezi (lidokain) ile kesi alanı davranın. </li><li> Boyun orta hatta küçük bir kesi (yaklaşık 5 mm) yapmak, ve künt f kullanınorceps hafifçe trakea erişim için kas taşımak için. Cerrahi diseksiyon ile trakea Açığa. </li><li> 27 G iğne ile 1 ml tek kullanımlık enjektöre bakteri çözüm çizin. Her bir fare için, uygun konsantrasyonda (10 5 CFU her bir fare kadar) bakteri 20-30 ul uygulayın. </li><li> Trakea içine iğne takın. Trakea içine yavaş yavaş bir çözüm enjekte edilir. </li><li> Genellikle bu çözümü gösterir hayvan soluk soluğa, akciğere ulaştığını emin olun. </li><li> Aseptik koşullarda steril sütür (6-0 lifli) ile yarayı kapatın. </li><li> 0.1 mg / ameliyat sonrası ağrıyı kontrol etmek için post-op analjezi gibi deri altı enjeksiyon yoluyla kg buprenorfin kullanın. </li><li> Kapatma insizyon ilk anestezi indüksiyon gerekli süre en az 15 dk olduğundan emin olun. </li><li> Enjeksiyonundan sonra, uygun bir biyolojik tehlikeli kabın içinde şırınga ve iğneler atmayın. </li><li> Klor dioksit bazlı bir dezenfeksiyon cerrahi aletler davranınnfectant 15 dakika için durulayın ve sterilizasyon için laboratuar dönmek ve gerektiğinde yeniden. </li><li> Tek başına sıcak bir ortamda temiz kafeslerde ev fareler. </li><li> Bu bilinç kavuşur ve hareket edene kadar hayvanın her 30 dakikada kontrol edin; ve daha sonra da ilk 3 gün sonra, cerrahi için 12 saatlik aralıklarla. </li><li> Deney boyunca, hayvan BSL2 tesiste fareler tutun. Mühürlü kutuda bulunan tek doku hayvan BSL2 tesisi bırakır emin olun. Fareler can çekişen davranışların bir ifade halinde çalışmada herhangi bir noktada (solunum güçlüğü, uyuşukluk, yumuşak bir uyarıya yanıt olarak ambulasyon durum olarak tanımlanmaktadır), servikal dislokasyon bir şişe bir kaynaktan CO2 soluma ile farelerin euthanize. </li><li> Anestezi altında kanı akıtılarak deneysel konuyu euthanize. <ol><li> Öldürülen farelerin akciğer dokusunu toplayın. Bir BSL2 kaputu bu işlemleri yürütmek. Gerekirse, rac içinde yerleştirilmekte, tüpler kullanılarak örnek aktarmakdaha fazla işlem için bir çırpıda kapaklı kutu dezenfektan yüklü kağıt havlu üzerinde k. </li></ol></li></ol>

<ol><li>Ware, L. B., Matthay, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+acute+respiratory+distress+syndrome%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22N+Engl+J+Med%22%5BJournal%5D)">The acute respiratory distress syndrome.</a> N Engl J Med. 342, 1334-1349 (2000).</li>
<li>Matthay, M. A., Ware, L. B., Zimmerman, G. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+acute+respiratory+distress+syndrome%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Clin+Invest%22%5BJournal%5D)">The acute respiratory distress syndrome.</a> J Clin Invest. 122, 2731-2740 (2012).</li>
<li>Shimabukuro, D. W., Sawa, T., Gropper, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Injury+and+repair+in+lung+and+airways%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Crit+Care+Med%22%5BJournal%5D)">Injury and repair in lung and airways.</a> Crit Care Med. 31 (8), 524-531 (2003).</li>
<li>Wansleeben, C., Barkauskas, C. E., Rock, J. R., Hogan, B. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Stem+cells+of+the+adult+lung%3A+Their+development+and+role+in+homeostasis%2C+regeneration%2C+and+disease%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Wiley+Interdiscip+Rev+Dev+Biol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Stem cells of the adult lung: Their development and role in homeostasis, regeneration, and disease.</a> Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol. 2, 131-148 (2013).</li>
<li>Singleton, P. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Dynamin+2+and+c-abl+are+novel+regulators+of+hyperoxia-mediated+nadph+oxidase+activation+and+reactive+oxygen+species+production+in+caveolin-enriched+microdomains+of+the+endothelium%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Biol+Chem%22%5BJournal%5D)">Dynamin 2 and c-abl are novel regulators of hyperoxia-mediated nadph oxidase activation and reactive oxygen species production in caveolin-enriched microdomains of the endothelium.</a> J Biol Chem. 284, 34964-34975 (2009).</li>
<li>Sadikot, R. T., Blackwell, T. S., Christman, J. W., Prince, A. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Pathogen-host+interactions+in+pseudomonas+aeruginosa+pneumonia%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Am+J+Respir+Crit+Care+Med%22%5BJournal%5D)">Pathogen-host interactions in pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia.</a> Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 171, 1209-1223 (2005).</li>
<li>Liu, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Foxm1+mediates+the+progenitor+function+of+type+ii+epithelial+cells+in+repairing+alveolar+injury+induced+by+pseudomonas+aeruginosa%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Exp+Med%22%5BJournal%5D)">Foxm1 mediates the progenitor function of type ii epithelial cells in repairing alveolar injury induced by pseudomonas aeruginosa.</a> J Exp Med. 208, 1473-1484 (2011).</li>
<li>Kurahashi, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Pathogenesis+of+septic+shock+in+pseudomonas+aeruginosa+pneumonia%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Clin+Invest%22%5BJournal%5D)">Pathogenesis of septic shock in pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia.</a> J Clin Invest. 104, 743-750 (1999).</li>
<li>Kumar, P. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Distal+airway+stem+cells+yield+alveoli+in+vitro+and+during+lung+regeneration+following+h1n1+influenza+infection%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Cell%22%5BJournal%5D)">Distal airway stem cells yield alveoli in vitro and during lung regeneration following h1n1 influenza infection.</a> Cell. 147, 525-538 (2011).</li>
<li>Delano, M. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Sepsis+induces+early+alterations+in+innate+immunity+that+impact+mortality+to+secondary+infection%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Immunology%22%5BJournal%5D)">Sepsis induces early alterations in innate immunity that impact mortality to secondary infection.</a> J Immunology. 186, 195-202 (2011).</li>
<li>Lange, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((A+murine+model+of+sepsis+following+smoke+inhalation+injury%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Biochem+Biophys+Res+Commun%22%5BJournal%5D)">A murine model of sepsis following smoke inhalation injury.</a> Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 391 (3), 1555-1560 (2010).</li>
<li>Kobayashi, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+role+of+chemokines+in+neutrophil+biology%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Front+Biosci%22%5BJournal%5D)">The role of chemokines in neutrophil biology.</a> Front Biosci. 13, 2400-2407 (2008).</li>
<li>Matute-Bello, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Animal+models+of+acute+lung+injury%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Am+J+Physiol+Lung+Cell+Mol+Physiol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Animal models of acute lung injury.</a> Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 295, L379-L399 (2008).</li>
<li>Sadikot, R. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Targeted+immunomodulation+of+the+nf-kappab+pathway+in+airway+epithelium+impacts+host+defense+against+pseudomonas+aeruginosa%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Immunol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Targeted immunomodulation of the nf-kappab pathway in airway epithelium impacts host defense against pseudomonas aeruginosa.</a> J Immunol. 176, 4923-4930 (2006).</li>
<li>Pinto, I. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Development+of+an+experimental+model+of+neutrophilic+pulmonary+response+induction+in+mice%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Pneumologia%22%5BJournal%5D)">Development of an experimental model of neutrophilic pulmonary response induction in mice.</a> J Pneumologia. 29, 213-214 (2003).</li>
</ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Biz burada açıklamak Pseudomonas fare akciğer hasarı modeli akut akciğer hasarı veya zatürre sonrası oluştuğu inflamasyon, akciğer hasarı, onarım, ve çözünürlük tüm süreci taklit eder. Bu, klinik olarak ilgili ve içerisinde nispeten güvenli ve kullanımı kolay olduğu birçok başka yaralanması modelleri ile karşılaştırıldığında eşsiz avantajlara sahiptir. Prosedürdeki kritik aşama bakteri çözeltisi, enjeksiyon çok yavaş olması gerekiyor. Enjeksiyon ç...

Akciğerler çevresel patojenlere maruz ve inflamasyon ve yaralanma 1-3 yatkındır vardır. Pnömoni veya yetişkinlerde solunum zorluğu sendromu (ARDS) gibi patolojik durumları sırasında, lökositler tarafından salgılanan patojen hem de enflamatuvar etkenlerin alveol hücreleri 1-3 yaralanma ve ölümünü indükler. Bu onarım yaralanma patoloji çalışma yanı sıra mekanizmasını kolaylaştırmak için akut akciğer hasarı hayvan modellerinin geliştirilmesi önemlidir. Şu anda, çoğu insan hiperoksia ve Bleomisine bağlı fare akciğer hasarı modellerini 4 kullanın. Ancak, hiperoksinin mekanizmaları yaralanma pnömoni veya ARDS 5 sırasında ortaya en sık akciğer yaralanmaları gibi aynı değildir neden oldu. Bleomisin ile oluşturulan akut hasarı klinik bağlamda 4 nadirdir. Burada P. içi trakeal enjeksiyon kullanılarak fare akciğer hasarı modeli rapor aeruginosa 6,7. Bu model klinik olarak önemlidir, ve taklit ppnömoni 8 Aşağıdaki olur rocesses. Bağışıklığı baskılanmış kişilerde bir fırsatçı, hastane patojen, P. gibi aeruginosa genellikle pulmoner sistem, üriner sistem, yanıklar, yaralar bozar, hem de diğer kan enfeksiyonlarına 6 neden olur. Bakteriler, virulans faktör ekzotoksin A serbest çarpma ve immün yanıtları 6 tetikler. P. içi trachael yönetim aeruginosa pnömoniye neden bakteri insan maruz kalma durumunu yansıtan ve patoloji son bildirilen grip virüsü H1N1 kaynaklı akciğer hasarı modelinde 9 farklı olması muhtemeldir. P. yana aeruginosa o daha öldürücü patojenlerin bazı karşılaştırıldığında işlemek için nispeten güvenli bir fırsatçı patojendir. Gözlemlediğimiz, çünkü burada bu yöntemin kıyasla akciğerin en uzak alveol bölgesine daha fazla bakterilerin ortaya koyduğu bakterileri yönetmek için içi trakeal enjeksiyon kullanılanBöyle ağız yoluyla bir kateter kullanarak gibi diğer bazı prosedürler. Diğer akut akciğer hasarı modelleri ile karşılaştırıldığında, S. Burada açıklanan model, aeruginosa, bakterilerin ve aşırı iltihaplanma ile kaynaklı akciğer hasarı çalışmak için uygundur. P. kullanan diğer hayvan modellerinde farklı aeruginosa burada lokalize akut akciğer hasarı oluşturmak için bu bakterilerin içi trakeal enjeksiyon kullanımı, sepsis 10,11 ikna etmek.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Anesthetic: Ketamin, xylazine, lidocaine, buprenorphine</td><td></td><td></td><td>pharmaceutical grade</td></tr><tr><td>27 G needle</td><td>Fisher</td><td>1482648</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>syringe</td><td>Fisher</td><td>14823434</td><td>1 ml</td></tr><tr><td>scissors</td><td>Fine Science tools</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>forceps</td><td>Fine Science tools</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>suture&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Fisher</td><td>19-037-526</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Eye gauge, glove, gown</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Biosafety Cabinet</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>chlorine dioxide based disinfectant</td><td></td><td></td><td>Clidox</td></tr><tr><td>sheep blood agar plates&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Medex supply</td><td>HL-1160</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

pseudomonas aeruginosa induced lung injury model

Insan akut akciğer hasarı ve pnömoni incelemek üzere, bu hastalığın çeşitli patolojik özelliklerini taklit etmek için hayvan modelleri geliştirilmesi önemlidir. Burada bakteriler Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa veya PA) intra-trakeal enjeksiyon yoluyla fare akciğer hasarı modeli geliştirdik. Bu modeli kullanarak, yaralanma erken dönemde akciğer iltihabı gösteren başardık. Buna ek olarak, alveol epitel bariyer leakiness bronkoalveoler lavaj (BAL) analiz ederek gözlenmiştir; ve alveolar hücre ölümü yaralı akciğerlerinden hazırlandı doku kullanılarak TÜNEL tahlili ile gözlemlenmiştir. Yaralanmasının ardından daha sonraki bir aşamada, biz tamir işlemi için gerekli hücre çoğalmasını gözlendi. Yaralanma 7 gün P. başlatılmasından çözüldü aeruginosa enjeksiyon. Bu model pnömoni sırasında akciğer iltihabı, yaralanma ve onarım sıralı ders taklit eder. Bu klinik açıdan anlamlı hayvan modeli f, onarım mekanizmasını patolojiyi incelemek için uygundurakut akciğer hasarı ollowing ve bu hastalık için potansiyel bir terapötik maddelerin test edilmesi için kullanılabilir.

72 saat sonrası P. - 24 başlayarak aeruginosa enjeksiyonu artan hücreli (Şekil 1A-D), akciğer bölümleri gözlenmiştir. Akciğer 96 saat sonrası yaralanma (Şekil 1E) kurtarmak için başladı. 7 gün sonra, P. yayınlamak aeruginosa normal alveol morfoloji büyük ölçüde (Şekil 1F) restore edildi. Tünel boyama kullanılarak akciğer kesitleri 24 saat sonrası P. hazırlanmış aeruginosa, alveol hücrel...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Lung Injury Model at JoVE.com

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Lung Injury Model

We have developed a mouse lung injury model by intra-tracheal injection of bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This model mimics lung injury during pneumonia and is clinically relevant.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Kaynaklı Akciğer Hasarı Modeli

In order to study human acute lung injury and pneumonia, it is important to develop animal models to mimic various pathological features of this disease. ...

pseudomonas-aeruginosa-induced-lung-injury-model

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Lung Injury Model

18.5K Görüntüleme.  University of Illinois at Chicago. We have developed a mouse lung injury model by intra-tracheal injection of bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This model mimics lung injury during pneumonia and is clinically relevant. 

Video: Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Lung Injury Model

Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice

A mouse model of chronic airway infection is a key asset in cystic fibrosis (CF) research, although there are a number of concerns regarding the model itself. Early phases of inflammation and infection have been widely studied by using the Pseudomonas aeruginosa agar-beads mouse model, while only few reports have focused on the long-term chronic infection in vivo. The main challenge for long term chronic infection remains the low bacterial burden by P. aeruginosa and the low percentage of infected mice weeks after challenge, indicating that bacterial cells are progressively cleared by the host.
This paper presents a method for obtaining efficient long-term chronic infection in mice. This method is based on the embedding of the P. aeruginosa clinical strains in the agar-beads in vitro, followed by intratracheal instillation in C57Bl/6NCrl mice. Bilateral lung infection is associated with several measurable read-outs including weight loss, mortality, chronic infection, and inflammatory response. The P. aeruginosa RP73 clinical strain was preferred over the PAO1 reference laboratory strain since it resulted in a comparatively lower mortality, more severe lesions, and higher chronic infection. P. aeruginosa colonization may persist in the lung for over three months. Murine lung pathology resembles that of CF patients with advanced chronic pulmonary disease.
This murine model most closely mimics the course of the human disease and can be used both for studies on the pathogenesis and for the evaluation of novel therapies.

Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice

We describe the agar-beads method to establish persistent long-term chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway infection in the mouse model.

Uzun Vadeli Kronik<em&gt; Pseudomonas aeruginosa</emFarelerde&gt; Havayolu Enfeksiyon

A mouse model of chronic airway infection is a key asset in cystic fibrosis (CF) research, although there are a number of concerns regarding the model ...

İmmünoloji ve Enfeksiyon

A Method for Generating Pulmonary Neutrophilia Using Aerosolized Lipopolysaccharide

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe disease characterized by alveolar neutrophilia, with limited treatment options and high mortality. Experimental models of ALI are key in enhancing our understanding of disease pathogenesis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from gram positive bacteria induces neutrophilic inflammation in the airways and lung parenchyma of mice. Efficient pulmonary delivery of compounds such as LPS is, however, difficult to achieve. In the approach described here, pulmonary delivery in mice is achieved by challenge to aerosolized Pseudomonas aeruginosa LPS. Dissolved LPS was aerosolized by a nebulizer connected to compressed air. Mice were exposed to a continuous flow of LPS aerosol in a Plexiglas box for 10 min, followed by 2 min conditioning after the aerosol was discontinued. Tracheal intubation and subsequent bronchoalveolar lavage, followed by formalin perfusion was next performed, which allows for characterization of the sterile pulmonary inflammation. Aerosolized LPS generates a pulmonary inflammation characterized by alveolar neutrophilia, detected in bronchoalveolar lavage and by histological assessment. This technique can be set up at a small cost with few appliances, and requires minimal training and expertise. The exposure system can thus be routinely performed at any laboratory, with the potential to enhance our understanding of lung pathology.

We describe a method for inducing neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation by challenge to aerosolized lipopolysaccharide by nebulization, to model acute lung injury. In addition, basic surgical techniques for lung isolation, tracheal intubation and bronchoalveolar lavage are also described.

Aerosolize Lipopolisakarid kullanma Yaratma Pulmoner nötrofilisi için bir yöntem

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe disease characterized by alveolar neutrophilia, with limited treatment options and high mortality. Experimental models ...

Studying Microbial Communities In Vivo: A Model of Host-mediated Interaction Between Candida Albicans and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in the Airways

Studying host-pathogen interaction enables us to understand the underlying mechanisms of the pathogenicity during microbial infection. The prognosis of the host depends on the involvement of an adapted immune response against the pathogen1. Immune response is complex and results from interaction of the pathogens and several immune or non-immune cellular types2. In vitro studies cannot characterise these interactions and focus on cell-pathogen interactions. Moreover, in the airway3, particularly in patients with suppurative chronic lung disease or in mechanically ventilated patients, polymicrobial communities are present and complicate host-pathogen interaction. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans are both problem pathogens4, frequently isolated from tracheobronchial samples, and associated to severe infections, especially in intensive care unit5. Microbial interactions have been reported between these pathogens in vitro but the clinical impact of these interactions remains unclear6. To study the interactions between C. albicans and P. aeruginosa, a murine model of C. albicans airways colonization, followed by a P. aeruginosa-mediated acute lung infection was performed.

Studying Microbial Communities In Vivo: A Model of Host-mediated Interaction Between Candida Albicans and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in the Airways

While in vitro study of host-pathogen interactions allow the characterization of specific immune responses, in vivo models are required to observe the effects of complex responses. Using Candida albicans exposure followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa-mediated lung infection, we established a murine model of microbial interactions involved in ventilator-associated pneumonia pathogenicity.

Mikrobiyal Toplulukları incelenmesi<em&gt; İn Vivo</em&gt;: Arası Ana aracılı Etkileşim Modeli<em&gt; Candida albicans</em&gt; Ve<em&gt; Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em&gt; Airways

Studying host-pathogen interaction enables us to understand the underlying mechanisms of the pathogenicity during microbial infection. The prognosis of ...

A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii

Efficacy of candidate antibacterial treatments must be demonstrated in animal models of infection as part of the discovery and development process, preferably in models which mimic the intended clinical indication. A method for inducing robust lung infections in immunocompetent rats and mice is described which allows for the assessment of treatments in a model of serious pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae or A. baumannii. Animals are anesthetized, and an agar-based inoculum is deposited deep into the lung via nonsurgical intratracheal intubation. The resulting infection is consistent, reproducible, and stable for at least 48 h and up to 96 h for most isolates. Studies with marketed antibacterials have demonstrated good correlation between in vivo efficacy and in vitro susceptibility, and concordance between pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets determined in this model and clinically accepted targets has been observed. Although there is an initial time investment when learning the technique, it can be performed quickly and efficiently once proficiency is achieved. Benefits of the model include elimination of the neutropenic requirement, increased robustness and reproducibility, ability to study more pathogens and isolates, improved flexibility in study design and establishment of a challenging infection in an immunocompetent host.

A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or  A. baumannii

A method for establishing lung infections in immunocompetent rodents is described. With proficiency, this method can be performed quickly and easily to induce stable infection with many isolates of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii.

Immünkompetan Kemirgenler bir Sağlam Pnömoni Modeli karşı antibakteriyel etkinliğini değerlendirmektir<i&gt; S. pneumoniae</i&gt;<i&gt; H. influenza</i&gt;<i&gt; K. pneumoniae</i&gt;<em&gt; P. aeruginosa</em&gt; ya da<em&gt; A. baumannii</em

Efficacy of candidate antibacterial treatments must be demonstrated in animal models of infection as part of the discovery and development process, ...

An IL-8 Transiently Transgenized Mouse Model for the In Vivo Long-term Monitoring of Inflammatory Responses

Airway inflammation is often associated with bacterial infections and represents a major determinant of lung disease. The in vivo determination of the pro-inflammatory capabilities of various factors is challenging and requires terminal procedures, such as bronchoalveolar lavage and the removal of lungs for in situ analysis, precluding longitudinal visualization in the same mouse. Here, lung inflammation is induced through the intratracheal instillation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture supernatant (SN) in transiently transgenized mice expressing the luciferase reporter gene under the control of a heterologous IL-8 bovine promoter. Luciferase expression in the lung is monitored by in vivo bioluminescent image (BLI) analysis over a 2.5- to 48-h timeframe following the instillation. The procedure can be repeated multiple times within 2 - 3 months, thus permitting the evaluation of the inflammatory response in the same mice without the need to terminate the animals. This approach permits the monitoring of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors acting in the lung in real time and appears suitable for functional and pharmacological studies.

An IL-8 Transiently Transgenized Mouse Model for the In Vivo Long-term Monitoring of Inflammatory Responses

The method described here allows for the visualization of IL-8 promoter-dependent inflammation activation in the lungs of mice through non-invasive bioluminescence imaging (BLI). The same animal can be subjected to BLI multiple times for up to two months from the time of delivery of the luciferase reporter construct.

Bir IL-8 Geçici Transgenize Edilmiş Fare Modeli<emIn vivo</em&gt; İnflamatuvar Yanıtların Uzun Vadeli İzlenmesi

Airway inflammation is often associated with bacterial infections and represents a major determinant of lung disease. The in vivo determination of the ...

Open Tracheostomy Gastric Acid Aspiration Murine Model of Acute Lung Injury Results in Maximal Acute Nonlethal Lung Injury

Acid pneumonitis is a major cause of sterile acute lung injury (ALI) in humans. Acid pneumonitis spans the clinical spectrum from asymptomatic to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), characterized by neutrophilic alveolitis, and injury to both alveolar epithelium and vascular endothelium. Clinically, ARDS is defined by acute onset of hypoxemia, bilateral patchy pulmonary infiltrates and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Human studies have provided us with valuable information about the physiological and inflammatory changes in the lung caused by ARDS, which has led to various hypotheses about the underling mechanisms. Unfortunately, difficulties determining the etiology of ARDS, as well as a wide range of pathophysiology have resulted in a lack of critical information that could be useful in developing therapeutic strategies.
Translational animal models are valuable when their pathogenesis and pathophysiology accurately reproduce a concept proven in both in vitro and clinical settings. Although large animal models (e.g., sheep) share characteristics of the anatomy of human trachea-bronchial tree, murine models provide a host of other advantages including: low cost; short reproductive cycle lending itself to greater data acquisition; a well understood immunologic system; and a well characterized genome leading to the availability of a variety of gene deletion and transgenic strains. A robust model of low pH induced ARDS requires a murine ALI that targets mainly the alveolar epithelium, secondarily the vascular endothelium, as well as the small airways leading to the alveoli. Furthermore, a reproducible injury with wide differences between different injurious and non-injurious insults is important.
The murine gastric acid aspiration model presented here using hydrochloric acid employs an open tracheostomy and recreates a pathogenic scenario that reproduces the low pH pneumonitis injury in humans. Additionally, this model can be used to examine interaction of a low pH insult with other pulmonary injurious entities (e.g., food particles, pathogenic bacteria).

This protocol induces acute lung injury in a mouse that has close fidelity to the pathogenesis of acid pneumonitis observed in humans. We generate a maximal acute nonlethal low pH lung injury and account for differences in rodent-human anatomic respiratory structure using an open tracheostomy coupled with circumferential pressure release.

Akut Akciğer Hasarı Açık Trakeostomi Gastrik Asit Aspirasyon Fare Modeli Maksimal Akut Ölümcül olmayan Akciğer Hasarı Sonuçlar

Acid pneumonitis is a major cause of sterile acute lung injury (ALI) in humans. Acid pneumonitis spans the clinical spectrum from asymptomatic to acute ...

Tıp

A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation

Selective intra-bronchial instillation of hydrochloric acid (HCl) to the murine left mainstem bronchus causes acute tissue injury with histopathologic findings similar to human acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The resulting alveolar edema, alveolar-capillary barrier damage, and leukocyte infiltration predominantly affect the left lung, preserving the right lung as an uninjured control and allowing animals to survive. This model of self-limited acute lung injury enables investigation of tissue resolution mechanisms, such as macrophage efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils and restitution of alveolar-capillary barrier integrity. This model has helped identify important roles for resolution agonists, including specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), providing a foundation for the development of new therapeutic approaches for patients with ARDS.

Selective intra-bronchial acid instillation to the left lung in mice results in unilateral and self-limited acute lung injury that models human acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by gastric acid aspiration.

Tek Taraflı Bronşiyal Asit İnstillasyonu ile Kendi Kendine Sınırlı Akut Akciğer Hasarı Modeli

Selective intra-bronchial instillation of hydrochloric acid (HCl) to the murine left mainstem bronchus causes acute tissue injury with histopathologic ...

A Delayed Inoculation Model of Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Wound Infection

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a major nosocomial pathogen of increasing relevance to human health and disease, particularly in the setting of chronic wound infections in diabetic and hospitalized patients. There is an urgent need for chronic infection models to aid in the investigation of wound pathogenesis and the development of new therapies against this pathogen. Here, we describe a protocol that uses delayed inoculation 24 hours after full-thickness excisional wounding. The infection of the provisional wound matrix present at this time forestalls either rapid clearance or dissemination of infection and instead establishes chronic infection lasting 7&#8211;10 days without the need for implantation of foreign materials or immune suppression. This protocol mimics a typical temporal course of post-operative infection in humans. The use of a luminescent P. aeruginosa strain (PAO1:lux) allows for quantitative daily assessment of bacterial burden for P. aeruginosa wound infections. This novel model may be a useful tool in the investigation of bacterial pathogenesis and the development of new therapies for chronic P. aeruginosa wound infections.

A Delayed Inoculation Model of Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Wound Infection

We describe a delayed inoculation protocol for generating chronic wound infections in immunocompetent mice.

Kronik Pseudomonas aeruginosa Yara Enfeksiyonu Gecikmiş Aşılama Modeli

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a major nosocomial pathogen of increasing relevance to human health and disease, particularly in the setting of ...

P. aeruginosa Infected 3D Co-Culture of Bronchial Epithelial Cells and Macrophages at Air-Liquid Interface for Preclinical Evaluation of Anti-Infectives

fDrug research for the treatment of lung infections is progressing towards predictive in vitro models of high complexity. The multifaceted presence of bacteria in lung models can re-adapt epithelial arrangement, while immune cells coordinate an inflammatory response against the bacteria in the microenvironment. While in vivo models have been the choice for testing new anti-infectives in the context of cystic fibrosis, they still do not accurately mimic the in vivo conditions of such diseases in humans and the treatment outcomes. Complex in vitro models of the infected airways based on human cells (bronchial epithelial and macrophages) and relevant pathogens could bridge this gap and facilitate the translation of new anti-infectives into the clinic. For such purposes, a co-culture model of the human cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cell line CFBE41o- and THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages has been established, mimicking an infection of the human bronchial mucosa by P. aeruginosa at air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions. This model is set up in seven days, and the following parameters are simultaneously assessed: epithelial barrier integrity, macrophage transmigration, bacterial survival, and inflammation. The present protocol describes a robust and reproducible system for evaluating drug efficacy and host responses that could be relevant for discovering new anti-infectives and optimizing their aerosol delivery to the lungs.

P. aeruginosa Infected 3D Co-Culture of Bronchial Epithelial Cells and Macrophages at Air-Liquid Interface for Preclinical Evaluation of Anti-Infectives

We describe a protocol for a three-dimensional co-culture model of infected airways, using CFBE41o- cells, THP-1 macrophages, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, established at the air-liquid interface. This model provides a new platform to simultaneously test antibiotic efficacy, epithelial barrier function, and inflammatory markers.

P. aeruginosa Anti-Enfektiflerin Klinik Öncesi Değerlendirilmesi Için Hava-Sıvı Arabiriminde Bronşiyal Epitel Hücrelerin in enfekte 3D Eş Kültür

fDrug research for the treatment of lung infections is progressing towards predictive in vitro models of high complexity. The multifaceted presence of ...

Inducing Acute Lung Injury in Mice by Direct Intratracheal Lipopolysaccharide Instillation

Airway administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a common way to study pulmonary inflammation and acute lung injury (ALI) in small animal models. Various approaches have been described, such as the inhalation of aerosolized LPS as well as nasal or intratracheal instillation. The presented protocol describes a detailed step-by-step procedure to induce ALI in mice by direct intratracheal LPS instillation and perform FACS analysis of blood samples, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and lung tissue. After intraperitoneal sedation, the trachea is exposed and LPS is administered via a 22 G venous catheter. A robust and reproducible inflammatory reaction with leukocyte invasion, upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, and disruption of the alveolo-capillary barrier is induced within hours to days, depending on the LPS dosage used. Collection of blood samples, BAL fluid, and lung harvesting, as well as the processing for FACS analysis, are described in detail in the protocol. Although the use of the sterile LPS is not suitable to study pharmacologic interventions in infectious diseases, the described approach offers minimal invasiveness, simple handling, and good reproducibility to answer mechanistic immunological questions. Furthermore, dose titration as well as the use of alternative LPS preparations or mouse strains allow modulation of the clinical effects, which can exhibit different degrees of ALI severity or early vs. late onset of disease symptoms.

Presented here is a step-by-step procedure to induce acute lung injury in mice by direct intratracheal lipopolysaccharide instillation and to perform FACS analysis of blood samples, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissue. Minimal invasiveness, simple handling, good reproducibility, and titration of disease severity are advantages of this approach.

Doğrudan Intratracheal Lipopolysaccharide Instilasyon ile farelerde akut akciğer hasarının İndükleme

Airway administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a common way to study pulmonary inflammation and acute lung injury (ALI) in small animal models. ...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Kaynaklı Akciğer Hasarı Modeli

Özet

Daha Fazla Video Keşfet

Uzun Vadeli Kronik

Aerosolize Lipopolisakarid kullanma Yaratma Pulmoner nötrofilisi için bir yöntem

Mikrobiyal Toplulukları incelenmesi

Immünkompetan Kemirgenler bir Sağlam Pnömoni Modeli karşı antibakteriyel etkinliğini değerlendirmektir

Bir IL-8 Geçici Transgenize Edilmiş Fare Modeli

Akut Akciğer Hasarı Açık Trakeostomi Gastrik Asit Aspirasyon Fare Modeli Maksimal Akut Ölümcül olmayan Akciğer Hasarı Sonuçlar

Tek Taraflı Bronşiyal Asit İnstillasyonu ile Kendi Kendine Sınırlı Akut Akciğer Hasarı Modeli

Kronik Pseudomonas aeruginosa Yara Enfeksiyonu Gecikmiş Aşılama Modeli

P. aeruginosa Anti-Enfektiflerin Klinik Öncesi Değerlendirilmesi Için Hava-Sıvı Arabiriminde Bronşiyal Epitel Hücrelerin in enfekte 3D Eş Kültür

Doğrudan Intratracheal Lipopolysaccharide Instilasyon ile farelerde akut akciğer hasarının İndükleme