We thank SP Gygi and GM Church for help and guidance. This work was supported by a CNRS chaire d'excellence to ACT.

NOT: Bu yöntem daha önce 12 tarif edilmiştir. 1.. Protein İzolasyonu Tercihen, French pres, boncuk dayak veya sonikasyon gibi fiziksel yöntemlerle, yokedici hücreler tarafından hücre protein 1 mg hazırlayın. Enzim kütle spektrometresi ölçümleri bulandırabilir çünkü lizozim-aracılı hücre parçalanmasını önlemek. Proteinlerin 2. TCA Yağış Proteinlerini çöktürmek için 10 dakika süre ile buz üzerinde 4 hacim protein ve soğuk 1 hacim trikloroasetik asit (TCA) ilave edin. Santrifüj, 4 ° C&#39;de 5 dakika boyunca 12,000 x g ve supernatant çıkarın. 4 ° C&#39;de 5 dakika boyunca 12,000 xg&#39;de buz soğukluğunda aseton ve santrifüj 1 ml pelletini Süpernatantı ve 15 dakika boyunca pelet kurumaya bankta tüp ters. -80 ° C&#39;de saklayın protein granül 3.. Doğasını Proteinler ve disülfıt bağlarını azaltır Reproteinler askıya 500 ul denatürasyon ve indirgeme tamponu içinde ~ 2 mg / ml (50 mM HEPES pH 8.5, 5 mM DTT, 4 M üre ya da 3 ya da% SDS) için. İsteğe bağlı olarak, tampon maddesi içinde bir proteaz inhibitörü içerir. Oda sıcaklığında 10 dakika süre ile 56 ° C&#39;de 30 dakika boyunca inkübe edin proteinleri. 4. Aklylate Ücretsiz Sülfhidril Gruplar geri dönüşü olmayan disülfit bağ oluşumu bozacak Taze su içinde 0.3 M iodoasetamid hazırlayın. DİKKAT! Iodoacetamide son derece zehirlidir. 500 ul protein için 25 ul 0.3 M iodoasetamid (15 mM nihai konsantrasyon) ilave edin ve oda sıcaklığında karanlıkta 20 dakika boyunca inkübe edin. 300 mM DTT (5 mM DTT nihai konsantrasyon) ve 10 ul kadar iyodoasetamid eklenerek söndürülür. -80 ° C&#39;de saklayın alkile proteinleri 5.. Protein Sindirim TCA proteinleri çökeltmek (aşama 2&#39;de tarif edildiği gibi) ve 50 mM HEPES (pH 8.2), 1 ml, 1 M üre içinde tekrar süspansiyon. Lisil endoprotein bir stok solüsyonu hazırlayın2 ug / ul &#39;lik bir konsantrasyonda ve protein solüsyonuna 5 ul ekle suda ase (Lys-C). Oda sıcaklığında 16 saat boyunca karışımın inkübe edin. Nihai Lys-C konsantrasyonu, 10 ng / ml ve protein-to-lysC oranı (a / a) 1/200 ile 1/50 olduğu olduğundan emin olun. , 50 mM asetik asit, 40 ul içinde 20 ug tripsin dizileme gradlı yeniden süspanse Lys-C ile sindirilmiş 5 ul (10 ug tripsin) ekleyin ve 37 ° C de 6 saat inkübe Tripsin için kullanıldığı gibi Lys-C için aynı proteaz konsantrasyon ve proteaz-to-protein oranları kullanın. 6.. Ters-faz peptid Ekstraksiyon <ol><li> % 0.5 &#39;lik bir nihai konsantrasyona (pH ≈ 2), trifluoroasetik asit (TFA) eklenmesi ile peptidleri asitlendirilir. Bir ekstre manifolduna Bir C 18 sütunu takın. Peptidlerin yükleme ve elüsyon dışında tüm adımlar için mümkün olan en yüksek akış hızı kullanın. </li><li> 6 ml asetonitril (ACN) ile ıslak kolon. 6 ml% 80 ACN,% 0.1 TFA ile kolondan yıkanır, daha sonra 6 ml% 0.1 TFA ile dengeye getirin. Izin vermeyinadımlar arasında kuru çalıştırmak için sütun. </li><li> Vakum basıncı durdurmak ve yaklaşık olarak 1 ml / dk &#39;lık bir akış hızında kolona 500 ug peptidlerin yükleyin. Peptidler, kolon, yeniden vakum bağlanmıştır ve sonra, (0.09 M sitrik asit, 0.23 M Na 2 HPO 4, pH 5.5), sitrik asit tamponu, 3 ml ile, 6 ml% 0.1 TFA ile yıkayınız sonra. Not: Yüksek miktarda etiketli peptid edilebilir, ancak bağlama kapasitesi C18 kolon, en azından örnek kaybını önlemek için peptid miktarına göre iki kat daha yüksek olması gerekir. </li></ol> 7. On-kolonu İndirgemeli dimetilasyonu tarafından Peptit Etiketleme (Redi Etiketleme) Hidrojen siyanür Etiketleme işlemi sırasında düşük bir konsantrasyonda serbest olarak kimyasal bir başlık altında bu adımı gerçekleştirin. <ol><li> Peptid serbest aminler metillenmesi &quot;hafif&quot; ve &quot;ağır&quot; Redi tampon 12 ml hazırlayın. Işık Redi tamponu% 0.8 formaldehit ve inci hidrojeni taşıyan 0.12 M sodyumsiyanoborhidrid oluşursitrik asit tampon maddesi içinde EIR doğal izotopik dağılımları. Ağır Redi tamponu% 0.8 döteryumlu formaldehit ve sitrik asit tampon maddesi içinde 0.12 M döteryumlu sodyum siyanoborohidrid oluşur. </li><li> 1 ml / dakika akış hızında, peptid ihtiva eden sütunlar 10 ml hafif ya da ağır Redi tampon ya da eklenmesi ile peptidleri ihtiva eden bir sütun inkübe edin ve tam etiketleme sağlamak için tekrarlayın. Yıkama 6 ml% 0.1 TFA ile kolon ve daha sonra 1 ml% 0.5 asetik asit ile. </li><li> Vakum durdurmak ve yaklaşık olarak 0.5 ml / dk &#39;lık bir akış oranı kullanılarak, daha sonra 1 ml% 80 ACN ile% 0.5 asetik asit 1 ml% 40 ACN,% 0.5 asetik asit ile ilk işaretli peptidlerin elüsyonu. Eğer istenirse, ağır ve hafif örnekler karıştırma önce kütle spektrometresi ile bireysel örneklerin etiketleme verimliliği ölçmek (&quot;Temsilci Sonuçları&quot; bakın). Kütle spektrometresi ile belirlenebilir 1:1 ağır ve hafif-etiketli peptid örnekleri karıştırın. </li></ol> Temel pH Ters Faz (BPRP) kromatografi &lt;8. Ayrı Peptide Karışım/ P&gt; Temel pH bağımsız bir şekilde, proteom kapsamını arttırmak için LC-MS/MS ile analiz edilir çok sayıda kısmın içine peptid karışımını ayırmak için aşama (BPRP) kromatografisi. <ol><li> 10 mM amonyum bikarbonat (pH 8) içinde artan ACN konsantrasyon gradyanı uygulanarak bir C18-HPLC kolonu üzerinde peptit karışımının fraksiyonlanması. 5 dakika için% 5 (v / v) ACN ile başlayın, 60 dakika içinde,% 35 ACN artması ve daha sonra 1 dakika içinde% 90 ACN. 9 dakika boyunca yeniden dengeye sütun için% 5 ACN indirgeme önce, 4 dakika boyunca% 90 ACN saklayın. 96 oyuklu bir plaka (H12 için A1) eşit hacimde 96 fraksiyonları toplayın. Peptidler kolonu (burada tarif edilen koşullar için 10-70 dakika) kapalı elüsyon ise 220 nm&#39;de bir UV detektör kullanılarak fraksiyonasyon izleyin. </li><li> Kuyu A2, C2, E2, ve G2 (fraksiyon A2) için ve buna bağlı olarak için, kuyular, B1, D1, F1 ve H1 (fraksiyon B1) için, kuyu A1, C1, E1 ve G1 (fraksiyon A1) ikinci kısımları birleştiriniz Geri kalan kısımlar. Solvent çıkarınbir vakum santrifüj kullanılarak t. Fraksiyonlardan peptitler tekrar A1, B2, A3, B4, A5, B6, A7, B8, A9, B10, A11 ve B12 1 M urea/0.5% TFA 130 ul ve aşama 9&#39;da tarif edildiği gibi StageTips kullanılarak arındırmak. Mağazası fraksiyonlar B1, A2, B3, A4, B5, A6, B7, A8, B9, A10, B11, ve -20 ° C de A12 </li></ol> 9. Stop and Go Ekstraksiyon tarafından Arındırmak peptidler (StageTips) 1.07 mm iç çapı (ID) ile iki C18 diskler ile 200 ul pipet uçları ambalaj ile C18-StageTip 7 microcolumns hazırlayın. Eppendorf tüpleri içine Sahne ipuçları koydu. 130 | il metanol, daha sonra 130 ul% 80 ACN,% 0.5 asetik asit ile ipuçları yıkamak için, bir mikro santrifüj kullanın. 130 ul% 0.1 TFA ile StageTips dengelenmesi. StageTips peptit karışımı aktarın ve 40 ul,% 0.5 asetik asit, daha sonra 40 ul% 0.1 TFA, daha sonra 130 ul% 0.1 TFA ile yıkayın. 20 ul% 40 ACN,% 0.5 asetik asit, daha sonra 20 ul% 80 ACN,% 0.5 asetik asit ile ilk Peptidlerin elüsyonu. Kombine eluatlar and vakumla süzme ile kuru. 10. Microcapillary LC-MS/MS <ol><li> , Yaklaşık 1 ug / ul &#39;lik bir konsantrasyona 1-5 ul,% 5 formik asit,% 5 ACN peptitler çözülür. On ~ 1 ug peptidler gidermek bir 100 um x C18-ters 0.125% formik asit içinde% 6-22 ACN gradyanı ile faz HPLC kolonu ~ 300 nl / dk &#39;lık bir akış oranında, 75 veya 100 dakikalık bir süre içinde tatbik 20 cm. </li><li> Bir LTQ Orbitrap Velos 12 veya kütle spektrometresi, yüksek çözünürlük ve yüksek kütle doğruluğu sağlayarak benzer sıvı kromatografisi-kütle spektrometresi platformunu kullanarak peptidler tanımlayın. Orbitrap analizörü edinilen tam bir MS tarama (60.000 çözünürlük) ile veri-bağımlı modunda kütle spektrometresi çalıştırın. Tam MS spektrum tespit 20 en bol bulunan iyonlar için lineer iyon kapanı MS / MS spektrumunu üretir. MS / MS için 1 x 10 tam MS için 6 ve 2000 için otomatik kazanç kontrolü (AGC) hedefleri ayarlayın. 1000 msn maksimum iyon birikimi kez ayarlayabilirsinizMS ve MS / MS için 150 msn için. 20-60 sn MS / MS uzak seçimden parçalanmış peptid öncüsü iyonları dışlamak. </li></ol> 11. MS / MS Veri Toplama Bu parametreleri (Tablo 1) kullanılarak bu SEQUEST 8 gibi bir algoritma ile bir teorik veritabanı MS / MS spektrumları RAW dosyaları karşılaştırarak peptidler tanımlamak. Tablo 1. Peptit Veritabanı Arama Parametreleri. <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="600"><tbody><tr height="19"><td height="19" rowspan="3" style="height:19px;" width="180"> Genel Parametreler </td><td> kadar 2 ile tam triptik sindirim bölünmelere kaçırdı </td></tr><tr height="19"><td> 25 ppm öncül iyon tolerans </td></tr><tr height="19"><td> 1.0 Da fragman iyonu tolerans </td></tr><tr height="35"><td height="35" rowspan="2" style="height:36px;"> Statik Değişiklikler </strong&gt; </td><td> Sistein, carboxyamidomethylation üzerinde 57,02146 Da </td></tr><tr height="19"><td> Lisin ve peptid N-terminalinde on 28,03130 Da, hafif dimetilasyonu etiket </td></tr><tr height="19"><td height="19" rowspan="2" style="height:19px;"> Dinamik Değişiklikler </td><td> Metiyonin, oksidasyonu üzerindeki 15,99491 Da </td></tr><tr height="19"><td> Lisin ve peptid N-terminalinde, ağır dimetilasyonu etikette 6,03766 Da </td></tr></tbody></table><ol><li> Fiili ve ters yönlerde açık okuma çerçevelerinin bir veri tabanı kullanılarak bu tür hedef yem 9 strateji olarak bir yöntem ile,% 1 yanlış keşif oranına filtre peptidler. </li></ol> 12. Peptide Kantitasyonu Hesaplayın MS1 ağır ve hafif çiftlerinin alanlar iyon kromatogramları (MS1 pik alanları) ekstre edilmiş ve peptid sinyal-gürültü (S / N) oranları 10. Peptid çiftleri içerir yalnızca onların ortalama sinyal-noise oranı beş üzerindedir. Aynı peptid (MS1 tepe alanı oranı) ağır ve hafif versiyonlarının MS1 ​​pik alanlarının oranı olarak, iki örnekteki nispi bir peptidin bolluk ölçmek. Proteinin tüm peptidler için ortalama MS1 tepe alanı oranı olarak görece protein zengindi hesaplayın.

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Yazarlar herhangi bir mali çıkarlarını ya da diğer ilgi çatışmalarını beyan.

Yüksek ucuz etiketleme reaktifleri (reaktif numune başına 1 dolardan daha az maliyeti), hızlı reaksiyon hızı (~ 10 dk), yan ürünlerin yokluğu: Birkaç puan nicel Proteomikte için cazip bir yöntem indirgeyici dimetilasyonu (Redi etiketleme) kullanılarak peptidlerin kararlı izotop etiketleme yapmak tekrarlanabilirliği (Şekil 3, 4), sabit reaksiyon ürünleri, bir proteaz kullanma yeteneği ve işaretli peptidlerin yüksek iyonlaşma verim. Bir sentetik ortam üzerinde spesifik amino asit o...

Karmaşık numuneler arasında birçok proteinin konsantrasyonu farklılıklarını ölçme proteomikteki merkezi bir sorundur. Giderek, bu farklı izotopik etiketler, her numune proteinlerin etiketleme örnekleri birleştirilmesi ve konsantrasyon farkları ölçmek için kütle spektrometresi kullanılarak yapılmaktadır. Çeşitli yöntemler, protein ve peptid kararlı izotopik etiketleme için vardır. ICAT 3, 4 iTRAQ ve indirgeme dimetilasyonu 5 protein ekstraksiyonu ve sindirim sonra izotop etiketleri ekleme ise 15 N etiketleme 1 ve SILAC 2, in vivo olarak metabolik izotopik etiketler tanıtmak. Bu yöntemler arasında, indirgeyici dimetilasyonu (Redi etiketleme) numune hemen hemen her tür protein konsantrasyonu farklılıkları ölçmek için ucuz, tekrarlanabilir bir yöntem olarak popülerlik kazanıyor. Redi etiketleme düşürülür bir Schiff bazı oluşturmak üzere formaldehit ile reaksiyona sokulmasını içerir peptidlerisiyanoborohidrit. Bu reaksiyon, N-termini ve lisin yan zincirleri ve monomethylates N-terminal prolinler on serbest amino grupları dimethylates. Burada açıklanan protokol döteryumlu formaldehit ve siyanoborohidrit (Şekil 1) kullanılarak bir &quot;ağır&quot; etiketli doğal izotopik dağıtım ve örnek 2 hidrojen atomuna sahip reaktifler kullanılarak bir &quot;ışık&quot; etiketi ile örnek 1 &#39;de peptidler metile. Işık ve bir kütle spektrometresi kullanılarak, iki form arasında ayırt etmek için kullanılır ağır biçimleri arasında, 6,0377 Da&#39;lık bir kütle farkı, bir peptit sonuçlarına her dimetile amino grubudur. Özel olarak, nispi bolluk peptid ışığın MS1 ​​ekstre iyon kromatogram alanlarında oranında (MS1 alan doruk olan oranı) ve her bir peptit iyon çifti için ağır bir versiyonu olarak nicelendirilir. Bir proteinin nispi bolluk, proteinin tüm peptidler arasında orta MS1 tepe alanı oranı olarak hesaplanır. Bu yazıda, davranış için sağlam bir protokol açıklarters-faz peptid katı faz ekstraksiyonu, kolon Redi etiketleme, peptid fraksiyonasyon bazik pH fazı (BPRP) kromatografi tersine ve StageTips kullanarak peptid karışımları saflaştırılmasını (Şekil 2) içerir LC-MS/MS ile Redi etiketleme deneyleri ing . Biz kantitatif Proteomikte için Redi etiketleme kullanmanın avantajları ve sınırlamaları tartışmak.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="973">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:377px;">trichloroacetic acid</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">T9159</td>
			<td style="width:319px;">protein precipitation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">acetone</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">650501</td>
			<td>protein precipitation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Sodium dodecyl sulfate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">71736</td>
			<td>denature, reduce protein</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">sodium hydroxide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">S8045</td>
			<td>denature, reduce protein</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">DL-Dithiothreitol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">43816</td>
			<td>denature, reduce, alkylate protein</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">protease Inhibitor Complete Mini Cocktail</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>4693124001</td>
			<td>denature, reduce protein</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">iodoacetamide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>I6125</td>
			<td>alkylate protein</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">HEPES</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">H7523</td>
			<td>resuspend, extract, label protein</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">calcium chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">C5670</td>
			<td>resuspend protein</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:377px;">Lysyl Endoprotease</td>
			<td>Wako Chemicals</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">129-02541</td>
			<td>protein digestion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">sequencing grade trypsin</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">V5111</td>
			<td>protein digestion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">acetic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">320099</td>
			<td>protein digestion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">trifluoroacetic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>299537</td>
			<td>Reversed-phase peptide extraction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">tC18 Sep-Pak C18 cartridges</td>
			<td>Waters</td>
			<td>WAT054960</td>
			<td>Reversed-phase peptide extraction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">extraction manifold</td>
			<td>Waters</td>
			<td>WAT200609</td>
			<td>Reversed-phase peptide extraction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">acetonitrile</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">14261</td>
			<td>various</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">formaldehyde</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>252549</td>
			<td>&#8220;light&#8221; peptide labeling</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">cyanoborohydride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">71435</td>
			<td>&#8220;light&#8221; peptide labeling</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">deuterated formaldehyde</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>492620</td>
			<td>&#8220;heavy&#8221; peptide labeling</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">sodium cyanoborodeuteride</td>
			<td>CDN isotopes</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">D-1797</td>
			<td>&#8220;heavy&#8221; peptide labeling</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">MES</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M3671</td>
			<td>peptide labeling</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">C18-HPLC column (4.6 x 250 mm, 5 &#181;m particle size)</td>
			<td>Agilent</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">770450-902</td>
			<td>basic pH reversed-phase chromatography</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">formic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">399388</td>
			<td>various</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">C18 Empore Disks</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">14-386-3&#160;</td>
			<td>STAGE tips</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">methanol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">494437</td>
			<td>STAGE tips</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

quantitative proteomics using reductive dimethylation for stable isotope labeling

Indirgeyici dimetilasyonu (Redi etiketleme) tarafından peptidlerin kararlı izotop etiketleme doğru kütle spektrometresi kullanılarak örnekler arasında protein ekspresyon farklılıkları ölçmek için bir yöntemdir. Redi etiketleme her bir serbest amin için iki metil grubu eklemek için düzenli olarak (ışık) veya formaldehid ve sodyum siyanoborohidrid döteryumlanmış (ağır) formları kullanılarak gerçekleştirilir. Burada Redi etiketleme ve kompleks protein karışımları kantitatif karşılaştırılması için sağlam bir protokol göstermektedir. Karşılaştırma için Protein örnekleri hafif ya da ağır metil etiketler, karıştırılmış ve LC-MS/MS ile ko-analiz ya da taşımak için etiketli peptidler içine sindirilir. Bağıl protein bolluğu tam MS spektrumları elde oluşturucu peptidin ağır ve hafif olarak işaretlenmiş versiyonlarının iyon kromatogram tepe alanlarının karşılaştırılması ile nicelendirilir. Burada tarif edilen yöntem örnek ters-fazlı, katı faz ekstraksiyonu ile hazırlama, peptidlerin üzerinde kolon Redi etiketleme, bazik pH rev tarafından peptid içerir fraksiyonasyonersed faz (BPRP) kromatografi ve StageTip peptid saflaştırma. Biz kararlı izotop birleşme için diğer yöntemlere göre Redi etiketleme avantajları ve sınırlamaları tartışmak. Biz örnek hemen hemen her tür protein zengindi karşılaştırmak için, hızlı, ucuz ve doğru yöntem olarak Redi etiketleme kullanarak yeni uygulamalarını vurgulayın.

Biz Saccharomyces cerevisiae kullanılarak doğruluk, kesinlik ve Redi etiketleme tekrarlanabilirliği değerlendirildi ve Clostridium tüm hücre lizatlarını phytofermentans. Önce C bir karışımı Redi etiketleme verimliliği sayılabilir selüloz (ağır etiketli, H) ve glukoz (açık etiketli, L) kültürler protein lizatları phytofermentans. Bir% 1 peptit yanlış keşif orana süzüldü, bu örnek, bir% 98 verimle Redi etiketleme 11194 benzersiz peptid dizilerini i...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantitative Proteomics Using Reductive Dimethylation for Stable Isotope Labeling at JoVE.com

Quantitative Proteomics Using Reductive Dimethylation for Stable Isotope Labeling

Indirgeyici dimetilasyonu (Redi etiketleme) tarafından peptidlerin kararlı izotop etiketleme doğru kütle spektrometresi tabanlı nicel Proteomikte için hızlı, ucuz bir stratejidir. Burada, hemen hemen her tür örnek uygulanabilir Redi yaklaşım kullanılarak protein karışımlarının hazırlanması ve analizi için güçlü bir yöntem ortaya koymaktadır.

Kararlı İzotop Etiketleme için indirgeyici dimetilasyonu kullanma Sayısal Proteomiks

Stable isotope labeling of peptides by reductive dimethylation (ReDi labeling) is a method to accurately quantify protein expression differences between ...

quantitative-proteomics-using-reductive-dimethylation-for-stable

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

16.1K Görüntüleme.  Genoscope.  Indirgeyici dimetilasyonu (Redi etiketleme) tarafından peptidlerin kararlı izotop etiketleme doğru kütle spektrometresi tabanlı nicel Proteomikte için hızlı, ucuz bir stratejidir. Burada, hemen hemen her tür örnek uygulanabilir Redi yaklaşım kullanılarak protein karışımlarının hazırlanması ve analizi için güçlü bir yöntem ortaya koymaktadır. 

Video: Quantitative Proteomics Using Reductive Dimethylation for Stable Isotope Labeling

Large Scale Non-targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Serum by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS)

Non-targeted metabolite profiling by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) is a powerful technique to investigate metabolism. The approach offers an unbiased and in-depth analysis that can enable the development of diagnostic tests, novel therapies, and further our understanding of disease processes. The inherent chemical diversity of the metabolome creates significant analytical challenges and there is no single experimental approach that can detect all metabolites. Additionally, the biological variation in individual metabolism and the dependence of metabolism on environmental factors necessitates large sample numbers to achieve the appropriate statistical power required for meaningful biological interpretation. To address these challenges, this tutorial outlines an analytical workflow for large scale non-targeted metabolite profiling of serum by UPLC-MS. The procedure includes guidelines for sample organization and preparation, data acquisition, quality control, and metabolite identification and will enable reliable acquisition of data for large experiments and provide a starting point for laboratories new to non-targeted metabolite profiling by UPLC-MS.

Large Scale Non-targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Serum by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry UPLC-MS

Non-targeted metabolite profiling by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) is a powerful technique to investigate metabolism. This article outlines a typical workflow utilized for non-targeted metabolite profiling of serum including sample organization and preparation, data acquisition, data analysis, quality control, and metabolite identification.

Ultra Performans Sıvı Kromatografisi-Kütle Spektrometresi (UPLC-MS) ile Serum Büyük Ölçekli Sigara hedefli metabolomik Profilleme

Non-targeted metabolite profiling by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) is a powerful technique to ...

Kimya

Improved In-gel Reductive &#946;-Elimination for Comprehensive O-linked and Sulfo-glycomics by Mass Spectrometry

Separation of proteins by SDS-PAGE followed by in-gel proteolytic digestion of resolved protein bands has produced high-resolution proteomic analysis of biological samples. Similar approaches, that would allow in-depth analysis of the glycans carried by glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE, require special considerations in order to maximize recovery and sensitivity when using mass spectrometry (MS) as the detection method. A major hurdle to be overcome in achieving high-quality data is the removal of gel-derived contaminants that interfere with MS analysis. The sample workflow presented here is robust, efficient, and eliminates the need for in-line HPLC clean-up prior to MS. Gel pieces containing target proteins are washed in acetonitrile, water, and ethyl acetate to remove contaminants, including polymeric acrylamide fragments. O-linked glycans are released from target proteins by in-gel reductive &#946;-elimination and recovered through robust, simple clean-up procedures. An advantage of this workflow is that it improves sensitivity for detecting and characterizing sulfated glycans. These procedures produce an efficient separation of sulfated permethylated glycans from non-sulfated (sialylated and neutral) permethylated glycans by a rapid phase-partition prior to MS analysis, and thereby enhance glycomic and sulfoglycomic analyses of glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE.

In order to comprehensively explore the diversity of O-linked glycans, a new procedure for in-gel reductive &#946;-elimination, combined with permethylation and a rapid phase-partition method, is applied to the analysis of O-linked glycans directly released from glycoproteins resolved by SDS-PAGE and amenable to subsequent glycomic analysis by mass spectrometry.

Kütle spektrometresi ile In-jel Geliştirilmiş İndirgemeli β-Eleme Kapsamlı O-bağlı ve için Sulfo-Glikomik

Separation of proteins by SDS-PAGE followed by in-gel proteolytic digestion of resolved protein bands has produced high-resolution proteomic analysis of ...

Quantitative and Qualitative Examination of Particle-particle Interactions Using Colloidal Probe Nanoscopy

Colloidal Probe Nanoscopy (CPN), the study of the nano-scale interactive forces between a specifically prepared colloidal probe and any chosen substrate using the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), can provide key insights into physical interactions present within colloidal systems. Colloidal systems are widely existent in several applications including, pharmaceuticals, foods, paints, paper, soil and minerals, detergents, printing and much more.1-3 Furthermore, colloids can exist in many states such as emulsions, foams and suspensions. Using colloidal probe nanoscopy one can obtain key information on the adhesive properties, binding energies and even gain insight into the physical stability and coagulation kinetics of the colloids present within. Additionally, colloidal probe nanoscopy can be used with biological cells to aid in drug discovery and formulation development. In this paper we describe a method for conducting colloidal probe nanoscopy, discuss key factors that are important to consider during the measurement, and show that both quantitative and qualitative data that can be obtained from such measurements.

Colloidal probe nanoscopy can be used within a variety of fields to gain insight into the physical stability and coagulation kinetics of colloidal systems and aid in drug discovery and formulation sciences using biological systems. The method described within provides a quantitative and qualitative means to study such systems.

Kolloidal Probe Nanoscopy kullanarak parçacık-parçacık Etkileşimleri Nicel ve Nitel Sınav

Colloidal Probe Nanoscopy (CPN), the study of the nano-scale interactive forces between a specifically prepared colloidal probe and any chosen substrate ...

CN-GELFrEE - Clear Native Gel-eluted Liquid Fraction Entrapment Electrophoresis

Protein complexes perform an array of crucial cellular functions. Elucidating their non-covalent interactions and dynamics is paramount for understanding the role of complexes in biological systems. While the direct characterization of biomolecular assemblies has become increasingly important in recent years, native fractionation techniques that are compatible with downstream analysis techniques, including mass spectrometry, are necessary to further expand these studies. Nevertheless, the field lacks a high-throughput, wide-range, high-recovery separation method for native protein assemblies. Here, we present clear native gel-eluted liquid fraction entrapment electrophoresis (CN-GELFrEE), which is a novel separation modality for non-covalent protein assemblies. CN-GELFrEE separation performance was demonstrated by fractionating complexes extracted from mouse heart. Fractions were collected over 2 hr and displayed discrete bands ranging from ~30 to 500 kDa. A consistent pattern of increasing molecular weight bandwidths was observed, each ranging ~100 kDa. Further, subsequent reanalysis of native fractions via SDS-PAGE showed molecular-weight shifts consistent with the denaturation of protein complexes. Therefore, CN-GELFrEE was proved to offer the ability to perform high-resolution and high-recovery native separations on protein complexes from a large molecular weight range, providing fractions that are compatible with downstream protein analyses.

This protocol describes how to prepare and perform clear native gel-eluted liquid fraction entrapment electrophoresis (CN-GELFrEE), a native separation technique for non-covalent biomolecular assemblies and proteins from heterogeneous samples that is compatible with various downstream protein analysis techniques.

CN-GELFrEE - net yerli jel-elüt sıvı kısmı Tuzak Elektroforez

Protein complexes perform an array of crucial cellular functions. Elucidating their non-covalent interactions and dynamics is paramount for understanding ...

A Quantitative Glycomics and Proteomics Combined Purification Strategy

There is a growing desire in the biological and clinical sciences to integrate and correlate multiple classes of biomolecules to unravel biology, define pathways, improve treatment, understand disease, and aid biomarker discovery. N-linked glycosylation is one of the most important and robust post-translational modifications on proteins and regulates critical cell functions such as signaling, adhesion, and enzymatic function. Analytical techniques to purify and analyze N-glycans have remained relatively static over the last decade. While accurate and effective, they commonly require significant expertise and resources. Though some high-throughput purification schemes have been developed, they have yet to find widespread adoption and often rely on the enrichment of glycopeptides. One promising method, developed by Thomas-Oates et al., filter aided N-glycan separation (FANGS), was qualitatively demonstrated on tissues. Herein, we adapted FANGS to plasma and coupled it to the individuality normalization when labeling with glycan hydrazide tags strategy in order to achieve accurate relative quantification by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and enhanced electrospray ionization. Furthermore, we designed new functionality to the protocol by achieving tandem, shotgun proteomics and glycosylation site analysis on hen plasma. We showed that N-glycans purified on filter and derivatized by hydrophobic hydrazide tags were comparable in terms of abundance and class to those by solid phase extraction (SPE); the latter is considered a gold standard in the field. Importantly, the variability in the two protocols was not statistically different. Proteomic data that was collected in-line with glycomic data had the same depth compared to a standard trypsin digest. Peptide deamidation is minimized in the protocol, limiting non-specific deamidation detected at glycosylation motifs. This allowed for direct glycosylation site analysis, though the protocol can accommodate 18O site labeling as well. Overall, we demonstrated a new in-line high-throughput, unbiased, filter based protocol for quantitative glycomics and proteomics analysis.

A high-throughput protocol was developed for combined proteomics and glycomics purification and LC-MS/MS quantification in plasma. Deamidation analysis of N-linked glycosylation motifs was specific to deglycosylated sites. Accurate quantitation of N-glycans was achieved by coupling filter aided N-glycan separation to the individuality normalization when labeling with glycan hydrazide tags strategy.

Nicel Glycomics ve Proteomik Kombine Arıtma Stratejisi

There is a growing desire in the biological and clinical sciences to integrate and correlate multiple classes of biomolecules to unravel biology, define ...

Standards for Quantitative Metalloproteomic Analysis Using Size Exclusion ICP-MS

Metals are essential for protein function as cofactors to catalyze chemical reactions. Disruption of metal homeostasis is implicated in a number of diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, but the exact role these metals play is yet to be fully elucidated. Identification of metalloproteins encounters many challenges and difficulties. Here we report an approach that allows metalloproteins in complex samples to be quantified. This is achieved using size exclusion chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (SEC-ICP-MS). Using six known metalloproteins, the size exclusion column can be calibrated and the respective trace elements (iron, copper, zinc, cobalt, iodine) can be used for quantification. SEC-ICP-MS traces of human brain and plasma are presented. The use of these metalloprotein standards provides the means to quantitatively compare metalloprotein abundances between biological samples. This technique is poised to help shed light on the role of metalloproteins in neurodegenerative disease as well as other diseases where imbalances in trace elements are implicated.

Size exclusion chromatography hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a powerful tool to measure changes in the abundance of metalloproteins directly from biological samples. Here we describe a set of metalloprotein standards used to estimate molecular mass and the amount of metal associated with unknown proteins.

Boyut Dışlama ICP-MS kullanarak Nicel Metalloproteomic Analiz Standartları

Metals are essential for protein function as cofactors to catalyze chemical reactions. Disruption of metal homeostasis is implicated in a number of ...

Highly Stable, Functional Hairy Nanoparticles and Biopolymers from Wood Fibers: Towards Sustainable Nanotechnology

Nanoparticles, as one of the key materials in nanotechnology and nanomedicine, have gained significant importance during the past decade. While metal-based nanoparticles are associated with synthetic and environmental hassles, cellulose introduces a green, sustainable alternative for nanoparticle synthesis. Here, we present the chemical synthesis and separation procedures to produce new classes of hairy nanoparticles (bearing both amorphous and crystalline regions) and biopolymers based on wood fibers. Through periodate oxidation of soft wood pulp, the glucose ring of cellulose is opened at the C2-C3 bond to form 2,3-dialdehyde groups. Further heating of the partially oxidized fibers (e.g., T = 80 &#176;C) results in three products, namely fibrous oxidized cellulose, sterically stabilized nanocrystalline cellulose (SNCC), and dissolved dialdehyde modified cellulose (DAMC), which are well separated by intermittent centrifugation and co-solvent addition. The partially oxidized fibers (without heating) were used as a highly reactive intermediate to react with chlorite for converting almost all aldehyde to carboxyl groups. Co-solvent precipitation and centrifugation resulted in electrosterically stabilized nanocrystalline cellulose (ENCC) and dicarboxylated cellulose (DCC). The aldehyde content of SNCC and consequently surface charge of ENCC (carboxyl content) were precisely controlled by controlling the periodate oxidation reaction time, resulting in highly stable nanoparticles bearing more than 7 mmol functional groups per gram of nanoparticles (e.g., as compared to conventional NCC bearing &#60;&#60; 1 mmol functional group/g). Atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) attested to the rod-like morphology. Conductometric titration, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), electrokinetic-sonic-amplitude (ESA) and acoustic attenuation spectroscopy shed light on the superior properties of these nanomaterials.

Synthesis schemes to prepare highly stable wood fiber-based hairy nanoparticles and functional cellulose-based biopolymers have been detailed.

Son derece kararlı, Fonksiyonel Tüylü Nanoparçacıklar ve Ahşap Elyaf Biyopolimerler: Sürdürülebilir Nanoteknoloji Doğru

Nanoparticles, as one of the key materials in nanotechnology and nanomedicine, have gained significant importance during the past decade. While ...

Peptide and Protein Quantification Using Automated Immuno-MALDI (iMALDI)

Mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most commonly used technologies for quantifying proteins in complex samples, with excellent assay specificity as a result of the direct detection of the mass-to-charge ratio of each target molecule. However, MS-based proteomics, like most other analytical techniques, has a bias towards measuring high-abundance analytes, so it is challenging to achieve detection limits of low ng/mL or pg/mL in complex samples, and this is the concentration range for many disease-relevant proteins in biofluids such as human plasma. To assist in the detection of low-abundance analytes, immuno-enrichment has been integrated into the assay to concentrate and purify the analyte before MS measurement, significantly improving assay sensitivity. In this work, the immuno- Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (iMALDI) technology is presented for the quantification of proteins and peptides in biofluids, based on immuno-enrichment on beads, followed by MALDI-MS measurement without prior elution. The anti-peptide antibodies are functionalized on magnetic beads, and incubated with samples. After washing, the beads are directly transferred onto a MALDI target plate, and the signals are measured by a MALDI-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) instrument after the matrix solution has been applied to the beads. The sample preparation procedure is simplified compared to other immuno-MS assays, and the MALDI measurement is fast. The whole sample preparation is automated with a liquid handling system, with improved assay reproducibility and higher throughput. In this article, the iMALDI assay is used for determining the peptide angiotensin I (Ang I) concentration in plasma, which is used clinically as readout of plasma renin activity for the screening of primary aldosteronism (PA).

Peptide and Protein Quantification Using Automated Immuno-MALDI iMALDI

A protocol for the protein quantification in complex biological fluids using automated immuno-MALDI (iMALDI) technology is presented.

Peptid ve Protein miktar kullanarak otomatik IMMUNO-maldı (iMALDI)

Mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most commonly used technologies for quantifying proteins in complex samples, with excellent assay specificity as a ...

Rapid Nanoprobe Signal Enhancement by In Situ Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

The use of nanoprobes such as gold, silver, silica or iron-oxide nanoparticles as detection reagents in bioanalytical assays can enable high sensitivity and convenient colorimetric readout. However, high densities of nanoparticles are typically needed for detection. The available synthesis-based enhancement protocols are either limited to gold and silver nanoparticles or rely on precise enzymatic control and optimization. Here, we present a protocol to enhance the colorimetric readout of gold, silver, silica, and iron oxide nanoprobes. It was observed that the colorimetric signal can be improved by up to a 10000-fold factor. The basis for such signal enhancement strategies is the chemical reduction of Au3+ to Au0. There are several chemical reactions that enable the reduction of Au3+ to Au0. In the protocol, Good&#39;s buffers and H2O2 are used and it is possible to favor the deposition of Au0 onto the surface of existing nanoprobes, in detriment of the formation of new gold nanoparticles. The protocol consists of the incubation of the microarray with a solution consisting of chloroauric acid and H2O2 in 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid pH 6 buffer following the nanoprobe-based detection assay. The enhancement solution can be applied to paper and glass-based sensors. Moreover, it can be used in commercially available immunoassays as demonstrated by the application of the method to a commercial allergen microarray. The signal development requires less than 5 min of incubation with the enhancement solution and the readout can be assessed by naked eye or low-end image acquisition devices such as a table-top scanner or a digital camera.

Rapid Nanoprobe Signal Enhancement by In Situ Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

In this work, a protocol for signal enhancement of nanoprobe-based biosensing is presented. The protocol is based on the reduction of chloroauric acid onto the surface of existing nanoprobes that consist of gold, silver, silica or iron-oxide nanoparticles.

Hızlı Nanoprobe sinyal geliştirme içinde in Situ altın nanoparçacık sentezi tarafından

The use of nanoprobes such as gold, silver, silica or iron-oxide nanoparticles as detection reagents in bioanalytical assays can enable high sensitivity ...

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles

Bicyclic aziridinium ions were generated by the removal of an appropriate leaving group through internal nucleophilic attack by nitrogen atom in the aziridine ring. The utility of bicyclic aziridinium ions, specifically 1-azoniabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane and 1-azoniabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane tosylate highlighted in the aziridine ring openings by the nucleophile with the release of the ring strain to yield the corresponding ring-expanded azaheterocycles such as pyrrolidine, piperidine and azepane with diverse substituents on the ring in regio- and stereospecific manner. Herein, we report a simple and convenient method for the preparation of the stable 1-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane tosylate followed by selective ring opening via a nucleophilic attack either at the bridge or at the bridgehead carbon to yield piperidine and azepane rings, respectively. This synthetic strategy allowed us to prepare biologically active natural products containing piperidine and azepane motif including sedamine, allosedamine, fagomine and balanol in highly efficient manner.

Bicyclic aziridinium ions such as 1-azoniabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane tosylate were generated from 2-[4-tolenesulfonyloxybutyl]aziridine, which was utilized for the preparation of substituted piperidines and azepanes via regio- and stereospecific ring-expansion with various nucleophiles. This highly efficient protocol allowed us to prepare diverse azaheterocycles including natural products such as fagomine, febrifugine analogue and balanol.

Kararlı Bicyclic Aziridinium iyonları ve onların halka açılış Azaheterocycles sentezi için hazırlanması

Bicyclic aziridinium ions were generated by the removal of an appropriate leaving group through internal nucleophilic attack by nitrogen atom in the ...