1.. Kurulum Hizalama <ol><li> Kabaca aynı eksen üzerinde lazer, ışın Expender, lens ve kamera hizalayarak başlayın, bu optik eksen olacaktır. </li><li> (USAT hedef olmadan) lazer açın ve hafif lens merkezinden geçer emin olun. Doğrulamak için bir diyafram iris kullanın. </li><li> Kamerayı açın ve ışık kameranın ortasına odaklanır emin olun. </li><li> Lineer z sahne kullanarak, kamerayı geri kayması. Sistem odak dışına olduğundan, ışığın nokta büyüyecek. Nokta merkez aynı lateral pozisyonda kalır emin olun. Eğer değilse, dikkatli görüntüleme sisteminin konumunu değiştirmek ve spot piksel seviyesine kadar, aynı uzamsal konumda kalana kadar bu adımı tekrarlayın. </li></ol> 2. Üç Odakdışı Düzlemlerde at Görüntüleme <ol><li> Kiriş Expender önünde test hedefine yerleştirin. Içinden geçen ışık inci geçecek, böylece hedef yerleştirinLensin kaba merkezi. </li><li> Bir görüntü yakalamak. Bu görüntü bir çapa noktası olacak ve konumu z 0 olacak, x 0 (tüm diğer görüntüler konumu referans olacaktır). Bu görüntü I 1, b olacaktır. </li><li> (Lineer z sahne kullanarak) dz = 5.08 mm (veya 0.2) bir mesafe kamera geri kayması ve görüntü yakalamak. Bu görüntü I 2, b olacak. </li><li> Kamera DZ = 5.08 mm başka bir mesafe (z 0 göreli 10.16 mm) geri kayması ve görüntü yakalamak. Bu görüntü I 3, b olacaktır. </li><li> Geri z 0 gidin. </li></ol> 3. Diyafram taranıyor <ol><li> (Lineer x sahne kullanarak) yanal dx = 2.5 mm&#39;lik bir mesafe tüm görüntüleme sistemi Shift ve görüntüsünü yakalayabilir. Bu görüntü I 1, bir olacaktır. </li><li> Protokol 2 işlemi tekrarlayın. (Lineer z sahne kullanarak) Kamera DZ = 5.08 mm&#39;lik bir mesafe geri kayması ve bir görüntü yakalamak (I 2, a). Th geri kaymasıe kamera dz = 5.08 mm başka bir mesafe ve bir görüntü yakalamak (I 3, a). </li><li> Şimdi, diğer taraf için tekrarlayın. Görüntüleme sistemi dx = -2.5 mm&#39;lik bir mesafe Shift ve üç z pozisyonlarında üç görüntülerin bir dizi yakalamak (ben 1-3 c). </li><li> Z 0, x 0 geri dön. </li></ol> 4. Faz Alma (Sayısal Hesaplama) <ol><li> Üç kere yöntemi 14 ve görüntü I 1-3, b kullanarak, 1, b. Alındığı fazı kullanarak, B, Q 1 tanımlayan görüntünün optik fazı almak. </li><li> Iteratif süreç yakinsar doğrulamak için 2, | q 1, b | I 1 a, b ve arasındaki korelasyon katsayısı izleyin. Bunu yapmak için, MATLAB &#39;corr2&#39; işlevini kullanın. </li><li> I 1-3 a ve I 1-3, c faz alma işlemini tekrarlayın. </li></ol> 5. Süper Çözülmüş Görüntü (Sayısal Hesaplama) <ol><li> Uİntegral 15, geri mercek düzlemine tarlalar q 1, ac yaymak Fresnel boş alan yayılma (FSP) şarkı. Bu alanlar Ê lens, ac + olacaktır. </li><li> Geri lens geçmek amacıyla, exp (+ πix 0 2) / λf) tarafından elde edilen tarlalar Ê lens, ac + çarpın. - Bu alanlar Ê lens, ac olacaktır. </li><li> Alan Ê lens yerleştirmek için olarak, orijinal konumunda, yanal olarak dx = 2.5 mm&#39;lik bir mesafe kayması. </li><li> Yanal dx = -2.5 mm&#39;lik bir mesafe vardiya, orijinal pozisyonuna c, alan Ê mercek yerleştirmek için. </li><li> Bunları birleştirmek, ve sentetik diyafram boyutunu artırmak amacıyla üç Alanlar E lens, ac, Sum. </li><li> (-Πix 0 2) / λf) exp çıkan alanını çarpın, ve boş alan resim düzlemine bunu yaymak. </li><li> Bir faktör o tarafından bir çözünürlük iyileştirmetarama yönünde f 3 tanık olmalıdır. </li></ol>

<ol>
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Ifşa hiçbir şey yok.

Bu yazıda sunulan optik Yapay Açıklıklı Radar (OSAR) kavramı tarama yönünde bir nesnenin uzaysal çözünürlüğü artırmak amacıyla GS algoritması ve tarama tekniği kullanan yeni bir süper çözümlenir yaklaşımdır. Görüntüleme platformu hareketi kendi ürettiği bir hava veya uydu platformu kullanırken olabilir. Birçok zaman çoklama SR teknikleri farklı olarak, bu yöntem, görüntüleme işlemi sırasında sabit olduğu gerçeği dışında herhangi bir nesne önsel bilgi gerektirmez....

Radar görüntüleme, nabız Radyo Frekans (RF) bir dar açılı ışın bir platform üzerine monte edilmiş bir anten kullanılarak aktarılır. Radar sinyal yüzey 1,2 doğru bir yan görünümlü yönde iletir. Yansıyan sinyal yüzeyden saçılan ve aynı anteni 2 tarafından alınır. Alınan sinyaller bir radar görüntüye dönüştürülür. Gerçek Açıklıklı Radar (RAR) azimut yönünde çözünürlük diyafram boyut 3 dalga boyu ile orantılı ve ters orantılıdır. Bu nedenle, daha büyük bir anten azimut yüksek çözünürlük gereklidir. Ancak bu uçak ve uydu gibi bir hareket eden platformlar büyük antenini zordur. 1951 yılında Wiley 4 görüntüleme platformu hareketi tarafından oluşturulan Doppler etkisini kullanır (SAR) Sentetik Açıklıklı Radar adı verilen yeni bir radar tekniği önerdi. SAR olarak, genlik hem de alınan sinyalin faz 5 kaydedilir </sup&gt;. SAR optik frekans yaklaşık 1-100 GHz 6 ve faz platformun üstüne monte edilmiş bir referans yerel rezonatör kullanılarak kaydedilir olduğu için bu mümkündür. Optik görüntüleme, daha kısa dalga boyları gibi görünür gibi, kullanılmış olan yaklaşık 1 um olan yakın enfraruj (NIR), yaklaşık olarak 10 ila 14 Hz arasında frekansı, yani. Alan şiddeti, yerine alan kendisi, standart silikon bazlı dedektörler kullanılarak saptanması için çok hızlı, optik faz değiştiği tespit ediliyor. Bir optik sistem aracılığıyla bir nesne görüntüleme da, optik açıklık, bir düşük-geçiş filtresi olarak hizmet vermektedir. Bu yüzden, nesnenin yüksek frekans alan bilgi 7 kaybolur. Bu yazıda faz kaybetti ve kırınım sınırı etkisi, yani ayrı ayrı yukarıda belirtilen konuların her çözmek hedefliyoruz. Gerchberg ve Saxton (GS) 8 optik faz retrie olabilir önerditekrarlanan bir işlem kullanarak ved. Misell 9-11 herhangi iki giriş ve çıkış uçaklar için algoritma genişletmiştir. Bu yaklaşımlar minimal ortalama kare hata (MSE) 12,13 ile bir faz dağılımının yakınsama kanıtlanmıştır. Gür ve Zalevsky 14 Misell algoritma geliştiren üç uçakları yöntem sundu. Biz SAR uygulamada anten ile yapıldığı gibi, görüntüleme lens kayması sırasında faz geri bize sentetik tarama ekseni boyunca açıklık etkin boyutunu artırmak ve sonuç olarak ortaya görüntü çözünürlüğünü geliştirmek için izin teklif ve deneysel olarak göstermektedir. Interferometrik ve holografiyi kullanılarak optik görüntüleme içinde SAR uygulama 16,17 iyi bilinmektedir. Ancak, önerilen yöntem (örneğin yan görünümlü hava platformu olarak) insicamsız görüntüleme için uygun hale, bir tarama görüntüleme platformu taklit hedeflenmektedir. Böylece, holografi kavramı, WHIch, bir referans ışını kullanan böyle bir uygulama için uygun değildir. Bunun yerine, revize Gerchberg-Saxton&#39;dan algoritması fazı almak için kullanılır.

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time multiplexing super resolving technique for imaging from a moving platform

Biz, bir nesnenin çözünürlüğünü artırmak ve bu tür bir havada kalan bir platformun ya da uydu gibi bir hareket eden görüntüleme sistemi, üzerine yerleştirilmiş bir optik sistemin bir kırılma sınırı aşılması için bir yöntem önermektedir. Çözünürlük geliştirme iki aşamalı bir süreçte elde edilir. İlk olarak, üç düşük çözünürlük farklı defocused görüntüleri esir ediliyor ve optik faz geliştirilmiş iteratif Gerchberg-Saxton&#39;dan tabanlı algoritma kullanılarak alınır. Faz alma sayısal geri diyafram düzlemine alanını yaymak için izin verir. İkinci olarak, görüntüleme sistemi kaydırılır ve ilk adımı tekrar edilir. Diyafram düzlemde edilen optik alanlar birleştirilir ve bir sentetik delik merceği artan daha yüksek görüntü çözünürlüğü, sonuçta hareket yönü boyunca oluşturulur. Bir yöntem olup, mikrodalga rejimden iyi bilinen bir yaklaşım, anten büyüklüğü sentetik platformu boyunca artan edildiği Sentetik Diyafram Radar (SAR) olarak benzeryayılma yönü. Önerilen yöntem, laboratuvar deneyi ile gösterilmiştir.

<html> Dokuz çekilen görüntülerin (üç yan pozisyonlarında üç odak dışı görüntüler) için bir örnek Şekil 3&#39;de gösterilmiştir. GS yakınsama için bir örneği, Şekil 4&#39;te gösterilmiştir. I 1 merkezi görüntü için korelasyon katsayısı, b 0.95 üzerinde ve yan görüntüleri I 1 için korelasyon katsayısı, a, ve 1, c (tüm 0,99 geçirilen tüm sayısal simülasyonda) 0.8...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Time Multiplexing Super Resolving Technique for Imaging from a Moving Platform at JoVE.com

Time Multiplexing Super Resolving Technique for Imaging from a Moving Platform

Optik kırılma limiti aşmak için bir yöntem sunulmuştur. Optik tekrarlayıcı Gerchberg-Saxton&#39;dan algoritması kullanılarak faz alma ve ilk aşamanın tekrar takip görüntüleme sistemi vites: Bu yöntem, iki aşamalı bir süreci içerir. Bir sentetik lens açıklığı artan daha yüksek görüntü çözünürlüğü verimli, hareket yönü boyunca oluşturulur.

Bir Hareketli Platform Görüntüleme Zaman çoğullama Süper Çözme Tekniği

We propose a method for increasing the resolution of an object and overcoming the diffraction limit of an optical system installed on top of a moving ...

time-multiplexing-super-resolving-technique-for-imaging-from-moving

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

8.4K Görüntüleme.  Bar-Ilan University.  Optik kırılma limiti aşmak için bir yöntem sunulmuştur. Optik tekrarlayıcı Gerchberg-Saxton'dan algoritması kullanılarak faz alma ve ilk aşamanın tekrar takip görüntüleme sistemi vites: Bu yöntem, iki aşamalı bir süreci içerir. Bir sentetik lens açıklığı artan daha yüksek görüntü çözünürlüğü verimli, hareket yönü boyunca oluşturulur. 

Video: Time Multiplexing Super Resolving Technique for Imaging from a Moving Platform

Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface

Two apparatuses for examining liquid jet impingement on a high-speed moving surface are described: an air cannon device (for examining surface speeds between 0 and 25 m/sec) and a spinning disk device (for examining surface speeds between 15 and 100 m/sec). The air cannon linear traverse is a pneumatic energy-powered system that is designed to accelerate a metal rail surface mounted on top of a wooden projectile. A pressurized cylinder fitted with a solenoid valve rapidly releases pressurized air into the barrel, forcing the projectile down the cannon barrel. The projectile travels beneath a spray nozzle, which impinges a liquid jet onto its metal upper surface, and the projectile then hits a stopping mechanism. A camera records the jet impingement, and a pressure transducer records the spray nozzle backpressure. The spinning disk set-up consists of a steel disk that reaches speeds of 500 to 3,000 rpm via a variable frequency drive (VFD) motor. A spray system similar to that of the air cannon generates a liquid jet that impinges onto the spinning disc, and cameras placed at several optical access points record the jet impingement. Video recordings of jet impingement processes are recorded and examined to determine whether the outcome of impingement is splash, splatter, or deposition. The apparatuses are the first that involve the high speed impingement of low-Reynolds-number liquid jets on high speed moving surfaces. In addition to its rail industry applications, the described technique may be used for technical and industrial purposes such as steelmaking and may be relevant to high-speed 3D printing.

Two experimental devices for examining liquid jet impingement on a high-speed moving surface are described: an air cannon device and a spinning disk device. The apparatuses are used to determine optimal approaches to the application of liquid friction modifier (LFM) onto rail tracks for top-of-rail friction control.

Bir Hareketli Yüzeyde Yüksek Hızlı Sıvı Jet birikiminin Görselleştirme

Two apparatuses for examining liquid jet impingement on a high-speed moving surface are described: an air cannon device (for examining surface speeds ...

Mühendislik

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Plasmonics, which are based on the collective oscillation of electrons due to light excitation, involve strongly enhanced local electric fields and thus have potential applications in nonlinear optics, which requires extraordinary optical intensity. One of the most studied nonlinearities in plasmonics is nonlinear absorption, including saturation and reverse saturation behaviors. Although scattering and absorption in nanoparticles are closely correlated by the Mie theory, there has been no report of nonlinearities in plasmonic scattering until very recently. 
Last year, not only saturation, but also reverse saturation of scattering in an isolated plasmonic particle was demonstrated for the first time. The results showed that saturable scattering exhibits clear wavelength dependence, which seems to be directly linked to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Combined with the intensity-dependent measurements, the results suggest the possibility of a common mechanism underlying the nonlinear behaviors of scattering and absorption. These nonlinearities of scattering from a single gold nanosphere (GNS) are widely applicable, including in super-resolution microscopy and optical switches. 
In this paper, it is described in detail how to measure nonlinearity of scattering in a single GNP and how to employ the super-resolution technique to enhance the optical imaging resolution based on saturable scattering. This discovery features the first super-resolution microscopy based on nonlinear scattering, which is a novel non-bleaching contrast method that can achieve a resolution as low as l/8 and will potentially be useful in biomedicine and material studies.

Saturable and reverse saturable scattering were discovered in isolated plasmonic particles and adopted as a novel non-bleaching contrast method in super-resolution microscopy. Here the experimental procedures of detecting and extracting nonlinear scattering are explained in detail, as well as how to enhance resolution with the aid of saturated excitation microscopy.

Tek plasmonik Nanoparçacığı gelen doğrusal olmayan Saçılma Ölçülmesi

Plasmonics, which are based on the collective oscillation of electrons due to light excitation, involve strongly enhanced local electric fields and thus ...

Use of a Multi-compartment Dynamic Single Enzyme Phantom for Studies of Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Agents

Imaging of hyperpolarized substrates by magnetic resonance shows great clinical promise for assessment of critical biochemical processes in real time. Due to fundamental constraints imposed by the hyperpolarized state, exotic imaging and reconstruction techniques are commonly used. A practical system for characterization of dynamic, multi-spectral imaging methods is critically needed. Such a system must reproducibly recapitulate the relevant chemical dynamics of normal and pathological tissues. The most widely utilized substrate to date is hyperpolarized [1-13C]-pyruvate for assessment of cancer metabolism. We describe an enzyme-based phantom system that mediates the conversion of pyruvate to lactate. The reaction is initiated by injection of the hyperpolarized agent into multiple chambers within the phantom, each of which contains varying concentrations of reagents that control the reaction rate. Multiple compartments are necessary to ensure that imaging sequences faithfully capture the spatial and metabolic heterogeneity of tissue. This system will aid the development and validation of advanced imaging strategies by providing chemical dynamics that are not available from conventional phantoms, as well as control and reproducibility that is not possible in vivo.

A multi-compartment dynamic phantom is used to simulate some biology of interest for metabolic studies using hyperpolarized magnet resonance agents.

Hiperpolarize Manyetik Rezonans Ajanlar Araştırmaları bir Multi-bölmesi Dinamik Tek Enzim Phantom Kullanımı

Imaging of hyperpolarized substrates by magnetic resonance shows great clinical promise for assessment of critical biochemical processes in real time. Due ...

A High Performance Impedance-based Platform for Evaporation Rate Detection

This paper describes the method of a novel impedance-based platform for the detection of the evaporation rate. The model compound hyaluronic acid was employed here for demonstration purposes. Multiple evaporation tests on the model compound as a humectant with various concentrations in solutions were conducted for comparison purposes. A conventional weight loss approach is known as the most straightforward, but time-consuming, measurement technique for evaporation rate detection. Yet, a clear disadvantage is that a large volume of sample is required and multiple sample tests cannot be conducted at the same time. For the first time in literature, an electrical impedance sensing chip is successfully applied to a real-time evaporation investigation in a time sharing, continuous and automatic manner. Moreover, as little as 0.5 ml of test samples is required in this impedance-based apparatus, and a large impedance variation is demonstrated among various dilute solutions. The proposed high-sensitivity and fast-response impedance sensing system is found to outperform a conventional weight loss approach in terms of evaporation rate detection.

This paper presents an impedance-based apparatus for evaporation rate detection of solutions. It offers clear advantages over a conventional weight loss approach: a fast response, high-sensitivity detection, a small sample requirement, multiple sample measurements, and easy disassembly for cleaning and reuse purposes.

Buharlaşma Hızı Algılama için bir Yüksek Performanslı Empedans tabanlı Platformu

This paper describes the method of a novel impedance-based platform for the detection of the evaporation rate. The model compound hyaluronic acid was ...

A Robotic Platform to Study the Foreflipper of the California Sea Lion

The California sea lion (Zalophus californianus), is an agile and powerful swimmer. Unlike many successful swimmers (dolphins, tuna), they generate most of their thrust with their large foreflippers. This protocol describes a robotic platform designed to study the hydrodynamic performance of the swimming California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). The robot is a model of the animal&#39;s foreflipper that is actuated by motors to replicate the motion of its propulsive stroke (the &#39;clap&#39;). The kinematics of the sea lion&#39;s propulsive stroke are extracted from video data of unmarked, non-research sea lions at the Smithsonian Zoological Park (SNZ). Those data form the basis of the actuation motion of the robotic flipper presented here. The geometry of the robotic flipper is based a on high-resolution laser scan of a foreflipper of an adult female sea lion, scaled to about 60% of the full-scale flipper. The articulated model has three joints, mimicking the elbow, wrist and knuckle joint of the sea lion foreflipper. The robotic platform matches dynamics properties&#8212;Reynolds number and tip speed&#8212;of the animal when accelerating from rest. The robotic flipper can be used to determine the performance (forces and torques) and resulting flowfields.

A robotic platform is described that will be used to study the hydrodynamic performance&#8212;forces and flowfields&#8212;of the swimming California sea lion. The robot is a model of the animal&#39;s foreflipper that is actuated by motors to replicate the motion of its propulsive stroke (the &#39;clap&#39;).

Bir Robotik Platform Kaliforniya Deniz Aslan Foreflipper Eğitim için

The California sea lion (Zalophus californianus), is an agile and powerful swimmer. Unlike many successful swimmers (dolphins, tuna), they generate most ...

Microfluidic Imaging Flow Cytometry by Asymmetric-detection Time-stretch Optical Microscopy (ATOM)

Scaling the number of measurable parameters, which allows for multidimensional data analysis and thus higher-confidence statistical results, has been the main trend in the advanced development of flow cytometry. Notably, adding high-resolution imaging capabilities allows for the complex morphological analysis of cellular/sub-cellular structures. This is not possible with standard flow cytometers. However, it is valuable for advancing our knowledge of cellular functions and can benefit life science research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring. Incorporating imaging capabilities into flow cytometry compromises the assay throughput, primarily due to the limitations on speed and sensitivity in the camera technologies. To overcome this speed or throughput challenge facing imaging flow cytometry while preserving the image quality, asymmetric-detection time-stretch optical microscopy (ATOM) has been demonstrated to enable high-contrast, single-cell imaging with sub-cellular resolution, at an imaging throughput as high as 100,000 cells/s. Based on the imaging concept of conventional time-stretch imaging, which relies on all-optical image encoding and retrieval through the use of ultrafast broadband laser pulses, ATOM further advances imaging performance by enhancing the image contrast of unlabeled/unstained cells. This is achieved by accessing the phase-gradient information of the cells, which is spectrally encoded into single-shot broadband pulses. Hence, ATOM is particularly advantageous in high-throughput measurements of single-cell morphology and texture &#8211; information indicative of cell types, states, and even functions. Ultimately, this could become a powerful imaging flow cytometry platform for the biophysical phenotyping of cells, complementing the current state-of-the-art biochemical-marker-based cellular assay. This work describes a protocol to establish the key modules of an ATOM system (from optical frontend to data processing and visualization backend), as well as the workflow of imaging flow cytometry based on ATOM, using human cells and micro-algae as the examples.

Microfluidic Imaging Flow Cytometry by Asymmetric-detection Time-stretch Optical Microscopy ATOM

This protocol describes the implementation of an asymmetric-detection time-stretch optical microscopy system for single-cell imaging in ultrafast microfluidic flow and its applications in imaging flow cytometry.

Asimetrik Algılama Zaman-Streçi Optik Mikroskopi (ATOM) ile Mikroakışkan Görüntüleme Akış Sitometresi

Scaling the number of measurable parameters, which allows for multidimensional data analysis and thus higher-confidence statistical results, has been the ...

Demonstration of a Hyperlens-integrated Microscope and Super-resolution Imaging

The use of super-resolution imaging to overcome the diffraction limit of conventional microscopy has attracted the interest of researchers in biology and nanotechnology. Although near-field scanning microscopy and superlenses have improved the resolution in the near-field region, far-field imaging in real-time remains a significant challenge. Recently, the hyperlens, which magnifies and converts evanescent waves into propagating waves, has emerged as a novel approach to far-field imaging. Here, we report the fabrication of a spherical hyperlens composed of alternating silver (Ag) and titanium oxide (TiO2) thin layers. Unlike a conventional cylindrical hyperlens, the spherical hyperlens allows for two-dimensional magnification. Thus, incorporation into conventional microscopy is straightforward. A new optical system integrated with the hyperlens is proposed, allowing for a sub-wavelength image to be obtained in the far-field region in real time. In this study, the fabrication and imaging setup methods are explained in detail. This work also describes the accessibility and possibility of the hyperlens, as well as practical applications of real-time imaging in living cells, which can lead to a revolution in biology and nanotechnology.

The use of a hyperlens has been regarded as a novel super-resolution imaging technique due to its advantages in real-time imaging and its simple implementation with conventional optics. Here, we present a protocol describing the fabrication and imaging applications of a spherical hyperlens.

Gösteri bir mikroskop Hyperlens entegre ve süper kararlılık düşsel

The use of super-resolution imaging to overcome the diffraction limit of conventional microscopy has attracted the interest of researchers in biology and ...

Multiplexing Focused Ultrasound Stimulation with Fluorescence Microscopy

By focusing low-intensity ultrasound pulses that penetrate soft tissues, LIPUS represents a promising biomedical technology to remotely and safely manipulate neural firing, hormonal secretion and genetically-reprogrammed cells. However, the translation of this technology for medical applications is currently hampered by a lack of biophysical mechanisms by which targeted tissues sense and respond to LIPUS. A suitable approach to identify these mechanisms would be to use optical biosensors in combination with LIPUS to determine underlying signaling pathways. However, implementing LIPUS to a fluorescence microscope may introduce undesired mechanical artefacts due to the presence of physical interfaces that reflect, absorb and refract acoustic waves. This article presents a step-by-step procedure to incorporate LIPUS to commercially-available upright epi-fluorescence microscopes while minimizing the influence of physical interfaces along the acoustic path. A simple procedure is described to operate a single-element ultrasound transducer and to bring the focal zone of the transducer into the objective focal point. The use of LIPUS is illustrated with an example of LIPUS-induced calcium transients in cultured human glioblastoma cells measured using calcium imaging.

Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Stimulation (LIPUS) is a modality for non-invasive mechanical stimulation of endogenous or engineered cells with high spatial and temporal resolution. This article describes how to implement LIPUS to an epi-fluorescence microscope and how to minimize acoustic impedance mismatch along the ultrasound path to prevent unwanted mechanical artefacts.

Çoğullama ultrason stimülasyon floresans mikroskobu ile odaklı

By focusing low-intensity ultrasound pulses that penetrate soft tissues, LIPUS represents a promising biomedical technology to remotely and safely ...

Measuring the Interaction Force Between a Droplet and a Super-hydrophobic Substrate by the Optical Lever Method

The goal of this paper is to investigate the interaction force between droplets and super-hydrophobic substrates in the air. A measurement system based on an optical lever method is designed. A millimetric cantilever is used as a force sensitive component in the measurement system. Firstly, the force sensitivity of the optical lever is calibrated using electrostatic force, which is the critical step in measuring interaction force. Secondly, three super-hydrophobic substrates with different grid fractions are prepared with nanoparticles and copper grids. Finally, the interaction forces between droplets and super-hydrophobic substrates with different grid fractions are measured by the system. This method can be used to measure the force on the scale of sub-micronewton with a resolution on the scale of nanonewton. The in-depth study of the contact process of droplets and super-hydrophobic structures can help to improve the production efficiency in coating, film and printing. The force measurement system designed in this paper can also be used in other fields of microforce measurement.

The protocol aims to investigate the interaction between droplets and super-hydrophobic substrates in the air. This includes calibrating the measurement system and measuring the interaction force at super-hydrophobic substrates with different grid fractions.

Optik kol metodu ile bir damlacık ile süper hidrofobik substrat arasındaki etkileşim gücünü ölçme

The goal of this paper is to investigate the interaction force between droplets and super-hydrophobic substrates in the air. A measurement system based on ...

Recording Ultra-Realistic Full-Color Analog Holograms for Use in a Moving Hologram Display

This paper demonstrates a method to record a set of twelve ultra-realistic full-color analog holograms presenting the same brightness, transparency and homogeneous colors for the fabrication of a Fantatrope, a dynamic holographic 3D display, without the need for special viewing aids. The method involves the use of 3D printer technology, a single-beam full-color Denisyuk optical setup with three low-power lasers (red, green, and blue) and an iso-panchromatic high-sensitive silver-halide holographic emulsion specially designed for recording analog holograms without any diffusion. A cyclic animation is created with a 3D computer graphics program and different elements are 3D printed to form models for the holograms. Holograms are recorded with a full-color holographic setup and developed using two simple chemical baths. To prevent any emulsion thickness variations, the holograms are sealed with optical glue. Results confirm that all holograms recorded with this protocol present the same characteristics, which allow them to be used in the Fantatrope.

We present a protocol to record a set of ultra-realistic full-color analog holograms, showing the same brightness, transparency, and homogeneous colors, on ultra-fine-grain silver-halide holographic emulsions for the fabrication of a dynamic holographic 3D display.

Hareketli Hologram Ekranda Kullanılmak Üzere Ultra Gerçekçi Tam Renkli Analog Hologramları Kaydetme

This paper demonstrates a method to record a set of twelve ultra-realistic full-color analog holograms presenting the same brightness, transparency and ...