Finansman HL084087, HL089885, HL091475, S10RR027946, T32 GM07356: kaynakları

1. Görüntüleme için hazırlanması <ol><li> Izofluran anestezisi fare yatar pozisyonda bir hayvan işleme platformu için bir güvence başlayın. Hayvanın burun ve ağız anestezi korumak için% 0.5-1 izofluran sunmak üzerinde bir burun konisi yerleştirin. </li><li> Jel iletken elektrot pabuçlarını fare pençeleri sabitleyin. Uygun EKG, vücut ısısı 37 ° C ve görüntüleme sırasında fizyolojik değerlendirilmesi için solunum hızı kontrol edin. Olun </li><li> Fare göğüs ve karnın üst kısmında tüy dökücü krem ​​uygulayın. </li><li> 2 dakika sonra, krem ​​çıkarmak ıslak gazlı bez kullanın. </li></ol> 2. Sol parasternal uzun eksenden <ol><li> Fare görüntüleme için hazırlanan edildikten sonra, hayvan taşıma platformu anterioposterior ekseni etrafında 30 derece döndürmek için platformun sol tarafına yatırın. </li><li> Orient dikey konumda dönüştürücü ve çentik ile saat yönünün tersine 10 derece döndürmek fare arka işaret etti. </li><li> Sonra, kalp görünümüne gelene kadar iki-boyutlu görüntü / video &quot;B-mod&quot; iken, sol parasternal hattı üzerinden transdüser düşük. Pulmoner arter görünümü girer sonra, görüntüler toplamak ve bunları saklamak. </li><li> Hala B-mod, transdüser sola veya sağa kadar aort çıkış ve apeks görünümü girer. Prob Bazı dönme kalbin uzun ekseni ile uygun uyum sağlamak için gerekli olabilir. </li><li> Video yakalama, bir sonraki analiz için veri elde etmek için kullanın. Downstream bölgesel gerilme analizleri için mümkün olan en yüksek kare hızı sağlamak için görüş alanı en aza indirin. Her zaman bir video yakalanır, önce 100 kare kaydedilir. </li><li> Renkli Doppler modunu seçerek geçin &quot;Renkli Doppler.&quot; Renkli Doppler insanlarda 30 yılı aşkın bir süredir olmasına rağmen, bu teknoloji ancak son zamanlarda kemirgen ultrason mümkün olmuştur. </li><li> Kan akımının yönü ve hızı hızlı izlemek için, Doppler penceresinde bindirme prob uzak akışını gösteren mavi prob doğru akış gösteren kırmızı akışı kutula. Görüntü yakalama gerekli görüntüler elde. </li><li> Tüm Renkli Doppler veri elde edildikten sonra, Pulse-Wave Doppler Modu, dijital zaman içinde kan akış yönünü ve hızını değerlendirmek için kullanılan tek boyutlu bir görünüm cihazı açın. </li><li> Pulmoner arter görünümü gelene kadar prob fare kafası doğru hafifçe hareket ettirin. Bağlamda kalp yetmezliği, pulmoner arter PW / Renkli Doppler ölçümleri, sağ kalp fonksiyonu için bir vekil olarak kullanılabilir. Istediğiniz gibi görüntüler yakalayın. </li></ol> 3. Sol orta papiller kısa eksen <ol><li> Kısa eksenli ekokardiyografi tüm sol ventrikül konsantrik moda sözleşme bir görünüm sağlar ve sağlar doğru kalp fonksiyonu ve morfometri B ve M-mod temelli değerlendirme. </li><li> B-mod, parasternal uzun aks görüntüde, papiller kas düzeyinde sol parasternal uzun eksende dik transdüser döndürün. </li><li> Sol ventrikül uzunluğu boyunca uygun bir yere emin olun. Her iki papiller kasların kesitsel yatay bir görünüm vermek, açıkça görünür ve ayrılmalıdır. </li><li> M-mod ile ventrikül merkezi aracılığıyla numune hacmi yeri ve veri almak. </li><li> İsterseniz, tam 3 boyutlu rekonstrüksiyon için gerekli görüntüler elde etmek için 3 boyutlu motor takmak başlatmak ve kullanmaktadır. </li><li> Solunum hızı ve EKG dahil olmak üzere Fizyoloji ayarları, diyastol sonu yolluk 3D görüntü yakalama için ayarlanır </li><li> 3D görüntüleme motor diastol görüntü yakalamak için başlatılır. </li><li> Diastol 3D yakalama işlemi tamamlandıktan sonra, solunum hızı ve EKG fizyolojisi ayarları sistol 3D görüntü yakalama yolluk için ayarlanır </li><li> 3D görüntüleme motor sistol görüntü yakalamak için başlattı. </li></ol> 4. Subkostal (dört boşluk) görüntülemek <ol><li> Subkostal görünümü mitral kapak üzerinden yetkinlik ve basınç farkları ölçmek için en iyi yaklaşım. </li><li> Tüm yol aşağı platformun sol üst köşesinde yatırın. Farenin sağ omuz doğru Orient dönüştürücü, prob kısa ekseninde döndürülmesini sağlamak. </li><li> B-mod, diyaframın altında duracak şekilde, üst karın üzerinde transdüser düşüktür. Daha önce açıklandığı gibi renkli Doppler ile mitral kapak gözünüzde canlandırın. </li></ol> 5. Aort görünümü <ol><li> Sol lateral dekübit pozisyonu hayvan işleme platformu döndürün. Platformun sol tarafında mümkün olduğunca eğik olmalıdır. Daha sonra, orient dönüştürücü, düzeyi fare uzunluğu boyunca, mümkün olduğu kadar yukarı eğikskapula. </li><li> Transdüser ön aksiller hat boyunca sağ omuz aşağı indirin. Arkus aorta görselleştirin ve görüntüler elde. </li><li> Farenin kafasını kaldırıp, fare Suprasternal çentik transdüser düşük. Renkli Doppler ile kan akışını gözünüzde canlandırın ve görüntüler elde. </li></ol> 6. Temsilcisi Sonuçlar <ol><li> Bu uzun eksenli, sol ventrikül ve sağ ventrikül küçük bir bölümünü göstererek, B-mod kalp bir görünümüdür. </li><li> Burada, başka bir kalbin sol kısa eksen görüntülerde M-mod alınmıştır. Üst görüntü odasının merkezi aracılığıyla sarı numune hacmi hattın konumunu gösterir. Alt görüntü zamanla bir boyutlu yukarıdaki satırı izleme yanı sıra cyan renginde morfometri hesaplamaları </li><li> Bu B-mod arkus bir görüştür. Kapalı aort kapağı sol tarafta görülebilir ve sağ fare başkanı ve üst uzuvlara besleyen kan damarlarının görülebilir. </li><li> Radyal Gerilme analizi, kalp fonksiyon bozukluğu, üst resimde gösterilen ve alt resimde gösterilen küresel hipokinezi ve bölgesel ine iflaret, bir fare geliştirmek için önce bir fare üzerinde yapıldı. Her iki fenotipleri transvers aort daralma, artan afterload bir fare modeli ile oluşturuldu. </li><li> Zaman, bu rakam, yüzde olarak, y ekseni üzerinde gösterilir, x-ekseni ve radyal gerilme görüntülenir. Gerilme analizi, bölgesel değerlendirilmesi için, aksi takdirde, sadece doğrudan ön duvarında ve arka duvarında fonksiyonu önlemler M-mod, gibi geleneksel teknikleri fark edilmeyebilir kalp fonksiyonu sağlar. </li><li> Anterior serbest duvarı yeşil gösterilir. Pembe çizgi lateral duvar pembe gösterilir gösterir. Arka duvar camgöbeği gösterilmiştir. Aşağı ücretsiz duvar mavi ile yazılmıştır. Posterior septal duvar sarı gösterilir. Anterior septum kırmızı gösterilir ve ortalama siyah gösterilir. </li></ol><img src="/files/ftp_upload/2100/2100fig1.jpg" alt="Şekil 1" /> Şekil 1, B-mod parasternal uzun eksenden sol . <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2100/2100fig2.jpg" alt="Şekil 2" /> Şekil 2 M-mod Sol kısa eksen görünümü. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2100/2100fig3.jpg" alt="Şekil 3" /> Şekil 3, B-mod arkus gör . <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2100/2100fig4.jpg" alt="Şekil 4" /> Şekil 4 iki farelere 12 hafta post-TAC Radyal Gerilme Analizi. Yeşil = karınca. ücretsiz duvar. Pembe = lateral duvar. Cyan = arka duvar. Mavi = inf. ücretsiz duvar. Sarı = yazılan. septal duvar. Kırmızı = anterior septum. Siyah korunmuş fonksiyonu = ortalama A) Fare. B) Fare, küresel hipokinezi ve bölgesel ine iflaret.

<ol>
	<li>Patten, R. D., Hall-Porter, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Small+animal+models+of+heart+failure:+development+of+novel+therapies,+past+and+present.">Small animal models of heart failure: development of novel therapies, past and present.</a> Circ Heart Fail. 2, 138-144 (2009).</li><li>Li, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantification+and+MRI+Validation+of+Regional+Contractile+Dysfunction+in+Mice+Post+Myocardial+Infarction+Using+High+Resolution+Ultrasound.">Quantification and MRI Validation of Regional Contractile Dysfunction in Mice Post Myocardial Infarction Using High Resolution Ultrasound.</a> Ultrasound in Medicine &#38; Biology. 33, 894-904 (2007).</li><li>Gardin, J. M., Siri, F. M., Kitsis, R. N., Edwards, J. G., Leinwand, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Echocardiographic+Assessment+of+Left+Ventricular+Mass+and+Systolic+Function+in+Mice.">Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Mass and Systolic Function in Mice.</a> Circ Res. 76, 907-914 (1995).</li><li>JG, S. t. e. v. e. n. s. o. n., Weiler, T. B. M., EA, H. o. w. a. r. d., Eyer, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Digital+multigate+Doppler+with+color+echo+and+Doppler+display+-+Diagnosis+of+atrial+and+ventricular+septal+defects.">Digital multigate Doppler with color echo and Doppler display - Diagnosis of atrial and ventricular septal defects.</a> Circulation. 60, (1979).</li><li>Patten, R. D., Aronovitz, M. J., Bridgman, P., Pandian, N. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+pulse+wave+and+color+flow+Doppler+echocardiography+in+mouse+models+of+human+disease.">Use of pulse wave and color flow Doppler echocardiography in mouse models of human disease.</a> J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 15, 708-714 (2002).</li><li>Hoit, B. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Echocardiographic+characterization+of+the+cardiovascular+phenotype+in+rodent+models.">Echocardiographic characterization of the cardiovascular phenotype in rodent models.</a> Toxicol Pathol. 34, 105-110 (2006).</li></ol>

Pistner, Belmonte, Blaxall: Coulthard ifşa Visualsonics tam zamanlı çalışan hiçbir şey.

Seri yüksek frekanslı ekokardiyografi, özellikle kalp hastalığı fare modelleri, kardiyak morfoloji ve fonksiyon non-invaziv, yüksek çözünürlüklü bir değerlendirme için güçlü bir araç olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Fizyolojik vücut ısısı önce anestezi seviyesinin ayarlanması, görüntüleri alan fareler arasında karşılaştırılabilir yanı sıra kalp hızı sağlamak, bu yöntemin başarısı için kritik öneme sahiptir. Tüm görüntüler aynı biyobelirteçleri (örneğin parasternal uzun e...

A correction was made to <a href="http://jove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/index/details.stp?id=2100">Murine echocardiography and ultrasound imaging</a>. There was an error in the author, Burns Blaxalls', name and the article title. The authors name has been corrected to:
Burns C. Blaxall
instead of:
Burns Blaxall
The article title was changed to:
Murine Echocardiography and Ultrasound Imaging
instead of:
Murine echocardiography and ultrasound imaging

A correction to an author's name and the article title has been made for the article Murine echocardiography and ultrasound imaging.

Erratum: Murine echocardiography and ultrasound imaging

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<td>Vevo 2100 Imaging System (120V)</td>
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murine echocardiography and ultrasound imaging

Kalp patofizyolojisi Kemirgen modellerin yanı sıra, hastalığın mekanizması testi yeni terapötikler 1 Ekokardiyografi, seri olarak yaşayan bir hayvan, kalp morfometri ve fonksiyonunu değerlendirmek için güçlü bir, non-invaziv bir araç sağlar araştırmak için değerli bir araştırma aracı temsil eder. 2 Ancak , bu tekniği kullanarak fareler üzerinde küçük boyutu ve bu hayvanların kalp atışlarının hızlanması sayesinde benzersiz meydan okumalar 3 Yakın zamana kadar, birkaç ultrason sistemleri, fareler üzerinde kalite ekokardiyografi performans yeteneğine sahip ve bu genel görüntü çözünürlüğü ve kare hızı gerçekten kantitatif ölçümler elde etmek için gerekli yoksun . VisualSonics Vevo2100 olarak yeni yayımlanan sistemleri farelerde kalp fonksiyonu dikkatle ve non-invaziv araştırmak için araştırmacılar için yeni araçlar sağlar. Bu sistem, yüksek çözünürlüklü görüntüler üretir ve insan hasta ile kullanılan benzer analiz yetenekleri sağlar. Renkli Doppler insanlarda 30 yılı aşkın bir süredir olmasına rağmen, ancak son zamanlarda bu değerli teknoloji kemirgen ultrason mümkün olmuştur. 4,5 Renkli Doppler ekokardiyografi için damarlarında ve valfler aracılığıyla hızlı akış yönlülük değerlendirmek için yeteneği dahil olmak üzere geniş bir uygulamalar , ve hızlı bir şekilde kapak yetersizliğine belirlemektir. Gerilme analizi, bölgesel miyokard fonksiyonu kantitatif ölçmek için kullanılmaktadır kritik bir ilerlemedir. 6 Bu teknik, geleneksel yöntemlere göre daha erken, patoloji patoloji değişiklikleri veya çözünürlüğünü tespit etmek için bir potansiyele sahiptir. Kalp ve damar yapılarının görselleştirme ve değerlendirme de dahil olmak üzere, üç boyutlu görüntüyü yeniden inşa Ayrıca, tüm organların hacimsel değerlendirmesi ile birleştiğinde mümkündür. Murin uyumlu kontrast görüntüleme hacimsel ölçümler ve doku perfüzyon değerlendirmesi için izin verebilirsiniz.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Murine Echocardiography and Ultrasound Imaging at JoVE.com

Murine Echocardiography and Ultrasound Imaging

Bu video, bir anestezi fare ekokardiyografi yapmak için bir demiryolu monte edilmiş yüksek frekanslı ultrason probu kullanımını gösterir. Yöntemleri, Renkli Doppler, gerilme analizi, yanı sıra genel ve hedefli kontrast görüntüleme gibi daha yeni, daha güçlü araçlar için ek olarak iki geleneksel iki boyutlu ve M-mod ölçümleri kalp fonksiyonu açıklar.

Murin Ekokardiyografi ve Ultrasonik Görüntüleme

Rodent models of cardiac pathophysiology represent a valuable research tool to investigate mechanism of disease as well as test new therapeutics.1  ...

murine-echocardiography-and-ultrasound-imaging

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

35.2K Görüntüleme.  University of Rochester. Bu video, bir anestezi fare ekokardiyografi yapmak için bir demiryolu monte edilmiş yüksek frekanslı ultrason probu kullanımını gösterir. Yöntemleri, Renkli Doppler, gerilme analizi, yanı sıra genel ve hedefli kontrast görüntüleme gibi daha yeni, daha güçlü araçlar için ek olarak iki geleneksel iki boyutlu ve M-mod ölçümleri kalp fonksiyonu açıklar.

Video: Murine Echocardiography and Ultrasound Imaging

Transthoracic Echocardiography in Mice

In recent years, murine models have become the primary avenue for studying the molecular mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction resulting from changes in gene expression. Transgenic and gene targeting methods can be used to generate mice with altered cardiac size and function,1-3 and as a result, in vivo techniques are needed to evaluate their cardiac phenotype. Transthoracic echocardiography, pulse wave Doppler (PWD), and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) can be used to provide dimensional measurements of the mouse heart and to quantify the degree of cardiac systolic and diastolic performance. Two-dimensional imaging is used to detect abnormal anatomy or movements of the left ventricle, whereas M-mode echo is used for quantification of cardiac dimensions and contractility.4,5 In addition, PWD is used to quantify localized velocity of turbulent flow,6 whereas TDI is used to measure the velocity of myocardial motion.7 Thus, transthoracic echocardiography offers a comprehensive method for the noninvasive evaluation of cardiac function in mice.

Transthoracic echocardiography offers a noninvasive method for the evaluation of cardiac function in mice. A combination of ultrasound and Doppler imaging modalities can be used to obtain dimensional measurements of the heart and intracardiac blood flow, which together provide an assessment of cardiac systolic and diastolic performance.

Fareler de Transtorasik Ekokardiyografi

In recent years, murine models have become the primary avenue for studying the molecular mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction resulting from changes in gene ...

Tıp

Murine Fetal Echocardiography

Transgenic mice displaying abnormalities in cardiac development and function represent a powerful tool for the understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying both normal cardiovascular function and the pathophysiological basis of human cardiovascular disease. Fetal and perinatal death is a common feature when studying genetic alterations affecting cardiac development 1-3. In order to study the role of genetic or pharmacologic alterations in the early development of cardiac function, ultrasound imaging of the live fetus has become an important tool for early recognition of abnormalities and longitudinal follow-up. Noninvasive ultrasound imaging is an ideal method for detecting and studying congenital malformations and the impact on cardiac function prior to death 4. It allows early recognition of abnormalities in the living fetus and the progression of disease can be followed in utero with longitudinal studies 5,6. Until recently, imaging of fetal mouse hearts frequently involved invasive methods. The fetus had to be sacrificed to perform magnetic resonance microscopy and electron microscopy or surgically delivered for transillumination microscopy. An application of high-frequency probes with conventional 2-D and pulsed-wave Doppler imaging has been shown to provide measurements of cardiac contraction and heart rates during embryonic development with databases of normal developmental changes now available 6-10. M-mode imaging further provides important functional data, although, the proper imaging planes are often difficult to obtain. High-frequency ultrasound imaging of the fetus has improved 2-D resolution and can provide excellent information on the early development of cardiac structures 11.

Fetal and perinatal death is a common feature when studying genetic alterations affecting cardiac development. High-frequency ultrasound imaging has improved 2-D resolution and can provide excellent information on early cardiac development and is an ideal method to detect the impact on cardiac structure and function prior to death.

Mürin Fetal Ekokardiyografi

Transgenic mice displaying abnormalities in  cardiac development and function represent a powerful tool for the understanding  the molecular mechanisms ...

Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) results in abnormal cardiac function that is apparent antenatally due to advances in fetoplacental Doppler ultrasound and fetal echocardiography. Increasingly, these imaging modalities are being employed clinically to examine cardiac function and assess wellbeing in utero, thereby guiding timing of birth decisions. Here, we used a rabbit model of IUGR that allows analysis of cardiac function in a clinically relevant way. Using isoflurane induced anesthesia, IUGR is surgically created at gestational age day 25 by performing a laparotomy, exposing the bicornuate uterus and then ligating 40-50% of uteroplacental vessels supplying each gestational sac in a single uterine horn. The other horn in the rabbit bicornuate uterus serves as internal control fetuses. Then, after recovery at gestational age day 30 (full term), the same rabbit undergoes examination of fetal cardiac function. Anesthesia is induced with ketamine and xylazine intramuscularly, then maintained by a continuous intravenous infusion of ketamine and xylazine to minimize iatrogenic effects on fetal cardiac function. A repeat laparotomy is performed to expose each gestational sac and a microultrasound examination (VisualSonics VEVO 2100) of fetal cardiac function is performed. Placental insufficiency is evident by a raised pulsatility index or an absent or reversed end diastolic flow of the umbilical artery Doppler waveform. The ductus venosus and middle cerebral artery Doppler is then examined. Fetal echocardiography is performed by recording B mode, M mode and flow velocity waveforms in lateral and apical views. Offline calculations determine standard M-mode cardiac variables, tricuspid and mitral annular plane systolic excursion, speckle tracking and strain analysis, modified myocardial performance index and vascular flow velocity waveforms of interest. This small animal model of IUGR therefore affords examination of in utero cardiac function that is consistent with current clinical practice and is therefore useful in a translational research setting.

We describe examination of fetal cardiac function with contemporary functional fetal echocardiography and fetoplacental Doppler ultrasound using the VisualSonics VEVO 2100 microultrasound in a surgically induced model of intrauterine fetal growth restriction in a rabbit.

Rahim içi Büyüme Kısıtlama bir Tavşan Modelinde Fetal Ekokardiyografi ve Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrason

Fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) results in abnormal cardiac function that is apparent antenatally due to advances in fetoplacental Doppler ...

A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging

Ultrasound is an attractive modality for imaging muscle and tendon motion during dynamic tasks and can provide a complementary methodological approach for biomechanical studies in a clinical or laboratory setting. Towards this goal, methods for quantification of muscle kinematics from ultrasound imagery are being developed based on image processing. The temporal resolution of these methods is typically not sufficient for highly dynamic tasks, such as drop-landing. We propose a new approach that utilizes a Doppler method for quantifying muscle kinematics. We have developed a novel vector tissue Doppler imaging (vTDI) technique that can be used to measure musculoskeletal contraction velocity, strain and strain rate with sub-millisecond temporal resolution during dynamic activities using ultrasound. The goal of this preliminary study was to investigate the repeatability and potential applicability of the vTDI technique in measuring musculoskeletal velocities during a drop-landing task, in healthy subjects. The vTDI measurements can be performed concurrently with other biomechanical techniques, such as 3D motion capture for joint kinematics and kinetics, electromyography for timing of muscle activation and force plates for ground reaction force. Integration of these complementary techniques could lead to a better understanding of dynamic muscle function and dysfunction underlying the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of musculoskeletal disorders.

We describe a new ultrasound-based vector tissue Doppler imaging technique to measure muscle contraction velocity, strain and strain rate with sub-millisecond temporal resolution during dynamic activities. This approach provides complementary measurements of dynamic muscle function and could lead to a better understanding of mechanisms underlying musculoskeletal disorders.

Kas-iskelet Ultrason Görüntüleme Bir Roman Uygulama

Ultrasound is an attractive modality for imaging muscle and tendon  motion during dynamic tasks and can provide a complementary methodological  approach ...

Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging of Mouse Diaphragm Function

Function analysis of rodent respiratory skeletal muscles, particularly the diaphragm, is commonly performed by isolating muscle strips using invasive surgical procedures. Although this is an effective method of assessing in vitro diaphragm activity, it involves non-survival surgery. The application of non-invasive ultrasound imaging as an in vivo procedure is beneficial since it not only reduces the number of animals sacrificed, but is also suitable for monitoring disease progression in live mice. Thus, our ultrasound imaging method may likely assist in the development of novel therapies that alleviate muscle injury induced by various respiratory diseases. Particularly, in clinical diagnoses of obstructive lung diseases, ultrasound imaging has the potential to be used in conjunction with other standard tests to detect the early onset of diaphragm muscle fatigue. In the current protocol, we describe how to accurately evaluate diaphragm contractility in a mouse model using a diagnostic ultrasound imaging technique.

Diagnostic ultrasound imaging has proven to be effective in diagnosing various respiratory diseases in human and animal subjects. We demonstrate a comprehensive ultrasound protocol utilized by Dr. Zuo's lab to analyze diaphragm kinetics specifically in mouse models. This is also a non-invasive research technique which can provide quantitative information on mouse respiratory muscle function.

Fare Diyafram Fonksiyonu Diagnostik Ultrason Görüntüleme

Function analysis of rodent respiratory skeletal muscles, particularly the diaphragm, is commonly performed by isolating muscle strips using invasive ...

High-frequency Ultrasound Imaging of Mouse Cervical Lymph Nodes

High-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) is widely employed as a non-invasive method for imaging internal anatomic structures in experimental small animal systems. HFUS has the ability to detect structures as small as 30 &#181;m, a property that has been utilized for visualizing superficial lymph nodes in rodents in brightness (B)-mode. Combining power Doppler with B-mode imaging allows for measuring circulatory blood flow within lymph nodes and other organs. While HFUS has been utilized for lymph node imaging in a number of mouse&#160; model systems, a detailed protocol describing HFUS imaging and characterization of the cervical lymph nodes in mice has not been reported. Here, we show that HFUS can be adapted to detect and characterize cervical lymph nodes in mice. Combined B-mode and power Doppler imaging can be used to detect increases in blood flow in immunologically-enlarged cervical nodes. We also describe the use of B-mode imaging to conduct fine needle biopsies of cervical lymph nodes to retrieve lymph tissue for histological&#160; analysis. Finally, software-aided steps are described to calculate changes in lymph node volume and to visualize changes in lymph node morphology following image reconstruction. The ability to visually monitor changes in cervical lymph node biology over time provides a simple and powerful technique for the non-invasive monitoring of cervical lymph node alterations in preclinical mouse models of oral cavity disease.

This protocol describes the application of high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) for imaging mouse cervical lymph nodes. This technique optimizes visualization and quantification of cervical lymph node morphology, volume and blood flow. Image-guided biopsy of cervical lymph nodes and processing of lymph tissue for histological evaluation is also demonstrated.

Fare Servikal lenf nodu Yüksek frekanslı Ultrasonik Görüntüleme

High-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) is widely employed as a non-invasive method for imaging internal anatomic structures in experimental small animal ...

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery

The present methodology teaches the investigator how to measure and use the LAV as a surrogate of chronic elevations in Left Ventricular diastolic pressure through echocardiography, as well as to obtain measurements of the Aorta and PA diameter in mice.
Mice older than 10 d of age can be analyzed using the present technique. The technique is composed of 3 main steps: set-up, image acquisition, and image analysis. The set-up step consists of getting the mouse anesthetized with 1% isoflurane, shaving it, and taping it in a supine position to a heated EKG board where the image acquisition will take place. The image acquisition step consists of learning to identify the cardiac structures and obtaining all the required images with its correspondent probe and axis in order to be able to calculate volumes and diameters. The image analysis step consists of measuring the previously acquired images with the aid of computer software.
Advantages of the proposed technique include a fast (15 min) procedure that would allow the researcher to evaluate interventions in a non-invasive, non-terminal approach and therefore follow the same mouse over time; each mouse can be used as its own control. This fact plus having the same operator perform all the acquisition and analysis for the entire experiment minimizes the limitation of operator-dependency. The present methodology is useful for mouse researchers in cardiovascular and pulmonary medicine.

The following protocol describes the methodology for the acquisition and analysis of echocardiographic images used to obtain the Left Atrial Volume (LAV), Aorta (Ao) diameter, and Pulmonary Artery (PA) diameter in mice. This technique is a non-invasive, non-terminal procedure that allows assessment of the cardiopulmonary function.

Sol Atrium, Aort ve Pulmoner Arter Murin Ekokardiyografi

The present methodology teaches the investigator how to measure and use the LAV as a surrogate of chronic elevations in Left Ventricular diastolic ...

3D Ultrasound Imaging: Fast and Cost-effective Morphometry of Musculoskeletal Tissue

The developmental goal of 3D ultrasound imaging (3DUS) is to engineer a modality to perform 3D morphological ultrasound analysis of human muscles. 3DUS images are constructed from calibrated freehand 2D B-mode ultrasound images, which are positioned into a voxel array. Ultrasound (US) imaging allows quantification of muscle size, fascicle length, and angle of pennation. These morphological variables are important determinants of muscle force and length range of force exertion. The presented protocol describes an approach to determine volume and fascicle length of m.&#160;vastus lateralis and m.&#160;gastrocnemius medialis. 3DUS facilitates standardization using 3D anatomical references. This approach provides a fast and cost-effective approach for quantifying 3D morphology in skeletal muscles. In healthcare and sports, information on the morphometry of muscles is very valuable in diagnostics and/or follow-up evaluations after treatment or training.

3D ultrasound imaging (3DUS) allows fast and cost-effective morphometry of musculoskeletal tissues. We present a protocol to measure muscle volume and fascicle length using 3DUS.

3D ultrason görüntüleme: hızlı ve uygun maliyetli morfometri kas-iskelet dokusunun

The developmental goal of 3D ultrasound imaging (3DUS) is to engineer a modality to perform 3D morphological ultrasound analysis of human muscles. 3DUS ...

Providing Visual Biofeedback Using Brightness Mode Ultrasound During a Golf Swing

Using ultrasound biofeedback in conjunction with verbal cueing can increase muscle thickness more than verbal cueing alone and may augment traditional rehabilitation techniques in an athletic, physically active population. Brightness mode (B-mode) ultrasound can be applied using frame-by-frame analysis synchronized with video to understand muscle thickness changes during these dynamic tasks. Visual biofeedback with ultrasound has been established in static positions for the muscles of the lateral abdominal wall. However, by securing the transducer to the abdomen using an elastic belt and foam block, biofeedback can be applied during more specific tasks prevalent in lifetime sports, such as golf. To analyze muscle activity during a golf swing, muscle thickness changes can be compared. The thickness must increase throughout the task, indicating that the muscle is more active. This methodology allows clinicians to immediately replay ultrasound videos for patients as a visual tool to instruct proper activity of the muscles of interest. For example, ultrasound can be used to target the external and internal obliques, which play an important role in swinging a golf club or any other rotational sport or activity. This methodology aims to increase oblique muscle thickness during the golf swing. Additionally, the timing of muscle contraction can be targeted by instructing the patient to contract the abdominal muscles at specific time points, such as the beginning of the downswing, with the goal of improving muscle firing patterns during tasks.

Brightness mode ultrasound can be used to provide visual biofeedback of the muscles of the lateral abdominal wall during a golf swing. Post-swing visual and verbal instruction can increase the muscle activation and timing of the external and internal obliques.

Golf Salıncak Sırasında Parlaklık Modu Ultrasonunu Kullanarak Görsel Biofeedback Sağlama

Using ultrasound biofeedback in conjunction with verbal cueing can increase muscle thickness more than verbal cueing alone and may augment traditional ...

Muscle Function Obtained with Motion Mode Ultrasound and Surface Electromyography during Core Endurance Exercise

Motion mode (M-mode) ultrasound allows researchers and clinicians to measure the change of muscle thickness across time. Muscle thickness can be measured between fascial borders at a given time point during an exercise. This selected time point produces a one-dimensional image resulting in real-time, live observation of anatomy. Ultrasound used during functional movement can be referred to as dynamic ultrasound; this is feasible and reliable with the use of a linear transducer, elastic belt, and foam block to secure consistent transducer placement. The lateral abdominal wall is commonly investigated using ultrasound due to the overlapping nature of the muscles. Surface electromyography (sEMG) can complement M-mode ultrasound imaging because it measures the electrical representation of muscle activation. There is minimal evidence using M-mode ultrasound and sEMG simultaneously during core exercise. Exercises that challenge the core musculature involve both isometric holds (e.g., side plank), as well as oscillatory extremity movements (e.g., dead bug). In this study, both instruments will be used simultaneously to measure core muscle function during exercise. Ultrasound measurements will be obtained using a linear transducer and ultrasound unit, and sEMG measurements will be acquired from a wireless sEMG system. To make comparisons between participants and exercises, normalization methods using static, exercise starting positions for both instruments will be used. An activation ratio will be used for ultrasound and calculated by dividing the contracted thickness (thickness during a time point of exercise) by the rested (starting position) thickness. Muscle thickness will be measured in centimeters from the superior inferior fascial border to inferior superior fascial border. These methods aim to offer an innovative and practical measurement of muscle function with M-mode ultrasound and sEMG during core endurance exercises.

This protocol uses motion mode ultrasound and surface electromyography simultaneously to measure muscle function of the core. Muscle thickness and activation of the local stabilizers (e.g., transverse abdominis, internal oblique) and global movers (e.g., external oblique) is achievable during specific time points of the side plank and dead bug exercises.

Çekirdek Dayanıklılık Egzersizi Sırasında Hareket Modu Ultrasonu ve Yüzey Elektromiyografisi ile Elde Edilen Kas Fonksiyonu

Motion mode (M-mode) ultrasound allows researchers and clinicians to measure the change of muscle thickness across time. Muscle thickness can be measured ...