7.6 : Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of information more manageable.

Another effective strategy is rehearsal, which involves the conscious repetition of information. Without rehearsal, information in short-term memory typically lasts for about 30 seconds or less. Rehearsal is especially useful for remembering short lists, such as numbers or menu items. By repeatedly going over the information, you can transfer it from short-term to long-term memory. For example, children often learn the alphabet through active rehearsal by singing the ABCs. This type of repetitive practice helps solidify the information in their memory.

Elaborative rehearsal is another form of rehearsal that involves linking new information to existing knowledge. This deeper form of rehearsal not only helps transfer information to long-term memory but also helps understand and recall it more effectively. For example, when learning new vocabulary, connecting new words to familiar ones or creating sentences with them can enhance retention. By applying these techniques, individuals can significantly improve their short-term memory capabilities and make learning more efficient.