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Core - Organic Chemistry

    Chapter 13

    Carboxylic Acids

    13.1 : IUPAC Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids01:16

    13.1 : IUPAC Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids

    IUPAC names of carboxylic acids are systematically derived following a few rules discussed below. For acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids, the longest ...

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    13.2 : Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids01:31

    13.2 : Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids

    Carboxylic acids with lower molecular weight exhibit a sharp and unpleasant odor. They also have higher boiling and melting points than analogous ...

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    13.3 : Acidity of Carboxylic Acids01:21

    13.3 : Acidity of Carboxylic Acids

    Carboxylic acids are the strongest organic acids. However, their acidic strength is much less than mineral acids like HCl. Carboxylic acids ionize in ...

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    13.4 : Substituent Effects on Acidity of Carboxylic Acids01:31

    13.4 : Substituent Effects on Acidity of Carboxylic Acids

    The acidity of carboxylic acids is influenced by the nature of the substituents bounded to the functional group. The acid strength is determined by the ...

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    13.5 : IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids01:28

    13.5 : IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids

    In IR spectroscopy of carboxylic acids, the C=O bond shows a characteristic band between 1710 and 1760 cm⁻¹, and the O–H bond exhibits a ...

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    13.6 : NMR and Mass Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids01:30

    13.6 : NMR and Mass Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids

    In ¹H NMR spectroscopy, acidic protons (–COOH) of carboxylic acids are highly deshielded and absorb far downfield, at around 9–12 ppm. ...

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    13.7 : Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Overview01:31

    13.7 : Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Overview

    There are various methods for the preparation of carboxylic acids. For example, oxidation of primary alcohols or aldehydes using strong oxidizing agents ...

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    13.8 : Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis of Nitriles01:19

    13.8 : Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis of Nitriles

    Nitriles (R–CN) can be converted into carboxylic acids (R–COOH) upon treatment with aqueous acids, i.e., upon hydrolysis of nitriles. Under ...

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    13.9 : Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Carboxylation of Grignard Reagents01:13

    13.9 : Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Carboxylation of Grignard Reagents

    Carboxylic acids can be prepared by the carboxylation of Grignard reagents (RMgX). This method is convenient for converting alkyl (primary, secondary ...

    4.3K views
    13.10 : Reactions of Carboxylic Acids: Introduction01:41

    13.10 : Reactions of Carboxylic Acids: Introduction

    Carboxylic acids possess an acidic –COOH functional group. The acidity can be attributed to the resonance stabilization of their conjugate ...

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    13.11 : Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Overview01:20

    13.11 : Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Overview

    The Fischer esterification reaction was developed by the German chemist Emil Fischer in 1895. It is a condensation reaction between carboxylic acids ...

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    13.12 : Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Mechanism01:13

    13.12 : Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Mechanism

    Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to yield esters via an acid-catalyzed condensation reaction called Fischer esterification. This is a ...

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    13.13 : Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

    13.13 : Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

    Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the ...

    2.1K views
    13.14 : Carboxylic Acids to Acid Chlorides01:18

    13.14 : Carboxylic Acids to Acid Chlorides

    Carboxylic acids react with SOCl2 or PCl5 to form acid chlorides. Amongst the carboxylic acid derivatives, acid chlorides are the most reactive and ...

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    13.15 : Carboxylic Acids to Primary Alcohols: Hydride Reduction01:17

    13.15 : Carboxylic Acids to Primary Alcohols: Hydride Reduction

    Carboxylic acids, upon reaction with strong reducing agents such as lithium aluminum hydride followed by hydrolysis, undergo reduction to form primary ...

    2.7K views
    13.16 : Loss of Carboxy Group as CO<sub>2</sub>: Decarboxylation of &beta;-Ketoacids01:02

    13.16 : Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of β-Ketoacids

    Carboxylic acids, upon heating, undergo a decarboxylation reaction by releasing carbon dioxide gas. Monocarboxylic acids do not undergo decarboxylation ...

    3.1K views
    13.17 : Loss of Carboxy Group as CO<sub>2</sub>: Decarboxylation of Malonic Acid Derivatives01:35

    13.17 : Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of Malonic Acid Derivatives

    Just like β-keto acids—which upon thermal decarboxylation form ketones—β-dicarboxylic acids undergo decarboxylation to generate ...

    1.9K views
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