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Core - Anatomy and Physiology

    Chapter 20

    The Special Senses

    20.1 : Introduction to Special Senses01:26

    20.1 : Introduction to Special Senses

    Humans have five special senses—vision, smell, taste, hearing, and equilibrium. All these senses have anatomically distinct receptors to detect ...

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    20.2 : Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

    20.2 : Accessory Structures of the Eye

    The accessory structures of the eyes protect and support the eye but are not directly involved in vision.       Eyebrows, ...

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    20.3 : Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

    20.3 : Anatomy of the Eyeball

    The eyeball is a hollow fluid-filled structure composed of three layers—the fibrous, vascular, and inner layers. The superficial fibrous layer has ...

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    20.4 : Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

    20.4 : Focusing of Light in the Eye

    In a normal human eye, as light rays enter, they bend at the cornea, and the lens, to form an inverted image on the retina. The extent to which rays ...

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    20.5 : Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

    20.5 : Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

    At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane ...

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    20.6 : Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

    20.6 : Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

    The olfactory organ is situated on the roof of the nasal cavity. It covers the superior nasal concha on each side of the nasal septum. It consists of the ...

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    20.7 : Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

    20.7 : Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

    The olfactory organs are responsible for the olfaction or sense of smell.  The process of olfaction begins as olfactory cilia capture the odorant ...

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    20.8 : Taste Buds and Receptors01:20

    20.8 : Taste Buds and Receptors

    Taste buds—the sensory organs of the taste—are oval-shaped structures consisting of two major types of epithelial cells. Gustatory epithelial ...

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    20.9 : The Physiology of Taste01:24

    20.9 : The Physiology of Taste

    Taste physiology begins when the tastants — the chemicals that stimulate gustatory receptor cells — dissolve in saliva, diffuse through the ...

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    20.10 : Anatomy of the Ear01:16

    20.10 : Anatomy of the Ear

    The human ear has three important regions— external, middle, and internal. The external ear consists of the cartilaginous auricle and the auditory ...

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    20.11 : Auditory Pathway01:15

    20.11 : Auditory Pathway

    Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory ...

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    20.12 : Equilibrium and Balance01:15

    20.12 : Equilibrium and Balance

    The body position and balance are detected by specialized organs in the inner ear. These include the utricle and saccule of the vestibule and the ...

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