KF e KO são co primeiros autores, juntamente com KS Este trabalho foi financiado em parte pelo AHPBA Fellowship (KS), NIH K23 CA148964-01 (LZ), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Clinical Scientist Award (LZ), Fundação Viragh e do Centro de Câncer Ir Viragh pâncreas na Universidade Johns Hopkins (EMJ e LZ), a Fundação Nacional de Pâncreas (LZ), o Lefkofsky Família Foundation (LZ), o SPORE NCI em Gastrointestinal Cânceres P50 CA062924 (EMJ, LZ), a Fundação Lustgarten (LZ), e as bolsas Sol Goldman pâncreas Cancer Center (KS , BHE, LZ).

Todos os experimentos com animais conformados com as orientações do Comitê de Cuidados e Uso da Universidade Johns Hopkins animal, e os animais foram mantidos de acordo com as diretrizes da Associação para a Avaliação e Acreditação do Laboratório de Cuidados (AAALAC). O procedimento cirúrgico é realizado sob condições estéreis, numa sala de operações, que passa por um mínimo de quinze trocas de ar por hora. Todos os instrumentos são esterilizados em autoclave antes do procedimento e novamente com etanol a 70%, entre cada um dos ratinhos durante o procedimento. Todos os ratos que não se espera para sobreviver ao procedimento cirúrgico são sacrificados sob CO 2 durante 3 min, seguido por deslocação cervical, enquanto ainda sob anestesia. 1. celular Preparação <ol><li> Ressuspender as células em cultura in Panc02 salina tamponada com fosfato a 2 x10 7 células / ml, e manter em gelo. </li></ol> 2. Rato Preparação <ol><li> Administrar cetamina-E (100 mg / kg) misturado com xilazina (10 mg / kg) por via intraperitoneal com 8-12 semanas de idade C57BL / 6 fêmeas, em doses divididas. </li><li> Verifique se o dedo do pé retirada pitada reflexo é abolido para garantir que o mouse é totalmente anestesiado. </li><li> Administrar doses suplementares de cetamina (100 mg / kg) misturado com xilazina (10 mg / kg), conforme necessário para anestesiar completamente os ratinhos. </li><li> Aplicar Puralube Vet Pomada para os olhos dos camundongos para evitar a secagem quando os ratos estão sob anestesia. </li><li> Raspar a área cirúrgica dos ratinhos a fim de evitar a contaminação da ferida. </li><li> Prep a área subcostal esquerda da incisão com etanol a 70% e depois de iodo. </li><li> Coloque um campo cirúrgico em torno do abdômen para manter a esterilidade. </li></ol> 3. Laparotomia <ol><li> Fazer uma incisão subcostal esquerda em linha com a orelha esquerda através da pele e através do peritoneu utilizando um bisturi. </li><li> Expresse o baço através da incisão através da aplicação p digitais simultânearessão ao longo dos aspectos cranial e caudal da incisão. </li><li> Localizar os vasos sanguíneos do baço na extremidade inferior do baço. </li><li> Divida o baço, colocando dois Horizonte médias clips ligadura no centro do baço tomando cuidado para não danificar os vasos sanguíneos do baço nos pólos do baço. </li><li> Inserir o pólo superior do baço de volta para o peritoneu para evitar a contaminação. </li></ol> 4 Tumor Injeção <ol><li> Desenha-se 150 ul de solução salina tamponada com fosfato para um 26 L x 5/8 &quot;seringa. </li><li> Elaborar 100 l de Panc02 (2 x10 6) células para a mesma seringa manter a seringa na posição vertical em todos os momentos durante a injecção. </li><li> Mergulhar a agulha numa solução de etanol a 70%. A agulha é imersa em etanol a 70% para assegurar a esterilidade. </li><li> Injetar as células lentamente no hemispleen exposto tendo a certeza da seringa é mantido na vertical em todos os momentos. O bisel da syringe devem ser observados em todos os momentos através da cápsula do baço para evitar a injeção das células sob o baço. A clareamento dos vasos baço e de sangue devem ser observados após a injecção. </li><li> Eleve o baço e aplicar um meio Horizon clipe sob o baço para ocluir os vasos sanguíneos do baço. </li><li> Aplicar um pequeno clipe Horizon para o aspecto mais distal do pâncreas e vasos esplênicos. </li><li> Ligadura do pâncreas e vasos esplênicos da hemispleen cortando acima dos clips horizonte. </li><li> Posicione o mouse sobre o seu &#39;lado, e irrigar a incisão com água destilada. </li></ol> 5. Abdominal Encerramento e recuperação da anestesia <ol><li> Feche o peritônio com um ponto 4-0 em execução. </li><li> Aplicar 2-3 clips de pele para fechar a incisão na pele. </li><li> Administrar 0,1 mg / kg de buprenorfina ou 5-10 mg / kg por via subcutânea Carprofen para aliviar a dor pós-cirúrgica. </li><li> Posicione o mouse sobre uma almofada de aquecimento para recovery até celular eo mouse demonstra padrões respiratórios regulares. Os animais só são devolvidos para a companhia de outros animais depois de se recuperar totalmente do procedimento cirúrgico. </li></ol> 6. Necropsia Exame e colheita do Fígado <ol><li> Entre 30 a 60 dias após a cirurgia, os ratos começam a mostrar sintomas clínicos de metástase e vai exigir a eutanásia. Sinais de doença metastática que requerem a eutanásia humanitária incluem abdomens dilatados eo desenvolvimento de ascite. Eutanásia ratos por inalação de CO2. </li><li> Após a inalação, realizar deslocamento cervical. </li><li> Depois que o animal tenha sido determinada a ser não responsivo, fazer uma incisão através do peritônio para expor o abdômen com uma tesoura. </li><li> Utilizando uma pinça e uma tesoura, cortou delicadamente o fígado para fora do abdômen. </li><li> Coloque o fígado em composto outubro, eo flash congelar usando nitrogênio líquido. Armazenar o fígado a -80 ° C. Alternativamente, o ao vivor pode ser fixado em 16% de formalina neutra tamponada a TA durante 24 h e embebido em parafina. </li></ol>

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Os autores não têm conflitos de interesse relevantes para divulgar.

Este modelo murino pré-clínico de metástase do câncer pancreático para o fígado através de uma técnica de injeção hemispleen é o primeiro modelo descrito que espelha muitas das condições clínicas e imunológicas de pacientes com doença metastática para o fígado. Este modelo apresenta várias vantagens em relação aos outros modelos de murino. Em primeiro lugar, ao contrário dos modelos transgénicos de cancro pancreático, em que apenas 30% dos ratinhos desenvolvem metástases do fígado e a temporiza...

Adenocarcinoma ductal pancreático (PDA) é a quarta principal causa de mortes relacionadas ao câncer nos Estados Unidos 1. A sobrevida em cinco anos para pacientes com PDA metastático é 2-12% 1. Embora a quimioterapia adjuvante e neoadjuvante para câncer de pâncreas é mais eficaz do que nunca hoje em dia, ainda há uma necessidade desesperada de novas terapias. O desenvolvimento de novas terapêuticas necessita de modelos animais pré-clínicos fidedignos. Embora os modelos de tumores subcutâneos são simples de utilizar, desvantagens incluem a incapacidade destes tumores e a metástase imitar a progressão do tumor e microambientes visto em cancros humanos. Modelos geneticamente modificados, tais como o rato geneticamente modificadas contendo Kras e p53 knock-in mutações oncogénicas (o modelo KPC) 2 e o modelo KPC com um marcador de linhagem YFP (o modelo PKCY 3) permitem o estudo de tumores que ocorrem naturalmente em immunocompetecamundongos NT. Além disso, o micro-ambiente do tumor é inalterada e é mais parecida com a observada na progressão de tumores humanos. Infelizmente, o tempo de desenvolvimento do tumor é variável dentro desses modelos, o que torna difícil de estudar terapias experimentais. Além disso, backcrossing desses ratos requer uma quantidade significativa de tempo e recursos financeiros, o que nem sempre é viável. Por fim, os modelos de mouse xenotransplante PDA implantados tornem indispensável ratos, que foram alterados ou microambientes tumorais ausentes imunocomprometidos. Como resultado, a eficácia de terapias experimentais demonstraram nestes modelos pré-clínicos são muitas vezes não reprodutíveis em ensaios clínicos humanos 4. Este modelo de rato hemiesplenectomia utiliza células tumorais Panc02, que são um, metilcolantreno induzida linha celular de tumor pancreático altamente tumorigénicas derivadas de C57BL / 6 5, 6. Além disso, outras linhas celulares PDA murino derivado do mic KPCe pode ser utilizado neste modelo. Schulick et al. Já desenvolveu uma técnica hemiesplenectomia e criou um modelo singênico rato de metástases de câncer de cólon 7. Este modelo hemiesplenectomia (Figura 1) oferece a inoculação do tumor consistente e iguais em camundongos imunocompetentes prestando-se à investigação de novos agentes terapêuticos 7-10.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Cell culture media and components</td><td></td><td></td><td>will vary depending on cell line</td></tr><tr><td>Phosphate Buffered Saline</td><td>Gibco by Life Technologies</td><td>10010-023</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>15 ml centrifuge tubes</td><td>Corning</td><td>430052</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Curved Operating Scissor</td><td>Roboz Surgical Store</td><td>RS-6835</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Micro Dissecting Graefe Forceps</td><td>Roboz Surgical Store</td><td>RS-5130</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Needle holder (regular)</td><td>World Precision Instruments, Inc</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3-0 or 4-0 suture</td><td></td><td></td><td>courtesy of dept of surgery, Johns Hopkins</td></tr><tr><td>Weck Horizon Open Ligating Clip Applier, small, angled</td><td>Teleflex</td><td>137085</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Weck Horizon Open Ligating Clip Applier, medium, angled</td><td>Teleflex</td><td>237115</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Weck Horizon medium ligating clips</td><td>Teleflex</td><td>002200</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Weck Horizon small ligating clips</td><td>Teleflex</td><td>001200</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Syringe, 1 cc, tb syringe, 3/8&quot; slip tip</td><td>Becton Dickinson</td><td>309625</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Syringe, 1 cc, tb syringe, 5/8&quot; slip tip</td><td>Becton Dickinson</td><td>309597</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>9 mm Autoclip Applier</td><td>Mikron</td><td>427630</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>9 mm Autoclip</td><td>Becton Dickinson</td><td>427631</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Heating pad</td><td>Sunbeam</td><td>CAT93</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>70% Ethanol</td><td></td><td></td><td>sold by numerous vendors</td></tr><tr><td>Ketamine Hydrochloride&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Hospira</td><td>22395DD</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Xylazine hydrochloride</td><td>Sigma</td><td>X1251</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

a preclinical murine model of hepatic metastases

Numerosos modelos murinos foram desenvolvidas para estudar os cancros humanos e avançar o entendimento de tratamento e o desenvolvimento do cancro. Aqui, um modelo pré-clínico, murino tumor pancreático de metástases hepáticas através de uma injecção de células tumorais hemispleen pancreáticos de murino singeneicas é descrito. Este modelo imita muitas das condições clínicas em pacientes com doença metastática para o fígado. Ratos consistentemente desenvolvem metástases no fígado, permitindo a investigação do processo metastático, testes terapia experimental, e a pesquisa da imunologia tumoral.

Células tumorais Panc02 injetados na hemispleen (Figura 1) formar metástases hepáticas em 100% dos ratos, enquanto metástases pulmonares e peritoneal não são observados se a técnica é realizada corretamente. Esta técnica foi realizada em mais de cem ratos usando células Panc02 em vários experimentos independentes, e reprodutível, todos os ratos não tratados morrem com metástases hepáticas entre 30 e 60 dias após o procedimento hemiesplenectomia (Figura 2). Para obter sig...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Preclinical Murine Model of Hepatic Metastases at JoVE.com

A Preclinical Murine Model of Hepatic Metastases

A modelo pré-clínico, murino de metástases hepáticas realizado através de uma técnica de injeção hemispleen.

Um Modelo murino de metástases hepáticas pré-clínica

Numerous murine models have been developed to study human cancers and advance the understanding of cancer treatment and development. Here, a preclinical, ...

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28.6K visualizações.  The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.  A modelo pré-clínico, murino de metástases hepáticas realizado através de uma técnica de injeção hemispleen. 

Vídeo: A Preclinical Murine Model of Hepatic Metastases

Murine Bioluminescent Hepatic Tumour Model

This video describes the establishment of liver metastases in a mouse model that can be subsequently analysed by bioluminescent imaging. Tumour cells are administered specifically to the liver to induce a localised liver tumour, via mobilisation of the spleen and splitting into two, leaving intact the vascular pedicle for each half of the spleen. Lewis lung carcinoma cells that constitutively express the firefly luciferase gene (luc1) are inoculated into one hemi-spleen which is then resected 10 minutes later. The other hemi-spleen is left intact and returned to the abdomen. Liver tumour growth can be monitored by bioluminescence imaging using the IVIS whole body imaging system. Quantitative imaging of tumour growth using IVIS provides precise quantitation of viable tumour cells. Tumour cell death and necrosis due to drug treatment is indicated early by a reduction in the bioluminescent signal. This mouse model allows for investigating the mechanisms underlying metastatic tumour-cell survival and growth and can be used for the evaluation of therapeutics of liver metastasis. 

This article describes a procedure for the induction of orthotopic bioluminescent liver tumours in mice, and subsequent analysis of tumour growth confined to the liver using live whole body luminescence imaging.

Modelo de tumor hepático murino Bioluminescent

This video describes the establishment of liver metastases in a mouse model that can be subsequently analysed by bioluminescent imaging. Tumour cells are ...

Medicina

Advanced Animal Model of Colorectal Metastasis in Liver: Imaging Techniques and Properties of Metastatic Clones

Patients with a limited number of hepatic metastases and slow rates of progression can be successfully treated with local treatment approaches1,2. However, little is known about the heterogeneity of liver metastases, and animal models capable of evaluating the development of individual metastatic colonies are needed. Here, we present an advanced model of hepatic metastases that provides the ability to quantitatively visualize the development of individual tumor clones in the liver and estimate their growth kinetics and colonization efficiency. We generated a panel of monoclonal derivatives of HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells stably labeled with luciferase and tdTomato and possessing different growth properties. With a splenic injection followed by a splenectomy, the majority of these clones are able to generate hepatic metastases, but with different frequencies of colonization and varying growth rates. Using the In Vivo&#160;Imaging System (IVIS), it is possible to visualize and quantify metastasis development with in vivo luminescent and ex vivo fluorescent imaging. In addition, Diffuse Luminescent Imaging Tomography (DLIT) provides a 3D distribution of liver metastases in vivo. Ex vivo fluorescent imaging of harvested livers provides quantitative measurements of individual hepatic metastatic colonies, allowing for the evaluation of the frequency of liver colonization and the growth kinetics of metastases. Since the model is similar to clinically observed liver metastases, it can serve as a modality for detecting genes associated with liver metastasis and for testing potential ablative or adjuvant treatments for liver metastatic disease.

The ability of metastatic clones to colonize distant sites depends on their proliferation capacity and/or their ability to survive in the host microenvironment without significant proliferation. Here, we present an animal model that allows quantitative visualization of both types of liver colonization by metastatic clones.

Modelo Animal avançado de Colorectal metástase no fígado: técnicas de imagem e Propriedades de metastáticos Clones

Patients with a limited number of hepatic metastases and slow rates of progression can be successfully treated with local treatment approaches1,2. ...

Pesquisa do câncer

Surgical Procedures and Methodology for a Preclinical Murine Model of De Novo Mammary Cancer Metastasis

A rate-limiting aspect of transgenic mouse models of mammary adenocarcinoma is that primary tumor burden in mammary tissue typically defines study end-points. Thus, studies focused on elucidating mechanisms of late-stage de novo metastasis are compromised, as are studies examining efficacy of anti-cancer therapies targeting mediators of metastasis in the adjuvant setting. Numerous murine mammary cancer models have been developed via targeted expression of dominant oncoproteins to mammary epithelial cells yielding models variably mimicking histopathologic and transcriptome-defined breast cancer subtypes common in women1. While much has been learned regarding the biology of mammary carcinogenesis with these models, their utility in identifying molecules regulating growth of late-stage metastasis are compromised as mice are typically euthanized at earlier time points due to significant primary tumor burden. Moreover, since a significant percentage of women diagnosed with breast cancer receive adjuvant therapy after surgical resection of primary tumors and prior to presence of detectable metastatic disease, preclinical models of de novo metastasis are urgently needed as platforms to evaluate new therapies aimed at targeting metastatic foci. To address these deficiencies, we developed a murine model of de novo mammary cancer metastasis, wherein primary mammary tumors are surgically resected, and metastatic foci subsequently develop over a 115 day post-surgical period. This long latency provides a tractable model to identify functionally significant regulators of metastatic progression in mice lacking primary tumor, as well as a model to evaluate preclinical therapeutic efficacy of agents aimed at blocking functionally significant molecules aiding metastatic tumor survival and growth.

Surgical Procedures and Methodology for a Preclinical Murine Model of De Novo Mammary Cancer Metastasis

Pre-clinical models evaluating adjuvant therapy targeting breast cancer metastasis are lacking. To address this, we developed a murine model of de novo pulmonary mammary adenocarcinoma metastasis, wherein therapies administered in the adjuvant setting (post surgical resection of primary tumors) can be evaluated for efficacy in impacting previously seeded pulmonary metastases.

Procedimentos cirúrgicos e metodologia para um modelo de murina pré-clínica de<em&gt; De Novo</em&gt; Metástase do câncer mamário

A rate-limiting aspect of transgenic mouse models of mammary adenocarcinoma is that primary tumor burden in mammary tissue typically defines study ...

A Portal Vein Injection Model to Study Liver Metastasis of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. Liver metastasis is involved in upwards of 30% of cases with breast cancer metastasis, and results in poor outcomes with median survival rates of only 4.8 - 15 months. Current rodent models of breast cancer metastasis, including primary tumor cell xenograft and spontaneous tumor models, rarely metastasize to the liver. Intracardiac and intrasplenic injection models do result in liver metastases, however these models can be confounded by concomitant secondary-site metastasis, or by compromised immunity due to removal of the spleen to avoid tumor growth at the injection site. To address the need for improved liver metastasis models, a murine portal vein injection method that delivers tumor cells firstly and directly to the liver was developed. This model delivers tumor cells to the liver without complications of concurrent metastases in other organs or removal of the spleen. The optimized portal vein protocol employs small injection volumes of 5 - 10 &#956;l, &#8805; 32 gauge needles, and hemostatic gauze at the injection site to control for blood loss. The portal vein injection approach in Balb/c female mice using three syngeneic mammary tumor lines of varying metastatic potential was tested; high-metastatic 4T1 cells, moderate-metastatic D2A1 cells, and low-metastatic D2.OR cells. Concentrations of &#8804; 10,000 cells/injection results in a latency of ~ 20 - 40 days for development of liver metastases with the higher metastatic 4T1 and D2A1 lines, and &#62; 55 days for the less aggressive D2.OR line. This model represents an important tool to study breast cancer metastasis to the liver, and may be applicable to other cancers that frequently metastasize to the liver including colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinomas.

A surgical procedure was developed to deliver mammary tumor cells to the murine liver via portal vein injection. This model permits investigation of late stages of liver metastasis in a fully immune competent host, including tumor cell extravasation, seeding, survival, and metastatic outgrowth in the liver.

Um modelo de injeção da veia porta para o Estudo do Fígado metástase do câncer de mama

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. Liver metastasis is involved in upwards of 30% of cases with breast ...

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

The absence of a clinically relevant animal model addressing the typical immune characteristics of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) has significantly impeded elucidation of the underlying mechanisms and development of innovative immunotherapeutic strategies. To develop an ideal animal model recapitulating human HCC, immunocompetent male C57BL/6J mice first receive a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injection to induce liver fibrosis, then receive histologically-normal oncogenic hepatocytes from young male SV40 T antigen (TAg)-transgenic mice (MTD2) by intra-splenic (ISPL) inoculation. Androgen generated in recipient male mice at puberty initiates TAg expression under control of a liver-specific promoter. As a result, the transferred hepatocytes become cancer cells and form tumor masses in the setting of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. This novel model mimics human HCC initiation and progression in the context of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and reflects the most typical features of human HCC including immune dysfunction.

Here, we describe the development of a clinically relevant murine model of liver cancer recapitulating the typical immune features of hepatocellular cancer (HCC).

Um modelo de camundongo de câncer hepatocelular induzido por hepatócitos oncogênico, decorrente do ajuste da inflamação e fibrose hepática

The absence of a clinically relevant animal model addressing the typical immune characteristics of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) has significantly impeded ...

Murine Model of Metastatic Liver Tumors in the Setting of Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

Liver ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury, a common clinical challenge, remains an inevitable pathophysiological process that has been shown to induce multiple tissue and organ damage. Despite recent advances and therapeutic approaches, the overall morbidity has remained unsatisfactory especially in patients with underlying parenchymal abnormalities. In the context of aggressive cancer growth and metastasis, surgical I/R is suspected to be the promoter regulating tumor recurrence. This article aims to describe a clinically relevant murine model of liver I/R and colorectal liver metastasis. In doing so, we aim to assist other investigators in establishing and perfecting this model for their routine research practice to better understand the effects of liver I/R on promoting liver metastases.

We describe in detail a clinically relevant colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) tumor model and the influence of liver ischemia reperfusion (I/R) in tumor growth and metastasis. This model can help to better understand the mechanisms underlying surgery-induced promotion of liver metastatic growth.

Modelo murino de tumores hepáticos metastáticos no cenário de lesão de reperfusão de isquemia

Liver ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury, a common clinical challenge, remains an inevitable pathophysiological process that has been shown to induce ...

Portal Vein Injection of Colorectal Cancer Organoids to Study the Liver Metastasis Stroma

Hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a major component of the tumor microenvironment, play a crucial role in metastatic CRC progression and predict poor patient prognosis. However, there is a lack of satisfactory mouse models to study the crosstalk between metastatic cancer cells and CAFs. Here, we present a method to investigate how liver metastasis progression is regulated by the metastatic niche and possibly could be restrained by stroma-directed therapy. Portal vein injection of CRC organoids generated a desmoplastic reaction, which faithfully recapitulated the fibroblast-rich histology of human CRC liver metastases. This model was tissue-specific with a higher tumor burden in the liver when compared to an intra-splenic injection model, simplifying mouse survival analyses. By injecting luciferase-expressing tumor organoids, tumor growth kinetics could be monitored by in vivo imaging. Moreover, this preclinical model provides a useful platform to assess the efficacy of therapeutics targeting the tumor mesenchyme. We describe methods to examine whether adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of a tumor-inhibiting stromal gene to hepatocytes could remodel the tumor microenvironment and improve mouse survival. This approach enables the development and assessment of novel therapeutic strategies to inhibit hepatic metastasis of CRC.

Portal vein injection of colorectal cancer (CRC) organoids generates stroma-rich liver metastasis. This mouse model of CRC hepatic metastasis represents a useful tool to study tumor-stroma interactions and develop novel stroma-directed therapeutics such as adeno-associated virus-mediated gene therapies.

Portal Injeção de Veia de Organoides de Câncer Colorretal para Estudar o Estroma metástase hepática

Hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a major component of the ...

An Orthotopic Murine Model of Human Prostate Cancer Metastasis

Our laboratory has developed a novel orthotopic implantation model of human prostate cancer (PCa). As PCa death is not due to the primary tumor, but rather the formation of distinct metastasis, the ability to effectively model this progression pre-clinically is of high value. In this model, cells are directly implanted into the ventral lobe of the prostate in Balb/c athymic mice, and allowed to progress for 4-6 weeks. At experiment termination, several distinct endpoints can be measured, such as size and molecular characterization of the primary tumor, the presence and quantification of circulating tumor cells in the blood and bone marrow, and formation of metastasis to the lung. In addition to a variety of endpoints, this model provides a picture of a cells ability to invade and escape the primary organ, enter and survive in the circulatory system, and implant and grow in a secondary site. This model has been used effectively to measure metastatic response to both changes in protein expression as well as to response to small molecule therapeutics, in a short turnaround time.

This orthotopic model of human prostate cancer allows for quantification of tumor size, circulating tumor cells, and formation of distinct metastasis to the lung. As cells must escape the primary organ, enter the blood stream, and implant into a secondary site, this model effectively recapitulates the scenario in humans.

Um Modelo murino de próstata humana Metástase Ortotópico

Our laboratory has developed a novel orthotopic implantation model of  human prostate cancer (PCa). As PCa death is not due to the primary tumor, but  ...

Non-Invasive PET/MR Imaging in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Preclinical experimental models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that recapitulate human disease represent an important tool to study tumorigenesis and evaluate novel therapeutic approaches. Non-invasive whole-body imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) provides critical insights into the in vivo characteristics of tissues at the molecular level in real-time. We present here a protocol for orthotopic HCC xenograft creation with and without hepatic artery ligation (HAL) to induce tumor hypoxia and the assessment of their tumor metabolism in vivo using [18F]Fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO) and [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) PET/magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Tumor hypoxia could be readily visualized using the hypoxia marker [18F]FMISO, and it was found that the [18F]FMISO uptake was higher in HCC mice that underwent HAL than in the non-HAL group, whereas [18F]FDG could not distinguish tumor hypoxia between the two groups. HAL tumors also displayed a higher level of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1&#945; expression in response to hypoxia. Quantification of HAL tumors showed a 2.3-fold increase in [18F]FMISO uptake based on the standardized value uptake (SUV) approach.

Here, we present a protocol to create orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts with and without hepatic artery ligation and perform non-invasive positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of tumor hypoxia using [18F]Fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO) and [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG).

Imagem PET/MR não invasiva em um modelo ortotópico de carcinoma hepatocelular em camundongo

Preclinical experimental models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that recapitulate human disease represent an important tool to study tumorigenesis and ...

A "Patient-Like" Orthotopic Syngeneic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis

The majority of cancer-related deaths are caused by the metastasis of the cancer rather than the primary tumor itself. Yet, the underlying mechanisms of cancer metastasis are still unclear. Animal models are essential for elucidating the mechanisms and for evaluating novel strategies for the treatment of metastatic cancers. Here, an in-depth description of a &#8220;patient-like&#8221; orthotopic syngeneic mouse model for exploring the mechanisms of metastasis of solid organ tumors is provided. The survival surgical implantation of BNL 1ME A.7R.1 mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cells directly into the liver (the organ of origin) of the inbred wild-type immune competent laboratory mouse strain, BALB/c is described. The success and reproducibility of this methodology recommends it for widespread use in elucidating the biological mechanisms of solid organ cancer metastasis.

The metastatic spread of cancer is the major cause of cancer-related deaths. We provide an in-depth description of our survival surgery methodology for establishing a &#8220;patient-like&#8221; orthotopic syngeneic mouse model system for studying the mechanisms of metastasis in solid organ tumors.

A &quot;Patient-Like&quot; Orthotopic Singênico Rato Modelo de carcinoma hepatocelular Metástase

The majority of cancer-related deaths are caused by the metastasis of the cancer rather than the primary tumor itself. Yet, the underlying mechanisms of ...

Um Modelo murino de metástases hepáticas pré-clínica

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