Chapter 5
Prevenção e Controle de Infecção
Infeção
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. ...
Estágios da infecção
Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, ...
Mecanismo de defesa contra infecções
Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal ...
Resposta inflamatória I: vascular e celular
The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps ...
Resposta inflamatória II: exsudato inflamatório e reparo tecidual
The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular ...
Fatores que afetam o risco de infecção
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against ...
Infecções Associadas à Assistência à Saúde I: Iatrogênicas, Exógenas e Endógenas
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes ...
Infeções Associadas aos Cuidados de Saúde II: Medidas Preventivas
Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use ...
Assepsia
The condition of being free from disease-causing living pathogens is asepsis. Aseptic techniques include a set of standard practices to achieve asepsis. ...
Higiene das mãos
Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and ...
Lavagem das mãos I: introdução e tipos de equipamentos
Handwashing is hand hygiene with plain or antimicrobial soap and water to physically remove dirt, organic material, and microorganisms. However, it may ...
Lavagem das mãos II: etapas pré-procedimento e procedimento inicial
The pre-procedure steps of handwashing include removing jewelry and rolling up sleeves. However, many organizations allow staff to wear wedding rings.
The ...
Lavagem das mãos III: durante o procedimento e etapas pós-procedimento
To wash hands properly, follow these steps:
Wet the hands. Use enough soap to cover all surfaces of the hands.
Rub both hands palm to palm.
Rub the ...
Limpeza, esterilização e desinfecção
Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are the methods that help to break the infection chain and prevent disease.
Cleaning
The cleaning process ...
Métodos de Esterilização I: Métodos Físicos
As used in a healthcare facility, sterilization destroys all microorganisms through physical or chemical methods. The physical method includes steam, dry ...
Métodos de Esterilização II: Métodos Químicos
In healthcare, the chemical method of sterilization uses chemical sterilants to treat surgical instruments and medical supplies to help prevent the ...
Precaução padrão
Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help ...
Equipamento de proteção pessoal
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is unique clothing or equipment worn by an employee to minimize or prevent exposure to infectious agents. PPE creates ...
Uso de EPI em ambientes de saúde I: Colocação
Donning PPE must be completed before contact with the patient. This process protects from infectious agents. The sequence and action included in each ...
Uso de EPI em ambientes de saúde II: Retirada
The sequence of removing or doffing PPE starts with the gloves, as they are the most contaminated. Next is removal of the face shield or goggles, as they ...
Precauções baseadas na transmissão I: contato, entérico e gotículas
Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk ...
Precauções baseadas em transmissão II: ambiente aéreo e de proteção
Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. ...
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