Chapter 13
Economics for Labor Markets
Fatores de produção
Production involves the creation of physical products such as cars, televisions, and pens or intangible products such as education, travel, and cleaning ...
A demanda por mão de obra: firme
For a firm, demand for a factor of production, such as labor, is the number of employees it seeks to hire during a given time period for a particular ...
O lucro competitivo maximizando a demanda de mão de obra da empresa: suposições
A few assumptions are made to analyze the demand for labor by a firm.
Consider a firm operating a mango orchard. The firm is assumed to be ...
O Produto Marginal do Trabalho I
The marginal product of labor, or MP_L, is the additional output that results from adding one more unit of labor, holding all other inputs constant.
For ...
O Produto Marginal do Trabalho II
The marginal product of labor or MP_L is calculated as the quotient of change in the quantity of output to change in the quantity of labor while keeping ...
O valor do produto marginal do trabalho e a demanda por trabalho
The marginal product of labor or MP_L shows the additional units of the product manufactured by hiring another unit of labor while keeping other inputs ...
A decisão da empresa competitiva de contratar mão de obra
For a competitive firm, such as a mango orchard, the value of the marginal product curve or VMPL is the labor-demand curve.
This firm faces a ...
A demanda do mercado por mão de obra
In a perfectly competitive labor market, numerous firms or employers demand services of labor. Workers are paid wages for the services that they offer to ...
A oferta de mão de obra no mercado
Labor is a unique factor of production. While labor is demanded by firms, it is supplied by individuals living in households.
The market supply curve of ...
Equilíbrio no mercado de trabalho
In a competitive labor market, where numerous firms buy labor services, and many workers sell them, the equilibrium wage rate is set by labor demand and ...
Mudança na demanda de trabalho I
The market demand curve for labor is downward sloping. It reflects the value of the marginal product of labor.
When the price of the product changes, it ...
Mudança na demanda de trabalho II
Technological changes can shift the market demand curve for labor. If the new technology complements labor productivity, the demand for labor will shift ...
Mudança na oferta de mão de obra
A rightward shift in the supply curve for the labor market shows an increase in the labor supply. This means that more workers are willing to work at each ...
Efeito no equilíbrio: mudança na oferta de trabalho
A shift in the market supply of labor affects the equilibrium wage in the labor market.
Consider a perfectly competitive labor market where agriculturists ...
Efeito no equilíbrio: mudança na demanda de trabalho
The market demand curve for labor also reflects the value of the marginal product of labor or VMPL. So, something that changes the VMPL, such as an ...
O trade-off entre trabalho e lazer
In economics, time usually has two uses. People either work or spend time on leisure.
People earn wages by working. These wages are the income used to ...
Oferta de mão de obra para trás
The labor supply curve of an individual shows the relation between wage rate and the quantity of labor supplied measured in hours worked.
The reservation ...
Os outros fatores de produção
Apart from labor, there are two other important factors of production for which the firm wants to determine the optimum level to be used. These are land ...
Renda de equilíbrio: o mercado de terras
The landowners supply land, and producers rent it.
For example, farmers rent land to grow corn.
When landowners charge higher rent, the quantity of land ...
Renda de equilíbrio: o mercado de capital
Capital is used to produce goods and services. For an orchard, capital includes heavy machines such as tractors and simple equipment such as ladders and ...
Ligações entre os fatores de produção
Factors of production are interlinked.
For example, a natural calamity that leads to the loss of human lives decreases the market supply of labor. This ...
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