이 작품은 헬싱키 대학과 제인과 아토스 에르코 재단에 의해 지원되었다. S.H. 펠로우십을 위한 에라스무스+ EU 기금 감사합니다.

1. Ag-Pd/ZrO2 NPs 합성 
참고: 이 절차에서 Ag-Pd의 Pd mol%는 1%에 해당했으며 ZrO2의 Ag-PD 로딩은 3wt.%에 해당했습니다.
<ol><li>250mL 비커에 ZrO2 분말 1 g을 놓습니다.</li>
	<li>AgNO 3(aq) (0.0059 mol/L) 및 K2PdCl 4(aq)의 9.71mL(0.00031 mol/L) 용액의 50mL를 실온에서 격렬한 자기 교반(500rpm)에서 비커에 추가합니다.</li>
	<li>용해액 10mL(0.53M)를 추가합니다.</li>
	<li>혼합물을 20분 동안 격렬한 교반(500rpm) 아래에 보관하십시오.</li>
	<li>20분 후, 파이펫을 사용하여 1mL/분 의 속도로 새로 준비된 NaBH 4(aq) (0.035 M) 용액의 서스펜션 10mL에 추가합니다. 현탁액을 과정 전반에 걸쳐 교반 (500 rpm) 아래에 보관하십시오.</li>
	<li>혼합물을 실온에서 30 분 동안 저어 주세요.</li>
</ol>2. 촉매의 분리 및 정화
<ol><li>서스펜션을 원심분리튜브로 옮기고 10분 동안 3,260 x g에서 원심분리로 고체를 혼합물로부터 분리한다.</li>
	<li>파이펫으로 액체 상을 조심스럽게 제거하고 튜브에 15mL 의 산화물을 추가합니다.<ol>
<li>고체의 분산이 얻어지을 때까지 힘차게 흔들어 주세요. 좋은 분산이 이루어지지 않으면 튜브를 초음파 욕조에 5 분 동안 놓습니다.</li>
		<li>10 분 동안 3,260 x g에서 분산을 원심 분리합니다.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>세정 단계(2.2. ~ 2.2.2.2.) 탈온화된 물을 사용하여 두 번 더 반복한 다음 물 대신 에탄올을 사용합니다.</li>
	<li>에탄올을 제거하고 오븐에서 12시간 동안 60°C에서 고체를 건조시다.</li>
	<li>다양한 현미경, 원소 및 분광 기술에 의해 준비된 Ag-Pd/ZrO2 NP를 특성화합니다.</li>
</ol>3. Ag /ZrO2 NPs의 합성 
참고: 이 절차에서 ZrO2의 Ag 로딩은 3wt.%에 해당합니다.
<ol><li>250mL 비커에 ZrO2 분말 1 g을 놓습니다.</li>
	<li>실온에서 격렬한 자기 교반(500rpm)의 비커에 AgNO 3(aq) (0.0059 mol/L) 용액의 50mL를 추가합니다.</li>
	<li>용해액 10mL(0.53M)를 추가합니다.</li>
	<li>혼합물을 20분 동안 격렬한 교반(500rpm) 아래에 보관하십시오.</li>
	<li>20분 후, 파이펫을 사용하여 1mL/분 의 속도로 새로 준비된 NaBH 4(aq) (0.035 M) 용액의 서스펜션 10mL에 추가합니다. 현탁액을 과정 전반에 걸쳐 교반 (500 rpm) 아래에 보관하십시오.</li>
	<li>혼합물을 실온에서 30 분 동안 저어 주세요.</li>
</ol>4. 촉매의 분리 및 정화
<ol><li>서스펜션을 원심분리튜브로 옮기고 10분 동안 3,260 x g에서 원심분리로 고체를 혼합물로부터 분리한다.</li>
	<li>파이펫으로 액체 상을 조심스럽게 제거하고 튜브에 15mL 의 산화물을 추가합니다.<ol>
<li>고체의 분산이 관찰될 때까지 힘차게 흔들어 주세요. 좋은 분산이 이루어지지 않으면 튜브를 초음파 욕조에 5 분 동안 놓습니다.</li>
		<li>10 분 동안 3,260 x g에서 분산을 원심 분리합니다.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>탈온화된 물을 사용하여 세척 단계(4.2.~ 4.2.2.) 두 번 더 반복한 다음, 물 대신 에탄올을 사용한 다음 두 번 더 반복합니다.</li>
	<li>에탄올을 제거하고 오븐에서 12시간 동안 60°C에서 고체를 건조시다.</li>
	<li>준비된 Ag/ZrO2 NPs는 다양한 현미경, 원소 및 분광 기술을 특징으로 할 수 있습니다.</li>
</ol>5. LSPR 여기의 니트로벤젠 감소를 향한 플라스모닉 촉매 성능 조사(빛 조명)
<ol><li>마그네틱 교반 바와 함께 25mL 라운드 하단 플라스크에 촉매 30 mg을 놓습니다.</li>
	<li>이소프로필 알코올(IPA)에 니트로벤젠(0.03 mol/L)의 용액5mL을 원자로에 넣습니다.</li>
	<li>이어서 11.22 mg의 KOH 파우더(0.0002 mol)를 추가합니다.</li>
	<li>1 분 동안 아르곤 흐름으로 현탁액을 버블링하여 원자로를 제거합니다. 정화 직후 플라스크를 밀봉합니다.</li>
	<li>반응기를 온도 조절 자기 교반기(500rpm) 위에 70°C로 가열하는 오일 욕조에 놓습니다.</li>
	<li>광원으로 425 nm의 파장을 가진 4 개의 LED 램프를 사용하여 튜브를 방사하고, 0.5 W / cm2의광 강도를 갖는다. 램프에서 반응 플라스크까지의 거리는 7cm여야 합니다.</li>
	<li>격렬한 자기 교반 (500 rpm)에서 70 °C에서 2.5 h의 반응을 진행하게하십시오.</li>
	<li>그런 다음, 빛을 끄고, 반응기를 열고 주사기와 바늘을 사용하여 1mL 샘플을 수집한다. 0.45 μm 필터를 통해 걸러내고 촉매 미립자를 제거하고 가스 크로마토그래피 바이알로 제거합니다.</li>
</ol>6. LSPR 흥분의 부재에 대한 반응 (어두운 조건)
<ol><li>5에 설명된 것과 동일한 단계를 따르지만 가벼운 조사없이 수행하십시오. 반응 튜브를 알루미늄 호일로 감싸서 빛 노출을 방지합니다.</li>
</ol>7. 가스 크로마토그래피 (GC) 분석 준비
<ol><li>약 30mmol/L 니트로벤젠(NB), 30mmol/L의 안일린(AN), 아조벤젠(AB)의 30mmol/L이 포함된 IPA 용액을 준비한다.</li>
	<li>적합한 방법을 사용하여 솔루션의 GC 분석을 실행합니다. 열 온도 및 가스 흐름 프로그램을 변경하여 다양한 방법을 테스트할 수 있습니다. 선택한 메서드는 최소 보존 기간 동안 IPA, NB, AN 및 AB에 해당하는 피크를 분리할 수 있어야 합니다.</li>
	<li>이 방법을 선택하면 IPA에서 50mMM, 25mM, 10mM, 5mM 및 2.5mMM NB의 솔루션 세트와 동일한 농도의 IPA에서 AN 및 AB의 또 다른 솔루션 세트를 준비하십시오.</li>
	<li>준비된 솔루션에 대한 GC 분석을 실행합니다. 각 크로마토그램은 2개의 피크를 제시해야 합니다: 더 높은 것은 IPA에 해당하고 낮은 것은 NB, AN 또는 AB에 해당합니다. 각 크로마토그램에 대해 모든 피크의 보존 시간과 피크 영역을 기록합니다.</li>
	<li>각 샘플의 농도 대 피크 영역을 플로팅하여 NB, AN 및 AB의 교정 곡선을 추적합니다.</li>
</ol>8. GC 분석
<ol><li>5단계에서 수집된 샘플에 대한 GC 분석을 실행합니다. 및 6. 7.2 단계에 사용되는 동일한 메서드를 사용합니다. 및 7.4.</li>
	<li>각 크로마토그램에 대해 보존 시간과 피크 영역을 기록하고 이전에 플롯된 교정 곡선을 사용하여 샘플에서 NB, AN 및 AB의 농도를 결정합니다.</li>
	<li>방정식을 사용하여 니트로 벤젠 변환뿐만 아니라 애니라인과 아조벤젠 선택도를 계산합니다. <img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/61712/61712eq1.jpg"> <img alt="Equation 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/61712/61712eq2.jpg"> <img alt="Equation 3" src="/files/ftp_upload/61712/61712eq3.jpg"> <img alt="Equation 4" src="/files/ftp_upload/61712/61712eq4.jpg">초기 NB 농도(0.03 mol/L), C NB, CAN,C AB는 각각 GC 분석에 의한 2.5시간 반응 후 NB, AN 및 AB 농도에 대응한다.</li>
</ol>

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</ol>

저자는 공개 할 것이 없습니다.

이 방법에 기술된 연구 결과는 Pd의 본질적인 촉매 활성(또는 다른 촉매학적이지만 플라스모닉 금속이 아님)가 바이메탈 합금NPs(35)에서가시광선 조사를 통해 LSPR 여기를 통해 현저하게 향상될 수 있음을 보여준다. 이 경우 Ag(또는 다른 플라스모닉 금속)는 LSPR 여기를 통해 가시광선 조사로부터 에너지를 수확할 수 있습니다. LSPR 여기는 핫 충전 캐리어 (뜨거운 전자 및 구멍)와 국?...

금속 나노 입자 (NP)의 여러 응용 프로그램 중 촉매는 특별한주의를 기울일 자격이 있습니다. 촉매는 지속 가능한 미래에 중심적인 역할을 하여 에너지 소비 감소, 원료 의 활용 도성 및 더 깨끗한 반응 조건1,2,3,4를가능하게 합니다. 따라서 촉매의 진전은 화학 공정의 원자 효율을 향상시키고 더 깨끗하고 경제적으로 가능하며 환경 친화적으로 만드는 도구를 제공 할 수 있습니다. 은(Ag), 금(Au) 또는 구리(Cu)를 포괄하는 금속 은(Ag), 금(Au) 또는 구리(Cu)는 이러한 시스템이 국소화된 표면 플라스몬 공명(LSPR) 여기5,6,7,8을통해 나노스케일에서 빛과 상호 작용하는 독특한 방식으로 발생하는 가시적 범위에서 흥미로운 광학 적 특성을 표시할 수 있다. 플라스모닉 NPs라고불리는 이들 NPs에서 LSPR은 전자5,6,7,8의집단 운동과 함께 사건 광자(들어오는 전자파로부터)간의 공명 상호작용을 포함한다. 이러한 현상은 환경9,10,11의크기, 모양, 조성 및 유전체 상수에 의존하는 특징적인 주파수에서 일어난다. 예를 들어, Ag, Au 및 Cu의 경우 이러한 주파수는 눈에 보이는 것에서 가까운 IR까지 다양할 수 있으며, LSPR5,6,7,8,12,13을자극하기 위해 태양 에너지를 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 열어줍니다.
최근에는 플라스모닉 NPs에서 LSPR 암분이 분자변환5,14,15,16,17,18,19의선택성을 가속화하고 조절하는 데 기여할 수 있음을 입증하였다. 이것은 점서 촉매라는 필드를 낳았다, 가속에 빛에서 에너지를 사용하는 데 초점을 맞추고, 드라이브, 및 제어 화학 변환5,14,15, 16,17,18,19. 이러한 맥락에서, 플라스모닉 폰의 LSPR 여기가 LSPR 흥분 핫 캐리어라고 불리는 에너지 핫 전자와 구멍의 형성으로 이어질 수 있다는 것이 확립되었습니다. 이들 운반대는 전자 또는 진동활성화(15,16)를통해 흡착된 종과 상호 작용할 수 있다. 반응속도 증가 외에도, 이 과정은 또한 기존의 열화학적 중심 공정을 통해 접근할 수 없는 대체 반응 경로를 제공할 수 있으며, 반응 선택성20,21,22, 23,24,25에대한 제어를 위한 새로운 길을 열어줄 수있다. 중요한 것은, 플라스몬 붕괴가 열 방출로 이어질 수 있다는 점에 주목할 필요가 있으며, 이는 또한 반응 속도 속도 속도에 기여할 수 있는 NPs 부근의 온도 상승으로 이끌어 내는15,16.
이러한 흥미로운 기능으로 인해, 플라스모닉 촉매는 성공적으로 다양한 분자 변환을 향해 사용되었습니다18. 그럼에도 불구하고 중요한 과제는 여전히 남아 있습니다. Ag 및 Au와 같은 플라스모닉 NP는 가시및 거의 IR 범위에 우수한 광학 특성을 표시하지만, 촉매 특성은 변환 범위측면에서 제한됩니다. 즉, 몇 가지 변환에 대해 좋은 촉매 특성을 표시하지 않습니다. 또한 팔라듐(Pd) 및 백금(Pt)과 같은 촉매에 중요한 금속은 가시또는 거의 IR 범위에서 LSPR 흥분을 지원하지 않습니다. 이러한 격차를 해소하기 위해, 플라스모닉 및 촉매 금속을 포함하는 바이메탈 NP는 효과적인전략(20,26,27,28, 29)을나타낸다. 이러한 시스템에서 플라스모닉 금속은 LSPR을 통해 광 여기로부터 에너지를 수확하기 위해 안테나로 사용될 수 있으며, 이 금속은 촉매 금속에서 분자 변환을 구동, 가속 및 제어하는 데 사용됩니다. 따라서,이 전략은 우리가 기존의 플라스모닉 금속 NPs 를 넘어 플라스몬 촉매를 확장 할 수있습니다 20,26,27,28,29.
이 프로토콜은 ZrO2 (Ag-Pd/ZrO2)에서지원되는 바이메탈 실버 팔라듐 (Ag-Pd) 합금 NPs의 촉진 합성을 설명하며, 이는 플라스모닉 촉매를 위한 플라스모닉 촉매 시스템으로 작용할 수 있습니다. Ag-Pd/ZrO2 NPs는 ZrO2 지지대에서 해당 금속 전구체의 공동 함침에 의해 제조되었으며, 그 다음으로 동시 감소30이되었다. 이러한 접근법은 ZrO2 지지체의 표면에서 직접 크기(직경)의 약 10nm 정도의 바이메탈 NPs를 형성하게 되었다. NP는 Pd의 1mol%로 구성되어 촉매 금속의 활용도를 최소화하면서 결과 Ag-Pd NP의 광학 적 특성을 극대화하였다. 플라스모닉 촉매에서 Ag-Pd/ZrO2 NPs의 적용을 위한 프로토콜이 니트로벤젠의 감소를 위해 입증되었다. 우리는 LSPR 흥분을 위해 425 nm LED 조명을 고용했습니다. 가스 크로마토그래피는 어둡고 가벼운 조사 조건 하에서 환감 반응의 변환 및 선택성을 모니터링하기 위해 수행되었다. LSPR 흥분은 순전히 열 구동 조건에 비해 Ag-Pd/ZrO2 NPs에서 선택성을 제어하여 촉매 성능을 향상시켰습니다. 이 프로토콜에 기재된 방법은 가스 크로마토그래피와 결합된 간단한 광촉매 반응 설정을 기반으로 하며 광범위한 분자 변환 및 NPs 조성에 적응할 수 있다. 따라서,이 방법은 변환 및 반응 선택성, 다른 NP및 무수한 액체 상 변환의 관점에서, 광촉매 활성의 특성화를 가능하게한다. 우리는이 문서가 현장에서 이민자와 경험이 풍부한 과학자 모두에게 중요한 지침과 통찰력을 제공 할 것이라고 믿습니다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>2-Propanol (anhydrous, 99.5%)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>278475</td><td>CAS Number 67-63-0</td></tr><tr><td>Aniline (for synthesis)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>8.22256</td><td>CAS Number 62-53-3</td></tr><tr><td>Azobenzene (98%)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>424633</td><td>CAS Number 103-33-3</td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol</td><td>Honeywell</td><td>32221</td><td>CAS Number 64-17-5</td></tr><tr><td>Hydrochloric acid (37%)</td><td>VWR</td><td>PRLSMC310066</td><td>CAS Number 7647-01-0</td></tr><tr><td>L-Lysine (crystallized, &amp;ge;98.0% (NT))</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>62840</td><td>CAS Number 56-87-1</td></tr><tr><td>Nitric acid (65%)</td><td>Merck</td><td>100456</td><td>CAS Number 7697-37-2</td></tr><tr><td>Nitrobenzene</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>8.06770</td><td>CAS Number 98-95-3</td></tr><tr><td>Potassium hydroxide</td><td>Fisher</td><td>10448990</td><td>CAS Number 1310-58-3</td></tr><tr><td>Potassium tetrachloropalladate (II) (98%)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>205796</td><td>CAS Number 10025-98-6</td></tr><tr><td>Silver nitrate (ACS reagent, &amp;ge;99.0%)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>209139</td><td>CAS Number 7761-88-8</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium borohydride (fine granular for synthesis)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>8.06373</td><td>CAS Number 16940-66-2</td></tr><tr><td>Zirconium (IV) oxide (nanopowder, &amp;lt;100 nm particle size (TEM))</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>544760</td><td>CAS Number 1314-23-4</td></tr></tbody></table>

preparation of silver-palladium alloyed nanoparticles for plasmonic catalysis under visible-light illumination

플라스모닉 나노입자(NPs)의 국소화된 표면 플라스몬 공명(LSPR)은 다양한 분자 변형의 선택성을 가속화하고 조절할 수 있다. 이는 이러한 범위에서 LSPR 흥분을 지원하는 플라스모닉 나노 입자가 촉매로 사용될 때 반응을 구동하고 제어하는 지속 가능한 입력으로 가시적이거나 가까운 IR 광을 사용할 가능성을 열어줍니다. 불행히도, 이것은 팔라듐 (PD)과 같은 여러 촉매 금속의 경우는 아닙니다. 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위한 한 가지 전략은 플라스모닉 및 촉매 금속을 함유한 바이메탈 EP를 사용하는 것입니다. 이 경우 플라스모닉 금속의 LSPR 여기는 촉매 성분에 의해 구동되는 변환을 가속화하고 제어하는 데 기여할 수 있다. 본 명세서에서 보고된 방법은 플라스모닉 촉매 제역할을 하는 ZrO 2(Ag-Pd/ZrO2)에서지원되는 바이메탈 실버 팔라듐(Ag-Pd) NPs의 합성에 초점을 맞추고 있다. NPs는 ZrO2 지지대에서 해당 금속 전구체의 공동 함침에 의해 제조되었고, 이어서 ZrO2 지지대에서 직접 바이메탈 EP의 형성으로 이어지는 동시 감소에 의해 제조되었다. Ag-Pd/ZrO2 NPs는 LED 램프에 의한 425 nm 조명 하에서 니트로벤젠을 감소시켜 플라스모닉 촉매로 사용되었다. 가스 크로마토그래피(GC)를 사용하여, 어둡고 가벼운 조사 조건 하에서 환원 반응의 변환 및 선택성을 모니터링할 수 있으며, 플라스모닉 메탈 Ag로 비플라스모닉 PD를 합금한 후 LSPR 흥분하에서 선택성을 향상된 촉매 성능과 제어할 수 있다. 이 기술은 광범위한 분자 변환 및 NPs 조성에 적응할 수 있으므로 변환 및 선택성 측면에서 다양한 유형의 촉매의 플라스모닉 촉매 활성의 특성화에 유용합니다.

도 1A는 순수 ZrO2 산화물(왼쪽)과 Ag-Pd/ZrO2 NPs(오른쪽)를 포함하는 고체 시료의 디지털 사진을 나타낸다. 이러한 색상 변경은 흰색(ZrO2)에서갈색(Ag-Pd/ZrO2)으로ZrO2 표면에서 Ag-Pd NPs의 증착에 대한 초기 질적 증거를 제공한다. 도 1B는 Ag-Pd/ZrO2 NPs(파란색 추적) 뿐만 아니라 ZrO2(블랙 트레이스) 및 Ag/ZrO<s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation of Silver-Palladium Alloyed Nanoparticles for Plasmonic Catalysis under Visible-Light Illumination at JoVE.com

Preparation of Silver-Palladium Alloyed Nanoparticles for Plasmonic Catalysis under Visible-Light Illumination

여기에 제시된 은 팔라듐(Ag-Pd) 합금 나노입자(NPs)의 합성을 위한 프로토콜이 ZrO 2(Ag-Pd/ZrO2)에서지원된다. 이 시스템은 가시광선 조사에서 에너지를 수확하여 분자 변환을 가속화하고 제어할 수 있도록 합니다. 이것은 Ag-Pd/ZrO2 NPs에 의해 촉매화된 빛 조사에서 니트로벤젠 감소에 의해 삽화됩니다.

가시광선 조명 아래 플라스모닉 촉매용 실버 팔라듐 합금 나노 입자 의 준비

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) can accelerate and control the selectivity of a variety of molecular ...

preparation-silver-palladium-alloyed-nanoparticles-for-plasmonic

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

5.4K 조회수.  University of Helsinki. 여기에 제시된 은 팔라듐(Ag-Pd) 합금 나노입자(NPs)의 합성을 위한 프로토콜이 ZrO 2(Ag-Pd/ZrO2)에서지원된다. 이 시스템은 가시광선 조사에서 에너지를 수확하여 분자 변환을 가속화하고 제어할 수 있도록 합니다. 이것은 Ag-Pd/ZrO2 NPs에 의해 촉매화된 빛 조사에서 니트로벤젠 감소에 의해 삽화됩니다.

비디오: Preparation of Silver-Palladium Alloyed Nanoparticles for Plasmonic Catalysis under Visible-Light Illumination

Evaluating Plasmonic Transport in Current-carrying Silver Nanowires

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information support1,2,3. In this context, metal nanowires are especially desirable for realizing dense routing networks4. A prerequisite to operate such shared nanowire-based platform relies on our ability to electrically contact individual metal nanowires and efficiently excite surface plasmon polaritons5 in this information support. In this article, we describe a protocol to bring electrical terminals to chemically-synthesized silver nanowires6 randomly distributed on a glass substrate7. The positions of the nanowire ends with respect to predefined landmarks are precisely located using standard optical transmission microscopy before encapsulation in an electron-sensitive resist. Trenches representing the electrode layout are subsequently designed by electron-beam lithography. Metal electrodes are then fabricated by thermally evaporating a Cr/Au layer followed by a chemical lift-off. The contacted silver nanowires are finally transferred to a leakage radiation microscope for surface plasmon excitation and characterization8,9. Surface plasmons are launched in the nanowires by focusing a near infrared laser beam on a diffraction-limited spot overlapping one nanowire extremity5,9. For sufficiently large nanowires, the surface plasmon mode leaks into the glass substrate9,10. This leakage radiation is readily detected, imaged, and analyzed in the different conjugate planes in leakage radiation microscopy9,11. The electrical terminals do not affect the plasmon propagation. However, a current-induced morphological deterioration of the nanowire drastically degrades the flow of surface plasmons. The combination of surface plasmon leakage radiation microscopy with a simultaneous analysis of the nanowire electrical transport characteristics reveals the intrinsic limitations of such plasmonic circuitry.

Silver nanowires can simultaneously transport electrons and optical information in the form of surface plasmons. A procedure is described here to realize such a shared circuitry and the limitations at propagating both information carriers are evaluated.

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information ...

연구

공학

Synthesis of Immunotargeted Magneto-plasmonic Nanoclusters

Magnetic and plasmonic properties combined in a single nanoparticle provide a synergy that is advantageous in a number of biomedical applications including contrast enhancement in novel magnetomotive imaging modalities, simultaneous capture&#160;and detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs),&#160;and multimodal molecular imaging combined with photothermal therapy of cancer cells. These applications have stimulated significant interest in development of protocols for synthesis of magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles with optical absorbance in the near-infrared (NIR) region and a strong magnetic moment. Here, we present a novel protocol for synthesis of such hybrid nanoparticles that is based on an oil-in-water microemulsion method. The unique feature of the protocol described herein is synthesis of magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles of various sizes from primary blocks which also have magneto-plasmonic characteristics. This approach yields nanoparticles with a high density of magnetic and plasmonic functionalities which are uniformly distributed throughout the nanoparticle volume. The hybrid nanoparticles can be easily functionalized by attaching antibodies through the Fc moiety leaving the Fab portion that is responsible for antigen binding available for targeting.

Here, we describe a protocol for synthesis of magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles with a strong magnetic moment and a strong near-infrared (NIR) absorbance. The protocol also includes antibody conjugation to the nanoparticles through the Fc moiety for various biomedical applications which require molecular specific targeting.

Immunotargeted의 합성 자기 - 플라즈 모닉 나노 클러스터

Magnetic and plasmonic properties combined in a single nanoparticle provide a synergy that is advantageous in a number of biomedical applications ...

화학

Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles

Plasmonic nanoparticles are an attractive material for light harvesting applications due to their easily modified surface, high surface area and large extinction coefficients which can be tuned across the visible spectrum. Research into the plasmonic enhancement of optical transitions has become popular, due to the possibility of altering and in some cases improving photo-absorption or emission properties of nearby chromophores such as molecular dyes or quantum dots. The electric field of the plasmon can couple with the excitation dipole of a chromophore, perturbing the electronic states involved in the transition and leading to increased absorption and emission rates. These enhancements can also be negated at close distances by energy transfer mechanism, making the spatial arrangement of the two species critical. Ultimately, enhancement of light harvesting efficiency in plasmonic solar cells could lead to thinner and, therefore, lower cost devices. The development of hybrid core/shell particles could offer a solution to this issue. The addition of a dielectric spacer between a gold nanoparticles and a chromophore is the proposed method to control the exciton plasmon coupling strength and thereby balance losses with the plasmonic gains. A detailed procedure for the coating of gold nanoparticles with CdS and ZnS semiconductor shells is presented. The nanoparticles show high uniformity with size control in both the core gold particles and shell species allowing for a more accurate investigation into the plasmonic enhancement of external chromophores.

The synthesis of uniform gold nanoparticles coated with semiconductor shells of CdS or ZnS is performed. The semiconductor coating is conducted by first depositing a silver sulfide shell and exchanging the silver cations for zinc or cadmium cations.

합성, 특성 및 하이브리드 금 / CD 및 금 /은 ZnS 코어 / 쉘 나노 입자의 작용 화

Plasmonic nanoparticles are an attractive material for light harvesting applications due to their easily modified surface, high surface area and large ...

Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Present work demonstrates the simple, chemical free, fast, and energy efficient method to produce reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) solution at RT using visible light irradiation with plasmonic nanoparticles. The plasmonic nanoparticle is used to improve the reduction efficiency of GO. It only takes 30 min&#160;at RT by illuminating the solutions with Xe-lamp, the r-GO solutions can be obtained by completely removing gold nanoparticles through simple centrifugation step. The spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as compared to the other nanostructures is the most suitable plasmonic nanostructure for r-GO preparation. The reduced graphene oxide prepared using visible light and AuNPs was equally qualitative as chemically reduced graphene oxide, which was supported by various analytical techniques such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, powder XRD and XPS. The reduced graphene oxide prepared with visible light shows excellent quenching properties over the fluorescent molecules modified on ssDNA and excellent fluorescence recovery for target DNA detection. The r-GO prepared by recycled AuNPs is found to be of same quality with that of chemically reduced r-GO. The use of visible light with plasmonic nanoparticle demonstrates the good alternative method for r-GO synthesis.

A simple protocol for the preparation of reduced graphene oxide using visible light and plasmonic nanoparticle is described.

플라즈몬 나노 입자를 사용하여 그래 핀 산화물의 가시 광선 유도 감소

Present work demonstrates the simple, chemical free, fast, and energy efficient method to produce reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) solution at RT using ...

Multifunctional Hybrid Fe2O3-Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Heating

One of the most widely used methods for manufacturing colloidal gold nanospherical particles involves the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) to neutral gold Au(0) by reducing agents, such as sodium citrate or sodium borohydride. The extension of this method to decorate iron oxide or similar nanoparticles with gold nanoparticles to create multifunctional hybrid Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles is straightforward. This approach yields fairly good control over Au nanoparticle dimensions and loading onto Fe2O3. Additionally, the Au metal size, shape, and loading can easily be tuned by changing experimental parameters (e.g., reactant concentrations, reducing agents, surfactants, etc.). An advantage of this procedure is that the reaction can be done in air or water, and, in principle, is amenable to scaling up. The use of such optically tunable Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles for hyperthermia studies is an attractive option as it capitalizes on plasmonic heating of gold nanoparticles tuned to absorb light strongly in the VIS-NIR region. In addition to its plasmonic effects, nanoscale Au provides a unique surface for interesting chemistries and catalysis. The Fe2O3 material provides additional functionality due to its magnetic property. For example, an external magnetic field could be used to collect and recycle the hybrid Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles after a catalytic experiment, or alternatively, the magnetic Fe2O3 can be used for hyperthermia studies through magnetic heat induction. The photothermal experiment described in this report measures bulk temperature change and nanoparticle solution mass loss as functions of time using infrared thermocouples and a balance, respectively. The ease of sample preparation and the use of readily available equipment are distinct advantages of this technique. A caveat is that these photothermal measurements assess the bulk solution temperature and not the surface of the nanoparticle where the heat is transduced and the temperature is likely to be higher.

Multifunctional Hybrid Fe2O3-Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Heating

We describe the synthesis and properties of multifunctional Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles produced by a wet chemical approach and investigate their photothermal properties using laser irradiation. The composite Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles retain the properties of both materials, creating a multifunctional structure with excellent magnetic and plasmonic properties.

다기능 하이브리드 철<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; O<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt; 효율적인 플라즈몬 난방을위한 -Au 나노 입자

One of the most widely used methods for manufacturing colloidal gold nanospherical particles involves the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) to ...

Colloidal Synthesis of Nanopatch Antennas for Applications in Plasmonics and Nanophotonics

We present a method for colloidal synthesis of silver nanocubes and the use of these in combination with a smooth gold film, to fabricate plasmonic nanoscale patch antennas. This includes a detailed procedure for the fabrication of thin films with a well-controlled thickness over macroscopic areas using layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolyte polymers, namely poly(allylamine) hydrochloride (PAH) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS). These polyelectrolyte spacer layers serve as a dielectric gap in between silver nanocubes and a gold film. By controlling the size of the nanocubes or the gap thickness, the plasmon resonance can be tuned from about 500 nm to 700 nm. Next, we demonstrate how to incorporate organic sulfo-cyanine5 carboxylic acid (Cy5) dye molecules into the dielectric polymer gap region of the nanopatch antennas. Finally, we show greatly enhanced fluorescence of the Cy5 dyes by spectrally matching the plasmon resonance with the excitation energy and the Cy5 absorption peak. The method presented here enables the fabrication of plasmonic nanopatch antennas with well-controlled dimensions utilizing colloidal synthesis and a layer-by-layer dip-coating process with the potential for low cost and large-scale production. These nanopatch antennas hold great promise for practical applications, for example in sensing, ultrafast optoelectronic devices and for high-efficiency photodetectors.

A protocol for the colloidal synthesis of silver nanocubes and fabrication of plasmonic nanoscale patch antennas with sub-10 nm gaps is presented.

플라즈몬과 나노 포토닉스의 응용 프로그램에 대한 Nanopatch 안테나의 콜로이드 합성

We present a method for colloidal synthesis of silver nanocubes and the use of these in combination with a smooth gold film, to fabricate plasmonic ...

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

Combinations of metal oxide semiconductors and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated as new types of materials. The in situ synthesis of AuNPs within the interlayer space of semiconducting layered titania nanosheet (TNS) films was investigated here. Two types of intermediate films (i.e., TNS films containing methyl viologen (TNS/MV2+) and 2-ammoniumethanethiol (TNS/2-AET+)) were prepared. The two intermediate films were soaked in an aqueous tetrachloroauric(III) acid (HAuCl4) solution, whereby considerable amounts of Au(III) species were accommodated within the interlayer spaces of the TNS films. The two types of obtained films were then soaked in an aqueous sodium tetrahydroborate (NaBH4) solution, whereupon the color of the films immediately changed from colorless to purple, suggesting the formation of AuNPs within the TNS interlayer. When only TNS/MV2+ was used as the intermediate film, the color of the film gradually changed from metallic purple to dusty purple within 30 min, suggesting that aggregation of AuNPs had occurred. In contrast, this color change was suppressed by using the TNS/2-AET+ intermediate film, and the AuNPs were stabilized for over 4 months, as evidenced by the characteristic extinction (absorption and scattering) band from the AuNPs.

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

Here, we present a protocol for the in situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) within the interlayer space of layered titanate films without the aggregation of AuNPs. No spectral change was observed even after 4 months. The synthesized material has expected applications in catalysis, photo-catalysis, and the development of cost-effective plasmonic devices.

계층화 된 티탄 투명 필름의 층간 공간에서 집계하지 않고 금 나노 입자의 제자리 합성에

Combinations of metal oxide semiconductors and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated as new types of materials. The in situ synthesis of AuNPs ...

Fabrication of Periodic Gold Nanocup Arrays Using Colloidal Lithography

Within recent years, the field of plasmonics has exploded as researchers have demonstrated exciting applications related to chemical and optical sensing in combination with new nanofabrication techniques. A plasmon is a quantum of charge density oscillation that lends nanoscale metals such as gold and silver unique optical properties. In particular, gold and silver nanoparticles exhibit localized surface plasmon resonances-collective charge density oscillations on the surface of the nanoparticle-in the visible spectrum. Here, we focus on the fabrication of periodic arrays of anisotropic plasmonic nanostructures. These half-shell (or nanocup) structures can exhibit additional unique light-bending and polarization-dependent optical properties that simple isotropic nanostructures cannot. Researchers are interested in the fabrication of periodic arrays of nanocups for a wide variety of applications such as low-cost optical devices, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and tamper indication. We present a scalable technique based on colloidal lithography in which it is possible to easily fabricate large periodic arrays of nanocups using spin-coating and self-assembled commercially available polymeric nanospheres. Electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy from the visible to near-infrared (near-IR) was performed to confirm successful nanocup fabrication. We conclude with a demonstration of the transfer of nanocups to a flexible, conformal adhesive film.

We demonstrate the fabrication of periodic gold nanocup arrays using colloidal lithographic techniques and discuss the importance of nanoplasmonic films.

콜 로이드 리소 그래피를 사용 하 여 정기적 금 Nanocup 배열의 제작

Within recent years, the field of plasmonics has exploded as researchers have demonstrated exciting applications related to chemical and optical sensing ...

A Continuous-flow Photocatalytic Reactor for the Precisely Controlled Deposition of Metallic Nanoparticles

In this work, a novel photocatalytic reactor for the pulsed and controlled excitation of the photocatalyst and the precise deposition of metallic nanoparticles is developed. Guidelines for the replication of the reactor and its operation are provided in detail. Three different composite systems (Pt/graphene, Pt/TiO2, and Au/TiO2) with monodisperse and uniformly distributed particles are produced by this reactor, and the photodeposition mechanism, as well as the synthesis optimization strategy, are discussed. The synthesis methods and their technical aspects are described comprehensively. The role of the ultraviolet (UV) dose (in each excitation pulse) on the photodeposition process is investigated and the optimum values for each composite system are provided.

For a continuous and scalable synthesis of noble-metal-based nanocomposites, a novel photocatalytic reactor is developed and its structure, operation principles, and product quality optimization strategies are described.

금속 나노 입자의 정확 하 게 제어 증 착에 대 한 연속 흐름 촉매 반응 기

In this work, a novel photocatalytic reactor for the pulsed and controlled excitation of the photocatalyst and the precise deposition of metallic ...

Photodeposition of Pd onto Colloidal Au Nanorods by Surface Plasmon Excitation

A protocol is described to photocatalytically guide Pd deposition onto Au nanorods (AuNR) using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Excited plasmonic hot electrons upon SPR irradiation drive reductive deposition of Pd on colloidal AuNR in the presence of [PdCl4]2-. Plasmon-driven reduction of secondary metals potentiates covalent, sub-wavelength deposition at targeted locations coinciding with electric field &#8220;hot-spots&#8221; of the plasmonic substrate using an external field (e.g., laser). The process described herein details a solution-phase deposition of a catalytically-active noble metal (Pd) from a transition metal halide salt (H2PdCl4) onto aqueously-suspended, anisotropic plasmonic structures (AuNR). The solution-phase process is amenable to making other bimetallic architectures. Transmission UV-vis monitoring of the photochemical reaction, coupled with ex situ XPS and statistical TEM analysis, provide immediate experimental feedback to evaluate properties of the bimetallic structures as they evolve during the photocatalytic reaction. Resonant plasmon irradiation of AuNR in the presence of [PdCl4]2- creates a thin, covalently-bound Pd0 shell without any significant dampening effect on its plasmonic behavior in this representative experiment/batch. Overall, plasmonic photodeposition offers an alternative route for high-volume, economical synthesis of optoelectronic materials with sub-5 nm features (e.g., heterometallic photocatalysts or optoelectronic interconnects).

A protocol for anisotropic photodeposition of Pd onto aqueously-suspended Au nanorods via localized surface plasmon excitation is presented.

표면 플라스몬 여기에 의해 콜로이드 Au 나노로드에 Pd의 포토포지션

A protocol is described to photocatalytically guide Pd deposition onto Au nanorods (AuNR) using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Excited plasmonic hot ...