Name: measurement of ultrafast vibrational coherences in polyatomic radical cations with strong-field adiabatic ionization
Uploaded: 2018-08-06T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 8 min 22 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization at JoVE.com

이 작품은 미국 육군 연구 사무실을 통해 계약 W911NF-18-1-0051에 의해 지원 되었다.

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저자는 공개 없다.

이 프로토콜 초고속 진동 역학 지상 전자 상태에서 이온의 선택적 준비를 통해 polyatomic 급진적인 양이온을 해결 하기 위해 수 있습니다. 800를 사용 하 여 표준 필드 강력한 이온화 프로시저 동안 nm 첫 행 diatomics10,11,,1213 및 공동의 지상 전자 상태 급진적인 양이온에 진동 일관성을 준비할 수 2 ...

1960 년대에는 레이저의 발명, 선택적으로 분자에서 화학 결합을 끊기의 목표는 이후 화학자 및 물리학자의 오랜 꿈. 둘 다 조정 하는 기능 레이저 주파수와 강도 관련 된 진동 주파수1,2,3,4에서 선택적 에너지 흡 광도 통해 대상 채권의 직접 분열 수 있도록 믿어 . 그러나, 초기 실험 intramolecular 진동의 재분배는 분자 동안 흡수 에너지 자주 약한 본드4,5의 비 선택적 분열 결과 발견. 그것은 때까지 펨의 개발 펄스 레이저 및 펌프-프로브 기법6 후반에 일관 된 진동 상태, 또는 "웨이브 패킷" 조작 지시 하는 1980 년대 활성화 본드 분열 및 다른 성공적인 제어 목표6,,78. 펌프-프로브 측정, 어떤 점에서 "펌프" 펄스 준비 상태 또는 이후 시간 지연 "프로브" 맥 박에 의해 흥분 하는 이온, 분자9, 초고속 프로세스를 공부에 대 한 가장 널리 사용 되는 기술 중 하나를 유지합니다 10,11,12,13,14,15,,1617,18, 19,20.
초고속 분리 이온화 펌프에 의해 대상 분자의 비선택적 분열에서 발생 하는 대량 spectrometric 탐지를 결합 하는 펌프-프로브 여기를 사용 하 여 polyatomic 급진적인 양이온의 역학을 공부 하 고 중요 한 제한 800 nm21,,2223의 Ti:Sapphire 파장에서 펄스. 이 초과 nonadiabatic multiphoton 이온화에서 결과 분열과 여기 파장 근처-적외선으로 이동 하 여 완화 될 수 있습니다 (예., 1200-1500 nm)22,,2324, 25. 이 더 긴 파장에서의 단 전자 터널링 이온화 multiphoton 여기 상대적인 기여22,23처리 합니다. 단 터널링 작은 초과 에너지는 분자 및 양식을 주로 "차가운" 바닥 상태 분자 이온19,22,23를 부여. 우리의 이전 작품의 근 적외선 여기 사용 일관 된 진동 업무가, 또는 "웨이브 패킷" 800 nm 여기19,에 비해 polyatomic 급진적인 양이온에의 준비 향상을 보여주었다합니다 20. 이 작품에는 화학 전 대리인 simulant 디 메 틸 methylphosphonate (DMMP) 1500 nm와 800을 사용 하 여 펌프-프로브 측정 multiphoton 및 터널링 기부금에 의해 지배 하는 강력한 필드 이온화의 차이 보여주는 것입니다 nm 펌프 한 파장
우리의 펌프-프로브 실험에서 ultrashort 레이저 펄스의 쌍 이며 시간 지연, 재결합, 비행 시간 질량 분석기에 초점을 우리의 설치 그림 1에서 같이. 이러한 실험 필요 Ti:Sapphire 재생 증폭기 제작 > 2 엠 제이, 800 nm, 30 fs 펄스. 앰프 출력 90: 10 (%r: %T) 빔 스플리터, 어디 대부분의 에너지는 펌프 광 파라메트릭 증폭기 (OPA) 1200-1600 nm, 100-300 µJ, 20-30 fs 펄스의 생성에 대 한에 분할 됩니다. IR 펌프 광속의 직경은 22 m m와 5.5 m m 및 창포를 사용 하 여 코드 다운 조명을 800 nm 프로브 광속의 직경에 확장 됩니다. 이 collimations는 훨씬 작은 광속 허리 (9 µ m) 프로브 빔 (30 µ m), 보다 모든 이온 이온화 펌프 펄스 동안 시간 지연 조사 맥 박에 의해 흥분 되도록 펌프 빔 초점에 결과. 우리의 실험의 목표는 집중 된 광속의 가장자리 근처 낮은 농도 에서도 형성 될 수 있는 부모 분자 이온의 역학이이 구성을 사용 합니다. 우리는 더 높은 흥분 이온 종의 역학 관심의 경우, 다음 프로브 빔 직경 여야 한다 펌프의 그것 보다 더 작은 주의.
펌프와 프로브 펄스 collinearly 전파 하 고와 일리-맥 라 렌 시간의 비행 질량 분 서 계 (TOF-MS)26 (그림 2)의 추출 영역에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 분자 샘플 된 유리병에는 입구에 부착 하 고 진공 열. 이 설치 있어야 조사 분자를 0이 아닌 증기 압력; 낮은 증기 압력, 분자에 대 한 유리병이 열 될 수 있습니다. 실로 가스 샘플의 흐름 두 변수 누설 밸브에 의해 제어 됩니다. 샘플 추출 지역27에 대상 분자의 로컬 높은 농도 제공 1/16"스테인레스 스틸 튜브 약 1 cm 레이저 초점 (그림 2)에서 통해 챔버를 입력 합니다. 추출 접시는 동쪽으로 향하게 하는 0.5 m m 슬릿 레이저 전파 및 이온 경로에 직각. 펌프 빔의 레일리 범위 약 2 m m 이므로이 슬릿은 중앙 초점 볼륨 강도 높은 추출 접시28통과에서 생성 된 이온만을 허용 하는 필터를 제공 합니다. 이온 Z-갭 마이크로 채널 격판덮개 (MCP) 검출기29, 검색 하 고 일반적인 상업 Ti:Sapphire 레이저의 1 kHz 반복 속도로 1 g h z 디지털 오실로스코프 기록에 도달 1 m 필드 무료 드리프트 튜브를 입력 합니다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Mass spectrometer components&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TOF lens stack and flight tube assembly</td><td>Jordan TOF Products, Inc.</td><td>C-677</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>18 mm Z-gap detector assembly</td><td>Jordan TOF Products, Inc.</td><td>C-701Z</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TOF high voltage power supply</td><td>Jordan TOF Products, Inc.</td><td>D-603</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Vacuum system components&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rotary vane backing pump</td><td>Edwards Vacuum LLC</td><td>RV12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Turbomolecular pumps (2)</td><td>Edwards Vacuum LLC</td><td>EXT255H</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Turbomolecular pump controllers (2)</td><td>Edwards Vacuum LLC</td><td>EXC300</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pressure gauge</td><td>Edwards Vacuum LLC</td><td>AIGX-S-DN40CF</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Chiller for water cooling</td><td>Neslab</td><td>CFT-25</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Femtosecond laser system&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ti:Sapphire regenerative amplifier</td><td>Coherent, Inc.</td><td>Astrella</td><td>oscillator and amplifier in a single integrated system</td></tr><tr><td>Optical Parametric Amplifer (OPA)</td><td>Light Conversion</td><td>TOPAS Prime</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Motion control&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Motorized linear translation stage 1&quot; travel</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>Z825B</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>controller for linear translation stage</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>KDC 101</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>USB controller hub and power supply</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>KCH 601</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Manual linear translation stage 1&quot; travel</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>PT1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Detectors&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pyroelectric laser energy meter</td><td>Coherent, Inc.</td><td>1168337</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Thermal laser power meter</td><td>Coherent, Inc.</td><td>5356E16R</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Si-biased detector 200-1100 nm</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>DET10A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Compact USB CMOS Camera</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>DCC1545M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>USB spectrometer</td><td>Ocean Optics</td><td>HR4000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1 GHz digital oscilloscope&amp;nbsp;</td><td>LeCroy</td><td>WaveRunner 610Zi</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Optics&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Type 1 BBO crystal</td><td>Crylight Photonics</td><td>BBO007</td><td>aperture and thickness may be customized</td></tr><tr><td>Achromatic half wave plate, 1100-2000 nm</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>AHWP05M-1600</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Wollaston prism polarizer</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>WPM10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hollow retro-reflector</td><td>PLX, Inc.</td><td>OW-20-1C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Variable neutral density filter</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>NDC-100C-2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Longpass dichroic mirror 2&quot; diameter</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>DMLP950L</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Software&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Digital Camera image software</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>ThorCam</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Instrument communication interface</td><td>National Instruments</td><td>NI-MAX</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Graphical development environment for measurement programs</td><td>National Instruments</td><td>LabVIEW</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Data processing software</td><td>Mathworks</td><td>MATLAB</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

measurement of ultrafast vibrational coherences in polyatomic radical cations with strong-field adiabatic ionization

우리는 polyatomic 급진적인 양이온에 진동 일관성을 준비 하 고 그들의 초고속 역학 조사에 대 한 펌프-프로브 방법 제시. 일반적으로 사용 되는 800에서 강력한 필드 이온화 펌프 펄스의 파장을 이동 하 여 nm 근처-적외선 (1200-1600 nm)으로, 단 전자 터널링 이온화 과정에의 기여 multiphoton 흡수 상대적인 증가. 단 열 이온화 주된 인구의 전자 제거, 효과적으로 준비 하는 일관 된 진동 상태 ("웨이브 패킷") 다음 여기에 순종에 따라 이온의 바닥 전자 상태에 결과. 우리의 실험에서 약한 필드 800 nm 펄스와 일관 된 진동 역학 조사 됩니다 하 고 분리 제품의 시간에 따른 수익률 시간의 비행 질량 분석기에 측정 합니다. 800 nm 펄스에 비해 10의 요인에 의해 분자 디 메 틸 methylphosphonate 어떻게 일관 된 진동의 진폭을 향상 1500 nm 펄스를 사용 하 여 여기에 대 한 설명 (DMMP)에 측정 이온 수익률에 선물이. 파장 변환에 대 한 광학 매개 변수 증폭기 (OPA)의 설립을 통해 기존 펌프-프로브 설정에서이 프로토콜을 구현할 수 있습니다.

분자 DMMP21 에 대 한 결과 표시 됩니다. 그림 3 0 1500 nm 펌프와 8 x 1013 되 고 800 nm 프로브 펄스의 최대 농도와 시간 지연 및 8 x 10에서 각각12 W c m-2를 찍은 DMMP 질량 스펙트럼을 보여준다. 참고로, 펌프 펄스만 찍은 질량 스펙트럼도 표시 됩니다. 스펙트럼은 평균된 10000 이상의 레이저 샷 (총 수집 시간 12 s). 이온 ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization at JoVE.com

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

선물이 초고속 진동 일관성 polyatomic 급진적인 양이온을 분자 분리를 프로 빙에 대 한 프로토콜.

Polyatomic 급진적인 양이온으로 강한 분야 단 열 이온화에 초고속 진동 일관성의 측정

We present a pump-probe method for preparing vibrational coherences in polyatomic radical cations and probing their ultrafast dynamics. By shifting the ...

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6.8K 조회수.  Virginia Commonwealth University. 선물이 초고속 진동 일관성 polyatomic 급진적인 양이온을 분자 분리를 프로 빙에 대 한 프로토콜.

비디오: Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry With Tunable Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Synchrotron Radiation

Tunable soft ionization coupled to mass spectroscopy is a powerful method to investigate isolated molecules, complexes and clusters and their spectroscopy and dynamics1-4. Fundamental studies of photoionization processes of biomolecules provide information about the electronic structure of these systems. Furthermore determinations of ionization energies and other properties of biomolecules in the gas phase are not trivial, and these experiments provide a platform to generate these data. We have developed a thermal vaporization technique coupled with supersonic molecular beams that provides a gentle way to transport these species into the gas phase. Judicious combination of source gas and temperature allows for formation of dimers and higher clusters of the DNA bases. The focus of this particular work is on the effects of non-covalent interactions, i.e., hydrogen bonding, stacking, and electrostatic interactions, on the ionization energies and proton transfer of individual biomolecules, their complexes and upon micro-hydration by water1, 5-9.
We have performed experimental and theoretical characterization of the photoionization dynamics of gas-phase uracil and 1,3-dimethyluracil dimers using molecular beams coupled with synchrotron radiation at the Chemical Dynamics Beamline10 located at the Advanced Light Source and the experimental details are visualized here. This allowed us to observe the proton transfer in 1,3-dimethyluracil dimers, a system with pi stacking geometry and with no hydrogen bonds1. Molecular beams provide a very convenient and efficient way to isolate the sample of interest from environmental perturbations which in return allows accurate comparison with electronic structure calculations11, 12. By tuning the photon energy from the synchrotron, a photoionization efficiency (PIE) curve can be plotted which informs us about the cationic electronic states. These values can then be compared to theoretical models and calculations and in turn, explain in detail the electronic structure and dynamics of the investigated species 1, 3.

Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry With Tunable Vacuum Ultraviolet VUV Synchrotron Radiation

A molecular beam coupled to tunable vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometer at a synchrotron provides a convenient tool to explore the electronic structure of isolated gas phase molecules and clusters. Proton transfer mechanisms in DNA base dimers were elucidated with this technique.

조정할 수있는 진공 자외선 (VUV) 싱크로트론 방사선으로 분자 빔 질량 분광법

Tunable soft ionization coupled to mass spectroscopy is a powerful method to investigate isolated molecules, complexes and clusters and their spectroscopy ...

연구

공학

Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown

In this work, we present time-resolved measurements of atomic and diatomic spectra following laser-induced optical breakdown. A typical LIBS arrangement is used. Here we operate a Nd:YAG laser at a frequency of 10 Hz at the fundamental wavelength of 1,064 nm. The 14 nsec pulses with anenergy of 190 mJ/pulse are focused to a 50 &#181;m spot size to generate a plasma from optical breakdown or laser ablation in air. The microplasma is imaged onto the entrance slit of a 0.6 m spectrometer, and spectra are recorded using an 1,800 grooves/mm grating an intensified linear diode array and optical multichannel analyzer (OMA) or an ICCD. Of interest are Stark-broadened atomic lines of the hydrogen Balmer series to infer electron density. We also elaborate on temperature measurements from diatomic emission spectra of aluminum monoxide (AlO), carbon (C2), cyanogen (CN), and titanium monoxide (TiO).
The experimental procedures include wavelength and sensitivity calibrations. Analysis of the recorded molecular spectra is accomplished by the fitting of data with tabulated line strengths. Furthermore, Monte-Carlo type simulations are performed to estimate the error margins. Time-resolved measurements are essential for the transient plasma commonly encountered in LIBS.

Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown

Time-resolved atomic and diatomic molecular species are measured using LIBS. The spectra are collected at various time delays following the generation of optical breakdown plasma with Nd:YAG laser radiation&#160;and are analyzed to infer electron density and temperature.

측정 및 수소 원자와 이원자 분자 무조건, C 분석<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt;, CN, 및 티오 스펙트럼 뒤에 오는 레이저 광에 의한 고장

In this work, we present time-resolved measurements of atomic and diatomic spectra following laser-induced optical breakdown. A typical LIBS arrangement ...

Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Monitoring the dynamics of protonation and protein backbone conformation changes during the function of a protein is an essential step towards understanding its mechanism. Protonation and conformational changes affect the vibration pattern of amino acid side chains and of the peptide bond, respectively, both of which can be probed by infrared (IR) difference spectroscopy. For proteins whose function can be repetitively and reproducibly triggered by light, it is possible to obtain infrared difference spectra with (sub)microsecond resolution over a broad spectral range using the step-scan Fourier transform infrared technique. With ~102-103 repetitions of the photoreaction, the minimum number to complete a scan at reasonable spectral resolution and bandwidth, the noise level in the absorption difference spectra can be as low as ~10-4, sufficient to follow the kinetics of protonation changes from a single amino acid. Lower noise levels can be accomplished by more data averaging and/or mathematical processing. The amount of protein required for optimal results is between 5-100 &#181;g, depending on the sampling technique used. Regarding additional requirements, the protein needs to be first concentrated in a low ionic strength buffer and then dried to form a film. The protein film is hydrated prior to the experiment, either with little droplets of water or under controlled atmospheric humidity. The attained hydration level (g of water / g of protein) is gauged from an IR absorption spectrum. To showcase the technique, we studied the photocycle of the light-driven proton-pump bacteriorhodopsin in its native purple membrane environment, and of the light-gated ion channel channelrhodopsin-2 solubilized in detergent.

Key steps of protein function, in particular backbone conformational changes and proton transfer reactions, often take place in the microsecond to millisecond time scale. These dynamical processes can be studied by time-resolved step-scan Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, in particular for proteins whose function is triggered by light.

에 의해 감광성​​ 단백질의 양성자 이동과 단백질 입체 구조 역학 시간 분해 적외선 분광학에게 푸리에 변환 단계 - 스캔

Monitoring the dynamics of protonation and protein backbone conformation changes during the function of a protein is an essential step towards ...

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

We present a method for visualizing laser-induced, ultrafast molecular rotational wave packet dynamics. We have developed a new 2-dimensional Coulomb explosion imaging setup in which a hitherto-impractical camera angle is realized. In our imaging technique, diatomic molecules are irradiated with a circularly polarized strong laser pulse. The ejected atomic ions are accelerated perpendicularly to the laser propagation. The ions lying in the laser polarization plane are selected through the use of a mechanical slit and imaged with a high-throughput, 2-dimensional detector installed parallel to the polarization plane. Because a circularly polarized (isotropic) Coulomb exploding pulse is used, the observed angular distribution of the ejected ions directly corresponds to the squared rotational wave function at the time of the pulse irradiation. To create a real-time movie of molecular rotation, the present imaging technique is combined with a femtosecond pump-probe optical setup in which the pump pulses create unidirectionally rotating molecular ensembles. Due to the high image throughput of our detection system, the pump-probe experimental condition can be easily optimized by monitoring a real-time snapshot. As a result, the quality of the observed movie is sufficiently high for visualizing the detailed wave nature of motion. We also note that the present technique can be implemented in existing standard ion imaging setups, offering a new camera angle or viewpoint for the molecular systems without the need for extensive modification.

We present a protocol for creating a real-time movie of a molecular rotational wave packet using a high-resolution Coulomb explosion imaging setup.

레이저 기반 초고속 분자 회전의 직접 이미징

We present a method for visualizing laser-induced, ultrafast molecular rotational wave packet dynamics. We have developed a new 2-dimensional Coulomb ...

화학

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers

This article shows how the COLTRIMS (Cold Target Recoil Ion Momentum Spectroscopy) or the "reaction microscope" technique can be used to distinguish between enantiomers (stereoisomers) of simple chiral species on the level of individual molecules. In this approach, a gaseous molecular jet of the sample expands into a vacuum chamber and intersects with femtosecond (fs) laser pulses. The high intensity of the pulses leads to fast multiple ionization, igniting a so-called Coulomb Explosion that produces several cationic (positively charged) fragments. An electrostatic field guides these cations onto time- and position-sensitive detectors. Similar to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, the arrival time of each ion yields information on its mass. As a surplus, the electrostatic field is adjusted in a way that the emission direction and the kinetic energy after fragmentation lead to variations in the time-of-flight and in the impact position on the detector.
Each ion impact creates an electronic signal in the detector; this signal is treated by high-frequency electronics and recorded event by event by a computer. The registered data correspond to the impact times and positions. With these data, the energy and the emission direction of each fragment can be calculated. These values are related to structural properties of the molecule under investigation, i.e. to the bond lengths and relative positions of the atoms, allowing to determine molecule by molecule the handedness of simple chiral species and other isomeric features.

For small chiral species, Coulomb Explosion Imaging provides a new approach to determine the handedness of individual molecules.

Stereoisomers 사이 구별 하는 도구로 쿨롱 폭발 영상

This article shows how the COLTRIMS (Cold Target Recoil Ion Momentum Spectroscopy) or the "reaction microscope" technique can be used to distinguish ...

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene

The precise details of the interaction of intense X-ray pulses with matter are a topic of intense interest to researchers attempting to interpret the results of femtosecond X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) experiments. An increasing number of experimental observations have shown that although nuclear motion can be negligible, given a short enough incident pulse duration, electronic motion cannot be ignored. The current and widely accepted models assume that although electrons undergo dynamics driven by interaction with the pulse, their motion could largely be considered &#39;random&#39;. This would then allow the supposedly incoherent contribution from the electronic motion to be treated as a continuous background signal and thus ignored. The original aim of our experiment was to precisely measure the change in intensity of individual Bragg peaks, due to X-ray induced electronic damage in a model system, crystalline C60. Contrary to this expectation, we observed that at the highest X-ray intensities, the electron dynamics in C60 were in fact highly correlated, and over sufficiently long distances that the positions of the Bragg reflections are significantly altered. This paper describes in detail the methods and protocols used for these experiments, which were conducted both at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) and the Australian Synchrotron (AS) as well as the crystallographic approaches used to analyse the data.

We describe an experiment designed to probe the electronic damage induced in nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene (C60) by intense, femtosecond pulses of X-rays. The experiment found that, surprisingly, rather than being stochastic, the X-ray induced electron dynamics in C60 are highly correlated, extending over hundreds of unit cells within the crystals1.

펨 회절 실험 Buckminsterfullerene의 나노에 수행 하는 동안 장거리 전자 상관 관계의 측정

The precise details of the interaction of intense X-ray pulses with matter are a topic of intense interest to researchers attempting to interpret the ...

An Experimental Protocol for Femtosecond NIR/UV - XUV Pump-Probe Experiments with Free-Electron Lasers

This protocol describes key steps in performing and analyzing femtosecond pump-probe experiments that combine a femtosecond optical laser with a free-electron laser. This includes methods to establish the spatial and temporal overlap between the optical and free-electron laser pulses during the experiment, as well as important aspects of the data analysis, such as corrections for arrival time jitter, which are necessary to obtain high-quality pump-probe data sets with the best possible temporal resolution. These methods are demonstrated for an exemplary experiment performed at the FLASH (Free-electron LASer Hamburg) free-electron laser in order to study ultrafast photochemistry in gas-phase molecules by means of velocity map ion imaging. However, most of the strategies are also applicable to similar pump-probe experiments using other targets or other experimental techniques.

This protocol describes the key steps for performing and analyzing pump-probe experiments combining a femtosecond optical laser with a free-electron laser in order to study ultrafast photochemical reactions in gas-phase molecules.

실험 프로토콜에 대 한 펨 NIR/UV-자유 전자 레이저와 진공 극 자외선 펌프-프로브 실험

This protocol describes key steps in performing and analyzing femtosecond pump-probe experiments that combine a femtosecond optical laser with a ...

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F&#8722;

Anion photoelectron imaging is a very efficient method for the study of energy states of bound negative ions, neutral species and interactions of unbound electrons with neutral molecules/atoms. State-of-the-art in vacuo anion generation techniques allow application to a broad range of atomic, molecular, and cluster anion systems. These are separated and selected using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Electrons are removed by linearly polarized photons (photo detachment) using table-top laser sources which provide ready access to excitation energies from the infra-red to the near ultraviolet. Detecting the photoelectrons with a velocity mapped imaging lens and position sensitive detector means that, in principle, every photoelectron reaches the detector and the detection efficiency is uniform for all kinetic energies. Photoelectron spectra extracted from the images via mathematical reconstruction using an inverse Abel transformation reveal details of the anion internal energy state distribution and the resultant neutral energy states. At low electron kinetic energy, typical resolution is sufficient to reveal energy level differences on the order of a few millielectron-volts, i.e., different vibrational levels for molecular species or spin-orbit splitting in atoms. Photoelectron angular distributions extracted from the inverse Abel transformation represent the signatures of the bound electron orbital, allowing more detailed probing of electronic structure. The spectra and angular distributions also encode details of the interactions between the outgoing electron and the residual neutral species subsequent to excitation. The technique is illustrated by the application to an atomic anion (F&#8722;), but it can also be applied to the measurement of molecular anion spectroscopy, the study of low lying anion resonances (as an alternative to scattering experiments) and femtosecond (fs) time resolved studies of the dynamic evolution of anions.

Here, we present a protocol for photoelectron imaging of anionic species. Anions generated in vacuo and separated by mass spectrometry are probed using velocity mapped photoelectron imaging, providing details of anion and neutral energy levels, anion and neutral structure and the nature of the anion electronic state.

F− 의 310 Nm 분리에 의해 설명 하는 음이온의 광전자 이미징

Anion photoelectron imaging is a very efficient method for the study of energy states of bound negative ions, neutral species and interactions of unbound ...

Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional &#960;-conjugate Systems

Femtosecond time-resolved stimulated Raman spectroscopy is a promising method of observing the structural dynamics of short-lived transients with near infrared (near-IR) transitions, because it can overcome the low sensitivity of spontaneous Raman spectrometers in the near-IR region. Here, we describe technical details of a femtosecond time-resolved near-IR multiplex stimulated Raman spectrometer that we have recently developed. A description of signal generation and optimization, measurement, data acquisition, and calibration and correction of recorded data is provided as well. We present an application of our spectrometer to analyze the excited-state dynamics of &#946;-carotene in toluene solution. A C=C stretch band of &#946;-carotene in the second lowest excited singlet (S2) state and the lowest excited singlet (S1) state is clearly observed in the recorded time-resolved stimulated Raman spectra. The femtosecond time-resolved near-IR stimulated Raman spectrometer is applicable to the structural dynamics of &#960;-conjugate systems from simple molecules to complex materials.

Details of signal generation and optimization, measurement, data acquisition, and data handling for a femtosecond time-resolved near-IR stimulated Raman spectrometer are described. A near infrared stimulated Raman study on the excited-state dynamics of &#946;-carotene in toluene is shown as a representative application.

기능성 π-컨쥬게이트 시스템의 초고속 시간 해결 근거리 자극 라만 측정

Femtosecond time-resolved stimulated Raman spectroscopy is a promising method of observing the structural dynamics of short-lived transients with near ...

Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid

The accurate molecular simulation prediction of vibrational spectra, and other structural, energetic and spectral characteristics, of photo-active metal-oxide surfaces in contact with light-absorbing dyes is an ongoing thorny and elusive challenge in physical chemistry. With this in mind, a molecular-dynamics (MD) simulation were performed by using optimized empirical potentials for a well-representative and prototypical dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) solvated by a widely-studied room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), in the guise of a [bmim]+[NTf2]- RTIL solvating an N719-sensitizing dye adsorbed onto 101 anatase-titania. In doing so, important insights were gleaned into how using a RTIL as the electrolytic hole acceptor modulates the dynamical and vibrational properties of a N719 dye, estimating the spectra for the DSC photo-active interface via Fourier transformation of mass-weighted velocity autocorrelation functions from MD. The acquired vibrational spectra were compared with the experiment spectra and those sampled from ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD); in particular, various empirical-potential spectra generated from MD provide insight into how partial-charge charge parameterization of the ionic liquid affects vibrational spectra prediction. In any event, careful fitting of empirical force-field models has been shown to be an effective tool in handling DSC vibrational properties, when validated by AIMD and an experiment.

A dye-sensitized solar cell was solvated by RTILs; using optimized empirical potentials, a molecular dynamics simulation was applied to compute vibrational properties. The obtained vibrational spectra were compared with experiment and ab initio molecular dynamics; various empirical potential spectra show how partial-charge charge parameterization of the ionic liquid affects vibrational spectra prediction.

Polyatomic 급진적인 양이온으로 강한 분야 단 열 이온화에 초고속 진동 일관성의 측정

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

이 비디오의 챕터

조정할 수있는 진공 자외선 (VUV) 싱크로트론 방사선으로 분자 빔 질량 분광법

측정 및 수소 원자와 이원자 분자 무조건, C 분석

에 의해 감광성 단백질의 양성자 이동과 단백질 입체 구조 역학 시간 분해 적외선 분광학에게 푸리에 변환 단계 - 스캔

레이저 기반 초고속 분자 회전의 직접 이미징

Stereoisomers 사이 구별 하는 도구로 쿨롱 폭발 영상

펨 회절 실험 Buckminsterfullerene의 나노에 수행 하는 동안 장거리 전자 상관 관계의 측정

실험 프로토콜에 대 한 펨 NIR/UV-자유 전자 레이저와 진공 극 자외선 펌프-프로브 실험

F⁻ 의 310 Nm 분리에 의해 설명 하는 음이온의 광전자 이미징

기능성 π-컨쥬게이트 시스템의 초고속 시간 해결 근거리 자극 라만 측정

실온 이온 액체에 의해 용해된 경험적 전위 분자 역학 시뮬레이션의 N719-크로모포어/티타니아 인터페이스의 진동 스펙트럼

Polyatomic 급진적인 양이온으로 강한 분야 단 열 이온화에 초고속 진동 일관성의 측정

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

이 비디오의 챕터

조정할 수있는 진공 자외선 (VUV) 싱크로트론 방사선으로 분자 빔 질량 분광법

측정 및 수소 원자와 이원자 분자 무조건, C 분석

에 의해 감광성​​ 단백질의 양성자 이동과 단백질 입체 구조 역학 시간 분해 적외선 분광학에게 푸리에 변환 단계 - 스캔

레이저 기반 초고속 분자 회전의 직접 이미징

Stereoisomers 사이 구별 하는 도구로 쿨롱 폭발 영상

펨 회절 실험 Buckminsterfullerene의 나노에 수행 하는 동안 장거리 전자 상관 관계의 측정

실험 프로토콜에 대 한 펨 NIR/UV-자유 전자 레이저와 진공 극 자외선 펌프-프로브 실험

F− 의 310 Nm 분리에 의해 설명 하는 음이온의 광전자 이미징

기능성 π-컨쥬게이트 시스템의 초고속 시간 해결 근거리 자극 라만 측정

실온 이온 액체에 의해 용해된 경험적 전위 분자 역학 시뮬레이션의 N719-크로모포어/티타니아 인터페이스의 진동 스펙트럼

에 의해 감광성 단백질의 양성자 이동과 단백질 입체 구조 역학 시간 분해 적외선 분광학에게 푸리에 변환 단계 - 스캔

F⁻ 의 310 Nm 분리에 의해 설명 하는 음이온의 광전자 이미징