이 연구는 건강의 국가 학회 (K99MH104595)와 T.J.P. NICHD 교내 연구 프로그램에 의해 지원 되었다 우리는 그 실험실에서이 방법은 원래 설립 Gord Fishell 감사 합니다.

<ol>
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저자는 공개 없다.

이 프로토콜의 하나의 중요 한 측면은 세포의 생존을 극대화 이다. 조직과 세포는 항상 얼음 감기 carboxygenated sACSF에서 보장 하는 것은 세포 생존을 촉진 하는 데 필요한입니다. 이 효율적인 해 부와 셀 다양 한 솔루션 및 두뇌 환경 외부 지출 시간의 길이 최소화 하기 위해 분리 전략을 필요 합니다. 뇌 영역 해 부 되 고 이식의 수에 따라 실험의 길이 감소 해 부 또는 이식 단계에서 원조 하는 파트?...

적절 한 대뇌 피 질의 기능 필요 흥분 성의 프로젝션 뉴런을 억제 GABAergic 수, 명료한 형태학, electrophysiological 속성, 연결 된 매우 이질적인 인구 사이 균형 및 neurochemical 마커입니다. 비정상적인 개발 및 기능 수 (및 특정 interneuron 하위 그룹)의 정신 분열 증, 자폐증, 간 질1,2,3등 정신 장애의 pathobiology에 연결 되었습니다. 또한, 이러한 뇌 장애에 연루 된 많은 유전자는 젊은 수4농축 강력 하 게. 따라서, interneuron 운명 결정 및 성숙 조절 메커니즘의 이해는 정상적인 개발 및 수많은 뇌 질환의 잠재적인 etiologies 이해 필요 합니다.
개 수는 주로 두 가지 과도 배아 구조, 중간 그리고 꼬리 절 정령에서 태어난 (MGE 및 CGE, 각각). 이러한 postmitotic 세포 (interneuron 선구자)는 telencephalon 걸쳐 분산 그들은 다양 한 회로 통합할 수와 접선 마이그레이션 단계를 받 다. MGE 파생 수 세 크게 겹치지, neurochemically 정의 된 하위 그룹의 구성: 빠른 parvalbumin (PV+) 수, 비-빠른 somatostatin (SST+) 수 급상승 급상승 하 고 늦게 신경 급상승 질소 산화물 synthase (nNOS+) 수 hippocampal 아이비와 neurogliaform 세포를 구성 하는. 수많은 연구소 PV+ 또는 SST + 수, morphogens, interneuron 일어나, 생년월일 및 neurogenic 사단의 모드의 공간 그라디언트를 포함 하 여 초기 운명 결정을 통제는 MGE 내의 여러 메커니즘을 확인 했습니다. 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10. 수 처음 '추기경 클래스'로 차별화 하 고 다음 점차적으로 성숙 '최종 클래스' 그들은 그들의 환경11상호 작용으로 제안 되었습니다. 최근의 증거는 나타냅니다 일부 성숙한 interneuron 하위 유전자 내장 돼 이러한 세포가 절 정령에 postmitotic로 나타내는 초기 정의 본질적인 유전 프로그램 이전 보다 더 큰 역할을 할 수 있습니다. 평가12,13. 그러나, 본질적인 유전 프로그램 별개 interneuron 하위 유형으로 차별화 실현 환경 신호 상호 작용 하는 방법의 핵심 문제 크게 미개척 남아 있습니다.
수많은 연구는 다양 한 뇌 영역, 성숙 세포를 융합 하 고 일반적으로 지역 내 생 회로14,15, 억제 하는 GABA를 해제 합의 결과에 직접 배아 MGE 셀을 이식 16,17,,1819. 이러한 관측을 약속 인간 유도 만능 줄기 세포 (hIPSC)를 사용 하 여에 상당한 관심을 생성-다양 한 뇌 질환을 치료 하는 수를 파생. 그러나, 하나의 중요 한 구성 요소 변환 방법 들에 대해 생각 한다 이러한 연구의 거의 평가이 이식할된 세포 성숙 수의 예상된 유형으로 성숙 하는 경우.
해결 하기 위해 어떻게 환경 영향 interneuron 분화 및 성숙, 전략 이식할된 수는 호스트의 기능 채택 여부를 시험 하기 위하여 새로운 뇌 환경에 미 숙 interneuron 선구자를 이식 하 고안 되었다 환경 또는 기증자 환경20에서 기능을 유지. MGE 이식은 MGE interneuron 및 수많은 두뇌 지역21에 걸쳐 분산 GABAergic 프로젝션 셀의 혼합된 인구를 포함 하기 때문에이 문제를 해결 하기 위해 적합 하지 않습니다. 이러한 MGE 셀 마이그레이션한 것 모르고 하나 평가할 수 있습니다 없습니다 완전히 어떻게 이러한 이식 두뇌 환경에 의해 영향을 받습니다. 이른 출생 후 timepoints에서 interneuron 선구자, 수확 하 여이 문제는 미 숙 셀의 마이그레이션을 완료 하 고 그들의 목표에 도달 하 여 피할 지역 뇌 하지만 최소한의 상호 작용 환경. 다른 두뇌 지구 사이 표현 차동 수의 특정 기능에 집중 함으로써, 하나는 다음 호스트 환경 interneuron 속성을 변경 하는 방법을 결정할 수 있습니다. 이 프로토콜에서 설명 하는 일반적인 접근 모든 조사에 적용 해야 새로운 환경에 도전 젊은 신경 세포를 검사 하 고 싶어 때 행동.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Sodium chloride</td><td>Sigma</td><td>S7653</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td>Sigma</td><td>S6297</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potassium chloride</td><td>Sigma</td><td>P9541</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium phosphate monobasic</td><td>Sigma</td><td>S0751</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Calcium chloride</td><td>Sigma</td><td>C5080</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Magnesium chloride</td><td>Sigma</td><td>M2670</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glucose</td><td>Sigma</td><td>G7528</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sucrose</td><td>Sigma</td><td>S7903</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Brain Matrices</td><td>Roboz</td><td>SA-2165</td><td>Only needed if harvesting striatum</td></tr><tr><td>Fine point Dumont Forceps</td><td>Roboz</td><td>RS-4978</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microdissecting scissors</td><td>Roboz</td><td>RS-5940</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Razor blades</td><td>ThermoFisher</td><td>12-640</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pasteur pipettes</td><td>ThermoFisher</td><td>1367820C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nanoject III</td><td>Drummond</td><td>3-000-207</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Manual Manipulator w/ stand</td><td>World Precision Instruments&amp;nbsp;</td><td>M3301R/M10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5 ml round bottom plastic tubes</td><td>ThermoFisher</td><td>149591A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>60 mm Petri dishes</td><td>ThermoFisher</td><td>12556001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>100 mm Petri dishes</td><td>ThermoFisher</td><td>12565100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pronase</td><td>Sigma</td><td>10165921001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)</td><td>ThermoFisher</td><td>16140063</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DNase I</td><td>Sigma</td><td>4716728001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Celltrics 50um filters</td><td>Sysmex</td><td>04-0042327</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Trypan blue</td><td>ThermoFisher</td><td>15-250-061</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hemocytometer</td><td>ThermoFisher</td><td>02-671-6</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

homochronic transplantation of interneuron precursors into early postnatal mouse brains

신경 운명 결정과 성숙 유전 프로그램 및 환경 신호 사이 복잡 한 상호 작용을 요구 한다. 그러나,이 분화 과정을 조절 하는 외부 메커니즘 대 내장의 역할 disentangling 모든 발달 neurobiologists에 대 한 수수께끼 이다. 이 문제는 GABAergic 수, 과도 미 발달 구조에서 태어나 고는 telencephalon 걸쳐 분산 수와 철새 단계를 받아야 하는 매우 다른 유형의 세포 인구에 대 한 확대 됩니다. 어떻게 다른 두뇌 환경 영향 interneuron 운명과 성숙 탐험, 우리 붙일 레이블된 미숙한 interneuron 선구자 신생아 쥐 (P0-P2)에 있는 특정 한 두뇌 지역에서 수확에 대 한 프로토콜을 개발 했다. 이 나이에, interneuron 마이그레이션이 거의 완료 되 고이 세포는 상대적으로 작은 시 냅 스 통합 된 그들의 마지막 휴식 환경에 거주 하는. Cytometry 통해 단일 셀 솔루션의 컬렉션, 다음 이러한 interneuron 선구자 P0-P2 wildtype 출생 후 새끼로 이식 됩니다. 두 homotopic 수행 하 여 (예를 들어, 피 질-피 질) 또는 heterotopic (예, 피 질-해 마) 이식, 수 평가 새 뇌 환경에 미 숙 수 도전 미치는 그들의 운명, 성숙, 그리고 회로 통합. 두뇌는 성인 쥐에 수확 될 수 있으며 immunohistochemical를 포함 하 여 이식할된 셀에 posthoc 분석의 광범위 한 분석 electrophysiological 및 transcriptional 프로 파일링. 이 일반적인 접근 방식을 제공 합니다 어떻게 가지 두뇌 환경 분석 결과를 전략 수 있습니다 신경 개발의 많은 측면에 영향을 미칠 수 사와 특정 신경 특성은 주로 내장 돼 유전자 프로그램에 의해 구동 확인 또는 환경 단서입니다.

이 프로토콜 이른 출생 후 뇌 (그림 1-2)에서 특정 뇌 영역을 수확, interneuron 선구자의 단일 셀 dissociations 수집 순진한 WT에 다양 한 뇌 영역으로이 세포를 이식 하는 방법을 보여 줍니다. 산 후 새끼 들 (그림 3) Posthoc 분석, interneuron 전조 이식 받은 두뇌 세포 형태학, neurochemical 마커 및 electrophysiological 속성 특성 P30-35 ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Homochronic Transplantation of Interneuron Precursors into Early Postnatal Mouse Brains at JoVE.com

Homochronic Transplantation of Interneuron Precursors into Early Postnatal Mouse Brains

새로운 두뇌 지구에서 젊은 신경 도전 어떻게 환경 sculpts 신경 운명과 성숙에 중요 한 통찰력을 밝힐 수 있다. 이 프로토콜 interneuron 선구자 특정 두뇌 지역에서 수확 하 고 그들에 게 어느 homotopically를 이식 하는 절차에 설명 합니다 또는 출생 후 새끼의 뇌에 heterotopically.

이른 출생 후 마우스 두뇌로 Interneuron 선구자의 Homochronic 이식

Neuronal fate determination and maturation requires an intricate interplay between genetic programs and environmental signals. However, disentangling the ...

homochronic-transplantation-interneuron-precursors-into-early

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

7.8K 조회수.  Norwegian University of Science and Technology. 새로운 두뇌 지구에서 젊은 신경 도전 어떻게 환경 sculpts 신경 운명과 성숙에 중요 한 통찰력을 밝힐 수 있다. 이 프로토콜 interneuron 선구자 특정 두뇌 지역에서 수확 하 고 그들에 게 어느 homotopically를 이식 하는 절차에 설명 합니다 또는 출생 후 새끼의 뇌에 heterotopically.

비디오: Homochronic Transplantation of Interneuron Precursors into Early Postnatal Mouse Brains

Intraventricular Transplantation of Engineered Neuronal Precursors for In Vivo Neuroarchitecture Studies

Gene control of neuronal cytoarchitecture is currently the subject of intensive investigation. Described here is a simple method developed to study in vivo gene control of neocortical projection neuron morphology. This method is based on (1) in vitro lentiviral engineering of neuronal precursors as "test" and "control" cells, (2) their co-transplantation into wild-type brains, and (3) paired morphometric evaluation of their neuronal derivatives. Specifically, E12.5 pallial precursors from panneuronal, genetically labeled donors, are employed for this purpose. They are engineered to take advantage of selected promoters and tetON/OFF technology, and they are free-hand transplanted into neonatal lateral ventricles. Later, upon immunofluorescence profiling of recipient brains, silhouettes of transplanted neurons are fed into NeurphologyJ open source software, their morphometric parameters are extracted, and average length and branching index are calculated. Compared to other methods, this one offers three main advantages: it permits achieving of fine control of transgene expression at affordable costs, it only requires basic surgical skills, and it provides statistically reliable results upon analysis of a limited number of animals. Because of its design, however, it is not adequate to address non cell-autonomous control of neuroarchitecture. Moreover, it should be preferably used to investigate neurite morphology control after completion of neuronal migration. In its present formulation, this method is exquisitely tuned to investigate gene control of glutamatergic neocortical neuron architecture. Taking advantage of transgenic lines expressing EGFP in other specific neural cell types, it can be re-purposed to address gene control of their architecture.

Based on in vitro lentiviral engineering of neuronal precursors, their co-transplantation into wild-type brains and paired morphometric evaluation of "test" and "control" derivatives, this method allows accurate modeling of in vivo gene control of neocortical neuron morphology in a simple and affordable way.

생체 내 신경 아키텍처 연구를 위한 엔지니어링된 신경 전구체의 내 측 통 이식

Gene control of neuronal cytoarchitecture is currently the subject of intensive investigation. Described here is a simple method developed to study in ...

연구

유전학

Neonatal Subventricular Zone Electroporation

Neural stem cells (NSCs) line the postnatal lateral ventricles and give rise to multiple cell types which include neurons, astrocytes, and ependymal cells1. Understanding the molecular pathways responsible for NSC self-renewal, commitment, and differentiation is critical for harnessing their unique potential to repair the brain and better understand central nervous system disorders. Previous methods for the manipulation of mammalian systems required the time consuming and expensive endeavor of genetic engineering at the whole animal level2. Thus, the vast majority of studies have explored the functions of NSC molecules in vitro or in invertebrates.
Here, we demonstrate the simple and rapid technique to manipulate neonatal NPCs that is referred to as neonatal subventricular zone (SVZ) electroporation. Similar techniques were developed a decade ago to study embryonic NSCs and have aided studies on cortical development3,4 . More recently this was applied to study the postnatal rodent forebrain5-7. This technique results in robust labeling of SVZ NSCs and their progeny. Thus, postnatal SVZ electroporation provides a cost and time effective alternative for mammalian NSC genetic engineering.

We demonstrate a minimally invasive technique referred to as neonatal subventricular zone electroporation. The technique consists of injecting plasmid DNA into the lateral ventricles of neonatal pups and applying electrical current to deliver and genetically manipulate neural stem cells

신생아 Subventricular 지대 Electroporation

Neural stem cells (NSCs) line the postnatal lateral ventricles and give rise to multiple cell types which include neurons, astrocytes, and ependymal ...

신경과학

Live Imaging of Mitosis in the Developing Mouse Embryonic Cortex

Although of short duration, mitosis is a complex and dynamic multi-step process fundamental for development of organs including the brain. In the developing cerebral cortex, abnormal mitosis of neural progenitors can cause defects in brain size and function. Hence, there is a critical need for tools to understand the mechanisms of neural progenitor mitosis. Cortical development in rodents is an outstanding model for studying this process. Neural progenitor mitosis is commonly examined in fixed brain sections. This protocol will describe in detail an approach for live imaging of mitosis in ex vivo embryonic brain slices. We will describe the critical steps for this procedure, which include: brain extraction, brain embedding, vibratome sectioning of brain slices, staining and culturing of slices, and time-lapse imaging. We will then demonstrate and describe in detail how to perform post-acquisition analysis of mitosis. We include representative results from this assay using the vital dye Syto11, transgenic mice (histone H2B-EGFP and centrin-EGFP), and in utero electroporation (mCherry-&#945;-tubulin). We will discuss how this procedure can be best optimized and how it can be modified for study of genetic regulation of mitosis. Live imaging of mitosis in brain slices is a flexible approach to assess the impact of age, anatomy, and genetic perturbation in a controlled environment, and to generate a large amount of data with high temporal and spatial resolution. Hence this protocol will complement existing tools for analysis of neural progenitor mitosis.

Neural progenitor mitosis is a critical parameter of neurogenesis. Much of our understanding of neural progenitor mitosis is based on analysis of fixed tissue. Live imaging in embryonic brain slices is a versatile technique to assess mitosis with high temporal and spatial resolution in a controlled environment.

개발 마우스 배아의 피질 유사 분열의 라이브 영상

Although of short duration, mitosis is a complex and dynamic multi-step process fundamental for development of organs including the brain. In the ...

Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells into Cortical Interneuron Precursors

GABAergic cortical interneurons are a heterogeneous population of cells that play critical roles in regulating the output of excitatory pyramidal neurons as well as synchronizing the outputs of pyramidal neuron ensembles. Deficits in interneuron function have been implicated in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, autism, and epilepsy. The derivation of cortical interneurons from embryonic stem cells not only allows for the study of their development and function, but provides insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of cortical interneuron-related disorders. Interneurons also have the remarkable capacity to survive, migrate, and integrate into host cortical circuitry post-transplantation, making them ideal candidates for use in cell-based therapies. Here, we present a scalable, highly efficient, modified embryoid body-to-monolayer method for the derivation of Nkx2.1-expressing interneuron progenitors and their progeny from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Using a Nkx2.1::mCherry:Lhx6::GFP dual reporter mESC line, Nkx2.1 progenitors or their Lhx6-expressing post-mitotic progeny can be isolated via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and subsequently used in a number of downstream applications. We also provide methods to enrich for parvalbumin (PV) or somatostatin (SST) interneuron subgroups, which may be helpful for studying aspects of fate determination or for use in therapeutic applications that would benefit from interneuron subgroup-enriched transplantations.

This protocol describes a method for generating cortical interneuron progenitors and post-mitotic interneuron precursors from mouse embryonic stem cells using a modified embryoid body-to-monolayer method. These progenitors/precursors can be used in vitro or fluorescently sorted and transplanted into neonatal neocortex for studying fate determination, or used in therapeutic applications.

대뇌 피 질의 Interneuron 선구자로 마우스 배아 줄기 세포의 분화

GABAergic cortical interneurons are a heterogeneous population of cells that play critical roles in regulating the output of excitatory pyramidal neurons ...

The Mouse Hindbrain As a Model for Studying Embryonic Neurogenesis

The mouse embryo forebrain is the most commonly employed system for studying mammalian neurogenesis during development. However, the highly folded forebrain neuroepithelium is not amenable to wholemount analysis to examine organ-wide neurogenesis patterns. Moreover, defining the mechanisms of forebrain neurogenesis is not necessarily predictive of neurogenesis in other parts of the brain; for example, due to the presence of forebrain-specific progenitor subtypes. The mouse hindbrain provides an alternative model for studying embryonic neurogenesis that is amenable to wholemount analysis, as well as tissue sections to observe the spatiotemporal distribution and behavior of neural progenitors. Moreover, it is easily dissected for other downstream applications, such as cell isolation or molecular biology analysis. As the mouse hindbrain can be readily analyzed in the vast number of cell lineage reporter and mutant mouse strains that have become available, it offers a powerful model for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of developmental neurogenesis in a mammalian organism. Here, we present a simple and quick method to use the mouse embryo hindbrain for analyzing mammalian neural progenitor cell (NPC) behavior in wholemount preparations and tissue sections.

This article demonstrates how the mouse embryonic hindbrain can be used as a model for studying developmental neurogenesis in both whole organ and tissue section preparations.

마우스 Hindbrain 배아 신생 공부에 대 한 모델

The mouse embryo forebrain is the most commonly employed system for studying mammalian neurogenesis during development. However, the highly folded ...

Transplantation of Chemogenetically Engineered Cortical Interneuron Progenitors into Early Postnatal Mouse Brains

Neuronal development is regulated by a complex combination of environmental and genetic factors. Assessing the relative contribution of each component is a complicated task, which is particularly difficult in regards to the development of &#947;-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic cortical interneurons (CIs). CIs are the main inhibitory neurons in the cerebral cortex, and they play key roles in neuronal networks, by regulating both the activity of individual pyramidal neurons, as well as the oscillatory behavior of neuronal ensembles. They are generated in transient embryonic structures (medial and caudal ganglionic eminences -&#160;MGE and CGE) that are very difficult to efficiently target using in utero electroporation approaches. Interneuron progenitors migrate long distances during normal embryonic development, before they integrate in the cortical circuit. This remarkable ability to disperse and integrate into a developing network can be hijacked by transplanting embryonic interneuron precursors into early post-natal host cortices. Here, we present a protocol that allows genetic modification of embryonic interneuron progenitors using focal ex vivo electroporation. These engineered interneuron precursors are then transplanted into early post-natal host cortices, where they will mature into easily identifiable CIs. This protocol allows the use of multiple genetically encoded tools, or the ability to regulate the expression of specific genes in interneuron progenitors, in order to investigate the impact of either genetic or environmental variables on the maturation and integration of CIs.

Here we present a protocol, designed to use chemogenetic tools to manipulate the activity of cortical interneuron progenitors transplanted into the cortex of early postnatal mice.

화학유전학적으로 조작된 피질 인터뉴런 선조를 출생 후 마우스 뇌로 이식

Neuronal development is regulated by a complex combination of environmental and genetic factors. Assessing the relative contribution of each component is ...

Intracerebral Transplantation and In Vivo Bioluminescence Tracking of Human Neural Progenitor Cells in the Mouse Brain

Cell therapy has long been an emerging treatment paradigm in experimental neurobiology. However, cell transplantation studies often rely on end-point measurements and can therefore only evaluate longitudinal changes of cell migration and survival to a limited extent. This paper provides a reliable, minimally invasive protocol to transplant and longitudinally track neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the adult mouse brain. Before transplantation, cells are transduced with a lentiviral vector comprising a bioluminescent (firefly-luciferase) and fluorescent (green fluorescent protein [GFP]) reporter. The NPCs are transplanted into the right cortical hemisphere using stereotaxic injections in the sensorimotor cortex. Following transplantation, grafted cells were detected through the intact skull for up to five weeks (at days 0, 3, 14, 21, 35) with a resolution limit of 6,000 cells using in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Subsequently, the transplanted cells are identified in histological brain sections and further characterized with immunofluorescence. Thus, this protocol provides a valuable tool to transplant, track, quantify, and characterize cells in the mouse brain.

Intracerebral Transplantation and In Vivo Bioluminescence Tracking of Human Neural Progenitor Cells in the Mouse Brain

We describe the intraparenchymal transplantation of human neural progenitor cells transduced with a dual reporter vector expressing luciferase-green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the mouse brain. After transplantation, the luciferase signal is repeatedly measured using in vivo bioluminescence and GFP-expressing grafted cells identified in brain sections using fluorescence microscopy.

Intracerebral 이식 및 마우스 뇌에서 인간 신경 전구 세포의 생체 내 생체 발광 추적

Cell therapy has long been an emerging treatment paradigm in experimental neurobiology. However, cell transplantation studies often rely on end-point ...

Transplantation of Human Stem Cell-Derived GABAergic Neurons into the Early Postnatal Mouse Hippocampus to Mitigate Neurodevelopmental Disorders

A reduced number or dysfunction of inhibitory interneurons is a common contributor to neurodevelopmental disorders. Therefore, cell therapy using interneurons to replace or mitigate the effects of altered neuronal circuits is an attractive therapeutic avenue. To this end, more knowledge is needed about how human stem cell-derived GABAergic interneuron-like cells (hdINs) mature, integrate, and function over time in the host circuitry. Of particular importance in neurodevelopmental disorders is a better understanding of whether these processes in transplanted cells are affected by an evolving and maturing host brain. The present protocol describes a fast and highly efficient generation of hdINs from human embryonic stem cells based on the transgenic expression of the transcription factors Ascl1 and Dlx2. These neuronal precursors are transplanted unilaterally, after 7 days in vitro, to the hippocampus of neonatal 2-day-old mice. The transplanted neurons disperse in the ipsi- and contralateral hippocampus of a mouse model of cortical dysplasia-focal epilepsy syndrome and survive for up to 9 months after transplantation. This approach allows for investigating the cellular identity, integration, functionality, and therapeutic potential of transplanted interneurons over an extended time in developing healthy and diseased brains.

Transplantation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived GABAergic neurons generated by neuronal programming could be a potential treatment approach for neurodevelopmental disorders. This protocol describes the generation and transplantation of human stem cell-derived GABAergic neuronal precursors into the brains of neonatal mice, allowing long-term investigation of grafted neurons and evaluation of their therapeutic potential.

신경 발달 장애를 완화하기 위해 인간 줄기 세포 유래 GABA 성 뉴런을 출생 후 초기 마우스 해마에 이식

A reduced number or dysfunction of inhibitory interneurons is a common contributor to neurodevelopmental disorders. Therefore, cell therapy using ...

Visualizing Neuronal and Glial Cell Dynamics in the Developing Mouse Brain

Time-Lapse Imaging of Migrating Neurons and Glial Progenitors in Embryonic Mouse Brain Slices

During the development of the cerebral cortex, neurons and glial cells originate in the ventricular zone lining the ventricle and migrate toward the brain surface. This process is crucial for proper brain function, and its dysregulation can result in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders after birth. In fact, many genes responsible for these diseases have been found to be involved in this process, and therefore, revealing how these mutations affect cellular dynamics is important for understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases. This protocol introduces a technique for time-lapse imaging of migrating neurons and glial progenitors in brain slices obtained from mouse embryos. Cells are labeled with fluorescent proteins using in utero electroporation, which visualizes individual cells migrating from the ventricular zone with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, this in vivo gene transfer system enables us to easily perform gain-of-function or loss-of-function experiments on the given genes by co-electroporation of their expression or knockdown/knockout vectors. Using this protocol, the migratory behavior and migration speed of individual cells, information that is never obtained from fixed brains, can be analyzed.

저자 스포트라이트: Exploring Cell Migration and Gene Roles in the Developing Brain

During the development of the cerebral cortex, neurons and glial cells originate in the ventricular zone lining the ventricle and migrate toward the brain surface. Many genes are involved in this process. This protocol introduces the technique for the time-lapse imaging of migrating neurons and glial progenitors.

배아 마우스 뇌 절편에서 이동하는 뉴런 및 신경교세포 전구세포의 타임랩스 이미징

During the development of the cerebral cortex, neurons and glial cells originate in the ventricular zone lining the ventricle and migrate toward the brain ...

이른 출생 후 마우스 두뇌로 Interneuron 선구자의 Homochronic 이식

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

이 비디오의 챕터

생체 내 신경 아키텍처 연구를 위한 엔지니어링된 신경 전구체의 내 측 통 이식

신생아 Subventricular 지대 Electroporation

개발 마우스 배아의 피질 유사 분열의 라이브 영상

대뇌 피 질의 Interneuron 선구자로 마우스 배아 줄기 세포의 분화

마우스 Hindbrain 배아 신생 공부에 대 한 모델

화학유전학적으로 조작된 피질 인터뉴런 선조를 출생 후 마우스 뇌로 이식

Intracerebral 이식 및 마우스 뇌에서 인간 신경 전구 세포의 생체 내 생체 발광 추적

신경 발달 장애를 완화하기 위해 인간 줄기 세포 유래 GABA 성 뉴런을 출생 후 초기 마우스 해마에 이식

배아 마우스 뇌 절편에서 이동하는 뉴런 및 신경교세포 전구세포의 타임랩스 이미징

배아 마우스 뇌 절편에서 이동하는 뉴런 및 신경교세포 전구세포의 타임랩스 이미징