우리는 병원과 환자 들의 의료 및 보조 직원 참여 동의 감사. 우리는 가브리엘 화이트 울프,이 보고서의 초안을 편집 하기 위해 Edanz 그룹 (www.edanzediting.com/ac)에서 박사 학위를 감사 합니다. 이 연구는 야마나시 현 (Y.H. 고 지)에서 게놈 연구 프로젝트와 부여에서는 야스다 의료 재단 (Y.H.)는 특정에 의해 지원 되었다.

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저자는 공개 없다.

이 연구에서 우리는 콩을 사용 하 여 임상 병리학 표본에서 종양 DNA를 얻기 위해 다른 방법을 제시. TIC 준비는 매우 간단 하 고 특별 한 악기10에 대 한 요구 사항 없이 FFPE 방법에 비해 더 적은 시간이 필요. (그림 1) 2 이내 TIC 준비에서 DNA 추출에 모든 절차를 완료할 수 있습니다. 이 메서드는 따라서 유전자 검사를 수행 하기 위한 처리 시간이 줄어듭니다. 특...

차세대 시퀀싱 기술 제공 하고있다 연구팀은 유전자 변형, Mendelian 질병, 유전 경향, 및 암 1,2,3 게놈 정보 분석에 중요 한 발전 . 암 게놈 아틀라스 (TCGA) 및 국제 암 게놈 컨소시엄 (ICGC) 유전 변경 일반적인 암4의 여러 종류의 식별을 추구 했습니다. 수백 개의 필수 암 드라이버 유전자 성공적으로 확인 되었습니다, 그리고 이러한 분자의 일부 약물 개발1,,56타겟이 되고있다.
임상 설정에서 FFPE 표본 병 적인 진단과 분자 암 등 각종 질병에 대 한 테스트를 위해 일반적으로 사용 됩니다. 그러나, 포 르 말린으로 고정 과정 DNA-단백질 또는 DNA-DNA cross-linking과 DNA 파편을 유도. 따라서, FFPE DNA 샘플 적합 하지 않습니다 항상 유전자 분석에 대 한 낮은 질 및 양의 DNA7,,89. 또한, 고 기술 섹션을 정확 하 게 준비 해야 하는 FFPE 표본 준비를 몇 일 걸립니다. 따라서, 그것은 높은-품질 그대로 DNA를 얻기 위한 간단 하 고 빠른 방법을 개발 하는 것이 좋습니다.
세포학 병 적인 진단 위한 대체 방법입니다. Cytological 샘플 준비는 간단 하 게, 덜 FFPE 준비10에 비해 비싸고 더 빠른 접근 이다. TIC 기술 센 티 넬 림프절과 몇 년11,12자가 빠른 진단을 위해 유방암 환자에서 한계 조직에 수행 되었습니다. 그러나, TIC 표본에서 높은-품질 게놈 DNA를 추출할 수 있습니다 여부를 조사 하 고 후속 유전자 분석에 사용 되는 몇 가지 보고 있다. Cytological 표본은 일반적으로 물 들일 Papanicolaou (Pap) 또는 Giemsa 얼룩, 그리고 우리 이전 TIC 표본 (특히 Giemsa 얼룩이 샘플)에서 추출한 DNA의 품질과 양을 FFPE에서 얻은 샘플을 우수 하다는 것을 보고 조직13. Pap 얼룩과 비교, Giemsa 얼룩 장점이 덜 착 절차 요구에 있습니다. Pap 얼룩에 샘플 수정 되 고 스테인드, 후 그들은 해야 합니다 탑재할 종양 세포, 정상 세포를 현미경으로 염증 세포 등 샘플 내용을 구별을 위한 매체 (예, Malinol)를 장착. Pap 견본 설치 단계 없이, 준비 하는 경우 거의 불가능 한 표본은 건조 하기 때문에 현미경으로 세포를 관찰 하는 것 아니다. 비교에서는, Giemsa 얼룩 말린된 상태에서 관찰 될 수 있다, 그러므로, 설치 단계 빠른 세포 평가 위해 필요 하지 않습니다. 서, 대 한 Giemsa 얼룩은 더 적당 한 건조 표본 필요 하기 때문 에입니다.
이 보고서에서 우리 TIC 표본을 Giemsa 얼룩과 준비에 대 한 간단 하 고 빠른 방법을 소개 하 고 TIC가 더 나은 FFPE 표본에 비해 DNA에 대 한 설명.

<table><tbody><tr><td>FINE FROST white20 micro slide glass</td><td>Matsunami Glass ind, Ltd</td><td>SFF-011</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Arcturus PEN Membrane Glass Slides</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>LCM0522</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cyto Quick A solution</td><td>Muto Pure Chemicals</td><td>20571</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cyto Quick B solution</td><td>Muto Pure Chemicals</td><td>20581</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>May-Grunwald Solution</td><td>Muto Pure Chemicals</td><td>15053</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Giemsa solution</td><td>Muto Pure Chemicals</td><td>15002</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>QIAamp DNA FFPE tissue kit</td><td>Qiagen</td><td>56404</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TaqMan Fast Advanced Master Mix</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>4444557</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TaqMan RNase P Detection Reagents Kit</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>4316831</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TaqMan Assay from FFPE DNA QC Assay v2</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>4324034</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MicroAmp Fast Optical 96-Well Reaction Plate&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>4346907</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MicroAmp optical Adhesive Film</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>4311971</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MicroMixer E36</td><td>TITEC</td><td>0027765-000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ViiA 7 Real-Time PCR System</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>VIIA7-03</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Himac CF16RXII</td><td>Hitachi-koki</td><td>CF16RII</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ion Library TaqMan Quantitation Kit</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>4468802</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>4475346</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ion AmpliSeq Library Kit 2.0</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>4480442</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ion Xpress Barcode Adapters 1-16 Kit</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>4471250</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ion PGM Hi-Q View Sequencing Kit (200 base)</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>A30044</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ion Chef System</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>4484177</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Veriti 96-well Thermal Cycler</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>Veriti200</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ion 318 Chip Kit v2 BC</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>4488150</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ion PGM System</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>PGM11-001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ion PGM Wash 2 Bottle kit</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>A25591</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Agencourt&amp;trade; AMPure&amp;trade; XP Kit</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>A63881</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>16-position Magnetic Stand</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>4457858</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nonstick, RNase-free Microfuge Tubes, 1.5 mL (Low binding tube)</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>AM12450</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nuclease-free water</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>AM9938</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MicroAmp&amp;trade; Optical 96-well Reaction Plates</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>4306737</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MicroAmp&amp;trade; Clear Adhesive Film</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>4306311</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Agencourt&amp;trade; AMPure&amp;trade; XP Kit</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>A63881</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol(99.5)</td><td>Nacalai Tesque</td><td>08948-25</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium hydroxide (10M)</td><td>Sigma</td><td>72068</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DTU-Neo</td><td>TAITEC</td><td>0063286-000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>E-36</td><td>TAITEC</td><td>0027765-000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ECLIPSE Ci-L</td><td>Nikon</td><td>704354</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pipet-Lite LTS Pipette L-2XLS+</td><td>METTLER TOLEDO</td><td>17014393</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pipet-Lite LTS Pipette L-10XLS+</td><td>METTLER TOLEDO</td><td>17014388</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pipet-Lite LTS Pipette L-20XLS+</td><td>METTLER TOLEDO</td><td>17014392</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pipet-Lite LTS Pipette L-100XLS+</td><td>METTLER TOLEDO</td><td>17014384</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pipet-Lite LTS Pipette L-200XLS+</td><td>METTLER TOLEDO</td><td>17014391</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pipet-Lite LTS Pipette L-1000XLS+</td><td>METTLER TOLEDO</td><td>17014382</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>petit-change</td><td>WAKEN</td><td>MODEL8864</td><td>Mini centrifuge</td></tr><tr><td>petit-incubator</td><td>WAKEN</td><td>WKN-2290</td><td>Air incubator</td></tr><tr><td>SensiCare Powder-free Nitrile Exam Gloves</td><td>MEDLINE</td><td>SEM486802</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sterile gauze</td><td>Osaki</td><td>11138</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Refrigerator MediCool</td><td>SANYO</td><td>MPR-312DCN-PJ</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FEATHER TRIMMING BLAD</td><td>FEATHER</td><td>No.130</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FEATHER TRIMMING BLAD</td><td>FEATHER</td><td>No.260</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FEATHER S</td><td>FEATHER</td><td>FA-10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vortex Genius 3</td><td>IKA</td><td>41-0458</td><td>Vortex mixer</td></tr><tr><td>Pincette</td><td>NATSUME</td><td>A-5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1.5 mL microtube</td><td>BIOBIK</td><td>RC-0150</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

simple and rapid method to obtain high-quality tumor dna from clinical-pathological specimens using touch imprint cytology

그것은 관리와 암 환자에 대 한 특정 분자 표적된 약의 치료 전에 암에서 mutational 상태를 결정 하는 중요 한입니다. 임상 설정에서 포 르 말린 고정 파라핀 포함 (FFPE) 조직 유전자 테스트를 위한 널리 사용 됩니다. 그러나, FFPE DNA는 일반적으로 손상 되 고 포 르 말린으로 고정 과정 조각. 따라서, FFPE DNA는 때로는 낮은 품질 및 수량 DNA의 유전자 검사에 적합 하지. 여기 우리가 터치 인쇄물 세포학 (TIC), 암 세포에서 게놈 DNA를 현미경으로 관찰 될 수 있는 방법 제시. 셀 형태 및 암 세포 숫자는 TIC 견본을 사용 하 여 평가할 수 있습니다. 또한, TIC 샘플에서 게놈 DNA 추출 2 이내에 완료할 수 있습니다. 이 메서드를 사용 하 여 얻은 TIC DNA의 품질과 총 FFPE DNA 보다 높았다. 이 신속 하 고 간단한 방법 연구를 결과 보고에 대 한 처리 시간을 단축 하 고 유전자 검사 (예를 들어, 다음 세대 시퀀싱 분석, 디지털 PCR 및 양적 실시간 PCR)에 대 한 높은-품질 DNA를 수 있습니다.

그림 1 에서 DNA 추출 TIC 표본을 준비 전체 프로세스를 보여 줍니다. 특히, 절차 TIC 샘플에서 게놈 DNA를만 2 일 걸립니다. 우리는 슬라이드 처리 하기 전에 종양 스토리지의 어떤 효과 평가합니다. 우리는 조직 표본을 즉시 슬라이드에 감동 했다 그리고 염 분 moistened 살 균-거 즈에 1 h (그림 2)에 대 한 조직을 유지 했다 종양 세포를...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Simple and Rapid Method to Obtain High-quality Tumor DNA from Clinical-pathological Specimens Using Touch Imprint Cytology at JoVE.com

Simple and Rapid Method to Obtain High-quality Tumor DNA from Clinical-pathological Specimens Using Touch Imprint Cytology

종양 조직에서 높은-품질 게놈 DNA를 얻는 유전 변경 다음 세대 시퀀싱을 사용 하 여 분석 하기 위한 필수적인 첫 번째 단계입니다. 이 문서에서는, 우리는 종양 세포를 풍부 하 게 하 고 그대로 DNA 터치에서 인쇄물 세포학 표본 하는 간단 하 고 빠른 방법을 제시.

터치 인쇄물 세포학을 사용 하 여 병 적인 임상 표본에서 높은-품질 종양 DNA를 간단 하 고 빠른 방법

It is critical to determine the mutational status in cancer before administration and treatment of specific molecular targeted drugs for cancer patients. ...

simple-rapid-method-to-obtain-high-quality-tumor-dna-from-clinical

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

10.8K 조회수.  Yamanashi Central Hospital. 종양 조직에서 높은-품질 게놈 DNA를 얻는 유전 변경 다음 세대 시퀀싱을 사용 하 여 분석 하기 위한 필수적인 첫 번째 단계입니다. 이 문서에서는, 우리는 종양 세포를 풍부 하 게 하 고 그대로 DNA 터치에서 인쇄물 세포학 표본 하는 간단 하 고 빠른 방법을 제시.

비디오: Simple and Rapid Method to Obtain High-quality Tumor DNA from Clinical-pathological Specimens Using Touch Imprint Cytology

Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors

As our understanding of the driver mutations necessary for initiation and progression of cancers improves, we gain critical information on how specific molecular profiles of a tumor may predict responsiveness to therapeutic agents or provide knowledge about prognosis. At our institution a tumor genotyping program was established as part of routine clinical care, screening both hematologic and solid tumors for a wide spectrum of mutations using two next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels: a custom, 33 gene hematological malignancies panel for use with peripheral blood and bone marrow, and a commercially produced solid tumor panel for use with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue that targets 47 genes commonly mutated in cancer. Our workflow includes a pathologist review of the biopsy to ensure there is adequate amount of tumor for the assay followed by customized DNA extraction is performed on the specimen. Quality control of the specimen includes steps for quantity, quality and integrity and only after the extracted DNA passes these metrics an amplicon library is generated and sequenced. The resulting data is analyzed through an in-house bioinformatics pipeline and the variants are reviewed and interpreted for pathogenicity. Here we provide a snapshot of the utility of each panel using two clinical cases to provide insight into how a well-designed NGS workflow can contribute to optimizing clinical outcomes.

This manuscript describes clinical protocols for two next-generation sequencing panels. One panel interrogates hematologic malignancies while the other panel targets genes commonly mutated in solid tumors. Molecular classification of driver mutations in human malignancies offers valuable prognostic and predictive information.

고체 및 액체 종양에서 실행 가능한 돌연변이의 검출을위한 차세대 시퀀싱

As our understanding of the driver mutations necessary for initiation and progression of cancers improves, we gain critical information on how specific ...

연구

암 연구학

Characterization of Tumor Cells Using a Medical Wire for Capturing Circulating Tumor Cells: A 3D Approach Based on Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are associated with poor survival in metastatic cancer. Their identification, phenotyping, and genotyping could lead to a better understanding of tumor heterogeneity and thus facilitate the selection of patients for personalized treatment. However, this is hampered because of the rarity of CTCs. We present an innovative approach for sampling a high volume of the patient blood and obtaining information about presence, phenotype, and gene translocation of CTCs. The method combines immunofluorescence staining and DNA fluorescent-in-situ-hybridization (DNA FISH) and is based on a functionalized medical wire. This wire is an innovative device that permits the in vivo isolation of CTCs from a large volume of peripheral blood. The blood volume screened by a 30-min administration of the wire is approximately 1.5-3 L. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) expression and the chromosomal translocation of the ALK gene were determined in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines captured by the functionalized wire and stained with an immuno-DNA FISH approach. Our main challenge was to perform the assay on a 3D structure, the functionalized wire, and to determine immuno-phenotype and FISH signals on this support using a conventional fluorescence microscope. The results obtained indicate that catching CTCs and analyzing their phenotype and chromosomal rearrangement could potentially represent a new companion diagnostic approach and provide an innovative strategy for improving personalized cancer treatments.

We present a new approach to characterize tumor cells. We combined immunofluorescence with DNA fluorescent-in-situ-hybridization to evaluate cells captured by a functionalized medical wire capable of in vivo enriching CTCs directly from patient blood.

순환 종양 세포를 캡처에 대 한 의료 와이어를 사용 하 여 종양 세포의 특성: 면역 형광 DNA 물고기 기반으로 3 차원 접근

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are associated with poor survival in metastatic cancer. Their identification, phenotyping, and genotyping could lead to a ...

Comparative Lesions Analysis Through a Targeted Sequencing Approach

Assessing intra-tumoral heterogeneity (ITH) is of paramount importance to anticipate failure of targeted therapies and design accordingly effective anti-tumor strategies. Although concerns are frequently raised due to differences in sample processing and depth of coverage, next-generation sequencing of solid tumors have unraveled a highly variable degree of ITH across tumor types. Capturing the genetic relatedness between primary and metastatic lesions through the identification of clonal and subclonal populations is critical to the design of therapies for advance-stage diseases. Here, we report a method for comparative lesions analysis that allows for the identification of clonal and subclonal populations among different specimens from the same patient. The experimental approach described here integrates three well-established approaches: histological analysis, high-coverage multi-lesion sequencing, and immunophenotypic analyses. In order to minimize the effects on the detection of subclonal events by inappropriate sample processing, we subjected tissues to careful pathological examination and neoplastic cell enrichment. Quality controlled DNA from neoplastic lesions and normal tissues was then subjected to high coverage sequencing, targeting the coding regions of 409 relevant cancer genes. While only looking at a limited genomic space, our approach enables evaluating the extent of heterogeneity among somatic alterations (single-nucleotide mutations and copy-number variations) in distinct lesions from a given patient. Through comparative analysis of sequencing data, we were able to distinguish clonal vs. subclonal alterations. The majority of ITH is often ascribed to passenger mutations; therefore, we also used immunohistochemistry to predict functional consequences of mutations. While this protocol has been applied to a specific tumor type, we anticipate that the methodology described here is broadly applicable to other solid tumor types.

This article describes a method to identify clonal and subclonal alterations among different specimens from a given patient. Although the experiments described here focus on a specific tumor type, the approach is broadly applicable to other solid tumors.

표적 시퀀싱 접근법을 통한 비교 병변 분석

Assessing intra-tumoral heterogeneity (ITH) is of paramount importance to anticipate failure of targeted therapies and design accordingly effective ...

행동분석학

Quantitative Mass Spectrometric Profiling of Cancer-cell Proteomes Derived From Liquid and Solid Tumors

In-depth analyses of cancer cell proteomes are needed to elucidate oncogenic pathomechanisms, as well as to identify potential drug targets and diagnostic biomarkers. However, methods for quantitative proteomic characterization of patient-derived tumors and in particular their cellular subpopulations are largely lacking. Here we describe an experimental set-up that allows quantitative analysis of proteomes of cancer cell subpopulations derived from either liquid or solid tumors. This is achieved by combining cellular enrichment strategies with quantitative Super-SILAC-based mass spectrometry followed by bioinformatic data analysis. To enrich specific cellular subsets, liquid tumors are first immunophenotyped by flow cytometry followed by FACS-sorting; for solid tumors, laser-capture microdissection is used to purify specific cellular subpopulations. In a second step, proteins are extracted from the purified cells and subsequently combined with a tumor-specific, SILAC-labeled spike-in standard that enables protein quantification. The resulting protein mixture is subjected to either gel electrophoresis or Filter Aided Sample Preparation (FASP) followed by tryptic digestion. Finally, tryptic peptides are analyzed using a hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer, and the data obtained are processed with bioinformatic software suites including MaxQuant. By means of the workflow presented here, up to 8,000 proteins can be identified and quantified in patient-derived samples, and the resulting protein expression profiles can be compared among patients to identify diagnostic proteomic signatures or potential drug targets.

In-depth analyses of cancer cell proteomes facilitate identification of novel drug targets and diagnostic biomarkers. We describe an experimental workflow for quantitative analysis of (phospho-)proteomes in cancer cell subpopulations derived from liquid and solid tumors. This is achieved by combining cellular enrichment strategies with quantitative Super-SILAC-based mass spectrometry.

액체 및 고체 종양 유래의 암세포 프로테옴 정량적 질량 분석 프로파일

In-depth analyses of cancer cell proteomes are needed to elucidate oncogenic pathomechanisms, as well as to identify potential drug targets and diagnostic ...

의학

Integration of Wet and Dry Bench Processes Optimizes Targeted Next-generation Sequencing of Low-quality and Low-quantity Tumor Biopsies

All next-generation sequencing (NGS) procedures include assays performed at the laboratory bench (&#34;wet bench&#34;) and data analyses conducted using bioinformatics pipelines (&#34;dry bench&#34;). Both elements are essential to produce accurate and reliable results, which are particularly critical for clinical laboratories. Targeted NGS technologies have increasingly found favor in oncology applications to help advance precision medicine objectives, yet the methods often involve disconnected and variable wet and dry bench workflows and uncoordinated reagent sets. In this report, we describe a method for sequencing challenging cancer specimens with a 21-gene panel as an example of a comprehensive targeted NGS system. The system integrates functional DNA quantification and qualification, single-tube multiplexed PCR enrichment, and library purification and normalization using analytically-verified, single-source reagents with a standalone bioinformatics suite. As a result, accurate variant calls from low-quality and low-quantity formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) tumor biopsies can be achieved. The method can routinely assess cancer-associated variants from an input of 400 amplifiable DNA copies, and is modular in design to accommodate new gene content. Two different types of analytically-defined controls provide quality assurance and help safeguard call accuracy with clinically-relevant samples. A flexible &#34;tag&#34; PCR step embeds platform-specific adaptors and index codes to allow sample barcoding and compatibility with common benchtop NGS instruments. Importantly, the protocol is streamlined and can produce 24 sequence-ready libraries in a single day. Finally, the approach links wet and dry bench processes by incorporating pre-analytical sample quality control results directly into the variant calling algorithms to improve mutation detection accuracy and differentiate false-negative and indeterminate calls. This targeted NGS method uses advances in both wetware and software to achieve high-depth, multiplexed sequencing and sensitive analysis of heterogeneous cancer samples for diagnostic applications.

An integrated system for targeted next-generation sequencing of oncology specimens is described. This cross-platform system is optimized for low-quality and low-quantity tumor biopsies, accommodates low DNA inputs, includes well-characterized multi-variant controls, and features a novel variant caller that is informed by quantitative pre-analytical quality control measures.

낮은 품질과 낮은 수량 종양 생검의 습식 및 건식 벤치 프로세스의 통합을 대상으로 최적화하여 차세대 시퀀싱

All next-generation sequencing (NGS) procedures include assays performed at the laboratory bench (&#34;wet bench&#34;) and data analyses conducted using ...

Establishment of a Clinic-based Biorepository

The incidence of skin cancer (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and melanoma) has been increasing over the past several years. It is expected that there will be a parallel demand for cutaneous tumor samples for biomedical research studies. Tissue availability, however, is limited due the cost of establishing a biorepository and the lack of protocols available for obtaining clinical samples that do not interfere with clinical operations. A protocol was established to collect and process cutaneous tumor and associated blood and saliva samples that has minimal impact on routine clinical procedures on the date of a Mohs surgery. Tumor samples are collected and processed from patients undergoing their first layer of Mohs surgery for biopsy-proven cutaneous malignancies by the Mohs histotechnologist. Adjacent normal tissue is collected at the time of surgical closure. Additional samples that may be collected are whole-blood and buccal swabs. By utilizing tissue samples that are normally discarded, a biorepository was generated that offers several key advantages by being based in the clinic versus the laboratory setting. These include a wide range of collected samples; access to de-identified patient records, including pathology reports; and, for the typical donor, access to additional samples during follow-up visits.

Cutaneous tumors are often discarded following Mohs micrographic surgery. A protocol is described here that enables clinical support staff to effectively process and store cutaneous tumor (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and melanoma) samples for downstream laboratory applications without interfering with clinical operations.

클리닉 기반 생물 저장소의 설립

The incidence of skin cancer (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and melanoma) has been increasing over the past several years. It is ...

Detecting Somatic Genetic Alterations in Tumor Specimens by Exon Capture and Massively Parallel Sequencing

Efforts to detect and investigate key oncogenic mutations have proven valuable to facilitate the appropriate treatment for cancer patients. The establishment of high-throughput, massively parallel "next-generation" sequencing has aided the discovery of many such mutations. To enhance the clinical and translational utility of this technology, platforms must be high-throughput, cost-effective, and compatible with formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples that may yield small amounts of degraded or damaged DNA. Here, we describe the preparation of barcoded and multiplexed DNA libraries followed by hybridization-based capture of targeted exons for the detection of cancer-associated mutations in fresh frozen and FFPE tumors by massively parallel sequencing. This method enables the identification of sequence mutations, copy number alterations, and select structural rearrangements involving all targeted genes. Targeted exon sequencing offers the benefits of high throughput, low cost, and deep sequence coverage, thus conferring high sensitivity for detecting low frequency mutations.

We describe the preparation of barcoded DNA libraries and subsequent hybridization-based exon capture for detection of key cancer-associated mutations in clinical tumor specimens by massively parallel "next generation" sequencing. Targeted exon sequencing offers the benefits of high throughput, low cost, and deep sequence coverage, thus yielding high sensitivity for detecting low frequency mutations.

엑손 캡처 및 대규모 병렬 염기 서열 종양 검체에서 체세포 유전 변경을 검출

Efforts  to detect and investigate key oncogenic mutations have proven valuable to  facilitate the appropriate treatment for cancer patients. The ...

생물학

qPCR Is a Sensitive and Rapid Method for Detection of Cytomegaloviral DNA in Formalin-fixed, Paraffin-embedded Biopsy Tissue

It is crucial to identify cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of immunosuppressed patients, given their greater risk for developing severe infection. Many laboratory methods for the detection of CMV infection have been developed, including serology, viral culture, and molecular methods. Often, these methods reflect systemic involvement with CMV and do not specifically identify local tissue involvement. Therefore, detection of CMV infection in the GI tract is frequently done by traditional histology of biopsy tissue. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&#38;E) staining in conjunction with immunohistochemistry (IHC) have remained the mainstays of examining these biopsies. H&#38;E and IHC sometimes result in atypical (equivocal) staining patterns, making interpretation difficult. It was shown that quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for CMV can successfully be performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsy tissue for very high sensitivity and specificity. The goal of this protocol is to demonstrate how to perform qPCR testing for the detection of CMV in FFPE biopsy tissue in a clinical laboratory setting. This method is likely to be of great benefit for patients in cases of equivocal staining for CMV in GI biopsies.

This protocol describes qPCR detection of cytomegalovirus in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy tissue, which is rapid, sensitive, specific, and useful for interpreting equivocal hematoxylin and eosin or immunohistochemical staining patterns.

qPCR에 포르말린 고정, 파라핀 - 임베디드 생검 조직에서 Cytomegaloviral DNA의 검출에 대한 민감하고 빠른 방법입니다

It is crucial to identify cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of immunosuppressed patients, given their greater risk for ...

Enhanced Genetic Analysis of Single Human Bioparticles Recovered by Simplified Micromanipulation from Forensic &#8216;Touch DNA&#8217; Evidence

DNA profiles can be obtained from &#8216;touch DNA&#8217; evidence, which comprises microscopic traces of human biological material. Current methods for the recovery of trace DNA employ cotton swabs or adhesive tape to sample an area of interest. However, such a &#8216;blind-swabbing&#8217; approach will co-sample cellular material from the different individuals, even if the individuals&#8217; cells are located in geographically distinct locations on the item. Thus, some of the DNA mixtures encountered in touch DNA samples are artificially created by the swabbing itself. In some instances, a victim&#8217;s DNA may be found in significant excess thus masking any potential perpetrator&#8217;s DNA.
In order to circumvent the challenges with standard recovery and analysis methods, we have developed a lower cost, &#8216;smart analysis&#8217; method that results in enhanced genetic analysis of touch DNA evidence. We describe an optimized and efficient micromanipulation recovery strategy for the collection of bio-particles present in touch DNA samples, as well as an enhanced amplification strategy involving a one-step 5 &#181;l microvolume lysis/STR amplification to permit the recovery of STR profiles from the bio-particle donor(s). The use of individual or few (i.e., &#8220;clumps&#8221;) bioparticles results in the ability to obtain single source profiles. These procedures represent alternative enhanced techniques for the isolation and analysis of single bioparticles from forensic touch DNA evidence. While not necessary in every forensic investigation, the method could be highly beneficial for the recovery of a single source perpetrator DNA profile in cases involving physical assault (e.g., strangulation) that may not be possible using standard analysis techniques. Additionally, the strategies developed here offer an opportunity to obtain genetic information at the single cell level from a variety of other non-forensic trace biological material.

Here we describe an optimized and efficient removal strategy for the collection of bio-particles present in &#8216;touch DNA&#8217; samples, together with an enhanced amplification protocol involving a one-step 5 &#181;l micro-volume lysis/STR amplification, to permit the recovery of short tandem repeat (STR) profiles of the bio-particle donor(s).

법의학 &#39;터치 DNA&#39;증거에서 간체 미세 조작술에 의해 복구 된 단일 인간 Bioparticles의 향상된 유전자 분석

DNA profiles can be obtained from &#8216;touch DNA&#8217; evidence, which comprises microscopic traces of human biological material. Current methods for ...

Enhancing Tumor Content through Tumor Macrodissection

The presence of contaminating non-tumor tissues in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues can greatly undermine genomic studies. Herein we describe macrodissection, a method designed to augment the percentage tumor content of a tissue specimen by removing and eliminating unwanted tissue prior to performing downstream nucleic acid extractions. FFPE tissue blocks were sectioned to produce 4-5 &#181;m slide-mounted tissue sections. A representative section was submitted for hematoxylin and eosin (H&#38;E) staining and subsequently reviewed by a board-certified pathologist. During the review, the pathologist identified and marked the regions of tumor tissue in the H&#38;E. Once complete, the demarked H&#38;E was used to guide resection of the serial unstained sections from the same tissue block. To demonstrate the effects of macrodissection, RNA extracted from matched macrodissected and non-dissected Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas (DLBCL) were run on a digital gene expression assay capable of determining DLBCL subtype and BCL2 translocation status. The results showed that macrodissection changed the subtype or BCL2 translocation status calls in 60% of the samples examined. In conclusion, macrodissection is a simple and effective method for performing tumor enrichment prior to nucleic acid extractions, the product of which can then be confidently used in downstream genomic studies.

This protocol presents a method to increase the percent tumor content of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples.

종양 거대 해부를 통한 종양 내용 향상

The presence of contaminating non-tumor tissues in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues can greatly undermine genomic studies. Herein we ...