이 작품은 자연 과학 재단의 중국 국가 (81671685)와 상하이 위원회의 건강과 가족 계획 (No. 201440538)에 의해 투자

<ol>
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R., Akhtar, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Catheter+ablation+of+the+left+bundle+branch+for+the+treatment+of+sustained+bundle+branch+reentrant+ventricular+tachycardia.">Catheter ablation of the left bundle branch for the treatment of sustained bundle branch reentrant ventricular tachycardia.</a> J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 6 (1), 40-43 (1995).</li><li>Auger, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+induced+LV+dyssynchrony+by+right+ventricular+apical+pacing+on+all-cause+mortality+and+heart+failure+hospitalization+rates+at+long-term+follow-up.">Effect of induced LV dyssynchrony by right ventricular apical pacing on all-cause mortality and heart failure hospitalization rates at long-term follow-up.</a> J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 25 (6), 631-637 (2014).</li><li>Delgado-Montero, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Additive+Prognostic+Value+of+Echocardiographic+Global+Longitudinal+and+Global+Circumferential+Strain+to+Electrocardiographic+Criteria+in+Patients+With+Heart+Failure+Undergoing+Cardiac+Resynchronization+Therapy.">Additive Prognostic Value of Echocardiographic Global Longitudinal and Global Circumferential Strain to Electrocardiographic Criteria in Patients With Heart Failure Undergoing Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy.</a> Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 9 (6), e004241 (2016).</li><li>Delgado, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+left+ventricular+dyssynchrony+by+speckle+tracking+strain+imaging+comparison+between+longitudinal,+circumferential,+and+radial+strain+radial+strain+in+cardiac+resynchronization+therapy.">Assessment of left ventricular dyssynchrony by speckle tracking strain imaging comparison between longitudinal, circumferential, and radial strain radial strain in cardiac resynchronization therapy.</a> J Am Coll Cardiol. 51 (20), 1944-1952 (2008).</li><li>Risum, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Variability+of+global+left+ventricular+deformation+analysis+using+vendor+dependent+and+independent+two-dimensional+speckle-tracking+software+in+adults.">Variability of global left ventricular deformation analysis using vendor dependent and independent two-dimensional speckle-tracking software in adults.</a> J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 25 (11), 1195-1203 (2012).</li><li>Barold, S. 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저자 들은 아무 경쟁 금융 관심사 선언 합니다.

동 공이 확장 되어 심장 근육 병 증이 특징인 심 실 팽창 시킴, 감소 LVEF와 심장 수축 부전, CHF의 주요 원인과 심장 확장 채우는11의 이상 구성 합니다. 때문에 만성 심 박 급진-중재 HF 인정된 임상 조건, CHF11을 유도 하기 위해 자주 사용된 동물 모델 역할 빠른 서 성 심 방 또는 심 실의 적어도 3 ~ 4 주. Hemodynamic 변화 대로 24 시간 빠른 서 성, 심장 기능의 최대 3 5 주...

고급 만성 HF 다양 한 심혈 관 질환 사망률의 주요 원인입니다. 심부 전 (CHF)와 환자의 부분 집합 또한 증상 및 예 후를 악화 하는 심 실 전도 discoordination를 개발 합니다. CRT, 라고도 biventricular 서 성, 20 년1,2에 대 한 이러한 환자에 대 한 대체 치료로 서 도입 되었습니다. 불행히도, 환자의 약 20-40% 가난한 응답 CRT에 표시 합니다. 그 이후, 많은 연구 CRT 응답3을 확대 하기 위하여 밖으로 실시 되었습니다. 그것은 지금 잘 인식 되는 LBBB 환자 수 더 많은 혜택을 CRT에서 비 LBBB4보다 LBBB 패턴 septal과 측면 벽 사이 벽 이동의 자유에 비대칭으로 인해 심장 dyssynchrony의 더 큰 크기를 발생 하는 때문에 . 한편 최근 연구 결과 유전자 발현에 변화를 탐험 시작 하 고 CRT5와 관련 된 분자 개장. 구조 역 개장 CRT에 의해 유도 된 동반, 세포질이 고 분자 정상 수준으로 복귀 큰 관심6입니다. 따라서, CRT 혜택 공부에 대 한 격리 LBBB와 CHF의 최적의 모델을 확립 필수적 이다.
만성, 빠른 심 실 서 성 CHF 개 모델에서 생산을 한 번 사용 되었다. RV 서 의심할 여 지 없이 지연된 LV 수축 LBBB 같은 수축 패턴의 모델을 생산할 수 있습니다. 그러나,이 그대로 전도 시스템 기능 비동기의 해부학 LBBB 에뮬레이션 하지 않을 수 있습니다 유형과 전기 활성화 장애인 CRT 성능, 조정 하는 본질은 공부에 대 한 적절 한 모델으로 간주 되지 않습니다 및 심근 수축입니다. LV 수축의 신속한 복원 및 LV 차원의 후 성의 또한 부분 복구7보고.
실험 연구는 RF 제거 비동기 심 실 수축8을 설치 하 여 만성 LBBB 유도 있다. 글로벌 펌프 기능 및 지역 잘못 된 기계 작업의 조합을 심장 비 효율으로 서 조직에 개장 하는 심장, 세포, 분자 수준에 생성 하 여 CHF를 악화 수 있습니다. LBBB 마음 작업에서는 심장에 최저 / 최고 LV 측면 벽에입니다. 결과적으로 심장 개장 이다 가장 발음 측면 벽9. 현재 연구의 목적은: (i) 급속 한 RV LBB 절제;와 함께에서 서에 의해 interventricular와 intraventricular 기계적 비동기와 안정적이 고 만성 HF 모델을 (ii) dyssynchronous HF 우리의 모델 및 추적 심장 초음파 및 aVTI; 2 차원 얼룩에 의해 수축 조정에 CRT 혜택을 확인 하 그리고 (iii) 예비 세포 역방향 개장을 탐구 하 여 CRT elicited.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Closed iv catheter system (0.9mm&amp;times;25mm)</td><td>Becton Dickinson Medical</td><td>5264442</td><td>Used as venous retention needle</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium pentobarbital</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich Company</td><td>130205</td><td>For anesthesia</td></tr><tr><td>Pet clipper</td><td>Wuhan Shernbao pet supplies Co., Ltd.</td><td>PGC-660</td><td>For hair shaving</td></tr><tr><td>Electrocardiograph</td><td>Shanghai photoelectric medical electronic instrument Co., Ltd.</td><td>ECG-6511</td><td>For electrocardiogram recording</td></tr><tr><td>Echocardiograph</td><td>GE-Vingmed Ultrasound Company</td><td>VIVID E9</td><td>For echocardiographic assessment</td></tr><tr><td>EchoPAC software</td><td>GE healthcare</td><td>Version201</td><td>Offline analysis</td></tr><tr><td>Laryngoscope</td><td>Shanghai Medical Instrument Co., Ltd</td><td></td><td>Orotracheal intubation</td></tr><tr><td>Endotracheal tube</td><td>SIMS Portex Inc, UK</td><td>274093</td><td>Orotracheal intubation</td></tr><tr><td>Volume cycled respirator</td><td>Newport Corporation</td><td>C100</td><td>Artificial ventilation</td></tr><tr><td>HeartStart XL Defibrillator/Monitor</td><td>Philips Medical Systems</td><td>M4735A</td><td>Electrocardiogram monitor during operation</td></tr><tr><td>Benzalkonium Bromide Tincture</td><td>Shanghai Yunjia Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.</td><td>H31022694</td><td>Used for skin disinfection</td></tr><tr><td>Rib retractor</td><td>Shanghai Medical Instrument Co., Ltd.</td><td></td><td>For thoracotomy</td></tr><tr><td>4-0 suture</td><td>Shanghai Pudong Jinhuan Medical Products Co., LTD.</td><td>24L1005</td><td>Suture of LV epicardial electrode</td></tr><tr><td>2-0/T suture</td><td>Shanghai Pudong Jinhuan Medical Products Co., LTD.</td><td>11M0505</td><td>Suture of pacing leads, fascia, vessels, etc.</td></tr><tr><td>0-suture</td><td>Shanghai Pudong Jinhuan Medical Products Co., LTD.</td><td>11P0501</td><td>Skin suture</td></tr><tr><td>penicillin powder</td><td>North China Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.</td><td>F6034105</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DSA X-ray machine</td><td>Philips</td><td>Allura Xper FD10</td><td>X-ray for fluoroscopy</td></tr><tr><td>LV pacing electrode</td><td>Medtronic, Inc.</td><td>LBT 4965</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>RV pacing electrode</td><td>St. Jude Medical</td><td>Tendril 1888</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>RA pacing electrode</td><td>St. Jude Medical</td><td>IsoFlex 1642T</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pacemaker pulse generator</td><td>Medtronic, Inc.</td><td>Enpulse E2DR01</td><td>For rapid RV pacing</td></tr><tr><td>CRT pulse generator</td><td>St. Jude Medical</td><td>Anthem PM 3212</td><td>For CRT performance</td></tr><tr><td>Multi-channel electrophysiologic recorder</td><td>GE Medical Systems</td><td>2003232-004</td><td>For surface and intracardiac electrogram</td></tr><tr><td>Catheter input module</td><td>GE Medical Systems</td><td>301-00202-08</td><td>Multiple pole switches for stimulation or recording</td></tr><tr><td>Radiofrequency generator</td><td>Johnson-Johnson Company</td><td>ST-4460</td><td>For RF current delivery</td></tr><tr><td>Cordless return electrode</td><td>Covidien</td><td>E7509</td><td>For current circuit formation</td></tr><tr><td>Cordis 6-Fr sheath</td><td>Johnson-Johnson Company</td><td>504-606X</td><td>Access for mapping catheter</td></tr><tr><td>Cordis 7-Fr sheath</td><td>Johnson-Johnson Company</td><td>504-607X</td><td>Access for mapping and ablation catheter</td></tr><tr><td>6-Fr quadripolar catheter</td><td>Johnson-Johnson Company</td><td>F6QRA005RT</td><td>Mapping catheter</td></tr><tr><td>7-Fr 4mm-tip steerable ablation catheter</td><td>St. Jude Medical</td><td>402823</td><td>Mapping and ablation catheter</td></tr><tr><td>Prucka Cardio-Lab&lt;sup&gt;&amp;reg;&lt;/sup&gt;2000</td><td>GE Medical Systems</td><td>6.9.00.000</td><td>Software package for electrogram recording</td></tr><tr><td>Heparin</td><td>Haitong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd</td><td>160505</td><td>Anticoagulant during catheter ablation</td></tr><tr><td>Digital image analysis system</td><td>Leica Microsystems</td><td>Qwin V3</td><td>For histologic analysis</td></tr></tbody></table>

benefits of cardiac resynchronization therapy in an asynchronous heart failure model induced by left bundle branch ablation and rapid pacing

그것은 지금 잘 인식 왼쪽된 번들 지 구획 (LBBB) 심장 마비 (HF) 환자에서 심장 재 동기화 치료 (CRT), 실질적인 임상 혜택을 파생 LBBB CRT 응답에 대 한 중요 한 예언자 중 하나가 있다. 기존의 tachypacing 유도 HF 모델은 몇 가지 주요 제한, 안정적인 LBBB의 부재 등의 서 성 후 왼쪽된 심 실 (LV) 부전의 급속 한 반전. 따라서, CRT 혜택 공부에 대 한 격리 LBBB와 만성 HF의 최적의 모델을 확립 필수적 이다. 현재 연구에서 왼쪽된 번들 지점 (LBB) 제거 및 빠른 오른쪽 심 실 (RV) 속도의 4 주에 의해 유도 된 비동기 HF의 개 모델 설정 됩니다. RV와 전극, 서 성 epicardial LV와 경 정 맥 접근 방식을 통해 오른쪽 심 방 (RA) 서 성 전극 CRT 성능에 대 한 이식 했다. 여기에 제시 된 고주파 (RF) 카 테 터 제거, 리드 이식, 그리고 급속 한 서 성 거 려 전략 성의 상세한 프로토콜 있습니다. 작업 중 intracardiac 및 표면 electrograms LBB 절제의 더 나은 이해를 위해 또한 제공 되었다. 2 차원 얼룩 추적 이미징 및 대동맥 속도 시간 적분 (aVTI) LV 비동기와 CRT 혜택 만성 안정 HF 모델 유효성을 인수 했다. 심 실 활성화 및 수축 조정, CRT LV 기계 작업 제복을 입은 고 복원 LV 펌프 기능, LV 팽창의 반전에 의해 그 뒤를 이었다. 또한, histopathological 연구를 더 나타내는 CRT 성능 및 휴대 반전 CRT에 의해 elicited 개장 후 cardiomyocyte 직경 및 콜라겐 볼륨 분수 (CVF)의 중요 한 복원을 밝혔다. 이 보고서에서 우리는 만성 비동기 HF 모델, 구조 및 생물 학적 역 개장 다음 CRT 공부에 적합 했던 개발 가능 하 고 유효한 방법 설명.

성공적인 LBB 제거:
그림 2 전형적인 표면과 intracardiac electrogram을 카 테 터 절제 동안 나타냅니다. LBP-V를 측정 하는 평균 약 10 ms 기준 H V 간격 보다 짧은 했다 18.8 ±2.8 ms는 (28.8 ±2.6 ms, p < 0.01). 94.2 ±8.6 ms 59.2 ±6.8 ms에서 장기 QRS 기간 (p < 0.01) LBB 제거 후. LBP electrogram의 손실 성공적인 LBB 제거 확인....

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing at JoVE.com

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing

심장 재 동기화 치료 왼쪽된 번들 지점 제거 및 빠른 속도 의해 유도 된 비동기 심장 마비 모델에서의 장점

빠른 서 성 왼쪽된 번들 지점 제거와 결합 하 여 만성 비동기 심장 마비 (HF) 모델의 제공 됩니다. 이미징 및 대동맥 속도 시간 전체를 추적 하는 2 차원 얼룩 왼쪽된 심 실 비동기와 심장 재 동기화 치료의 혜택이 안정적인 HF 모델 유효성 검사에 적용 됩니다.

It is now well recognized that heart failure (HF) patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) derive substantial clinical benefits from cardiac ...

benefits-cardiac-resynchronization-therapy-an-asynchronous-heart

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

10.4K 조회수.  Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. 빠른 서 성 왼쪽된 번들 지점 제거와 결합 하 여 만성 비동기 심장 마비 (HF) 모델의 제공 됩니다. 이미징 및 대동맥 속도 시간 전체를 추적 하는 2 차원 얼룩 왼쪽된 심 실 비동기와 심장 재 동기화 치료의 혜택이 안정적인 HF 모델 유효성 검사에 적용 됩니다.

비디오: Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing

Programmed Electrical Stimulation in Mice

Genetically-modified mice have emerged as a preferable animal model to study the molecular mechanisms underlying conduction abnormalities, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death.1 Intracardiac pacing studies can be performed in mice using a 1.1F octapolar catheter inserted into the jugular vein, and advanced into the right atrium and ventricle. Here, we illustrate the steps involved in performing programmed electrical stimulation in mice. Surface ECG and intracardiac electrograms are recorded simultaneously in the atria, atrioventricular junction, and ventricular myocardium, whereas intracardiac pacing of the atrium is performed using an external stimulator. Thus, programmed electrical stimulation in mice provides unique opportunities to explore molecular mechanisms underlying conduction defects and cardiac arrhythmias.

Programmed electrical stimulation provides the ability to determine conduction properties of the heart, and the possibility to induce and terminate cardiac arrhythmias using various pacing protocols. Using a transvenous catheter, intracardiac electrogram recordings can be obtained in mice following programmed electrical stimulation protocols to identify arrhythmogenic substrates.

마우스에 프로그램된 전기 자극을

Genetically-modified mice have emerged as a preferable animal model to study the molecular mechanisms underlying conduction abnormalities, atrial and ...

연구

의학

Simultaneous Electrical and Mechanical Stimulation to Enhance Cells' Cardiomyogenic Potential

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in developed countries. Consequently, the demand for effective cardiac cell therapies has motivated researchers in the stem cell and bioengineering fields to develop in vitro high-fidelity human myocardium for both basic research and clinical applications. However, the immature phenotype of cardiac cells is a limitation on obtaining tissues that functionally mimic the adult myocardium, which is mainly characterized by mechanical and electrical signals. Thus, the purpose of this protocol is to prepare and mature the target cell population through electromechanical stimulation, recapitulating physiological parameters. Cardiac tissue engineering is evolving toward more biological approaches, and strategies based on biophysical stimuli, thus, are gaining momentum. The device developed for this purpose is unique and allows individual or simultaneous electrical and mechanical stimulation, carefully characterized and validated. In addition, although the methodology has been optimized for this stimulator and a specific cell population, it can easily be adapted to other devices and cell lines. The results here offer evidence of the increased cardiac commitment of the cell population after electromechanical stimulation. Electromechanically stimulated cells show an increased expression of main cardiac markers, including early, structural, and calcium-regulating genes. This cell conditioning could be useful for further regenerative cell therapy, disease modeling, and high-throughput drug screening.

Here we present a protocol for training a cell population using electrical and mechanical stimuli emulating cardiac physiology. This electromechanical stimulation enhances the cardiomyogenic potential of the treated cells and is a promising strategy for further cell therapy, disease modeling, and drug screening.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in developed countries. Consequently, the demand for effective cardiac cell therapies has motivated ...

생체공학

Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine

A stable and reliable model of chronic heart failure is required for many experiments to understand hemodynamics or to test effects of new treatment methods. Here, we present such a model by tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy, which can be produced by rapid cardiac pacing in swine.
A single pacing lead is introduced transvenously into fully anaesthetized healthy swine, to the apex of the right ventricle, and fixated. Its other end is then tunneled dorsally to the paravertebral region. There, it is connected to an in-house modified heart pacemaker unit that is then implanted in a subcutaneous pocket. 
After 4 - 8 weeks of rapid ventricular pacing at rates of 200 - 240 beats/min, physical examination revealed signs of severe heart failure - tachypnea, spontaneous sinus tachycardia, and fatigue. Echocardiography and X-ray showed dilation of all heart chambers, effusions, and severe systolic dysfunction. These findings correspond well to decompensated dilated cardiomyopathy and are also preserved after the cessation of pacing.
This model of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy can be used for studying the pathophysiology of progressive chronic heart failure, especially hemodynamic changes caused by new treatment modalities like mechanical circulatory supports. This methodology is easy to perform and the results are robust and reproducible.

Here, we present a protocol to produce tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy in swine. This model represents a potent way to study the hemodynamics of progressive chronic heart failure and the effects of applied treatment.

돼지에서 만성 심장 마비 모델로 tachycardia 유발 심근

A stable and reliable model of chronic heart failure is required for many experiments to understand hemodynamics or to test effects of new treatment ...

Ablation of Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia Using a Multipolar Catheter and 3-dimensional Mapping System for High-density Electro-anatomical Reconstruction

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy mainly results from endocardial scars after myocardial infarction; those scars represent zones of slow conduction that allow the occurrence and maintenance of reentrant circuits. Catheter ablation enables substrate modification of those low voltage areas and thus can help to alter the scar tissue in such a way that arrhythmias cannot appear anymore. Hospitalizations of concerned patients decrease, quality of life and outcome rise. Consequently, VT ablation represents a growing field in electrophysiology, especially for patients with endocardial scars in ischemic heart disease after myocardial infarction. However, ablation of ventricular tachycardia remains one of the most challenging procedures in the electrophysiology lab. Precise scar definition and localization of abnormal potentials are critical for ablation success. The following manuscript describes the use of a multipolar mapping catheter and 3-dimensional (3D) mapping system to create a high density electro-anatomical map of the left ventricle including a precise scar representation as well as mapping of fractionated and late potentials in order to allow a highly accurate substrate modification.

With the following protocol, we provide an approach to Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) ablation using high density mapping with a multipolar catheter and 3D mapping system enhancing the success of the procedure.

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy mainly results from endocardial scars after myocardial infarction; those scars ...

Studying Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling by Aortic Debanding in Rodents

To better understand the left ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling (RR), we describe a rodent model wherein, after aortic banding-induced LV remodeling, mice undergo RR upon removal of the aortic constriction. In this paper, we describe a step-by-step procedure to perform a minimally invasive surgical aortic debanding in mice. Echocardiography was subsequently used to assess the degree of cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction during LV remodeling and RR and to determine the best timing for aortic debanding. At the end of the protocol, terminal hemodynamic evaluation of the cardiac function was conducted, and samples were collected for histological studies. We showed that debanding is associated with surgical survival rates of 70-80%. Moreover, two weeks after debanding, the significant reduction of ventricular afterload triggers the regression of ventricular hypertrophy (~20%) and fibrosis (~26%), recovery of diastolic dysfunction as assessed by the normalization of left ventricular filling and end-diastolic pressures (E/e&#39;&#160;and LVEDP). Aortic debanding is a useful experimental model to study LV RR in rodents. The extent of myocardial recovery is variable between subjects, therefore, mimicking the diversity of RR that occurs in the clinical context, such as aortic valve replacement. We conclude that the aortic banding/debanding model represents a valuable tool to unravel novel insights into the mechanisms of RR, namely the regression of cardiac hypertrophy and the recovery of diastolic dysfunction.

Here we describe a step-by-step protocol of surgical aorta debanding in the well-established mice model of aortic-constriction. This procedure not only allows studying the mechanisms underlying the left ventricular reverse remodeling and regression of hypertrophy but also to test novel therapeutic options that might accelerate myocardial recovery.

설치류에서 대동맥 탈밴드에 의해 왼쪽 심실 역 리모델링 공부

To better understand the left ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling (RR), we describe a rodent model wherein, after aortic banding-induced LV remodeling, ...

Advanced Cardiac Rhythm Management by Applying Optogenetic Multi-Site Photostimulation in Murine Hearts

Ventricular tachyarrhythmias are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Electrical defibrillation using high-energy electric shocks is currently the only treatment for life-threatening ventricular fibrillation. However, defibrillation may have side-effects, including intolerable pain, tissue damage, and worsening of prognosis, indicating a significant medical need for the development of more gentle cardiac rhythm management strategies. Besides energy-reducing electrical approaches, cardiac optogenetics was introduced as a powerful tool to influence cardiac activity using light-sensitive membrane ion channels and light pulses. In the present study, a robust and valid method for successful photostimulation of Langendorff perfused intact murine hearts will be described based on multi-site pacing applying a 3 x 3 array of micro light-emitting diodes (micro-LED). Simultaneous optical mapping of epicardial membrane voltage waves allows the investigation of the effects of region-specific stimulation and evaluates the newly induced cardiac activity directly on-site. The obtained results show that the efficacy of defibrillation is strongly dependent on the parameters chosen for photostimulation during a cardiac arrhythmia. It will be demonstrated that the illuminated area of the heart plays a crucial role for termination success as well as how the targeted control of cardiac activity during illumination for modifying arrhythmia patterns can be achieved. In summary, this technique provides a possibility to optimize the on-site mechanism manipulation on the way to real-time feedback control of cardiac rhythm and, regarding the region specificity, new approaches in reducing the potential harm to the cardiac system compared to the usage of non-specific electrical shock applications.

This work reports a method for controlling the cardiac rhythm of intact murine hearts of transgenic channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) mice using local photostimulation with a micro-LED array and simultaneous optical mapping of epicardial membrane potential.

쥐 심장에 광유전학적 다중 부위 광자극을 적용하여 고급 심장 리듬 관리

Ventricular tachyarrhythmias are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Electrical defibrillation using high-energy electric shocks is ...

Transesophageal Atrial Burst Pacing for Atrial Fibrillation Induction in Rats

Animal studies have brought important insights into our understanding regarding atrial fibrillation (AF) pathophysiology and therapeutic management. Reentry, one of the main mechanisms involved in AF pathogenesis, requires a certain mass of myocardial tissue in order to occur. Due to the small size of the atria, rodents have long been considered 'resistant' to AF. Although spontaneous AF has been shown to occur in rats, long-term follow-up (up to 50 weeks) is required for the arrhythmia to occur in those models. The present work describes an experimental protocol of transesophageal atrial burst pacing for rapid and efficient induction of AF in rats. The protocol can be successfully used in rats with healthy or remodeled hearts, in the presence of a wide variety of risk factors, allowing the study of AF pathophysiology, identification of novel therapeutic targets, and evaluation of novel prophylactic and/or therapeutic strategies.

The present work describes an experimental protocol of transesophageal atrial burst pacing for efficient induction of atrial fibrillation (AF) in rats. The protocol can be used in rats with healthy or remodeled hearts, allowing the study of AF pathophysiology, identification of novel therapeutic targets, and evaluation of new therapeutic strategies.

쥐의 심방 세동 유도를위한 경식도 심방 파열 페이싱

Animal studies have brought important insights into our understanding regarding atrial fibrillation (AF) pathophysiology and therapeutic management. ...

A Model of Long-Term Ventricular Fibrillation in Isolated Rat Hearts

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a fatal arrhythmia with a high incidence in cardiac patients, but VF arrest under perfusion is a neglected method of intraoperative arrest in the field of cardiac surgery. With recent advances in cardiac surgery, the demand for prolonged VF studies under perfusion has increased. However, the field lacks simple, reliable, and reproducible animal models of chronic ventricular fibrillation. This protocol induces long-term VF through alternating current (AC) electrical stimulation of the epicardium. Different conditions were used to induce VF, including continuous stimulation with a low or high voltage to induce long-term VF and stimulation for 5 min with a low or high voltage to induce spontaneous long-term VF. The success rates of the different conditions, as well as the rates of myocardial injury and recovery of cardiac function, were compared. The results showed that continuous low-voltage stimulation induced long-term VF and that 5 min of low-voltage stimulation induced spontaneous long-term VF with mild myocardial injury and a high rate of recovery of cardiac function. However, the low-voltage, continuously stimulated long-term VF model had a higher success rate. High-voltage stimulation provided a higher rate of VF induction but showed a low defibrillation success rate, poor recovery of cardiac function, and severe myocardial injury. On the basis of these results, continuous low-voltage epicardial AC stimulation is recommended for its high success rate, stability, reliability, reproducibility, low impact on cardiac function, and mild myocardial injury.

This protocol presents a model of long-term ventricular fibrillation in rat hearts induced by continuous stimulation with low-voltage alternating current. This model has a high success rate, is stable, reliable, and reproducible, has a low impact on cardiac function, and causes only mild myocardial injury.

고립 된 쥐 심장에서 장기 심실 세동의 모델

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a fatal arrhythmia with a high incidence in cardiac patients, but VF arrest under perfusion is a neglected method of ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>일관된 우측 심부전 유도를 위한 폐동맥 밴딩 최적화(Optimizing Pulmonary Artery Banding)

Rat Model of Right-Sided Cardiac Remodeling and Arrhythmia Using Pulmonary Artery Banding

Clinical conditions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), can lead to chronic right ventricle pressure overload and progressive right heart failure (RHF). RHF can be identified by right-sided cardiac hypertrophy and dilation associated with abnormal myocardial function affecting the RV and the right atrium (RA). We recently demonstrated that severe RHF is accompanied by an increased risk of atrial inflammation, atrial fibrosis, and atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia (CA). Recent studies have shown that RV and RA inflammation plays an important role in the arrhythmogenesis of CA, including AF. However, the impact of inflammation in the development of CA and AF in RHF is poorly described.
Experimental models of RHF are required to better understand the association between right-sided myocardial inflammation and CA. The rat model of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) is well-established to provoke RHF. However, MCT triggers severe pneumo-toxicity and pulmonary inflammation. Hence, MCT-induced RHF does not help to distinguish whether the subsequent myocardial inflammation originates from the RHF per se or circulating inflammatory signals secreted by the injured lung.
In this article, a mechanical method involving pulmonary artery trunk banding (PAB) was used to provoke right-sided cardiac arrhythmogenesis. The PAB consists of performing a permanent suture of the pulmonary artery trunk for 3 weeks. Such an approach generates increased right-sided pressure overload. At D21 post-PAB, the suture results in hypertrophied, dilated, and inflamed RV and RA. The PAB-induced RHF is also accompanied by vulnerability to ventricular and atrial arrhythmias, including AF.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>폐동맥 밴딩을 이용한 우측 심장 리모델링 및 부정맥의 쥐 모델

Right heart failure (RHF) is characterized by right-sided cardiac dilation and hypertrophy, leading to ventricular and atrial malfunction. Cardiopulmonary conditions associated with RHF are accompanied by an increased risk for cardiac arrhythmias. This article describes a standardized model of pulmonary artery banding-induced RHF associated with enhanced ventricular and atrial arrhythmogenesis.