Name: in vitro differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells into functional cardiomyocyte-like cells
Uploaded: 2017-08-09T12:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 9 min 5 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vitro Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Functional Cardiomyocyte-like Cells at JoVE.com

저자는 다음 직원을 감사 하 고 그들의 공헌에 대 한 인사를 연구: 매튜 Librach, 라일라 Maghen, 타 냐 A. Baretto, Shlomit Kenigsberg, 그리고 앙드레 Gauthier 피셔. 이 작품은 온타리오 연구 기금-연구 우수성 (ORF-다시, 라운드 #7)과 만드는 프로그램 i n c.에 의해 지원 되었다

All studies involving animals were conducted and reported according to ARRIVE guidelines48. All studies were performed with institutional research ethics board approval (REB number 454-2011, Sunnybrook Research Institute; REB 29889, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada). All animal procedures were approved by the Animal Care Committee of the University Health Network (Toronto, Canada), and all animals received humane care in compliance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th edition (National Institutes of Health 2011).
1. Tissue Culture
<ol>
	<li>Culture FTM HUCPVCs, term HUCPVCs (previously established, n &#8805; 3 independent lines for each)42 and commercially available BMSCs in alpha-minimum essential medium (MEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and a 1% penicillin/streptomycin (P/S) cocktail. Culture rat primary cardiomyocytes and MSC-cardiomyocyte co-cultures in Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle Medium: Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM-F12) containing 10% FBS and 1% P/S. 
	NOTE: Sterilize the medium using a 0.2-&#181;m filter. Store prepared medium solutions at 4 &#176;C for up to 3 weeks.</li>
	<li>Maintain cell cultures in humidified incubators (95% relative humidity, 37 &#176;C, and 5% CO2) and passage at 70-80% confluency, determined by phase-contrast microscopy. Use appropriate volumes of medium for the size of tissue culture dish used (e.g., 10 mL in a 10-cm dish and 2 mL per well in 6-well tissue culture plate). Use these culture conditions for the duration of the protocol.</li>
	<li>Dissociate MSC monolayers for passaging or MSC-cardiomyocyte co-culture establishment using a dissociation enzyme solution (2 mL/well in a 6-well plate) and incubate at 37 &#176;C for 4 min.</li>
	<li>Transfer the dissociated cells to a 15-mL tube and centrifuge at 400 x g for 5 min.</li>
	<li>Aspirate the supernatant without disrupting the cell pellet and resuspend the cells in 1 mL of a culture medium appropriate for counting using an automated cell counter. Seed the cells as described in the following protocol sections.</li>
</ol>
2. Preparation of Primary Rat Cardiomyocyte-MSC Co-cultures
<ol>
	<li>Obtain heart tissue for primary cardiomyocyte isolation.
	<ol>
		<li>Euthanize rat pups (5-6 days postnatal) using CO2 asphyxiation. Set CO2 chambers to 20% gas replacement (flow rate = 0.2 x chamber volume per min). Confirm exitus by the absence of the pinch reflex.</li>
		<li>Remove the atria with the connecting major blood vessels using sterilized instruments (i.e., forceps and curved scissors)41. Transfer the hearts to 50-mL tubes containing sterile PBS with1% P/S (PBS-P/S) on ice.</li>
		<li>Cut the ventriculi in half and let the blood wash out in a 10-cm dish with 10 mL of PBS-P/S on ice. Cut the ventricular walls into small pieces (diameter = 2-3 mm) using curved scissors.</li>
		<li>Transfer the heart pieces from 10-12 animals to a 50-mL tube using a serological pipette and let them settle.</li>
		<li>Remove as much PBS-P/S as possible without removing any heart pieces. Add 10 mL of new PBS-P/S.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Digest the heart tissue to isolate the cardiomyocytes.
	<ol>
		<li>Allow the heart pieces to settle. Replace the PBS-P/S with 10 mL of 0.15% trypsin in PBS and shake at 37 &#176;C for 10 min.</li>
		<li>Discard the supernatant. Repeat the digestion described in step 2.2.1 three more times, but decant the supernatants into 50-mL collection tubes containing 10 mL of 100% FBS.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Centrifuge the cells (400 x g, 5 min) and aspirate the supernatant. Resuspend the cells in DMEM-F12 containing 10% FBS and 1% P/S and seed onto a 6-well plate (1 x 105 cells/cm2, 2 mL of medium per well).</li>
	<li>After 1 h, transfer the medium containing non-attached cells to a 50-mL tube and discard the attached cells. Count the cells in suspension and re-plate them into new 6-well plates (1 x 105 cells/cm2, 2 mL of DMEM-F12 containing 10% FBS and 1% P/S per well).</li>
	<li>Inhibit cell proliferation with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). 
	Caution: BrdU is a strong teratogen and suspected mutagen. Please ensure proper training is provided and refer to the safety data sheet before use.
	<ol>
		<li>Once cells have attached, replace the medium in the 6-well plate with DMEM-F12 containing 10% FBS, 1% P/S (2 mL of medium per well), and 5 &#181;M BrdU. Incubate for 16 h (37 &#176;C, 5% CO2).</li>
		<li>Remove the BrdU-containing medium and replace with DMEM-F12 containing 10% FBS and 1% P/S (2 mL of medium per well).</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Prepare pre-stained MSCs.
	<ol>
		<li>Once MSC cultures are at 70-80% confluency in 10-cm dishes, remove the culture medium and add 3 mL of cell dissociation solution. Incubate the dish at 37 &#176;C and 5% CO2 for 5 min.</li>
		<li>Transfer the dissociated cells to a 15-mL tube and centrifuge at 400 x g for 5 min.</li>
		<li>Aspirate the supernatant without disrupting the cell pellet and resuspend the cells in 1 mL of DMEM-F12 containing 10% FBS and 1% P/S for counting using an automated cell counter.</li>
		<li>Dilute the cells to a concentration of 1 x 106 MSC/mL of DMEM-F12 containing 10% FBS and 1% P/S.</li>
		<li>Incubate the MSCs with viable, non-transferable fluorescent dye (5 &#181;M, 30 min, 37 &#176;C, 5% CO2) in 1.5-mL centrifuge tubes for 1 h.</li>
		<li>Centrifuge the tubes at 400 x g for 5 min. Aspirate the supernatant and resuspend the pellet in DMEM-F12 containing 10% FBS and 1% P/S for a cell concentration of 1 x 106 MSC/mL. Repeat this a total of 3 times.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Transfer the MSCs onto cardiomyocytes (step 2.5.2) at a concentration of 10 x 104 cells per well of the 6-well plate.</li>
</ol>
3. Preparation of Aggregate Co-cultures
<ol>
	<li>Prepare a single-cell suspension of MSCs (2 x 104 cells/mL of medium, passage # &#8804; 6) in alpha-MEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% P/S (see step 2.6). 
	NOTE: Refer to section 1 of the protocol for the passaging of cells. Alternatively, pre-stain MSCs as per step 2.6.</li>
	<li>Initiate aggregate formation by placing 25-&#181;L drops of cell suspension (500 cells) on the inner surface of the lids of 10-cm tissue culture dishes (up to 50 drops per lid). Place the lids on their bottom counterparts containing PBS-P/S. Incubate at 37 &#176;C and 5% CO2. 
	NOTE: Place 5-7 mL of PBS-P/S into the culture dish below the hanging drops to avoid drop evaporation.</li>
	<li>Observe aggregate formation in the drops after 3 days using a stereomicroscope. If over 40 out of 50 drops contain formed aggregates, collect the drops from the lids using a 1-mL micropipette and transfer the aggregates directly onto primary rat cardiomyocyte monolayers (prepared in steps 2.1-2.7; 10 drops/well). Avoid vigorous pipetting to preserve aggregate integrity.</li>
	<li>Keep aggregate co-cultures in the incubators for up to 2 weeks, changing the full volume of medium (2 mL of DMEM-F12 containing 10% FBS and 1% P/S per well) every 72 h.
	<ol>
		<li>Daily observe aggregates attaching on feeder cell layers using bright-field microscopy. Record contracting aggregates when observed.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Prepare aggregates for analysis.
	<ol>
		<li>Remove the medium and add 2 mL of PBS per well of a 6-well tissue culture dish. Remove the PBS and add 2 mL of dissociation solution per well. Incubate for 3 min at 37 &#176;C and 5% CO2.</li>
		<li>Centrifuge at 400 x g for 5 min to obtain a cell pellet. Resuspend in medium, as specified for the applications described in the subsequent steps (see steps 4.1, 5.1, and 6.1) and pass through a 70-&#181;m cell strainer.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
</ol>
4. Flow Cytometry (FC) and Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting (FACS)
<ol>
	<li>Incubate cell suspensions (1 x 105 cells in 200 &#181;L of PBS containing 3% FBS) with fluorophore-conjugated (FITC or APC) primary antibodies (i.e., CD49f, Cx43, TRA-1-85, HLA-A, HLA-G, and SIRPA for FC or TRA-1-85 for FACS; 1:40) at 4 &#176;C for 30 min, protected from light.</li>
	<li>Centrifuge (400 x g, 5 min) and resuspend the cells in 1 mL of PBS with 3% FBS for FC or PBS with 0.5% FBS for FACS. 
	NOTE: The FC of MSCs was optimized by Hong et al.41.</li>
	<li>Maintain the cells at 4 &#176;C in the dark until they are ready to be analyzed by FC (at least 1 x 104 events) or FACS. Sort the cells as described41. Re-plate TRA-1-85 high-positive sorted cells in 6-well plates (1 x 104 cells/well, 2 mL of DMEM-F12 containing 10% FBS and 1% P/S) within 1 h. 
	NOTE: For the gating strategy of the TRA-1-85 human cell surface antigen, see the Supplementary Figure.</li>
</ol>
5. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and Microscopy
<ol>
	<li>Re-plate the cell suspensions obtained from the co-cultures (step 3.5.2) or FACS (section 4) onto chamber slides (1 x 104 cells/well, 2 mL of DMEM-F12 containing 10% FBS and 1% P/S per well). Let the cells attach overnight in a tissue culture incubator (see section 1 for the conditions).</li>
	<li>Fix the cells using 3 mL of 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) in PBS for 15 min at room temperature. Wash 3 times with 3 mL of PBS containing 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA; PBS-BSA) for 5 min per wash. 
	Caution: Wear appropriate personal protective equipment when handling PFA.</li>
	<li>Permeabilize the cells in 3 mL of PBS-BSA with 0.1% Triton X-100. Incubate at room temperature for 10 min for intracellular antigens (i.e., alpha sarcomeric actinin (aSarc) and Cx43), or 25 min for intra-nuclear antigens (i.e., Mef2c and human nuclear antigen (HuNu)). Wash 3 times with 3 mL of PBS-BSA for 5 min per wash.</li>
	<li>Block the samples against non-specific antibody reactions with 3 mL of PBS containing 5% normal goat serum (NGS) and 1% BSA for 15 min at room temperature. Wash 3 times with 3 mL of PBS-BSA for 5 min per wash.</li>
	<li>Incubate the cells in the primary antibodies (i.e., Mef2c, aSarc, Cx43, and HuNu) diluted 1:200 in 3 mL of PBS-BSA at 4 &#176;C overnight.</li>
	<li>Wash 3 times with 3 mL of PBS-BSA for 5 min per wash and incubate with secondary antibodies for 30 min at room temperature. Wash 3 times with 3 mL of PBS-BSA for 5 min per wash.</li>
	<li>Store the stained specimens in 3 mL of of mounting medium.</li>
	<li>Acquire images using a fluorescence microscope. Use a 10X objective (NA = 0.3), and a 20X objective (NA = 0.45) for lower-magnification imaging. Use fluorescence filter cubes and wavelengths for GFP (ex = 470/22 nm, em = 525/50 nm) and RFP (ex = 531/40 nm, em = 593/40 nm) for the secondary antibodies used (see the Materials and Equipment Table).</li>
	<li>Quantify images using imaging software (see the Materials and Equipment Table for the recommended software). Normalize the fluorescence intensity readings to the secondary control acquisitions.</li>
</ol>
6. RNA Isolation and Quantitative RT-PCR
<ol>
	<li>Prepare RNA samples from undifferentiated MSC cultures or MSCs sorted from co-cultures using column-based RNA isolation, according to the manufacturer&#39;s instructions. Prepare 1 x 104 to 1 x 106 cells in 0.7 mL of cell lysis buffer (provided with the RNA isolation kit) per sample.</li>
	<li>Prepare cDNA from up to 2 &#181;g of RNA per 100-&#181;L RT reaction.</li>
	<li>Perform qPCR using 10 ng of cDNA per reaction (40 cycles, 60 &#176;C annealing/extending temperature).
	<ol>
		<li>Use primers for human MY6H and cTnT in a 500-nM concentration and 1-100 ng of cDNA per reaction (see the Materials and Equipment Table). Use GAPDH, ACTB, and HPRT as internal housekeeping normalizers. Use commercially available human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes as a positive control. 
		NOTE: Express the fold-change of expression compared to undifferentiated MSC-derived cDNA samples.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
</ol>

닥터 클 리 포드 L. Librach는 특허의 공동 소유자: 격리의 첫 번째 임신 탯 조직에서 파생 된 셀의 사용 방법, 캐나다와 호주에 부여.

줄기 세포의 심근 분화 MSC 소스에서 cardiomyocyte 같은 세포를 생성 하는 데 사용 되 고 여러 가지 다른 전략으로 2 년간 개발 되었습니다. 그러나 이러한 전략은,, 많은, 고 사용 조건이 자주 하지는 환경 이식 세포 발생에서 vivo에서의 대표.
기존의 방법 달리 여기에 제시 된 프로토콜 기본 심장 급지대 레이어 및 MSC 집계 형성의 조합을 사용 합니다. 기본 심장 급지대 레이?...

심부 전 (CHF) 병 적 상태와 사망률 전세계의 주요 원인으로 지속합니다. CHF는 종종 cardiomyocytes의 대규모 손실과 심근 경색 (MI)1의 병 적인 결과로 흉터 조직 세포 무료의 개발에 따라 발생 합니다. 마음은 부분적으로 자체 갱신 기관, 풍요로 움과 노인된 환자에서 종종 손상 후 복구에 대 한 부족 한 되는 기능에 거주 줄기와 조상 세포 수영장 크게 조직 재생을 실행에 대 한 책임 감소 한다. 따라서, 손상 된 심근으로 건강 한 기증자 세포의 이식 관련 된 실험적 치료 개발에 큰 관심이입니다. 그것은 기증자 세포 조직, 구조를 복원 뿐만 아니라 또한 영향을 받는 심근의 기능 회복을 달성.
기본 심장 심장 조직-거주자를 고용 하 고 생 골 수 유래 줄기 세포 후 부상에 대 한 복구2,,34. 재생 세포 호스트 및 기증자 파생 모두 해야 합니다 적절 한 표현 형 및 효율적이 고 안전 하 게 손실 된 세포를 대체 하는 능력과 함께 개장 심근의 microenvironment에서 기능 능력을가지고. 차별화 방법 체 외에서 높은 효율, 줄기 세포 기반 cardiomyocyte 생산5,6을 달성 하기 위해 광범위 하 게 사용 되었습니다. 심장 혈통 마커의 식 프로필 심장 계보7으로 줄기 세포 분화 과정을 정의 하는 데 사용 됩니다. 초기 분화 마커, NKX2.5, myocyte 증강 인자 2 C 등 (Mef2c), 및 GATA48,9, cardiomyogenic 프로세스의 개시의 표시 될 수 있습니다. 성숙한 cardiomyocyte 마커 차별화 효능을 평가 하기 위해 일반적으로 사용 되 있으며 신호 규제 단백질 α (SIRPA)10, 심장 분 T (cTnT)11, 무거운 체인 심장 myosin (MYH6)8,,1213, connexin 43 (Cx43)14,,1516. 배아 줄기 세포 (ESCs)와 만능 줄기 세포 (Psc)를 사용 하 여 방법 철저 하 게 최적화 하 고 되었습니다 유도 요인, 산소 및 영양소 그라디언트, 세부 사항 및 작업5,6,7,,1718의 정확한 타이밍에 관한 논의. 그럼에도 불구 하 고, esc 키 및 PSC 기반 기술을 여전히 여러 윤리 및 안전 우려, 차선 electrophysiological 및 면역 기능19,20함께 제시. 종종 이러한 세포와 함께 이식 하는 호스트 immunorejection 경험과 영구 면역 억제 필요. 이것은 주로 중요 한 조직 적합성 복잡 한 (MHC) 분자 호스트에 기증자 및 결과 T 세포 응답21일치. 동안 개별 MHC 종류 I 정합은 가능한 해결책, 더 접근 가능한 임상 연습 immunoprivileged 거절의 우려를 극복 하기 위해 보편적으로 셀 소스를 요구할 것입니다.
특히, BMSCs, 임상 응용, MSCs에서에서 사용에 대 한 대체 셀 소스로 199522에 그들의 초기 설명 이후 조직 재생에 사용 하기 위해 조사 했습니다. MSCs 거주 재생 세포 거의 모든 vascularized 조직23에서 찾을 수 있는 것으로 추정 된다. 원하는 소스에서 격리, 따라 MSCs 문화에 쉽게 확장 될 수 있다, 광범위 한 paracrine 용량 있고 종종 소유 immunoprivileged 또는 immunomodulatory 속성24,25. 그들의 안전과 효능 이미 표시 되었습니다 여러 전 임상 연구에서 특히 심장 재생3,26.
많은 MSC 차별화 전략 변수 효율 5 azacytidine22 와 DMSO27그리고 성장 또는 Bmp5,7,,2829 또는 angiotensin II30, 같은 morphogenic 요인 등의 약리 에이전트를 사용합니다. 그러나 이러한 전략, 기반 하지 순진한 재생 셀은 유도 또는 상해의 위치에 배달 되 고 후 발생할 가능성이 장애물 vivo에서. 더 순수 관련 전략, 더 어려운 동안 정의 및 조작, MSC 차별화 자체 조직 microenvironment에서 신호를 통해 유도 될 수 있다 전제에 기반. 이전 연구 보여주었다 심장 세포 lysates31 또는 심 실 myocardium32,33에 노출 또는 기본 cardiomyocytes 체 외 에서15,34, 접촉 MSCs에서 심장 감 적의 식을 높일 수 있습니다 직접. Cardiomyocytes39,40 BMSCs 융합 초기 심근을 생성 하는 경우, 비록 다른 MSCs35,36,,3738와 심장 부상 치료 후 자연 스러운 cardiomyogenesis를 증명 하고있다. 우리의 지식, 기능, 자발적 계약 cardiomyocytes 조직 소스 (hMSCs) 인간의 MSCs에서 하지 아직 보고 되었습니다.
현재 일치는 모든 MSCs 혈관 주위 세포23에서 발생 하는 것 이다. 영 MSCs pericyte 속성 인간 탯 조직41,,4243의 혈관 주위 지역에서 격리 될 수 있습니다. BMSCs에 비해 HUCPVCs 소유 증가 감 별 법 잠재력 및 다른 여러 재생 장점, 두 생체 외에서41,44 그리고 vivo에서45,46,47. 특히, 산 모-신생아 인터페이스 되는 소스 HUCPVCs는 MSCs의 성인 소스에 비해 상당히 낮은 immunogenicity. 우리의 연구에 초점을 맞추고 특성화 및 FTM HUCPVCs, 조사, MSCs의 막내 소스의 전 임상 응용 프로그램 우리 이전 증식 및 높은 multilineage 증가 표시는 차별화 능력, cardiomyogenic 계보41에 포함 한.
여기, 선물이 MSCs 집계의 완전 한 cardiomyogenic 차별화를 달성 하기 위해 유도 세력 제공 조건에 vivo에서 2D 부착 문화에 비해 더 나은 모델 3D 환경으로 집계 형성과 기본 심장 셀 피더 레이어를 결합 하는 프로토콜. 심장 급지대 레이어를 활용 하 여 MSCs에 대 한 궁극적인 이식 사이트의 대표 하는 환경을 제공 합니다. 사전 또는 출생 탯에서 격리 하는 MSCs의 젊은 소스 형태로 집계를 유지 하면서도 그들의 면역 권한 성인 BMSCs에 비해 심장 형에 도달 하는 높은 능력을가지고 설명 합니다. 심장 혈통 마커 유전자와 세포의 유도 식의 가파른 상승 외 (즉, cTnT와 MYH6) 및 세포 표면 단백질 (즉, SIRPA 및 Cx43) cardiomyocytes에 대 한 특정, 우리 보여 FTM HUCPVCs의 감 별 법 잠재력이이 방법으로 무력화 될 수 있습니다 그리고 그들은 저절로 cardiomyocyte 같은 셀 계약에 상승을 줄 수 있습니다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>0.25% Trypsin/EDTA</td><td>Gibco</td><td>25200056</td><td>For cell dissociation</td></tr><tr><td>Alpha-MEM</td><td>Gibco</td><td>12571071</td><td>For HUCPVC and BMSC culture media.</td></tr><tr><td>PE-conjugated anti-human/mouse CD49f antibody</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>313612</td><td>Integrin marker for FC</td></tr><tr><td>APC-conjugated human Cx43/GJA1 antibody</td><td>R&amp;amp;D Systems</td><td>FAB7737A</td><td>Connexin 43 marker for FC</td></tr><tr><td>FITC-conjugated HLA-A2 antibody</td><td>Genway Biotech Inc.</td><td>GWB-66FBD2</td><td>Immunogenicity marker for FC</td></tr><tr><td>FITC-conjugated anti-HLA-G [MEM-G/9] antibody</td><td>Abcam</td><td>ab7904</td><td>Immunogenicity marker for FC</td></tr><tr><td>FITC-conjugated mouse anti-human SIRPA/CD172a antibody</td><td>AbD Serotec/Bio-Rad</td><td>MCA2518F</td><td>Cardiac marker for FC</td></tr><tr><td>APC-conjugated human TRA-1-85/CD147 antibody</td><td>R&amp;amp;D Systems</td><td>FAB3195A</td><td>Human cell marker for FC and FACS</td></tr><tr><td>FITC-conjugated human TRA-1-85/CD147 antibody</td><td>R&amp;amp;D Systems</td><td>FAB3195F</td><td>Human cell marker for FC and FACS</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-connexin 43/GJA1 antibody</td><td>Abcam</td><td>ab11370</td><td>Cx43. For ICC</td></tr><tr><td>Goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) cross-absorbed secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor 555</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>A-21428</td><td>For ICC</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-sarcomeric alpha actinin [EA-53] antibody</td><td>Abcam</td><td>ab9465</td><td>aSARC. For ICC</td></tr><tr><td>Goat anti-mouse IgM heavy chain cross-absorbed secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor 555</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>A-21426</td><td>For ICC</td></tr><tr><td>Mef2C (D80C1) XP rabbit antibody</td><td>New England BioLabs Ltd.</td><td>5030S</td><td>For ICC</td></tr><tr><td>Donkey anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor 488</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>A-21206</td><td>For ICC</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-nuclei (HuNu) (clone 235-1) antibody</td><td>EMD Millipore</td><td>MAB1281</td><td>For ICC</td></tr><tr><td>MZ9.5 Stereomicroscope</td><td>Leica</td><td></td><td>For imaging aggregates.</td></tr><tr><td>1.5 ml centrifuge microtubes</td><td>Axygen</td><td>MCT-150-C</td><td>For staining MSCs with fluorescent dye.</td></tr><tr><td>ImageJ</td><td></td><td></td><td>Open source image processing software.</td></tr><tr><td>Aria II&amp;nbsp;</td><td>BD</td><td></td><td>UHN SickKids FC Facility. For cell sorting.</td></tr><tr><td>Bone marrow mesechymal stromal cells</td><td>Lonza</td><td>PT-2501</td><td>BMSCs</td></tr><tr><td>Bovine serum albumin</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>A7030-100G</td><td>BSA. To prepare solutions for ICC</td></tr><tr><td>BrdU</td><td>EMD Millipore</td><td>MAB3424</td><td>Caution: BrdU is a strong teratogen and suspected mutagen. Please ensure proper training and refer to the SDS before use.</td></tr><tr><td>Canto II</td><td>BD</td><td></td><td>UHN SickKids FC Facility. For flow cytometry.</td></tr><tr><td>cDNA EcoDry Premix</td><td>Clontech/Takara</td><td>639570</td><td>For preparation of cDNA for qPCR</td></tr><tr><td>CellTracker Green CMFDA Dye</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>C7025</td><td>Fluorescent imaging of cell cytoplasm</td></tr><tr><td>Countess automated cell counter</td><td>Invitrogen Inc.</td><td>C10227</td><td>For cell counting</td></tr><tr><td>DMEM-F12</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>D6421</td><td>For rat primary cardiomyocyte culture medium.</td></tr><tr><td>Dulbecco&#039;s Phosphate Buffered Saline</td><td>Gibco</td><td>10010023</td><td>D-PBS, without Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;, Mg&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>EVOS</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td></td><td>In-house fluorescent microscope</td></tr><tr><td>FACSCalibur</td><td>BD</td><td></td><td>In-house. For flow cytometry.</td></tr><tr><td>Fetal bovine serum (Hyclone)</td><td>GE Healthcare</td><td>SH3039603</td><td>FBS. Component of cell culture medium.</td></tr><tr><td>IDT Prime Time qPCR probes</td><td>Integrated Data Technologies</td><td>FAM fluorophore</td><td>http://www.idtdna.com/pages/products/gene-expression/primetime-qpcr-assays-and-primers</td></tr><tr><td>Lab Vision PermaFluor Aqueous Mounting Medium</td><td>ThermoScientific</td><td>TA-030-FM</td><td>For storage of cells to undergo ICC</td></tr><tr><td>LSR II&amp;nbsp;</td><td>BD</td><td></td><td>UHN SickKids FC Facility. For flow cytometry.</td></tr><tr><td>MoFlo Astrios</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td></td><td>UHN SickKids FC Facility. For cell sorting.</td></tr><tr><td>Normal goat serum</td><td>Cell Signaling Technology</td><td>5425S</td><td>NGS. Used in blocking solution for ICC</td></tr><tr><td>Nunc Lab-Tek II Chamber Coverglass, 8-wells</td><td>Thermo Scientific Nunc</td><td>155409</td><td>To prepare samples for ICC</td></tr><tr><td>OmniPur Triton X-100 Surfactant</td><td>EMD Millipore</td><td>9410-OP</td><td>As a component of permeabilizing solution when preparing cells for ICC</td></tr><tr><td>Paraformaldehyde, 16% Solution, EM Grade</td><td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td><td>15710</td><td>For fixing cells for ICC.</td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin/streptomycin</td><td>Gibco</td><td>15140122</td><td>Component of cell culture medium.</td></tr><tr><td>Primers</td><td>Sigma</td><td>Custom Standard DNA Oligos, Desalted, 0.2 &amp;mu;mol</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;CTnT_F:&lt;/strong&gt; GGC AGC GGA AGA GGA TGC TGA A; &lt;strong&gt;CTnT_R:&lt;/strong&gt; GAG GCA CCA AGT TGG GCA TGA ACG A; &lt;strong&gt;MYH6 F:&lt;/strong&gt; GCA AAG TAC TGG ATG ACA CGC T; &lt;strong&gt;MYH6 R:&lt;/strong&gt; GTC ATT GCT GAA ACC GAG AAT G</td></tr><tr><td>Quorum Spinning Disk Confocal</td><td>Zeiss</td><td></td><td>SickKids Imaging Facility</td></tr><tr><td>ReproCardio hiPS cell derived cardiomyocytes</td><td>ReproCell</td><td>RCD001N</td><td>Positive control for qPCR</td></tr><tr><td>RNeasy mini kit</td><td>Qiagen</td><td>74106</td><td>To isolate RNA for qPCR</td></tr><tr><td>Rotor-Gene SYBR Green PCR Kit</td><td>Qiagen</td><td>204074</td><td>For qPCR with master mix</td></tr><tr><td>RPMI 1640</td><td>Gibco</td><td>A1049101</td><td>For MSC, monocyte coculture medium.</td></tr><tr><td>TaqMan qPCR primer assays</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>4444556</td><td>For qPCR</td></tr><tr><td>Trypan Blue</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>T10282</td><td>Staining of cells for viability and counting</td></tr><tr><td>Trypsin</td><td>Gibco</td><td>272500108</td><td>For cell dissociation</td></tr><tr><td>Volocity</td><td>Perkin-Elmer</td><td>Volocity 6.3</td><td>Imaging software</td></tr><tr><td>0.2 &amp;mu;m pore filter</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>566-0020</td><td>For sterilizing tissue culture media</td></tr><tr><td>HERAcell 150i CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Incubator</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>51026410</td><td>For incubating cells</td></tr><tr><td>Dulbecco&#039;s phosphate buffered saline</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>D8537</td><td>PBS. 1X, Without calcium chloride and magnesium chloride</td></tr><tr><td>Forceps</td><td>Almedic</td><td>7727-A10-704</td><td>For handing rat heart. Can use any similar forceps.</td></tr><tr><td>Scissors</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>14059-11</td><td>For mincing rat heart. Curved scissors recommended.</td></tr><tr><td>50 mL tube</td><td>BD Falcon</td><td>352070</td><td>For collection during cardiomyocyte collection and general tissue culture procedures</td></tr><tr><td>15 mL tube</td><td>BD Falcon</td><td>352096</td><td>For general tissue culture procedures</td></tr><tr><td>6-well plates</td><td>Thermo Scientific Nunc</td><td>CA73520-906</td><td>For tissue culture</td></tr><tr><td>10 cm tissue culture dishes</td><td>Corning</td><td>25382-428</td><td>For aggregate formation</td></tr><tr><td>Axiovert 40C Microscope</td><td>Zeiss</td><td></td><td>For bright-field imaging through out tissue culture and the rest of the protocol</td></tr><tr><td>70 &amp;mu;m cell strainer</td><td>Fisherbrand</td><td>22363548</td><td>To ensure a single cell suspension before flow cytometry or sorting</td></tr><tr><td>Triton X-100</td><td>EMD Millipore</td><td>9410-1L</td><td>Used in permeabilization solution for ICC</td></tr><tr><td>Hoechst 33342</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>H1399</td><td>Stain used during visualization of Cx43 localization</td></tr></tbody></table>

in vitro differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells into functional cardiomyocyte-like cells

심근 경색과 이후 허 혈 성 캐스케이드 congestive 심장 마비, 전세계 사망률의 주요 원인으로 이어지는 cardiomyocytes의 광범위 한 손실 될. 중간 엽 줄기 세포 (MSCs)는 현재, 침략 적 기술을 대체 하 세포 기반 치료를 위한 유망한 옵션입니다. MSCs 엽 계보, 심장 세포 유형, 등으로 분화 할 수 있다 하지만 기능 세포로 완전 한 차별화가 아직 달성 하지. 차별화의 이전 방법 약리학 대리인 또는 성장 요인에 근거 했다. 그러나, 더 순수 관련 전략 cardiomyogenic 변환을 MSCs를 사용할 수도 있습니다. 여기, 우리가 cardiomyocyte 같은 계약 셀 생산 cardiomyocyte 급지대 레이어에 MSC 집계를 사용 하 여 차별화 방법 제시.
인간 탯 줄 혈관 주위 세포 (HUCPVCs) 보다 잠재적인 큰 차별화를가지고 표시 되었습니다 일반적으로 MSC 종류, 골 MSCs (BMSCs) 등을 조사. Ontogenetically 젊은 소스로 서, 우리는 이전 소스에 비해 첫 삼분기 (FTM) HUCPVCs의 cardiomyogenic 잠재력 조사. FTM HUCPVCs는 그들의 utero immunoprivileged 속성 경작 하는 때 유지 하는 MSCs의 소설, 풍부한 소스 생체 외에서. 이 분화 프로토콜, FTM 및 용어를 사용 하 여 (즉, myocyte 증강 2 C, 심장 분 T, 무거운 체인 심장 myosin, 신호 규제 단백질 α, 비율과 connexin 43) cardiomyocyte 마커의 증가 식에 표시 된 대로 HUCPVCs BMSCs에 비해 크게 증가 cardiomyogenic 차별화를 달성. 그들은 또한 그들의 더 낮은 HLA A 식 및 높은 HLA-G 식 시연으로 상당히 낮은 immunogenicity를 유지. 잠재력과 셀 클러스터 심장 급지대 레이어에 공동 문화의 1 주 안에 계약, 그렇게 할 첫 번째 MSC 종류 되 고 생성 된 집계 기반 차별화 적용, FTM HUCPVCs 증가 집계 형성을 보였다.
우리의 결과이 차별화 전략 효과적으로 FTM HUCPVCs 같은 젊은 MSCs의 cardiomyogenic 잠재력을 활용 하는 체 외에서 사전 차별화 그들의 재생 효능 비보를 증가 하는 잠재적인 전략 될 수 보여줍니다.

HUCPVCs Display Higher Aggregate-formation Potential and CD49f Expression Levels Compared to BMSCs:
To induce the differentiation of hMSCs (i.e., FTM HUCPVCs, term HUCPVCs, and BMSCs), single-cell suspensions of undifferentiated MSCs or MSC-containing hanging drops (Table 1) were transferred onto rat primary cardiomyocyte monolayers to establish direct co-cultures or aggregate co-cultur...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vitro Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Functional Cardiomyocyte-like Cells at JoVE.com

In Vitro Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Functional Cardiomyocyte-like Cells

여기, 우리는 기능, 계약, cardiomyocyte 같은 세포를 생성 하기 위해서는 인간 중간 엽 줄기 세포의 젊은 소스의 심장 감 별 법 잠재력을 효율적으로 활용 하는 방법을 제시 생체 외에서.

생체 외에서 기능 Cardiomyocyte-같은 세포로 인간 중간 엽 줄기 세포의 분화

Myocardial infarction and the subsequent ischemic cascade result in the extensive loss of cardiomyocytes, leading to congestive heart failure, the leading ...

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Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

In Vitro Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Functional Cardiomyocyte-like Cells

10.9K 조회수.  Create Fertility Centre. 여기, 우리는 기능, 계약, cardiomyocyte 같은 세포를 생성 하기 위해서는 인간 중간 엽 줄기 세포의 젊은 소스의 심장 감 별 법 잠재력을 효율적으로 활용 하는 방법을 제시 생체 외에서.

비디오: In Vitro Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Functional Cardiomyocyte-like Cells

Derivation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells

Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have the capacity to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells (SMC), and endothelial cells and hold great promise in cell therapy against heart disease. Among various methods to isolate CPCs, differentiation of embryonic stem cell (ESC) into CPCs attracts great attention in the field since ESCs can provide unlimited cell source. As a result, numerous strategies have been developed to derive CPCs from ESCs. In this protocol, differentiation and purification of embryonic CPCs from both mouse and human ESCs is described. Due to the difficulty of using cell surface markers to isolate embryonic CPCs, ESCs are engineered with fluorescent reporters activated by CPC-specific cre recombinase expression. Thus, CPCs can be enriched by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). This protocol illustrates procedures to form embryoid bodies (EBs) from ESCs for CPC specification and enrichment. The isolated CPCs can be subsequently cultured for cardiac lineage differentiation and other biological assays. This protocol is optimized for robust and efficient derivation of CPCs from both mouse and human ESCs.

In this protocol, derivation of cardiac progenitor cells from both mouse and human embryonic stem cells will be illustrated. A major strategy in this protocol is to enrich cardiac progenitor cells with flow cytometry using fluorescent reporters engineered into the embryonic stem cell lines.

배아 줄기 세포에서 심장 전구 세포의 유도

Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have the capacity to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells (SMC), and endothelial cells and hold great ...

연구

발생학

Derivation of Highly Purified Cardiomyocytes from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Small Molecule-modulated Differentiation and Subsequent Glucose Starvation

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have become an important cell source to address the lack of primary cardiomyocytes available for basic research and translational applications. To differentiate hiPSCs into cardiomyocytes, various protocols including embryoid body (EB)-based differentiation and growth factor induction have been developed. However, these protocols are inefficient and highly variable in their ability to generate purified cardiomyocytes. Recently, a small molecule-based protocol utilizing modulation of Wnt/&#946;-Catenin signaling was shown to promote cardiac differentiation with high efficiency. With this protocol, greater than 50%-60% of differentiated cells were cardiac troponin-positive cardiomyocytes were consistently observed. To further increase cardiomyocyte purity, the differentiated cells were subjected to glucose starvation to specifically eliminate non-cardiomyocytes based on the metabolic differences between cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes. Using this selection strategy, we consistently obtained a greater than 30% increase in the ratio of cardiomyocytes to non-cardiomyocytes in a population of differentiated cells. These highly purified cardiomyocytes should enhance the reliability of results from human iPSC-based in vitro disease modeling studies and drug screening assays.

Here, we describe a robust protocol for human cardiomyocyte derivation that combines small molecule-modulated cardiac differentiation and glucose deprivation-mediated cardiomyocyte purification, enabling production of purified cardiomyocytes for the purposes of cardiovascular disease modeling and drug screening.

작은 분자 변조 차별화 및 후속 포도당 기아을 사용하여 인간 유도 만능 줄기 세포에서 고도로 정제 된 심근 세포의 유도

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have become an important cell source to address the lack of primary cardiomyocytes ...

Differentiation of Atrial Cardiomyocytes from Pluripotent Stem Cells Using the BMP Antagonist Grem2

Protocols for generating populations of cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells have been developed, but these generally yield cells of mixed phenotypes. Researchers interested in pursuing studies involving specific myocyte subtypes require a more directed differentiation approach. By treating mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells with Grem2, a secreted BMP antagonist that is necessary for atrial chamber formation in vivo, a large number of cardiac cells with an atrial phenotype can be generated. Use of the engineered Myh6-DSRed-Nuc pluripotent stem cell line allows for identification, selection, and purification of cardiomyocytes. In this protocol embryoid bodies are generated from Myh6-DSRed-Nuc cells using the hanging drop method and kept in suspension until differentiation day 4 (d4). At d4 cells are treated with Grem2 and plated onto gelatin coated plates. Between d8-d10 large contracting areas are observed in the cultures and continue to expand and mature through d14. Molecular, histological and electrophysiogical analyses indicate cells in Grem2-treated cells acquire atrial-like characteristics providing an in vitro model to study the biology of atrial cardiomyocytes and their response to various pharmacological agents.

Generating cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells in vitro allows access to large amounts of cardiac tissue in vitro for basic science and clinical applications. This protocol uses the atrializing factor Grem2 to both increase the numbers of cardiomyocytes obtained and to generate cardiomyocytes with an atrial phenotype.

BMP 길항제 Grem2를 사용하여 다 능성 줄기 세포에서 심방 심근의 차별화

Protocols for generating populations of cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells have been developed, but these generally yield cells of mixed ...

In vitro Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem (mES) Cells Using the Hanging Drop Method

Stem cells have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential to either remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, This promising of science is leading scientists to investigate the possibility of cell-based therapies to treat disease.

When culture in suspension without antidifferentiation factors, embryonic stem cells spontaneously differentiate and form three-dimensional multicellular aggregates. These cell aggregates are called embryoid bodies(EB). Hanging drop culture is a widely used EB formation induction method. The rounded bottom of hanging drop allows the aggregation of ES cells which can provide mES cells a good environment for forming EBs. The number of ES cells aggregatied in a hanging drop can be controlled by varying the number of cells in the initial cell suspension to be hung as a drop from the lid of Petri dish. Using this method we can reproducibly form homogeneous EBs from a predetermined number of ES cells. 

In vitro Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem mES Cells Using the Hanging Drop Method

This video demonstrates how to conduct in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells to embryoid bodies using the hanging drop method.

공중 드롭 방법을 사용하여 마우스 배아 줄기 (MES) 세포의 체외 차별에

Stem cells have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential to either ...

생물학

Electrophysiological Analysis of human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) Using Multi-electrode Arrays (MEAs)

Cardiomyocytes can now be derived with high efficiency from both human embryonic and human induced-Pluripotent Stem Cells (hPSC). hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) are increasingly recognized as having great value for modeling cardiovascular diseases in humans, especially arrhythmia syndromes. They have also demonstrated relevance as in vitro systems for predicting drug responses, which makes them potentially useful for drug-screening and discovery, safety pharmacology and perhaps eventually for personalized medicine. This would be facilitated by deriving hPSC-CMs from patients or susceptible individuals as hiPSCs. For all applications, however, precise measurement and analysis of hPSC-CM electrical properties are essential for identifying changes due to cardiac ion channel mutations and/or drugs that target ion channels and can cause sudden cardiac death. Compared with manual patch-clamp, multi-electrode array (MEA) devices offer the advantage of allowing medium- to high-throughput recordings. This protocol describes how to dissociate 2D cell cultures of hPSC-CMs to small aggregates and single cells and plate them on MEAs to record their spontaneous electrical activity as field potential. Methods for analyzing the recorded data to extract specific parameters, such as the QT and the RR intervals, are also described here. Changes in these parameters would be expected in hPSC-CMs carrying mutations responsible for cardiac arrhythmias and following addition of specific drugs, allowing detection of those that carry a cardiotoxic risk.

Electrophysiological Analysis of human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Cardiomyocytes hPSC-CMs Using Multi-electrode Arrays MEAs

Electrophysiological characterization of cardiomyocytes derived from human Pluripotent Stem Cells (hPSC-CMs) is crucial for cardiac disease modeling and for determining drug responses. This protocol provides the necessary information to dissociate and plate hPSC-CMs on multi-electrode arrays, measure their field potential, and a method for analyzing QT and RR intervals.

다중 전극 배열 (MEAs)을 이용한 인간 다 능성 줄기 세포 유래 심근 세포 (hPSC-CMs)의 전기 생리 학적 분석

Cardiomyocytes can now be derived with high efficiency from both human embryonic and human induced-Pluripotent Stem Cells (hPSC). hPSC-derived ...

Construction of Defined Human Engineered Cardiac Tissues to Study Mechanisms of Cardiac Cell Therapy

Human cardiac tissue engineering can fundamentally impact therapeutic discovery through the development of new species-specific screening systems that replicate the biofidelity of three-dimensional native human myocardium, while also enabling a controlled level of biological complexity, and allowing non-destructive longitudinal monitoring of tissue contractile function. Initially, human engineered cardiac tissues (hECT) were created using the entire cell population obtained from directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells, which typically yielded less than 50% cardiomyocytes. However, to create reliable predictive models of human myocardium, and to elucidate mechanisms of heterocellular interaction, it is essential to accurately control the biological composition in engineered tissues. 
To address this limitation, we utilize live cell sorting for the cardiac surface marker SIRP&#945; and the fibroblast marker CD90 to create tissues containing a 3:1 ratio of these cell types, respectively, that are then mixed together and added to a collagen-based matrix solution. Resulting hECTs are, thus, completely defined in both their cellular and extracellular matrix composition.
Here we describe the construction of defined hECTs as a model system to understand mechanisms of cell-cell interactions in cell therapies, using an example of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) that are currently being used in human clinical trials. The defined tissue composition is imperative to understand how the hMSCs may be interacting with the endogenous cardiac cell types to enhance tissue function. A bioreactor system is also described that simultaneously cultures six hECTs in parallel, permitting more efficient use of the cells after sorting.

This manuscript describes the creation of defined engineered cardiac tissues using surface marker expression and cell sorting. The defined tissues can then be used in a multi-tissue bioreactor to investigate mechanisms of cardiac cell therapy in order to provide a functional, yet controlled, model system of the human heart.

정의 인간 공학 심장 조직의 건설 심장 세포 치료의 메커니즘을 연구하는

Human cardiac tissue engineering can fundamentally impact therapeutic discovery through the development of new species-specific screening systems that ...

생체공학

Generation and Expansion of Human Cardiomyocytes from Patient Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Generating patient-specific cardiomyocytes from a single blood draw has attracted tremendous interest in precision medicine on cardiovascular disease. Cardiac differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is modulated by defined signaling pathways that are essential for embryonic heart development. Numerous cardiac differentiation methods on 2-D and 3-D platforms have been developed with various efficiencies and cardiomyocyte yield. This has puzzled investigators outside the field as the variety of these methods can be difficult to follow. Here we present a comprehensive protocol that elaborates robust generation and expansion of patient-specific cardiomyocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We first describe a high-efficiency iPSC reprogramming protocol from a patient&#39;s blood sample using non-integration Sendai virus vectors. We then detail a small molecule-mediated monolayer differentiation method that can robustly produce beating cardiomyocytes from most human iPSC lines. In addition, a scalable cardiomyocyte expansion protocol is introduced using a small molecule (CHIR99021) that could rapidly expand patient-derived cardiomyocytes for industrial- and clinical-grade applications. At the end, detailed protocols for molecular identification and electrophysiological characterization of these iPSC-CMs are depicted. We expect this protocol to be pragmatic for beginners with limited knowledge on cardiovascular development and stem cell biology.

Here, we present a protocol to robustly generate and expand human cardiomyocytes from patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

환자 말초 혈액 단핵 세포에서 인간 심근세포의 생성 및 확장

Generating patient-specific cardiomyocytes from a single blood draw has attracted tremendous interest in precision medicine on cardiovascular disease. ...

Efficient Derivation of Human Cardiac Precursors and Cardiomyocytes from Pluripotent Human Embryonic Stem Cells with Small Molecule Induction

To date, the lack of a suitable human cardiac cell source has been the major setback in regenerating the human myocardium, either by cell-based transplantation or by cardiac tissue engineering1-3. Cardiomyocytes become terminally-differentiated soon after birth and lose their ability to proliferate. There is no evidence that stem/progenitor cells derived from other sources, such as the bone marrow or the cord blood, are able to give rise to the contractile heart muscle cells following transplantation into the heart1-3. The need to regenerate or repair the damaged heart muscle has not been met by adult stem cell therapy, either endogenous or via cell delivery1-3. The genetically stable human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have unlimited expansion ability and unrestricted plasticity, proffering a pluripotent reservoir for in vitro derivation of large supplies of human somatic cells that are restricted to the lineage in need of repair and regeneration4,5. Due to the prevalence of cardiovascular disease worldwide and acute shortage of donor organs, there is intense interest in developing hESC-based therapies as an alternative approach. However, how to channel the wide differentiation potential of pluripotent hESCs efficiently and predictably to a desired phenotype has been a major challenge for both developmental study and clinical translation. Conventional approaches rely on multi-lineage inclination of pluripotent cells through spontaneous germ layer differentiation, resulting in inefficient and uncontrollable lineage-commitment that is often followed by phenotypic heterogeneity and instability, hence, a high risk of tumorigenicity6-8 (see a schematic in Fig. 1A). In addition, undefined foreign/animal biological supplements and/or feeders that have typically been used for the isolation, expansion, and differentiation of hESCs may make direct use of such cell-specialized grafts in patients problematic9-11. To overcome these obstacles, we have resolved the elements of a defined culture system necessary and sufficient for sustaining the epiblast pluripotence of hESCs, serving as a platform for de novo derivation of clinically-suitable hESCs and effectively directing such hESCs uniformly towards clinically-relevant lineages by small molecules12 (see a schematic in Fig. 1B). After screening a variety of small molecules and growth factors, we found that such defined conditions rendered nicotinamide (NAM) sufficient to induce the specification of cardiomesoderm direct from pluripotent hESCs that further progressed to cardioblasts that generated human beating cardiomyocytes with high efficiency (Fig. 2). We defined conditions for induction of cardioblasts direct from pluripotent hESCs without an intervening multi-lineage embryoid body stage, enabling well-controlled efficient derivation of a large supply of human cardiac cells across the spectrum of developmental stages for cell-based therapeutics.

We have established a protocol for induction of cardioblasts direct from pluripotent human embryonic stem cells maintained under defined conditions with small molecules, which enables derivation of a large supply of human cardiac progenitors and functional cardiomyocytes for cardiovascular repair.

작은 분자와 유도 Pluripotent 인간 배아 줄기 세포로부터 인간 심장 엽 성의 전구 물질과 Cardiomyocytes의 효율 유도

To date, the lack of a suitable human cardiac cell source has been the major setback in regenerating the human myocardium, either by cell-based ...

Generation of Human Cardiomyocytes: A Differentiation Protocol from Feeder-free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

In order to investigate the events driving heart development and to determine the molecular mechanisms leading to myocardial diseases in humans, it is essential first to generate functional human cardiomyocytes (CMs). The use of these cells in drug discovery and toxicology studies would also be highly beneficial, allowing new pharmacological molecules for the treatment of cardiac disorders to be validated pre-clinically on cells of human origin. Of the possible sources of CMs, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are among the most promising, as they can be derived directly from readily accessible patient tissue and possess an intrinsic capacity to give rise to all cell types of the body 1. Several methods have been proposed for differentiating iPS cells into CMs, ranging from the classical embryoid bodies (EBs) aggregation approach to chemically defined protocols 2,3. In this article we propose an EBs-based protocol and show how this method can be employed to efficiently generate functional CM-like cells from feeder-free iPS cells.

Pluripotent stem cells, either embryonic or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, constitute a valuable source of human differentiated cells, including cardiomyocytes. Here, we will focus on cardiac induction of iPS cells, showing how to use them to obtain functional human cardiomyocytes through an embryoid bodies-based protocol.

인간의 Cardiomyocytes의 생성 : 피더없는 인간 유도 만능 줄기 세포에서 분화 프로토콜

In order to investigate the events driving heart development and to determine the molecular mechanisms leading to myocardial diseases in humans, it is ...

Generation of Ventricular-Like HiPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes and High-Quality Cell Preparations for Calcium Handling Characterization

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) provide a valuable human source for studying the basic science of calcium (Ca2+) handling and signaling pathways as well as high-throughput drug screening and toxicity assays. Herein, we provide a detailed description of the methodologies used to generate high-quality iPSC-CMs that can consistently reproduce molecular and functional characteristics across different cell lines. Additionally, a method is described to reliably assess their functional characterization through the evaluation of Ca2+ handling properties. Low oxygen (O2) conditions, lactate selection, and prolonged time in culture produce high-purity and high-quality ventricular-like cardiomyocytes. Similar to isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes (ARCMs), 3-month-old iPSC-CMs exhibit higher Ca2+ amplitude, faster rate of Ca2+ reuptake (decay-tau), and a positive lusitropic response to &#946;-adrenergic stimulation compared to day 30 iPSC-CMs. The strategy is technically simple, cost-effective, and reproducible. It provides a robust platform to model cardiac disease and for the large-scale drug screening to target Ca2+ handling proteins.

Here we describe and validate a method to consistently generate robust human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and characterize their function. These techniques may help in developing mechanistic insight into signaling pathways, provide a platform for large-scale drug screening, and reliably model cardiac diseases.

칼슘 취급 특성화를 위한 심실 유사 HiPSC 유래 심근세포 및 고품질 세포 제제 의 생성

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) provide a valuable human source for studying the basic science of calcium (Ca2+) ...