IR은 아즈 재단 박사 친목 수상에 대 한 감사.

<ol>
	<li>Koski, K. J., Akhenblit, P., McKiernan, K., Yarger, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Non-invasive+determination+of+the+complete+elastic+moduli+of+spider+silks.">Non-invasive determination of the complete elastic moduli of spider silks.</a> Nat. Mater. 12 (3), 262-267 (2013).</li><li>Palombo, F., Madami, M., Stone, N., Fioretto, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanical+mapping+with+chemical+specificity+by+confocal+Brillouin+and+Raman+microscopy.">Mechanical mapping with chemical specificity by confocal Brillouin and Raman microscopy.</a> Analyst. 139 (4), 729-733 (2014).</li><li>Scarcelli, G., Yun, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+Brillouin+optical+microscopy+of+the+human+eye.">In vivo Brillouin optical microscopy of the human eye.</a> Opt. Exp. 20 (8), 9197-9202 (2012).</li><li>Scarcelli, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Noncontact+three-dimensional+mapping+of+intracellular+hydromechanical+properties+by+Brillouin+microscopy.">Noncontact three-dimensional mapping of intracellular hydromechanical properties by Brillouin microscopy.</a> Nat. Methods. 12 (12), 1132-1134 (2015).</li><li>Traverso, A. J., Thompson, J. V., Steelman, Z. A., Meng, Z., Scully, M. O., Yakovlev, V. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dual+Raman-Brillouin+microscope+for+chemical+and+mechanical+characterization+and+imaging.">Dual Raman-Brillouin microscope for chemical and mechanical characterization and imaging.</a> Anal. Chem. 87 (15), 7519-7523 (2015).</li><li>Antonacci, G., Foreman, M. R., Paterson, C., T&#246;r&#246;k, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spectral+broadening+in+Brillouin+imaging.">Spectral broadening in Brillouin imaging.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 (22), 221105 (2013).</li><li>Antonacci, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantification+of+plaque+stiffness+by+Brillouin+microscopy+in+experimental+thin+cap+fibroatheroma.">Quantification of plaque stiffness by Brillouin microscopy in experimental thin cap fibroatheroma.</a> J. R. Soc. Interface. 12 (112), 20150483 (2015).</li><li>Grubbs, W. T., MacPhail, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+resolution+stimulated+Brillouin+gain+spectrometer.">High resolution stimulated Brillouin gain spectrometer.</a> Rev. Sci. Instrum. 65 (1), 34-41 (1994).</li><li>Ballmann, C. W., Thompson, J. V., Traverso, A. J., Meng, Z., Scully, M. O., Yakovlev, V. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stimulated+Brillouin+scattering+microscopic+imaging.">Stimulated Brillouin scattering microscopic imaging.</a> Sci Rep. 5, 18139 (2015).</li><li>Remer, I., Bilenca, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Background-free+Brillouin+spectroscopy+in+scattering+media+at+780+nm+via+stimulated+Brillouin+scattering.">Background-free Brillouin spectroscopy in scattering media at 780 nm via stimulated Brillouin scattering.</a> Opt. Lett. 41 (5), 926-929 (2016).</li><li>Remer, I., Bilenca, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-speed+stimulated+Brillouin+scattering+spectroscopy+at+780+nm.">High-speed stimulated Brillouin scattering spectroscopy at 780 nm.</a> APL Photonics. 1 (6), 061301 (2016).</li><li>She, C. Y., Moosm&#252;ller, H., Herring, G. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coherent+light+scattering+spectroscopy+for+supersonic+flow+measurements.">Coherent light scattering spectroscopy for supersonic flow measurements.</a> Appl. Phys. B-Lasers O. 46 (4), 283-297 (1988).</li><li>Fiore, A., Zhang, j., Peng Shao, ., Yun, S. H., Scarcelli, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-extinction+virtually+imaged+phased+array-based+Brillouin+spectroscopy+of+turbid+biological+media.">High-extinction virtually imaged phased array-based Brillouin spectroscopy of turbid biological media.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 108 (20), 203701 (2016).</li></ol>

저자는 공개 없다.

그림 1에 표시 된 시스템, 물 샘플의 배치를 용이 하 게 하는 광학 테이블에 수직으로 거치 될 수 있다 18 "x 24" 브레드보드는에 건설 하도록 설계 되었습니다. 결과적으로, 그것은 강력 하 게 모든 광학 및 기계 요소를 강화 하 고 펌프 및 프로브 광속 선적 및 꺼짐-축 형상에 샘플을 조명 하기 전에 다양 한 요소와 동심 인지 확인 하는 것이 중요.
신호를 얻이 자극된...

자연 스러운 브 릴 루 앵 분광학에에서 설립 되었습니다, 액체, 등 부드러운 재료의 기계적 분석에 대 한 귀중 한 접근 방식으로 최근 몇 년 동안 진짜 조직, 조직 환영 및 생물 세포1,2, 3,,45,,67. 이 방법에서는, 단일 레이저 조명 샘플 하 고는 inelastically 매체에 자발적인 열 음향 파도에서 흩어져 빛 샘플의 점 탄성 특성에 유용한 정보를 제공 하는 분석기에 의해 수집 됩니다. 자발적인 브 릴 루 앵 스펙트럼 음향 스톡 및 소재의 반대로 스톡 공명 두 브 릴 루 앵 봉우리와 레일리 피크 (탄력적 흩어져 빛) 때문에 조명 레이저 주파수에 포함 되어 있습니다. 브 릴 루 앵 backscattering 형상에 대 한 브 릴 루 앵 주파수 조명 레이저 주파수에서 여러 g h z로 이동 하 고 수백 MHz의 스펙트럼 폭.
최근의 기술 진보에 거의 위상 배열 (VIPA) 몇 군데 동안 Fabry 페로 분석기를 스캐닝의 시스템 소프트 문제1,2자발적인 브 릴 루 앵 스펙트럼을 얻기 위한 선택, 분석기는 적절 한 스펙트럼 해상도 (하위-g h z)3,,45,,67훨씬 빠른 (초) 브 릴 루 앵 측정을 사용할 수 있습니다. 이 프로토콜에서는 계의 다른, 고속, 높은 스펙트럼 분해능, 정확한 브 릴 루 앵 비 탁 하 고 혼 탁 한에서 continuous-wave-자극-브 릴 루 앵-산란 (CW-SBS) 빛의 검출에 따라 건설 소개 거의 다시 산란 기에 샘플입니다.
CW-SBS 분광학, 연속파 (CW) 펌프와 프로브 레이저, 약간 주파수에 detuned 청각 파를 자극 하는 샘플에 겹칩니다. 펌프 및 프로브 광속의 주파수 차이 일치 하는 자료의 특정 음향 공명, 증폭 또는 프로브 신호의 deamplification에 의해 제공 됩니다 자극된 브 릴 루 앵 이득 또는 손실 (SBG/SBL) 프로세스, 각각; 그렇지 않으면, 아무 SBS (de) 증폭8,,910,11을 발생합니다. 따라서, SBG (SBL) 스펙트럼 소재 브 릴 루 앵 공명을 통해 레이저의 주파수 차이 검색 하 고 증가 (감소), 검출에 의해 취득 될 수 있다 또는 이득 (손실), 프로브 강도 SBS 때문에. 달리 자발적인 브 릴 루 앵 산란에서 탄성 산란 배경은 기본적으로 결 석 브 릴 루 앵 대조에 필요한 VIPA로 레일리 거부 필터 없이 탁 하 고 혼 탁 한 비 샘플에서 사용 하는 SBS에서 분석기10,11,13.
CW-SBS 분석기의 주요 구성 요소는 펌프와 프로브 레이저와 자극된 브 릴 루 앵 이득/손실 검출기 있습니다. 높은 스펙트럼 분해능, 고속 CW-SBS 분광학, 레이저 해야 단일 주파수 (&#60; 10 MHz 선 폭) 충분히 넓은 파장 tunability (20-30 g h z)와 스캔 속도 (&#62; 200 g h z/s), 장기 주파수 안정성 (&#60; 50 MHz/h)와 낮은 강도 잡음. 또한, 선형 편광, 회절 제한 레이저 몇 백의 힘을 가진 광선 (수만) 샘플에 mW의 펌프 (프로브) 빔에 대 한 필요는. 마지막으로, 부드러운 문제에 약한 뒤 자극된 브 릴 루 앵 이득/손실 (SBG/SBL) 수준 (10-5 -10-6)를 안정적으로 감지 하 자극된 브 릴 루 앵 이득/손실 검출기를 설계 한다. 이러한 요구에 맞게, 우리는 분산된 피드백 (DFB) 다이오드 레이저 편광을 유지 하기 위해 결합을 선택 울트라-협대역 원자를 결합 하는 자극된 브 릴 루 앵 이득/손실 검출기 함께 섬유 증기 노치 필터 및 높은 주파수 단일 변조 잠금 증폭기 그림 1에서 그림으로. 이 탐지 체계는 원하는 SBG 신호는 포함된11프로브 강도, 노이즈를 크게 줄이면서 SBG 신호 강도 두배로 한다. 우리의 SBS 분석기에 사용 된 원자 증기 노치 필터의 역할은 감소 모두 감지 VIPA 분석기에서 탄성 산란 배경 보다는 크게 원치 않는 길 잃은 펌프 반사의 탐지를 줄이기 위해 note 자발적인 레일리와 브 릴 루 앵 흩어져 빛. 아래 상세한 프로토콜을 사용 하 여, CW-SBS 분석기 건설할 수 있다 SBG 레벨 10-6 에서 낮은 물과 조직 팬텀의 전송 스펙트럼을 취득의 기능 &#60; 35 MHz 브 릴 루 앵 시프트 측정 정밀도 및 100 밀리초 안에.
<img alt="Figure 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/55527/55527fig1.jpg"> 
그림 1: 연속파 자극 브 릴 루 앵 산란 (CW-SBS) 분석기. 2 연속파 펌프와 프로브 다이오드 레이저 (DL), 주파수 샘플의 브 릴 루 앵 shift 주위 detuned는 결합 분극-유지 싱글 모드 섬유에 지닌 C1 와 C2, 각각. 펌프-프로브 주파수 차이 섬유 스플리터 (FS), 빠른 매칭 (FPD)와 주파수 카운터 (FC)의 집합을 사용 하 여 펌프와 프로브 레이저에서 벗 겨 서 까 래 사이의 비트 주파수를 감지 하 여 측정 됩니다. S-편광 프로브 빔 (라이트 레드), Keplerian 빔 익 스팬 더 (L1 와 L2)는 바로 원형으로 분기 웨이브 플레이트 (λ1/4)에 의해 편광을 사용 하 여 확장 하 고 achromatic 렌즈 (L3)에 의해 샘플 (S)에 집중. 효과적인 SBS 상호 작용 및 광학 절연을 위해 Keplerian 빔 확장기 (L5 와 L6)를 사용 하 여 확장 펌프 빔 (딥 레드)은 먼저 P-편광 반 파 판 λ2/4를 사용 하 여), 편광을 통해 전송 빔 스플리터 (PBS), 그리고 마지막으로 왼쪽 원형으로 분기 웨이브 플레이트 (λ2/4)에 의해 편광 이며 achromatic 렌즈 (L4, L3와 동일) 샘플에 초점을 맞춘. Note는 펌프 및 프로브 광속 거의 반대 전파 샘플에서 하 고는 S 지향 편광판 (P) 프로브 입력에서 P-편광 펌프 빔 (λ1/4에서 나오는)를 방지 하기 위해 사용 된 레이저. 잠금 검색, 펌프 빔 사인 fm acousto 광학 변조기 (AOM)에서 조절 된다. SBG 신호를 주파수 fm 에서 강도 편차로 각 성 (삽입 참조)와 복조한 잠금 증폭기 (LIA) 큰 영역 포토 다이오드 (PD)에 의해 감지에 따라. 광다이오드에 길 잃은 펌프 반사의 중요 한 제거, 협대역 브래그 필터 (BF)와 펌프 파장 주위 원자 노치 필터 (85RB) 사용 된다 함께 빛 차단 아이리스 (I)와 함께. 데이터는 브 릴 루 앵 스펙트럼의 추가 분석을 위해 데이터 수집 카드 (DAQ) 개인용 컴퓨터 (PC)에 연결 하 여 기록 됩니다. 모든 접이식 거울 (M1-M6) 물 샘플의 배치를 촉진을 위한 광학 테이블에 수직으로 장착 된 18 ' × 24 ' 브레드보드에는 분석기에 맞게 사용 됩니다. <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/55527/55527fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">이 그림의 더 큰 버전을 보려면 여기를 클릭 하십시오.</a>

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Probe diode laser head and controller</td>
			<td>Toptica Photonics</td>
			<td>SYST DL-100-DFB</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pump amplified diode laser and controller</td>
			<td>Toptica Photonics</td>
			<td>SYST TA-pro-DFB</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FC/APC fiber dock</td>
			<td>Toptica Photonics</td>
			<td>FiberDock&#160;</td>
			<td>Quantity: 3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High power single mode polarization maintaining FC/APC fiber patchcord</td>
			<td>Toptica Photonics</td>
			<td>OE-000796</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FC/APC fiber collimation with adjustable collimation optics</td>
			<td>Toptica Photonics</td>
			<td>FiberOut</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FC/APC fiber fixed collimator</td>
			<td>OZ Optics</td>
			<td>HPUCO-33A-780-P-6.1-AS</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Single mode polarization maintaining fiber splitter 33:67</td>
			<td>OZ Optics</td>
			<td>FOBS-12P-111-4/125-PPP-780-67/33-40-3A3A3A-3-1</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Single mode polarization maintaining fiber splitter 50:50</td>
			<td>OZ Optics</td>
			<td>FOBS-12P-111-4/125-PPP-780-50/50-40-3S3A3A-3-1</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>f=25 mm, &#216;1/2&#34; Achromatic Doublet, SM05-Threaded Mount, ARC: 650-1050 nm</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>AC127-025-B-ML</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>f=30 mm, &#216;1&#34; Achromatic Doublet, SM1-Threaded Mount, ARC: 650-1050 nm</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>AC254-30-B-ML</td>
			<td>Quantity: 2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>f=50 mm, &#216;1&#34; Achromatic Doublet, SM1-Threaded Mount, ARC: 650-1050 nm</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>AC254-50-B-ML</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>f=100 mm, &#216;1&#34; Achromatic Doublet, SM1-Threaded Mount, ARC: 650-1050 nm</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>
AC254-100-B-ML</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>f=200 mm, &#216;1&#34; Achromatic Doublet, SM1-Threaded Mount, ARC: 650-1050 nm</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>
AC254-200-B-ML</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#216;1/2&#34; Broadband Dielectric Mirror, 750-1100 nm</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>
BB05-E03</td>
			<td>Quantity: 4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#216;1&#34; Broadband Dielectric Mirror, 750-1100 nm</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>
BB1-E03</td>
			<td>Quantity: 2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1&#34; Polarizing beamsplitter cube, 780 nm</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>
PBS25-780</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#216;1&#34; Linear polarizer with N-BK7 protective windows, 600-1100 nm</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>
LPNIRE100-B</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Shearing Interferometer with a 1-3 mm Beam Diameter Shear Plate</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>SI035</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6-Axis Locking kinematic optic mount</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>
K6XS</td>
			<td>Quantity: 4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Compact five-axis platform</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>
PY005</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pedestal mounting adapter for 5-axis platform</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>
PY005A2</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polaris low drift &#216;1/2&#34; kinematic mirror mount, 3 adjusters</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>
POLARIS-K05</td>
			<td>Quantity: 4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lens mount for &#216;1&#34; optics</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>
LMR1</td>
			<td>Quantity: 5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Adapter with external SM1 threads and Internal SM05 threads, 0.40&#34; thick</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>
SM1A6T</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rotation mount for &#216;1&#34; optics</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>
RSP1</td>
			<td>Quantity: 2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1&#34; Kinematic prism mount</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>
KM100PM</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Graduated ring-activated SM1 iris diaphragm</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>
SM1D12C</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Post-mounted iris diaphragm, &#216;12.0 mm max aperture</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>ID12</td>
			<td>Quantity: 2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1/2&#34; translation stage with standard micrometer</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>MT1</td>
			<td>Quantity: 3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#216;1&#34; Pedestal pillar post, 8-32 taps, L = 1&#34;</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>RS1P8E</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#216;1&#34; Pedestal pillar post, 8-32 taps, L = 1.5&#34;</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>RS1.5P8E</td>
			<td>Quantity: 2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#216;1&#34; Pedestal pillar post, 8-32 taps, L = 2&#34;</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>RS2P8E</td>
			<td>Quantity: 4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#216;1&#34; Pedestal pillar post, 8-32 taps, L = 2.5&#34;</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>RS2.5P8E</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#216;1&#34; Pedestal pillar post, 8-32 taps, L = 3&#34;</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>RS3P8E</td>
			<td>Quantity: 4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Short clamping fork</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>CF125</td>
			<td>Quantity: 12</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mounting base</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>BA1S</td>
			<td>Quantity: 8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Large V-Clamp with PM4 Clamping Arm, 2.5&#34; Long, Imperial</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>VC3C</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#216;1/2&#34; Post holder, spring-loaded hex-locking thumbscrew, L = 1&#34;</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>PH1</td>
			<td>Quantity: 2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#216;1/2&#34; Post holder, spring-loaded hex-locking thumbscrew, L = 1.5&#34;</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>PH1.5</td>
			<td>Quantity: 2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#216;1/2&#34; Post holder, spring-loaded hex-locking thumbscrew, L = 2&#34;</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>PH2</td>
			<td>Quantity: 6</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#216;1/2&#34; Optical post, SS, 8-32 setscrew, 1/4&#34;-20 tap, L = 1&#34;</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>TR1</td>
			<td>Quantity: 2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#216;1/2&#34; Optical post, SS, 8-32 setscrew, 1/4&#34;-20 tap, L = 1.5&#34;</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>TR1.5</td>
			<td>Quantity: 2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#216;1/2&#34; Optical post, SS, 8-32 setscrew, 1/4&#34;-20 tap, L = 2&#34;</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>TR2</td>
			<td>Quantity: 6</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum breadboard 18&#34; x 24&#34; x 1/2&#34;, 1/4&#34;-20 taps</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>MB1824</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>12&#34; Vertical bracket for breadboards, 1/4&#34;-20 holes, 1 piece</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>VB01</td>
			<td>Quantity: 2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Si photodiode, 40 ns Rise time, 400 - 1100 nm, 10 mm x 10 mm active area</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>
FDS1010</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Waveplate, zero order, 1/4 wave 780nm</td>
			<td>Tower Optics</td>
			<td>Z-17.5-A-.250-B-780</td>
			<td>Quantity: 2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Waveplate, zero order, 1/2 wave 780nm</td>
			<td>Tower Optics</td>
			<td>Z-17.5-A-.500-B-780</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fiber coupled ultra high speed photodetector</td>
			<td>Newport</td>
			<td>1434</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gimbal optical miror mount</td>
			<td>Newport</td>
			<td>U100-G2H ULTIMA</td>
			<td>Quantity: 3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>linear stage with 25 mm travel range</td>
			<td>Newport</td>
			<td>&#160;M-423&#160;</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lockable differential micrometer, 25 mm coarse, 0.2 mm fine,11 lb. load</td>
			<td>Newport</td>
			<td>&#160;DM-25L</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>XYZ Motor linear stage</td>
			<td>Applied Scientific Instrumentation</td>
			<td>LS-50</td>
			<td>Quantity: 3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stage controller</td>
			<td>Applied Scientific Instrumentation</td>
			<td>MS-2000</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sample holder</td>
			<td>Home made</td>
			<td>Custom</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rubidium 85 Fused Silica spectroscopy cell with flat AR-coated windows, 150 mm length, 25mm diameter</td>
			<td>Photonics Technologies</td>
			<td>SC-RB85-25x150-Q-AR</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermally conductive pad 300 mm x 300 mm</td>
			<td>BERGQUIST</td>
			<td>Q3AC 300MMX300MM SHEET</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heat tape 0.15 mm x 2.5&#160; mm x 5 m, 4.29&#160; W/m</td>
			<td>KANTHAL</td>
			<td>8908271</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polytetrafluoroethylene tape 1/2&#39;&#39; x 12 m</td>
			<td>Teflon tape</td>
			<td>R.G.D</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Reflecting Bragg grating bandpass filter</td>
			<td>OptiGrate</td>
			<td>SPC-780</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High frequncy aousto optic modulator</td>
			<td>Gooch and Housego</td>
			<td>15210</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aousto optic modulator RF driver, frequncy: 210 MHz&#160;</td>
			<td>Gooch and Housego</td>
			<td>MHP210-1ADS2-A1</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High frequncy lock-in amplifier&#160;</td>
			<td>Stanford Research Systems</td>
			<td>SR844</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Frequency counter</td>
			<td>Phase Matrix</td>
			<td>EIP 578B</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Arbitrary function Generator</td>
			<td>Tektronix</td>
			<td>AFG2021</td>
			<td>Quantity: 2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Data acquisition (DAQ) module</td>
			<td>National Instruments</td>
			<td>NI USB-6212 BNC</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Data acquisition (DAQ) software&#160;</td>
			<td>National Instruments</td>
			<td>LabVIEW 2014</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Regulated DC power supply&#160; dual 0-30V 5A</td>
			<td>MEILI</td>
			<td>MCH-305D-ii</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermocouple</td>
			<td>MRC</td>
			<td>TP-01</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermometer</td>
			<td>MRC</td>
			<td>TM-5007</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Coaxial low pass filter DC-1.9 MHz</td>
			<td>Mini Circuits</td>
			<td>BLP-1.9+</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20% lipid-emulsion</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>I141-100ml</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>24x40 mm cover glass thick:3 #</td>
			<td>Menzel Glaser</td>
			<td>150285</td>
			<td>Quantity: 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Computational software&#160;</td>
			<td>MathWorks</td>
			<td>MATLAB 2015a</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

high-speed continuous-wave stimulated brillouin scattering spectrometer for material analysis

최근 몇 년 동안 수성 솔루션 및 바이오 소재, 빠른 수집 시간 같은 부드러운 물질의 비 접촉 분석에 대 한 자발적인 브 릴 루 앵 분석기를 사용 하 여 중요 한 증가 목격 했다. 여기, 우리는 어셈블리를 토론 하 고 사용 하는 브 릴 루 앵 분석기의 작동으로 브 릴 루 앵 산란 (SBS) 물과 지질 유제-기반 조직 같은 샘플 전송 모드에서의 유도 브 릴 루 앵 이득 (SBG) 스펙트럼을 측정 하 자극 &lt; 10 MHz 스펙트럼 분해능 및 &lt; 35 MHz 브 릴 루 앵 시프트 측정 정밀도 &lt;는 분석기 거의 반대 전파 780에서 연속파 (CW) 좁은 선 폭 레이저 2의 구성 100 양 nm 누구의 주파수 튠을 통해 검사는 소재 브 릴 루 앵 시프트입니다. 울트라-협대역 뜨거운 루비듐-85 증기 노치 필터와 위상에 민감한 검출기를 사용 하 여는 신호--노이즈-비율에 SBG 신호는 크게 향상 된 기존 CW-SBS 분석기로 얻은 것에 비해. 이 개선에는 시간, 그로 인하여 빠른 속도로 부드러운 소재의 높은 스펙트럼 분해능 및 높은-정밀 브 릴 루 앵 분석을 용이 하 게 최대 100 빠른 수집 SBG 스펙트럼의 측정 수 있습니다.

그림 2b 와 3b 증류수 조직과 지질 에멀젼 각각 10 ms 및 100 ms 이내 (2.25 산란 이벤트와 45 cm-1에의 한 감쇠 계수) 팬텀 샘플 측정의 일반적인 포인트 SBG 스펙트럼 표시 합니다. 비교를 위해, 우리는 10에서 SBG 스펙트럼 측정 그림 2a 에 3a와 같이 s. 이러한 측정에 루비듐-85 증기 셀 ~ 104 길 잃은 펌프 반사를 약하?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis at JoVE.com

High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis

우리는 빠른 continuous-wave-자극-브 릴 루 앵-산란 (CW-SBS) 분석기의 건설을 설명합니다. 분석기는 단일 주파수 다이오드 레이저를 사용 하 여 및 높은 스펙트럼-해상도 탁/비-혼 탁 한 샘플의 전송 스펙트럼을 얻으려고 원자 증기 노치 필터 속도 최대 약 기존 CW-SBS 분석기의 그들 보다는 빨리. 이 개선 고속 브 릴 루 앵 소재 분석을 수 있습니다.

소재 분석에 대 한 고속 연속파 자극된 브 릴 루 앵 산란 분 광 계

Recent years have witnessed a significant increase in the use of spontaneous Brillouin spectrometers for non-contact analysis of soft matter, such as ...

high-speed-continuous-wave-stimulated-brillouin-scattering

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

10.1K 조회수.  Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. 우리는 빠른 continuous-wave-자극-브 릴 루 앵-산란 (CW-SBS) 분석기의 건설을 설명합니다. 분석기는 단일 주파수 다이오드 레이저를 사용 하 여 및 높은 스펙트럼-해상도 탁/비-혼 탁 한 샘플의 전송 스펙트럼을 얻으려고 원자 증기 노치 필터 속도 최대 약 기존 CW-SBS 분석기의 그들 보다는 빨리. 이 개선 고속 브 릴 루 앵 소재 분석을 수 있습니다. 

비디오: High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis

Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material

Light interacts with an organism's integument on a variety of spatial scales. For example in an iridescent bird: nano-scale structures produce color; the milli-scale structure of barbs and barbules largely determines the directional pattern of reflected light; and through the macro-scale spatial structure of overlapping, curved feathers, these directional effects create the visual texture. Milli-scale and macro-scale effects determine where on the organism's body, and from what viewpoints and under what illumination, the iridescent colors are seen. Thus, the highly directional flash of brilliant color from the iridescent throat of a hummingbird is inadequately explained by its nano-scale structure alone and questions remain. From a given observation point, which milli-scale elements of the feather are oriented to reflect strongly? Do some species produce broader "windows" for observation of iridescence than others? These and similar questions may be asked about any organisms that have evolved a particular surface appearance for signaling, camouflage, or other reasons.
In order to study the directional patterns of light scattering from feathers, and their relationship to the bird's milli-scale morphology, we developed a protocol for measuring light scattered from biological materials using many high-resolution photographs taken with varying illumination and viewing directions. Since we measure scattered light as a function of direction, we can observe the characteristic features in the directional distribution of light scattered from that particular feather, and because barbs and barbules are resolved in our images, we can clearly attribute the directional features to these different milli-scale structures. Keeping the specimen intact preserves the gross-scale scattering behavior seen in nature. The method described here presents a generalized protocol for analyzing spatially- and directionally-varying light scattering from complex biological materials at multiple structural scales.

We present a non-destructive method for sampling spatial variation in the direction of light scattered from structurally complex materials. By keeping the material intact, we preserve gross-scale scattering behavior, while concurrently capturing fine-scale directional contributions with high-resolution imaging. Results are visualized in software at biologically-relevant positions and scales.

생물 재료의 공간적 및 방향성에 따라 변화 광산란 측정

Light interacts with an organism's integument on a variety of spatial scales. For example in an iridescent bird: nano-scale structures produce color; the ...

연구

공학

High-resolution, High-speed, Three-dimensional Video Imaging with Digital Fringe Projection Techniques

Digital fringe projection (DFP) techniques provide dense 3D measurements of dynamically changing surfaces.&#160;Like the human eyes and brain, DFP uses triangulation between matching points in two views of the same scene at different angles to compute depth.&#160;However, unlike a stereo-based method, DFP uses a digital video projector to replace one of the cameras1. The projector rapidly projects a known sinusoidal pattern onto the subject, and the surface of the subject distorts these patterns in the camera&#8217;s field of view. Three distorted patterns (fringe images) from the camera can be used to compute the depth using triangulation.
Unlike other 3D measurement methods, DFP techniques lead to systems that tend to be faster, lower in equipment cost, more flexible, and easier to develop.&#160;DFP systems can also achieve the same measurement resolution as the camera.&#160;For this reason, DFP and other digital structured light techniques have recently been the focus of intense research (as summarized in1-5). Taking advantage of DFP, the graphics processing unit, and optimized algorithms, we have developed a system capable of 30&#160;Hz 3D video data acquisition, reconstruction, and display for over 300,000 measurement points per frame6,7.&#160;Binary defocusing DFP methods can achieve even greater speeds8.
Diverse applications can benefit from DFP techniques. Our collaborators have used our systems for facial function analysis9, facial animation10, cardiac mechanics studies11, and fluid surface measurements, but many other potential applications exist.&#160;This video will teach the fundamentals of DFP techniques and illustrate the design and operation of a binary defocusing DFP system.

This video describes the fundamentals of digital fringe projection techniques, which provide dense 3D measurements of dynamically changing surfaces.&#160;It also demonstrates the design and operation of a high-speed binary defocusing system based on these techniques.

Digital fringe projection (DFP) techniques provide dense 3D measurements of dynamically changing surfaces.&#160;Like the human eyes and brain, DFP uses ...

High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces

Multi-dimensional and transient flows play a key role in many areas of science, engineering, and health sciences but are often not well understood. The complex nature of these flows may be studied using particle image velocimetry (PIV), a laser-based imaging technique for optically accessible flows. Though many forms of PIV exist that extend the technique beyond the original planar two-component velocity measurement capabilities, the basic PIV system consists of a light source (laser), a camera, tracer particles, and analysis algorithms. The imaging and recording parameters, the light source, and the algorithms are adjusted to optimize the recording for the flow of interest and obtain valid velocity data. 
Common PIV investigations measure two-component velocities in a plane at a few frames per second. However, recent developments in instrumentation have facilitated high-frame rate (&gt; 1 kHz) measurements capable of resolving transient flows with high temporal resolution. Therefore, high-frame rate measurements have enabled investigations on the evolution of the structure and dynamics of highly transient flows. These investigations play a critical role in understanding the fundamental physics of complex flows.
A detailed description for performing high-resolution, high-speed planar PIV to study a transient flow near the surface of a flat plate is presented here. Details for adjusting the parameter constraints such as image and recording properties, the laser sheet properties, and processing algorithms to adapt PIV for any flow of interest are included.

A procedure for studying transient flows near boundaries using high-resolution, high-speed particle image velocimetry (PIV) is described here. PIV is a non-intrusive measurement technique applicable to any optically accessible flow by optimizing several parameter constraints such as the image and recording properties, the laser sheet properties, and analysis algorithms.

표면 근처 고속 입자 이미지 유속계

Multi-dimensional and transient flows play a key role in many areas of science, engineering, and health sciences but are often not well understood. The ...

Measuring Material Microstructure Under Flow Using 1-2 Plane Flow-Small Angle Neutron Scattering

A new small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) sample environment optimized for studying the microstructure of complex fluids under simple shear flow is presented. The SANS shear cell consists of a concentric cylinder Couette geometry that is sealed and rotating about a horizontal axis so that the vorticity direction of the flow field is aligned with the neutron beam enabling scattering from the 1-2 plane of shear (velocity-velocity gradient, respectively). This approach is an advance over previous shear cell sample environments as there is a strong coupling between the bulk rheology and microstructural features in the 1-2 plane of shear. Flow-instabilities, such as shear banding, can also be studied by spatially resolved measurements. This is accomplished in this sample environment by using a narrow aperture for the neutron beam and scanning along the velocity gradient direction. Time resolved experiments, such as flow start-ups and large amplitude oscillatory shear flow are also possible by synchronization of the shear motion and time-resolved detection of scattered neutrons. Representative results using the methods outlined here demonstrate the useful nature of spatial resolution for measuring the microstructure of a wormlike micelle solution that exhibits shear banding, a phenomenon that can only be investigated by resolving the structure along the velocity gradient direction. Finally, potential improvements to the current design are discussed along with suggestions for supplementary experiments as motivation for future experiments on a broad range of complex fluids in a variety of shear motions.

A shear cell is developed for small-angle neutron scattering measurements in the velocity-velocity gradient plane of shear and is used to characterize complex fluids. Spatially resolved measurements in the velocity gradient direction are possible for studying shear-banding materials. Applications include investigations of colloidal dispersions, polymer solutions, and self-assembled structures.

1-2 평면 흐름 - 작은 각 중성자 산란을 이용하여 재료 미세 조직에서 유량을 측정

A new small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) sample environment optimized for studying the microstructure of complex fluids under simple shear flow is ...

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Engineering non-classical states of the electromagnetic field is a central quest for quantum optics1,2. Beyond their fundamental significance, such states are indeed the resources for implementing various protocols, ranging from enhanced metrology to quantum communication and computing. A variety of devices can be used to generate non-classical states, such as single emitters, light-matter interfaces or non-linear systems3. We focus here on the use of a continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator3,4. This system is based on a non-linear &#967;2 crystal inserted inside an optical cavity and it is now well-known as a very efficient source of non-classical light, such as single-mode or two-mode squeezed vacuum depending on the crystal phase matching. 
Squeezed vacuum is a Gaussian state as its quadrature distributions follow a Gaussian statistics. However, it has been shown that number of protocols require non-Gaussian states5. Generating directly such states is a difficult task and would require strong &#967;3 non-linearities. Another procedure, probabilistic but heralded, consists in using a measurement-induced non-linearity via a conditional preparation technique operated on Gaussian states. Here, we detail this generation protocol for two non-Gaussian states, the single-photon state and a superposition of coherent states, using two differently phase-matched parametric oscillators as primary resources. This technique enables achievement of a high fidelity with the targeted state and generation of the state in a well-controlled spatiotemporal mode.

We describe the reliable generation of non-Gaussian states of traveling optical fields, including single-photon states and coherent state superpositions, using a conditional preparation method operated on the non-classical light emitted by optical parametric oscillators. Type-I and type-II phase-matched oscillators are considered and common procedures, such as the required frequency filtering or the high-efficiency quantum state characterization by homodyning, are detailed.

연속파 광 파라 메트릭 발진기와 빛의 양자 상태 공학

Engineering non-classical states of the electromagnetic field is a central quest for quantum optics1,2. Beyond their fundamental significance, such states ...

Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface

Two apparatuses for examining liquid jet impingement on a high-speed moving surface are described: an air cannon device (for examining surface speeds between 0 and 25 m/sec) and a spinning disk device (for examining surface speeds between 15 and 100 m/sec). The air cannon linear traverse is a pneumatic energy-powered system that is designed to accelerate a metal rail surface mounted on top of a wooden projectile. A pressurized cylinder fitted with a solenoid valve rapidly releases pressurized air into the barrel, forcing the projectile down the cannon barrel. The projectile travels beneath a spray nozzle, which impinges a liquid jet onto its metal upper surface, and the projectile then hits a stopping mechanism. A camera records the jet impingement, and a pressure transducer records the spray nozzle backpressure. The spinning disk set-up consists of a steel disk that reaches speeds of 500 to 3,000 rpm via a variable frequency drive (VFD) motor. A spray system similar to that of the air cannon generates a liquid jet that impinges onto the spinning disc, and cameras placed at several optical access points record the jet impingement. Video recordings of jet impingement processes are recorded and examined to determine whether the outcome of impingement is splash, splatter, or deposition. The apparatuses are the first that involve the high speed impingement of low-Reynolds-number liquid jets on high speed moving surfaces. In addition to its rail industry applications, the described technique may be used for technical and industrial purposes such as steelmaking and may be relevant to high-speed 3D printing.

Two experimental devices for examining liquid jet impingement on a high-speed moving surface are described: an air cannon device and a spinning disk device. The apparatuses are used to determine optimal approaches to the application of liquid friction modifier (LFM) onto rail tracks for top-of-rail friction control.

Two apparatuses for examining liquid jet impingement on a high-speed moving surface are described: an air cannon device (for examining surface speeds ...

Experimental Methods for Investigation of Shape Memory Based Elastocaloric Cooling Processes and Model Validation

Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) using elastocaloric cooling processes have the potential to be an environmentally friendly alternative to the conventional vapor compression based cooling process. Nickel-Titanium (Ni-Ti) based alloy systems, especially, show large elastocaloric effects. Furthermore, exhibit large latent heats which is a necessary material property for the development of an efficient solid-state based cooling process. A scientific test rig has been designed to investigate these processes and the elastocaloric effects in SMAs. The realized test rig enables independent control of an SMA&#39;s mechanical loading and unloading cycles, as well as conductive heat transfer between SMA cooling elements and a heat source/sink. The test rig is equipped with a comprehensive monitoring system capable of synchronized measurements of mechanical and thermal parameters. In addition to determining the process-dependent mechanical work, the system also enables measurement of thermal caloric aspects of the elastocaloric cooling effect through use of a high-performance infrared camera. This combination is of particular interest, because it allows illustrations of localization and rate effects &#8212; both important for efficient heat transfer from the medium to be cooled.
The work presented describes an experimental method to identify elastocaloric material properties in different materials and sample geometries. Furthermore, the test rig is used to investigate different cooling process variations. The introduced analysis methods enable a differentiated consideration of material, process and related boundary condition influences on the process efficiency. The comparison of the experimental data with the simulation results (of a thermomechanically coupled finite element model) allows for better understanding of the underlying physics of the elastocaloric effect. In addition, the experimental results, as well as the findings based on the simulation results, are used to improve the material properties.

Experimental methods for investigation of solid state cooling processes and characterization of elastocaloric material properties of Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) are presented. A custom-built test rig has been designed for controlling and comprehensive monitoring of elastocaloric cooling processes. Furthermore, it provides a validation platform for thermomechanically coupled modeling approaches.

형상 기억의 조사를 기반으로 Elastocaloric 냉각 프로세스 및 모델 검증을위한 실험 방법

Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) using elastocaloric cooling processes have the potential to be an environmentally friendly alternative to the conventional vapor ...

Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators

Dielectric microspheres can confine light and sound for a length of time through high quality factor whispering gallery modes (WGM). Glass microspheres can be thought as a store of energy with a huge variety of applications: compact laser sources, highly sensitive biochemical sensors and nonlinear phenomena. A protocol for the fabrication of both the microspheres and coupling system is given. The couplers described here are tapered fibers. Efficient generation of nonlinear phenomena related to third order optical non-linear susceptibility &#935;(3) interactions in triply resonant silica microspheres is presented in this paper. The interactions here reported are: Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS), and four wave mixing processes comprising Stimulated Anti-stokes Raman Scattering (SARS). A proof of the cavity-enhanced phenomenon is given by the lack of correlation among the pump, signal and idler: a resonant mode has to exist in order to obtain the pair of signal and idler. In the case of hyperparametric oscillations (four wave mixing and stimulated anti-stokes Raman scattering), the modes must fulfill the energy and momentum conservation and, last but not least, have a good spatial overlap.

Efficient generation of nonlinear phenomena related to third order optical non-linear susceptibility &#935;(3) interactions in triply resonant silica microspheres is presented in this paper. The interactions here reported are: Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS), and four wave mixing processes comprising Stimulated Anti-stokes Raman Scattering (SARS).

Microspherical 위스퍼 링 갤러리 모드 공진기에 자극 스톡스와 Antistokes 라만 산란

Dielectric microspheres can confine light and sound for a length of time through high quality factor whispering gallery modes (WGM). Glass microspheres ...

Scanning Light Scattering Profiler (SLPS) Based Methodology to Quantitatively Evaluate Forward and Backward Light Scattering from Intraocular Lenses

The scanning light scattering profiler (SLSP) methodology has been developed for the full-angle quantitative evaluation of forward and backward light scattering from intraocular lenses (IOLs) using goniophotometer principles. This protocol describes the SLSP platform and how it employs a 360&#176; rotational photodetector sensor that is scanned around an IOL sample while recording the intensity and location of scattered light as it passes through the IOL medium. The SLSP platform can be used to predict, non-clinically, the propensity for current and novel IOL designs and materials to induce light scatter. Non-clinical evaluation of light scattering properties of IOLs can significantly reduce the number of patient complaints related to unwanted glare, glistening, optical defects, poor image quality, and other phenomena associated with the unintended light scattering. Future studies should be conducted to correlate SLSP data with clinical results to help identify which measured light scatter is most problematic for patients that have undergone cataract surgery subsequent to IOL implantation.

Scanning Light Scattering Profiler SLPS Based Methodology to Quantitatively Evaluate Forward and Backward Light Scattering from Intraocular Lenses

This protocol describes the scanning light scattering profiler (SLSP) that enables the full-angle quantitative evaluation of forward and backward scattering of light from intraocular lenses (IOLs) using goniophotometer principles.

SLPS (Scanning Profiling Profiler) 기반 방법론으로 안구 내 렌즈의 전방 및 후방 산란을 정량적으로 평가

The scanning light scattering profiler (SLSP) methodology has been developed for the full-angle quantitative evaluation of forward and backward light ...

Implementation of a Nonlinear Microscope Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy uses near-infrared excitation light; therefore, it shares many multi-photon microscopic imaging properties. SRS imaging modality can be obtained using commercial laser-scanning microscopes by equipping with a non-descanned forward detector with proper bandpass filters and lock-in amplifier (LIA) detection scheme. A schematic layout of a typical SRS microscope includes the following: two pulsed laser beams, (i.e., the pump and probe directed in a scanning microscope), which must be overlapped in both space and time at the image plane, then focused by a microscope objective into the sample through two scanning mirrors (SMs), which raster the focal spot across an x-y plane. After interaction with the sample, transmitted output pulses are collected by an upper objective and measured by a forward detection system inserted in an inverted microscope. Pump pulses are removed by a stack of optical filters, whereas the probe pulses that are the result of the SRS process occurring in the focal volume of the specimen are measured by a photodiode (PD). The readout of the PD is demodulated by the LIA to extract the modulation depth. A two-dimensional (2D) image is obtained by synchronizing the forward detection unit with the microscope scanning unit. In this paper, the implementation of an SRS microscope is described and successfully demonstrated, as well as the reporting of label-free images of polystyrene beads with diameters of 3 &#181;m. It is worth noting that SRS microscopes are not commercially available, so in order to take advantage of these characteristics, the homemade construction is the only option. Since SRS microscopy is becoming popular in many fields, it is believed that this careful description of the SRS microscope implementation can be very useful for the scientific community.

In this manuscript, the implementation of a stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscope, obtained by the integration of an SRS experimental set-up with a laser scanning microscope, is described. The SRS microscope is based on two femtosecond (fs) laser sources, a Ti-Sapphire (Ti:Sa) and synchronized optical parametric oscillator (OPO).

자극된 라만 산란을 기반으로 한 비선형 현미경 구현

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy uses near-infrared excitation light; therefore, it shares many multi-photon microscopic imaging properties. ...