이 작품은 교육, 청소년, 체육 (LO1304)의 체코 교육부와 체코의 기술기구 (TE01020028)에서 보조금에 의해 지원되었다. 저자는 환경 뚜껑의 정지 영상을 촬영 박사 락스 바라나에게 감사의 말씀을 전합니다.

아가로 오스 코팅 된 플레이트 1. 준비 <ol><li> 저 융점 아가로 오스 0.75 g을 달아 혈청없이 mL의 맥코이의 5A 매체의 (또는 페놀 레드없이) (100)에 추가합니다. 전자 레인지에서 솔루션을 가열 완전히 아가 로스를 용해마다 1-2 분 소용돌이 친다. 를 살균 할 수있는 솔루션을 압력솥. </li><li> [정보 70 ° C로 냉각시키고, 아가 멸균 층류 상자 진공 여과에 의하여 500 ㎖, 0.22 μm의 필터 최상부 통해 필터링. 한 번에 전체 솔루션을 사용하지 않는 경우 작은 볼륨으로 0.75 % 여과 아가로 오스 솔루션 (FAS)을 나누어지는. 추운 방 또는 최대 4 주 동안 4 ° C 냉장고에이 즉시 사용 아가로 오스 솔루션 무균를 저장합니다. </li><li> 흐름 상자에 멸균 인산 완충 생리 식염수 (PBS)와 다음 70 % 에탄올 (EtOH로)와 함께 콤비 시약 디스펜서 및 주요 카세트에 플라스틱 - 금속 - 팁 분배 카세트와 작은 튜브를 연결합니다. </li><li> 사용하기 전에, FAS I의 저장 분취 가열<html> n은 전자 레인지가 녹아있다. 총리는 아가로 오스 솔루션 코트 384도, 조직 문화 (TC)와 분배 카세트 FAS의 15 μL와 마이크로 플레이트 &quot;특별한&quot;처리 한. 접시에 아가로 오스는 세포를 파종하기 전에 15 ~ 20 분 동안 냉각시킵니다. 추운 방에 4 ° C에서 멀리 직접 빛으로부터 폴리에틸렌 봉지에 싸여 무균 아가로 오스 - 코팅 된 플레이트를 저장합니다. 주 : 원액에서 아가 로스의 농도 변화를 방지하기 위해 0.75 % FAS 반복 가열을 피한다. 상술 된 조건 하에서 저장 될 때 아가 - 코팅 된 플레이트는 최대 2 주 동안 저장 될 수있다. FAS는 판의 코팅 동안 가열을 필요로하지 않습니다. </li><li> 카세트 팁 및 튜브에 남아있는 아가로 오스를 제거하기 위해 70 ~ 80 ° C를 멸균 수로 프라이밍에 의해 분배 카세트를 청소합니다. </li></ol> 2. 세포 배양 및 MCTS 형성 <ol><li> 배양 인간 결장 암종 HCT116 세포, 전술 한 바와 같이아가씨 = &quot;외부 참조&quot;&gt; 8. </li><li> 아가로 코팅 된 384 웰 냉장에서 TC 마이크로 플레이트가 처리 필요한 수를 제거하고 15 분 동안 실온 (RT)로 평형화. </li><li> 70 % EtOH로 멸균 PBS와 표준 튜브 분배 카세트를 프라이밍에 의해 세포 파종의 콤비 시약 디스펜서를 준비합니다. 필요한 μL로 시딩 볼륨과 디스펜서 수동 설정 버튼을 이용하여 매체에 토출 속도를 조정한다. 주 : 전체 세포 시딩 공정은 무균 조건에서 층류 상자에서 수행된다. </li><li> 재조합 세포 분해 효소를 이용하여 조직 배양 플라스크에서 부착 세포를 해리. 완전 성장 배지 50 μL에 웰 당 2.5 × 104 세포 / ml의 밀도로 시드 셀 무균 비이커에 세포 현탁액 재고 확인. 이상의 384 WP 시드 때 비이커의 바닥에 침강을 방지하기 위해 자기 교반기를 사용하여 세포를 교반한다. </li><li> 허용플레이트는 실온에서 30 분간 휴식 후 4 × g에서 15 분 동안 원심 분리한다. </li><li> 한편, 증착 환원성 환경 뚜껑을 가지고 짧은면에서 멸균 H 8ml의 2 O 5 % 디메틸 술폭 시드 (DMSO)로 채우기 5 ㎖ 피펫 (도 1A)를 사용하여 (좌우). 먼저, 서서히 상하로 피펫 팁을 스위핑 좌측 홈통으로 액체를 충전 4㎖를 분배. 오른쪽 골이 단계를 반복합니다. 참고 : 액체가 뚜껑의 중심에 병합 및 가스 교환 (그림 1A)에 대한 간격을 두지 않는 쪽 골짜기에 추가되었는지 확인합니다. 뚜껑의 외관 및 이후에 384- 웰 TC 플레이트의 외측에 웰 H의 H 2 O의 삼출 2 O 결과 과량 추가. </li><li> (그림 2A를 멸균 H 2 O와 384 웰 TC 플레이트의 액체 저장소를 채우고 액체로 채워진 환경 뚜껑 일반 판 뚜껑을 교체). </li><li> 95 % 습도, 5 % CO 2, 20 % O 2와 37 ° C 회전 배양기에서 플레이트를 배치하고, 세포를 4 일 동안 MCTSes으로 응집 할 수있다. 갑자기 떨어지는 습도 수준을 방지하기 위해, 후속하는 일이 너무 오래 동안 인큐베이터의 도어를 열지 않도록. </li></ol> 로봇 형 시스템을 사용하여 3. 중간 교환 <ol><li> MCTS 형성 다음날 4 일, 잘 자동화 마이크로 플레이트 워셔 디스펜서를 사용하여 당 사전 예열 매체의 30 μL를 추가합니다. MCTSes 추가 3 일간 성장하도록 허용합니다. 그들은 실험에 원하는 크기를 달성 할 때까지 정기적으로 3 일마다 배지를 교체합니다. </li><li> 각 웰로부터 매체의 볼륨을 정의 대기음 경험적 와셔 매니 폴드의 Z -height을 조정한다. 기음 30 웰 당 매체의 μL 신선한 사전 예열 매체의 30 μL로 교체합니다. 주 : 세탁기 매니 폴드 아래로 이동하는 분배 속도와 속도를 설정가장 낮은 속도로 우물에 우물에서 난류를 최소화합니다. </li></ol> MCTS 4. 높은 콘텐츠 이미징 및 반 자동화 된 이미지 분석 <ol><li> 이미지 4X 공기 목적을 이용한 고 함량 자동 촬상 시스템의 MCTS (NA 16). </li><li> 숫자와 간격은 Z -stacks 및 웰 당 전체 MCTS를 캡처 실험에서 원하는 픽셀 비닝을 조정 MS (11)의 노출 시간 및 4 × 4의 비닝을 설정한다. </li><li> 프로그래밍 언어로 작성된 사내 루틴을 사용하여 &quot;읽어&quot;에서 설명한 바와 같이, 이미지를 단계적으로 처리한다. 참고 :하는 .m 코드와 .txt 인 추가 정보 파일은 보조 코드 파일 (그림 1B)로 사용할 수 있습니다. 루틴 측정 2D 이미지에서 MCTS 지역, 전공 및 부전공 축, 경계, 그리고 견고. </li></ol><img alt="그림 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/55403/55403fig1.jpg" /> 그림 1 :환경 뚜껑의 제조 및 반자동 루틴의 흐름도. 올바른 (왼쪽)과 초과 액체를 충전 (오른쪽) 양 (여기, 5 % DMSO) 가득 증발 감소 환경 뚜껑 (A) 이미지. 화살표는 액체를 추가 단측 통을 나타낸다. 별표는 DMSO의 정확한 양의 첨가 다음 뚜껑의 중앙의 간격을 나타낸다. (B)이 반 자동화 영상 분석 루틴에 포함 된 단계를 도시하는 플로. <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/55403/55403fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">이 그림의 더 큰 버전을 보려면 여기를 클릭하십시오.</a>

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저자는 공개 아무것도 없어.

필터링 된 아가로 오스와 384 잘 TC 플레이트 코팅 LOT의 표준 관행 코트로 오스 및 / 또는 분배 장치를 필요로하는 플레이트, 아가 로스 겔 (6)의 가열을 방지하기 위해 유지되어야을 1.5 % 저 융점 아가로 오스를 사용하는 것이다. 직경이 0.2 내지 0.4 mm에 이르기까지 작은 튜브 구멍 액체 분배 카세트를 사용하여 여러 판을 준비하는 동안 아가로 오스의 겔은 잠재?...

종양에서의 암 세포는 생리 학적으로 외 매트릭스와 세포의 상호 작용에 의해 둘러싸인 복잡한 3 차원 (3D) 구조로 배열된다. 거의 모든 조직에서의 세포는 3 차원 환경에 상주 종양 특성을 모방 관내 종양 모델에서 더 많은 생리 학적 관련성에 대한 필요성은 여러 차원 배양 기술 1, 2, 3의 발전을 가져왔다. 이 모델은 현재 3D 2의 치료제로의 전이 및 세포 반응에 종양 미세 환경의 역할을 연구 기초 연구 도구가되고있다. 또한, 2 차원 (2D) 세포 배양 4에 비해, 3D 모델 세포 신호 전달 경로에 영향을 종양 기질 상호 작용의 더 나은 이해를 위해 허용한다. 암세포의 다세포 종양 타원체 (MCTSes)는 자주 차원 셀 (C)에 사용되는생체 내 종양에 상대 친밀감으로 인해 ulture 모델. 사용하는 여러 방법 중에서, 아가 - 코팅 된 플레이트에 MCTS 발생의 액체 오버레이 기술 (LOT)의 리드 최적화 목표 검증 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11에 대한 상당한 관심을 받고있다. 이것은 LOT 6, 7을 사용 MCTS 배양 화합물 라이브러리의 파일럿 화면을 실행할 수 있었다 성공적으로 최근의 연구로부터 명백하다. 그러나, 매체의 증발에 의한 불균일 손실 MCTS의 형태와 성장에 잘 - 투 - 잘 변화는 미세 적정 플레이트를 사용하여 LOT (의원)을 함께 일반적인 장애물이다. 결과적으로, 불균일 MCTSes의 형성 의미 관련성 타협약리학 적 검정 8, 12, 13에서의 데이터. 분배 유닛 자동 액체를 사용하는 경우 재현성 문제 이외에, LOT 계 고 처리량 분석에 영향을 미치는 또 다른 실질적인 문제는 의원 코팅은 아가 로스이다. 분배 유닛은 아가로 오스 겔을 방지하기 위해 가열 유지 될 수 있지만, 분배 카세트 배관의 막힘 로봇 시스템 (6)에 대한 잠재적 관심사이다. 이러한 문제들을 극복하기 위해, 우리는 최근에 MCTS 문화 (8)의 LOT에 약간의 수정을 고안했다. 이러한 변형은 주로 흔히 높은 처리량 스크리닝 실험실에서 발견되는 장비를 이용하여 MP들에서 요철 매체 손실을 방지 할 수있는 방법에 기초한다. 3 걸쳐 균일 한 크기와 재현 MCTSes의 생성에 대한 수정 LOT의 자세한 절차84 웰 플레이트 (WPS)가 여기에 표시됩니다. 원고은 특히 단면적의 측정에 대한 명확히 한정된 경계를 갖고 있지 않은 부분적으로 분해 된 약물 처리 MCTSes에서 MCTS 크기의 평가 반자동 루틴을 보여준다.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Agarose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A9414</td>
			<td>Low-melting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>McCOY&#39;s 5A Medium</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M8403</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#8220;rapid&#8221; Filtermax filter</td>
			<td>TPP</td>
			<td>99505</td>
			<td>0.22 &#956;m, 500 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Multidrop&#8482; Combi Reagent Dispenser&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>5840300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small Tube Dispensing cassette&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>24073295</td>
			<td>Metal tip&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>384-well TC plate&#160;</td>
			<td>PerkinElmer</td>
			<td>6057308</td>
			<td>Plate type- CellCarrier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standard Tube Dispensing Cassette</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>24072670</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MicroClime Environmental Lid</td>
			<td>Labcyte</td>
			<td>LLS-0310</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMSO</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D4540</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rotary Incubator (SteriStore )</td>
			<td>HighRes Biosolutions</td>
			<td>23641</td>
			<td>Serial No.: D00384</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microplate Washer Dispenser&#160;</td>
			<td>BioTek</td>
			<td>Unspecified</td>
			<td>Model: EL406&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High-Content Imaging System (CellVoyager )</td>
			<td>Yokogawa Electric Corporation</td>
			<td>Unspecified</td>
			<td>Model: CV7000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Orange G</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>B7022S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TrypLE&#8482; Express recombinant cell dissociation reagent</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12604021</td>
			<td>Phenol red free</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

evaporation-reducing culture condition increases the reproducibility of multicellular spheroid formation in microtiter plates

밀접 생체 조건에서 모방 종양 모델 잠재적 항암제의 스크리닝을위한 약물 발견 및 개발에서 점점 인기를 끌고있다. 다세포 종양 회전 타원체 (MCTSes)를 효과적으로 리드 최적화 및 목표 검증을위한 시험 관내 모델들이 우수하고, 고형 종양의 생리적 조건을 모방. MCTS 배양에 사용할 수있는 다양한 기술 가운데 아가 액체 오버레이 방법 MCTS 생성하기위한 가장 저렴한 방법이다. 그러나, 높은 처리량 스크리닝 액체 오버레이를 사용 MCTS 배양의 안정적인 전송은 아가로 마이크로 타이 터 플레이트 (MPS)의 코팅 우물 걸쳐 균일 MCTS 형성의 irreproducibility 포함한 많은 한계에 의해 손상 될 수있다. 의원 약물 전체 플레이트의 사용을 방지 판의 외부로부터 매체의 과도한 증발 인한 효과 가장자리 상당히 쉽다테스트합니다. 이 원고는 균일 한 MCTS 형성의 확장 성 및 재현성을 높일 수있는 액체 오버레이 기술에 대한 상세한 기술 향상된 기능을 제공합니다. 약물 치료가 발표 된 후 또한, MCTS의 평가에 대한 간단한, 반 자동 및 보편적으로 적용 할 수있는 소프트웨어 도구에 대한 자세한 내용은 있습니다.

특히 주변 우물에서 매체의 요철 손실은 작은 문화 볼륨이 의원에 자주 발생하는 문제입니다. 예를 잘 조절 온도 / 가습 시스템 및 증발 감소 의원과 접시 뚜껑 인큐베이터 실질적으로 개선 된 배양 조건은, 우물 8에서 매체의 상당한 손실을 줄일 수 있습니다. 상대 증발을 측정하기 위해 오렌지 G (OG)의 동일한 양을 각 웰에 첨가하고, 3 일 동안 OG 흡광도?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Evaporation-reducing Culture Condition Increases the Reproducibility of Multicellular Spheroid Formation in Microtiter Plates at JoVE.com

Evaporation-reducing Culture Condition Increases the Reproducibility of Multicellular Spheroid Formation in Microtiter Plates

마이크로 타이 터 플레이트에서 배지의 요철 손실 균일 다세포 타원체 종양 형성의 재현성에 영향을 미친다. 배양 조건을 개선하면 구형 형성의 재현성 및 액체 오버레이 기술을 사용하여 회전 타원체 기반 분석의 결과를 개선 상당한 매체 손실을 감소시킨다.

증발 감소 문화 조건은 미세 적정 플레이트에서 다세포 회전 타원체 형성의 재현성을 증가

Tumor models that closely imitate in vivo conditions are becoming increasingly popular in drug discovery and development for the screening of potential ...

evaporation-reducing-culture-condition-increases-reproducibility

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

6.9K 조회수.  Palacky University in Olomouc.  마이크로 타이 터 플레이트에서 배지의 요철 손실 균일 다세포 타원체 종양 형성의 재현성에 영향을 미친다. 배양 조건을 개선하면 구형 형성의 재현성 및 액체 오버레이 기술을 사용하여 회전 타원체 기반 분석의 결과를 개선 상당한 매체 손실을 감소시킨다. 

비디오: Evaporation-reducing Culture Condition Increases the Reproducibility of Multicellular Spheroid Formation in Microtiter Plates

Utilizing Functional Genomics Screening to Identify Potentially Novel Drug Targets in Cancer Cell Spheroid Cultures

The identification of functional driver events in cancer is central to furthering our understanding of cancer biology and indispensable for the discovery of the next generation of novel drug targets. It is becoming apparent that more complex models of cancer are required to fully appreciate the contributing factors that drive tumorigenesis in vivo and increase the efficacy of novel therapies that make the transition from pre-clinical models to clinical trials.
Here we present a methodology for generating uniform and reproducible tumor spheroids that can be subjected to siRNA functional screening. These spheroids display many characteristics that are found in solid tumors that are not present in traditional two-dimension culture. We show that several commonly used breast cancer cell lines are amenable to this protocol. Furthermore, we provide proof-of-principle data utilizing the breast cancer cell line BT474, confirming their dependency on amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor HER2 and mutation of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate 3-kinase (PIK3CA) when grown as tumor spheroids. Finally, we are able to further investigate and confirm the spatial impact of these dependencies using immunohistochemistry.

Identifying novel drug targets that transition from pre-clinical testing to human trials is a scientific priority. To that end, here we describe a functional genomics approach for examining the impact of gene depletion on cancer cell line spheroids, which more appropriately model human cancers in vivo.

기능 유전체학에게 검사를 활용하여 암 세포 회전 타원체 문화에 잠재적으로 소설 약 표적을 식별하는

The identification of functional driver events in cancer is central to furthering our understanding of cancer biology and indispensable for the discovery ...

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암 연구학

Immunofluorescence Microscopy of &#947;H2AX and 53BP1 for Analyzing the Formation and Repair of DNA Double-strand Breaks

DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) are serious DNA lesions. Analysis of the formation and repair of DSB is relevant in a broad spectrum of research areas including genome integrity, genotoxicity, radiation biology, aging, cancer, and drug development. In response to DSB, the histone H2AX is phosphorylated at Serine 139 in a region of several megabase pairs forming discrete nuclear foci detectable by immunofluorescence microscopy. In addition, 53BP1 (p53 binding protein 1) is another important DSB-responsive protein promoting repair of DSB by nonhomologous end-joining while preventing homologous recombination. According to the specific functions of &#947;H2AX and 53BP1, the combined analysis of &#947;H2AX and 53BP1 by immunofluorescence microscopy may be a reasonable approach for a detailed analysis of DSB. This manuscript provides a step-by-step protocol supplemented with methodical notes for performing the technique. Specifically, the influence of the cell cycle on &#947;H2AX foci patterns is demonstrated in normal fibroblasts of the cell line NHDF. Further, the value of the &#947;H2AX foci as a biomarker is depicted in x-ray irradiated lymphocytes of a healthy individual. Finally, genetic instability is investigated in CD34+ cells of a patient with acute myeloid leukemia by immunofluorescence microscopy of &#947;H2AX and 53BP1.

This manuscript provides a protocol for the analysis of DNA double-strand breaks by immunofluorescence microscopy of &#947;H2AX and 53BP1.

ΓH2AX와 53BP1 형성 및 DNA 두 배 물가 틈의 수리 분석에 대 한 면역 형광 검사 현미경 검사 법

DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) are serious DNA lesions. Analysis of the formation and repair of DSB is relevant in a broad spectrum of research areas ...

Therapy Testing in a Spheroid-based 3D Cell Culture Model for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Current treatment options for advanced and recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) enclose radiation and chemo-radiation approaches with or without surgery. While platinum-based chemotherapy regimens currently represent the gold standard in terms of efficacy and are given in the vast majority of cases, new chemotherapy regimens, namely immunotherapy are emerging. However, the response rates and therapy resistance mechanisms for either chemo regimen are hard to predict and remain insufficiently understood. Broad variations of chemo and radiation resistance mechanisms are known to date. This study describes the development of a standardized, high-throughput in vitro assay to assess HNSCC cell line&#39;s response to various therapy regimens, and hopefully on primary cells from individual patients as a future tool for personalized tumor therapy. The assay is designed to being integrated into the quality-controlled standard algorithm for HNSCC patients at our tertiary care center; however, this will be subject of future studies. Technical feasibility looks promising for primary cells from tumor biopsies from actual patients. Specimens are then transferred into the laboratory. Biopsies are mechanically separated followed by enzymatic digestion. Cells are then cultured in ultra-low adhesion cell culture vials that promote the reproducible, standardized and spontaneous formation of three-dimensional, spheroid-shaped cell conglomerates. Spheroids are then ready to be exposed to chemo-radiation protocols and immunotherapy protocols as needed. The final cell viability and spheroid size are indicators of therapy susceptibility and therefore could be drawn into consideration in future to assess the patients&#39; likely therapy response. This model could be a valuable, cost-efficient tool towards personalized therapy for head and neck cancer.

We describe the evolution of a spheroid-based, three-dimensional in vitro model that enables us to test the current standard of experimental therapy regimens for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma on cell lines, aiming at evaluating therapy susceptibility and resistance on primary cells from human specimens in the future.

머리와 목 편평 상피 세포 암에 대 한 회전 타원 체 기반 3D 셀 문화 모델에서 테스트 하는 치료

Current treatment options for advanced and recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) enclose radiation and chemo-radiation approaches with ...

A Comprehensive Procedure to Evaluate the In Vitro Performance of the Putative Hemangioblastoma Neovascularization Using the Spheroid Sprouting Assay

The inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene plays a crucial role in the development of hemangioblastomas (HBs) within the human central nervous system (CNS). However, both the cytological origin and the evolutionary process of HBs (including neovascularization) remain controversial, and anti-angiogenesis for VHL-HBs, based on classic HB angiogenesis, have produced disappointing results in clinical trials. One major obstacle to the successful clinical translation of anti-vascular treatment is the lack of a thorough understanding of neovascularization in this vascular tumor. In this article, we present a comprehensive procedure to evaluate in vitro whether classic tumor angiogenesis exists in HBs, as well as its role in HBs. With this procedure, researchers can accurately understand the complexity of HB neovascularization and identify the function of this common form of angiogenesis in HBs. These protocols can be used to evaluate the most promising anti-vascular therapy for tumors, which has high translational potential either for tumors treatment or for aiding in the optimization of the anti-angiogenic treatment for HBs in future translations. The results highlight the complexity of HB neovascularization and suggest that this common form angiogenesis is only a complementary mechanism in HB neovascularization.

A Comprehensive Procedure to Evaluate the In Vitro Performance of the Putative Hemangioblastoma Neovascularization Using the Spheroid Sprouting Assay

This paper presents a comprehensive procedure to evaluate in vitro whether classic tumor angiogenesis exists in hemangioblastomas (HBs) and its role in HBs. The results highlight the complexity of HB-neovascularization and suggest that this common form of angiogenesis is only a complementary mechanism in the HB-neovascularization.

분석 결과 돋 아 회전 타원 체를 사용 하 여 상 상속 Hemangioblastoma Neovascularization의 생체 외에서 성능을 평가 하는 포괄적인 절차

The inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene plays a crucial role in the development of hemangioblastomas (HBs) within the human ...

A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model

Malignant transformation of melanocytes, the pigment cells of human skin, causes formation of melanoma, a highly aggressive cancer with increased metastatic potential. Recently, mono-chemotherapies continue to improve by melanoma specific combination therapies with targeted kinase inhibitors. Still, metastatic melanoma remains a life-threatening disease because tumors exhibit primary resistance or develop resistance to novel therapies, thereby regaining tumorigenic capacity. In order to improve the therapeutic success of malignant melanoma, the determination of molecular mechanisms conferring resistance against conventional treatment approaches is necessary; however, it requires innovative cellular in vitro models. Here, we introduce an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) organotypic melanoma spheroid model that can portray the in vivo architecture of malignant melanoma and may warrant new insights into intra-tumoral as well as tumor-host interactions. The model incorporates defined numbers of mature and differentiated melanoma spheroids in a 3D human full skin reconstruction model consisting of primary skin cells. The cellular composition and differentiation status of the embedded melanoma spheroids is similar to the one of cutaneous melanoma metastasis in vivo. Using this organotypic melanoma spheroid model as a drug screening platform may support the identification of responders to selected combination therapies, while sparing the unnecessary treatment burden for non-responders, thereby increasing the benefit of therapeutic interventions.

Here, we present a protocol to generate a 3D organotypic melanoma spheroid skin model that recapitulates both the architecture and multicellular complexity of an organ/tumor in vivo but at the same time accommodates systematic experimental intervention.

3D Organotypic 흑색 종 회전 타원 체 피부 모델

Malignant transformation of melanocytes, the pigment cells of human skin, causes formation of melanoma, a highly aggressive cancer with increased ...

Potentiation of Anticancer Antibody Efficacy by Antineoplastic Drugs: Detection of Antibody-drug Synergism Using the Combination Index Equation

Potentiation of hostile monoclonal antibodies (mAb) by chemotherapeutic agents constitutes a valuable strategy for designing effective and safer therapy against cancer. Here we provide a protocol to identify a rational combination at the preclinical step. First, we describe a cell-based assay to assess the synergism between anticancer mAb and cytotoxic drugs, that uses the combination index equation of Chou and Talalay1. This includes the measurement of tumor cell drug- and antibody-sensitivity using an MTT assay, followed by an automated computer analysis to calculate the combination index (CI) values. CI values of &lt;1 indicate synergism between tested mAbs and cytotoxic agents1. To corroborate the in vitro findings in vivo, we further describe a method to assess the combination regimen efficacy in a xenograft tumor model. In this model, the combined regimen significantly delays tumor growth, which results in a significant extended survival in comparison to single-agent controls. Importantly, the in vivo experimentation reveals that the combination regimen is well tolerated. This protocol allows the effective evaluation of anticancer drug combinations in preclinical models and the identification of rational combination to evaluate in clinical trials.

This protocol describes how to assess synergism between an anticancer antibody and antineoplastic drugs in preclinical models by using the combination index equation of Chou and Talalay.

Potentiation Antineoplastic 약물으로 항 암 항 체 효능: 조합 인덱스 방정식을 사용 하 여 항 체-마약 성분의 검출

Potentiation of hostile monoclonal antibodies (mAb) by chemotherapeutic agents constitutes a valuable strategy for designing effective and safer therapy ...

Identification, Histological Characterization, and Dissection of Mouse Prostate Lobes for In Vitro 3D Spheroid Culture Models

Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) serve as effective pre-clinical models for investigating most types of human cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). Understanding the anatomy and histology of the mouse prostate is important for the efficient use and proper characterization of such animal models. The mouse prostate has four distinct pairs of lobes, each with their own characteristics. This article demonstrates the proper method of dissection and identification of mouse prostate lobes for disease analysis. Post-dissection, the prostate cells can be further cultured in vitro for mechanistic understanding. Since mouse prostate primary cells tend to lose their normal characteristics when cultured in vitro, we outline here a method for isolating the cells and growing them as 3D spheroid cultures, which is effective for preserving the physiological characteristics of the cells. These 3D cultures can be used for analyzing cell morphology and behavior in near-physiological conditions, investigating altered levels and localizations of key proteins and pathways involved in the development and progression of a disease, and looking at responses to drug treatments.

Genetically engineered mice are useful models for investigating prostate cancer mechanisms. Here we present a protocol to identify and dissect prostate lobes from a mouse urogenital system, differentiate them based on histology, and isolate and culture the primary prostate cells in vitro as spheroids for downstream analyses.

식별, 조직학 특성화 및 체 외 3D 회전 타원 체 문화 모델에 대 한 마우스 전립선 돌출부의 해 부

Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) serve as effective pre-clinical models for investigating most types of human cancers, including prostate ...

A Spheroid Killing Assay by CAR T Cells

Immunotherapy has become a field of growing interest in the fight against cancer otherwise untreatable. Among all immunotherapeutic methods, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) redirected T cells obtained the most spectacular results, in particular with pediatric B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Classical validation methods of CAR T cells rely on the use of specificity and functionality assays of the CAR T cells against target cells in suspension and in xenograft models. Unfortunately, observations made in vitro are often decoupled from results obtained in vivo and a lot of effort and animals could be spared by adding another step: the use of 3D culture. The production of spheroids out of potential target cells that mimic the 3D structure of the tumor cells when they are engrafted into the animal model represents an ideal alternative. Here, we report an affordable, reliable and easy method to produce spheroids from a transduced colorectal cell line as a validation tool for adoptive cell therapy (exemplified here by CD19 CAR T cells). This method is coupled with an advanced live imaging system that can follow spheroid growth, effector cells cytotoxicity and tumor cell apoptosis.

This protocol is designed to assess immunotherapeutic redirected T-cell (CAR T-cell) cytotoxicity against 3D structured cancerous cells (spheroids) in real time.

자동차 T 세포에 의해 회전 타원 체 살인 분석 결과

Immunotherapy has become a field of growing interest in the fight against cancer otherwise untreatable. Among all immunotherapeutic methods, chimeric ...

Fully Human Tumor-based Matrix in Three-dimensional Spheroid Invasion Assay

Two-dimensional cell culture-based assays are commonly used in in vitro cancer research. However, they lack several basic elements that form the tumor microenvironment. To obtain more reliable in vitro results, several three-dimensional (3D) cell culture assays have been introduced. These assays allow cancer cells to interact with the extracellular matrix. This interaction affects cell behavior, such as proliferation and invasion, as well as cell morphology. Additionally, this interaction could induce or suppress the expression of several pro- and anti-tumorigenic molecules. Spheroid invasion assay was developed to provide a suitable 3D in vitro method to study cancer cell invasion. Currently, animal-derived matrices, such as mouse sarcoma-derived matrix (MSDM) and rat tail type I collagen, are mainly used in the spheroid invasion assays. Taking into consideration the differences between the human tumor microenvironment and animal-derived matrices, a human myoma-derived matrix (HMDM) was developed from benign uterus leiomyoma tissue. It has been shown that HMDM induces migration and invasion of carcinoma cells better than MSDM. This protocol provided a simple, reproducible, and reliable 3D human tumor-based spheroid invasion assay using the HMDM/fibrin matrix. It also includes detailed instructions on imaging and analysis. The spheroids grow in a U-shaped ultra-low attachment plate within the HMDM/fibrin matrix and invade through it. The invasion is daily imaged, measured, and analyzed using ilastik and Fiji ImageJ software. The assay platform was demonstrated using human laryngeal primary and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. However, the protocol is suitable also for other solid cancer cell lines.

Tumor microenvironment is an essential part of cancer growth and invasion. To mimic carcinoma progression, a biologically relevant human matrix is needed. This protocol introduces an improvement for the in vitro three-dimensional spheroid invasion assay by applying a human leiomyoma-based matrix. The protocol also introduces a computer-based cell invasion analysis.

3 차원 세 포스 페 로이드 침입 분석에서 완전 한 인간 종양 기반 매트릭스

Two-dimensional cell culture-based assays are commonly used in in vitro cancer research. However, they lack several basic elements that form the tumor ...

Assessing Cell Viability and Death in 3D Spheroid Cultures of Cancer Cells

Three-dimensional spheroids of cancer cells are important tools for both cancer drug screens and for gaining mechanistic insight into cancer cell biology. The power of this preparation lies in its ability to mimic many aspects of the in vivo conditions of tumors while being fast, cheap, and versatile enough to allow relatively high-throughput screening. The spheroid culture conditions can recapitulate the physico-chemical gradients in a tumor, including the increasing extracellular acidity, increased lactate, and decreasing glucose and oxygen availability, from the spheroid periphery to its core. Also, the mechanical properties and cell-cell interactions of in vivo tumors are in part mimicked by this model. The specific properties and consequently the optimal growth conditions, of 3D spheroids, differ widely between different types of cancer cells. Furthermore, the assessment of cell viability and death in 3D spheroids requires methods that differ in part from those employed for 2D cultures. Here we describe several protocols for preparing 3D spheroids of cancer cells, and for using such cultures to assess cell viability and death in the context of evaluating the efficacy of anticancer drugs.

Here, we present several simple methods for evaluating viability and death in 3D cancer cell spheroids, which mimic the physico-chemical gradients of in vivo tumors much better than the 2D culture. The spheroid model, therefore, allows evaluation of the cancer drug efficacy with improved translation to in vivo conditions.

암세포의 3D 스페로이드 배양에서 세포 생존력과 사망 평가

Three-dimensional spheroids of cancer cells are important tools for both cancer drug screens and for gaining mechanistic insight into cancer cell biology. ...