We would like to acknowledge Mr. Ryohei Suganuma and Ms. Sakie Tachibana who helped perform the research. This study was supported in part by the JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 15K20664, 24500848, and 21500405. This study was also funded in part by the MEXT/JST Tenure Track Promotion Program. A part of this study was based on the Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2011-169881 and the Japanese Patent No. 5708911.

주 : 분석의 방법을 포함하는 장치는, 의료 승인하고, 피험자로 실험 프로토콜을 포함한 일본 국 특허 출원 공개 번호 2011-169881 및 일본 특허 제 5708911. 본 연구에 의해 덮여 가나자와 대학의 윤리위원회 (# 553-1). 땀 모니터링 장치 1. 전제 조건 참고 : 처음 사용하기 전에 한 번만 다음 단계를 수행합니다. <ol><li> 컴퓨터 (27)에 범용 직렬 버스 (USB) 포트 - 시리얼 변환 인터페이스 드라이버를 설치한다. 드라이버가 이미 설치되어있는 경우,이 단계를 건너 뜁니다. </li><li> USB 케이블을 통해 컴퓨터에 USB 직렬 포트 변환 인터페이스를 연결합니다. 있는 경우 자동 드라이버 설치를 기다립니다. </li><li> 변환 인터페이스에 매개 변수를 설정하고 다음과 같이 직렬 포트의 ID 번호를 확인한다. <ol><li> 장치 관리자를 열고 선택 [보기]→ [유형에 의하여 장치]. </li><li> 제목 &quot;포트 (COM &amp; LPT)&quot;을 찾아 목록에서 &quot;UART 브리지하는 CP210x의 USB&quot;를 포함하는 제목을 찾을 수 섹션을 확장합니다. </li><li> 은 &quot;UART 브리지하는 CP210x의 USB&quot;호에 포트 (예를 들어, &quot;COM5&quot;)의 ID 번호를 암기. </li><li> 더블 &quot;, UART 브리지하는 CP210x의 USB의&quot;를 클릭하고 &quot;포트 설정&quot;탭을 엽니 다. </li><li> 다음과 같이 매개 변수를 설정합니다. &quot;초당 비트&quot;= 9600, &quot;데이터 비트&quot;= 8, &quot;패리티&quot;= &quot;없음&quot;, &quot;&quot;= &quot;없음 컨트롤을&quot;= 1, 및 &quot;비트를 중지하지 흐름을&quot; </li><li> 창을 닫고, 장치 관리자를 닫습니다 &quot;OK&quot;버튼을 클릭합니다. </li></ol></li></ol> 땀 모니터링 장치 2. 설치 주 : 디바이스를 사용하기 전에 다음과 같은 녹화 설정을 설정한다. 여러 장치를 사용하는 경우 각 장치에 대해 이러한 단계를 반복합니다. <ol><li> 배터리가 땀 감시 장치에 삽입되지 않았는지 확인합니다. </li><li> 발한 감시 장치의 상단에있는 소켓에 USB 직렬 포트 인터페이스 변환 흰색 커넥터 플러그. </li><li> 다음의 장치 매개 변수를 설정 하였다 발한 기록 소프트웨어를 실행한다. <ol><li> &#39;설정&#39;탭을 엽니 다. </li><li> 시리얼 포트의 ID 번호에 &quot;COM&quot;수를 설정한다 (단계 1.3.3 참조). </li><li> &quot;연결 확인&quot;버튼을 클릭합니다. 메시지 &quot;연결이 ...&quot;가 표시되었는지 확인합니다. </li><li> &quot;데이터 파일 폴더&quot;설정에서 드라이브를 선택하고 땀 데이터가 저장 될 폴더를 선택합니다. 하위 폴더를 선택하려면 두 번 폴더를 열려면 클릭합니다. </li><li> &quot;4&quot;에 &quot;구멍의 수&quot;로 설정 </li></ol></li><li> 은 &quot;측정 및 촬영 설정&quot;탭을 열고 원하는 샘플 시간에 &quot;시간 간격&quot;을 설정합니다. </li><li> 배트를 삽입발한 감시 장치 ERY. </li><li> 건조 실리카 젤 장치 (컬러 표시가 가능한 경우 색이 파란색 또는 녹색이어야 함)를 입력하고 뚜껑을 닫습니다. 덮개가 완전히 닫히지 않으면, 실리카 겔의 양을 감소시킨다. </li><li> 땀 레코딩 소프트웨어에서 &quot;지금 로깅 시작&quot;버튼을 클릭합니다. 주 : 발한 기록 막 절단 후에 시작하기 때문에 모니터링이 개시 될 때까지, 발한 감시 장치가 연결된 상태로있다. </li></ol> 교감 신경 피부 반응의 측정 3. 설정 (SSR) 참고 :이 단계는 손바닥 SSR 등의 교감 활동을 모니터하기위한 것입니다, 반드시 땀 모니터링 자체가 필요하지 않습니다. SSR은 화가 농도 (28, 29)과 교감 각성 자극에 따라 피부 전위의 변화이다. <ol><li> SSR이 기록 될 피부를 깨끗하게알코올 면봉으로. </li><li> 전극 용 페이스트를 이용하여 각각의 손등, 손바닥에 양극, 음극, 및 접지 전극을 넣고 손목. 의료 테이프로 전극을 고정합니다. </li><li> 감도 = 1 MV / V, 하이 컷 필터를 ( &quot;HI CUT&quot;) = 3 kHz에서, 그리고 로우 컷 필터 ( &quot;LO CUT&quot;) = 0.5 : 다음과 같이 앰프의 해당 노브를 돌려 계측 증폭기의 조건을 설정 Hz에서. </li><li> SSR의 기록 소프트웨어를 실행하고 소프트웨어의 &quot;측정 시작 &#39;버튼을 클릭하여 200 Hz의 샘플링 레이트에서의 기록을 시작한다. </li></ol> 땀 4. 기록 <ol><li> 땀 감시 장치의 바닥에 의료 양면 테이프를 넣습니다. 테이프를 놓을 때 측정 창 (장치의 하단에, 즉 4 개의 구멍)가 막혀 있지 않은지 확인합니다. </li><li> 금연실,의 USB 직렬 포트에서 땀 감시 장치를 분리rsion 인터페이스를 제공합니다. 즉시 분리 한 후, 땀 모니터링이 자동으로 시작 관찰합니다. 는 LED 램프가 점멸되어 있는지 확인합니다. </li><li> 의료용 양면 테이프의 박리 라이너를 제거하고, 땀을 모니터링 할 수있는 피부에 발한 감시 장치를 넣어. </li><li> 수증기 확산의 안정화를위한 10 분을 기다립니다. 주 :이 프로세스를 모니터링 할 수 있지만, 이전의 연구는 10 분 대기하여 안정적인 감시 26에 충분한 것으로 확인되었다. </li><li> 시험 (예를 들어, 교감 신경 활성 시험)을 시작합니다. </li><li> 시험 후, 피부에서 땀 감시 장치를 제거합니다. SSR의 기록을 중지하려면 SSR 레코딩 ​​소프트웨어에서 &quot;중지 측정&quot;버튼을 클릭하고 피부에서 모든 전극을 제거합니다. </li></ol> 5. 땀 분석 <ol><li> 의 USB 직렬 포트 변환 interfa에 땀 감시 장치를 연결CE (단계 2.2에서와 같이). </li><li> 땀 모니터링 소프트웨어를 실행합니다. </li><li> &#39;설정&#39;탭을 열고 &quot;연결 확인&quot;버튼을 클릭합니다. </li><li> 은 &quot;측정 및 촬영 설정&quot;탭을 열고 지정된 폴더에있는 장치의 원시 데이터를 저장하기 위해 &quot;다운로드&quot;버튼을 클릭한다 (단계 2.3.4 참조). </li><li> 다음과 같이 땀 분석을 수행합니다. <ol><li> 은 &quot;분석&quot;탭을 열고 클릭 &quot;데이터를 읽어 파일을.&quot; &quot;열기 파일&quot;대화 팝 업을 준수하십시오. 단계 5.4에서 저장된 파일을 선택하고 &quot;열기&quot;버튼을 클릭합니다. 주 : 소프트웨어가 자동적으로 문서 (26) 방법에 기초하여 땀의 분석을 수행하고, 결과를 화면에 표시한다. 동시에, 쉼표로 구분 된 값 형식으로 땀 데이터는 같은 폴더에 저장됩니다. </li></ol></li></ol>

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Phys. 38 (4), 391-397 (2016).</li><li>Claus, D., Schondorf, R., Deuschl, G., Eisen, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sympathetic+skin+response.">Sympathetic skin response.</a> Recommendations for the Practice of Clinical Neurophysiology Guidelines of the International Federation of Clinical Physiology (EEG Suppl. 52). , 277-282 (1999).</li><li>Emad, M., Roshanzamir, S., Dabbaghmanesh, A., Ghasempoor, M. Z., Eivazlou, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inclusion+of+Height+and+Limb+Length+when+Interpreting+Sympathetic+Skin+Response.">Inclusion of Height and Limb Length when Interpreting Sympathetic Skin Response.</a> Iran J Med Sci. 41 (1), 48-52 (2016).</li></ol>

The author Fukuoka Masakazu is the president of the Rousette Strategy Inc., where the developed device was assembled. No financial support was received from either Fukuoka Masakazu or the Rousette Strategy Inc.

이 문서의 목적은 신규 무선 땀 감시 장치의 사용을 소개하는 것이다. 기술의 최근 진보에 의해, 시간 발한 모니터링보다 정확하고 취급이 용이 한 방법이 제안되어있다; 통풍 실 (24, 25) 및 방법 증기압 확산법 (23)는 대표적인 예이다. 그러나, 통풍 실 방법은 건조 질소 혹은 건조 분위기를 생성하기 위해 건조제 펌프의 사용을 필요로하고, 이에 따라, 외부 커지는 경향이있다. 증기...

일반적으로 &quot;땀&quot;로 알려진 인간의 땀은 체온 1 단기구 아니지만, 또한 질환의 특정 유형에 관한 것이다. 열사병, 하이퍼 또는 갑상선 기능 저하증이, 뇌 경색 (3), 당뇨병 (4), 자율 신경 (5), 폐경 ( &quot;핫 플래시&quot;로 알려진) 6, 낭포 성 섬유증 (7), 파킨슨 병 (8), 사회 : 이상 땀의 원인을 포함하여 광범위 불안 장애 (9). 땀 습관병의 수의 관점에서, 그러한 질병의 조기 진단 또는 예측 발한 속도를 모니터링하는 유익한 고려되고있다 (예를 들면, 열사병 예방) 유비쿼터스 방식 십인치 현재까지, 땀 모니터링 장치 소수만이 제안되어있다. 초기에, 피부 전도도와 상대 습도는 간접 내가 사용 하였다땀 (11, 12)의 양 ndices. 이들은 땀 전해질 분석보다는 양이나 땀의 시간적 패턴 의도되지만 최근 발한 모니터링 유연 착용 센서 여러 가지가 13-19 제안되어있다. 수증기 확산 계산 피부 20-23 물 교환을 모니터링하는 양적인 방법에 이용되었다. 그러나이 소모 수증기 (21, 22), 또는 (3)에 냉매 (예를 들어, 펠티에 소자의 자연적인 흐름을 감지하는 (1) 외부의 분위기가 여전히 있음을 가정하고 일정 20 (2)에 충분한 감도를 필요 전기 상당량)을 액체 (23)에 수증기를 응축하는 단계; 따라서, 그들은 매일 장기간 모니터링 어려울 수도있다. 대안으로서, 통풍 실 20,24,25 방법을 개발 하였다. 통풍 실 방법, 건조 질소 또는 제습 공기에서피부로부터 증발 된 수증기의 질소 가스 탱크 나 펌프, 가스의 피부에 인접하는 작은 챔버 내에 침투되어 수집된다. 피부로부터의 수증기의 양은 출구 및 입구 가스의 습도의 차이로부터 계산 될 수있다. 이 방법은 매우 정밀 땀의 양을 추정 할 수 있지만, 질소 가스 탱크 또는 기계적 펌프 충분히 매일 모니터링을 방해하는 것은 일반적으로 크다. 이러한 단점을 해결하기 위해 최근에는 건조제 구동 적용 수증기 흐름 밀폐 챔버 민감한 장기 모니터링 26 활성화되는 땀 모니터링을위한 신규 한 장치를 개발했다. 이 장치는 기록 프로세서, 실리카겔 (도 1)를 원통형 플라스틱 외부 온도 / 상대 습도 (T / RH) 센서로 구성된다. 원칙적으로, 외부 분위기가 수증기 흘러 냉매 또는 ventilatin 방해하지 않아야g 실이 필요하지 않습니다. 땀 프로파일은 스프레드 시트 소프트웨어 (26)를 이용하여 해결하는 식으로 얻을 수있다. 이전의 연구는 현상 장치의 원리를 도시하고 있기 때문에 공간을 제한하는 장치를 사용하는 방법에 대한 구체적인 방법은 생략되었다. 이 문서의 목적은, 따라서, 예로서 동정 활성 시험 동안 스트레스 - 유도 손바닥 땀의 기록을 표시하여, 땀 모니터링을 위해 개발 된 장치를 사용하는 방법에 대한 상세한 방법을 도시한다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1173">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td colspan="4" height="21" style="height:21px;width:1173px;">Required for perspiration monitoring</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Perspiration monitoring device</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Rousette Strategy Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">SNT-200</td>
			<td style="width:465px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">USB-serial port conversion interface</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Rousette Strategy Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">UUI-200</td>
			<td style="width:465px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Perspiration recording software</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Rousette Strategy Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">TED99</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Silica gel</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">194-16665</td>
			<td>Type A silica gel should be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Medical double-sided tape</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">3M</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">2181</td>
			<td>Medical grade is recommended because of the attachment to the skin.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Computer</td>
			<td style="width:264px;"></td>
			<td style="width:127px;"></td>
			<td>Requires Windows operating system.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Name</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Catalog</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td colspan="4" height="21" style="height:21px;width:1173px;">Required for the monitoring of sympathetic skin response</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Instrumentation amplifier</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Nihon Kohden Corp.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">AB-611J</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Amplifier chassis</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Nihon Kohden Corp.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">MEG-6108</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Input box</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Nihon Kohden Corp.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">JB-610B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Alcohol swab</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Suzuran Sanitary Goods Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">4545766050846</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Electrodes</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Nihon Kohden Corp.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">NE-114A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Electrode paste</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Nihon Kohden Corp.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Z-401CE</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Medical tape</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Nichiban Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">SG257</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Analog signal interface</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Micro Science K.K.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">C BOX-014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">Analog-to-digital converter</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Micro Science K.K.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">ADM-686PCI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:317px;">SSR recording software</td>
			<td style="width:264px;">Matsuyama Advance Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">LaBDAQ2000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a detailed protocol for perspiration monitoring using a novel, small, wireless device

땀 모니터링이 환자는 질환 또는 모르고 곤란 증상 발현을 데 특히 체온 조절 및 정신 질환과 같은 특정 질환의 검출에 이용 될 수있다. 지금까지 땀 모니터링을위한 여러 장치가 개발되어왔다; 그러나, 이러한 장치는 상대적으로 큰 외부 상당한 전력 소비 및 / 또는 덜 민감도를 갖는 경향이있다. 최근에, 우리는 땀 모니터링을위한 소형 무선 장치를 개발했다. 이 장치는 작은 원통형의 외부에서 건조제로서 온도 / 상대 습도 (T / RH) 센서, 배터리 구동 작은 데이터 로거 실리카겔 구성된다. T 개의 / RH 센서는 검출 창 (통해 피부로부터의 수증기가 유입)하고 실리카겔 사이에 배치된다. 발한 감시 장치의 기본 원리는 수증기 플럭스 F 것을 의미 픽 (Fick)의 확산 법칙에 기초실리카 겔 (예 : 경피 수분 손실 땀)에 피부 ROM하는 T 개의 / RH 센서의 습도 변화에 의해 포착 될 수있다. 또한, 기준 감산 방법이 땀 경피 수분 손실을 구별하기 위해 채택되었다. 이전의 리포트에 도시 된 바와 같이, 현상 장치는 쉬운 무선으로 신체의 어느 부위에서의 발한을 모니터링 할 수있다. 그러나, 장치를 사용하는 방법에 대한 상세한 방법은 아직 개시되지 않았다. 이 글에서, 그러므로, 우리는 예로서 교감 피부 반응 모니터링과 교감 활성 시험을 보여줌으로써, 땀 모니터링 장치를 사용하는 방법의 포인트 별 튜토리얼을 보여 드리고자합니다.

땀 모니터링 (도 1)와 픽의 법칙 기반 연산이 새로운 장치를 사용하여 시간적 땀 프로필 쉬운 무선 방식으로 얻을 수있다. (2)은 교감 활성 시험 중에 무선 땀 모니터링의 대표 데이터를 도시한다. 실험에서, 발한 모니터링 장치는, 교감 신경 피부 반응 (SSR) 모니터링 전극과 함께, 환자의 손바닥에 부착 하였다. 교감 신경 활성 시험의 ?...

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A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device

Recently, we developed a small wireless device for perspiration monitoring. In this article, we present detailed protocols on how to use the device for perspiration monitoring with an example of the sympathetic activity test.

소설을 사용하여 땀 모니터링에 대한 자세한 프로토콜, 소형, 무선 장치

Perspiration monitoring can be utilized for the detection of certain diseases, such as thermoregulation and mental disorders, particularly when the ...

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7.8K 조회수.  Kanazawa University. Recently, we developed a small wireless device for perspiration monitoring. In this article, we present detailed protocols on how to use the device for perspiration monitoring with an example of the sympathetic activity test.

비디오: A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device

Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A Novel Non-invasive Technique to Quantify Small Fibre Pathology in Peripheral Neuropathies

The accurate quantification of peripheral neuropathy is important to define at risk patients, anticipate deterioration, and assess new therapies. Conventional methods assess neurological deficits and electrophysiology and quantitative sensory testing quantifies functional alterations to detect neuropathy. However, the earliest damage appears to be to the small fibres and yet these tests primarily assess large fibre dysfunction and have a limited ability to demonstrate regeneration and repair. The only techniques which allow a direct examination of unmyelinated nerve fibre damage and repair are sural nerve biopsy with electron microscopy and skin-punch biopsy. However, both are invasive procedures and require lengthy laboratory procedures and considerable expertise. Corneal Confocal microscopy is a non-invasive clinical technique which provides in-vivo imaging of corneal nerve fibres. We have demonstrated early nerve damage, which precedes loss of intraepidermal nerve fibres in skin biopsies together with stratification of neuropathic severity and repair following pancreas transplantation in diabetic patients. We have also demonstrated nerve damage in idiopathic small fibre neuropathy and Fabry's disease.

Corneal Confocal microscopy is a non-invasive clinical technique which may be used to quantify C fibre damage to diagnose and stratify patients with increasing neuropathic severity.

각막 공촛점 현미경 : 주변 Neuropathies에 작은 광섬유 병리를 정할 소설 비침습 기술

The accurate quantification of peripheral neuropathy is important to define at risk patients, anticipate deterioration, and assess new therapies. ...

연구

의학

A Novel Technique of Rescuing Capsulorhexis Radial Tear-out using a Cystotome

Part 1 : Purpose: To demonstrate a capsulorhexis radial tear out rescue technique using a cystotome on a virtual reality cataract surgery simulator and in a human eye. Part 2 : Method: Steps: When a capsulorhexis begins to veer radially towards the periphery beyond the pupillary margin the following steps should be applied without delay. 2.1) Stop further capsulorhexis manoeuvre and reassess the situation. 2.2) Fill the anterior chamber with ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD). We recommend mounting the cystotome to a syringe containing OVD so that the anterior chamber can be reinflated rapidly. 2.3) The capsulorhexis flap is then left unfolded on the lens surface. 2.4) The cystotome tip is tilted horizontally to avoid cutting or puncturing the flap and is engaged on the flap near the leading edge of the tear but not too close to the point of tear. 2.5) Gently push or pull the leading edge of tear opposite to the direction of tear. 2.6) The leading tearing edge will start to do a 'U-Turn'. Maintain the tension on the flap until the tearing edge returns to the desired trajectory. Part 3 : Results: Using our technique, a surgeon can respond instantly to radial tear out without having to change surgical instruments. Changing surgical instruments at this critical stage runs a risk of further radial tear due to sudden shallowing of anterior chamber as a result of forward pressure from the vitreous. Our technique also has the advantage of reducing corneal wound distortion and subsequent anterior chamber collapse. Part 4 : Discussion The EYESI Surgical Simulator is a realistic training platform for surgeons to practice complex capsulorhexis tear-out techniques. Capsulorhexis is the most important and complex part of phacoemulsification and endocapsular intraocular lens implantation procedure. A successful cataract surgery depends on achieving a good capsulorhexis. During capsulorhexis, surgeons may face a challenging situation like a capsulorhexis radial tear-out. A surgeon must learn to tackle the problem promptly without making the situation worse. Some other methods of rescuing the situation have been described using a capsulorhexis forceps. However, we believe our method is quicker, more effective and easier to manipulate as demonstrated on the EYESi surgical simulator and on a human eye. Acknowledgments: List acknowledgements and funding sources. We would like to thank Dr. Wael El Gendy, for video clip. Disclosures: describe potential conflicting interests or state We have nothing to disclose. References: 1. Brian C. Little, Jennifer H. Smith, Mark Packer. J Cataract Refract Surg 2006; 32:1420 1422, Issue-9. 2. Neuhann T. Theorie und Operationstechnik der Kapsulorhexis. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 1987; 1990: 542-545. 3. Gimbel HV, Neuhann T. Development, advantages and methods of the continuous circular capsulorhexis technique. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1990; 16: 31-37. 4. Gimbel HV, Neuhann T. Continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis. (letter) J Cataract Refract Sur. 1991; 17: 110-111.

Capsulorhexis is an important step in phacoemulsification surgery. A surgeon creates a continous curvilinear tear on the anterior lens capsule by controlling the tearing vector forces. A peripherally extended tear is a serious complication. This video demonstrates a novel technique of rescuing capsular radial tear out using a cystotome.

Cystotome를 사용하여 방사형 구조 Capsulorhexis의 소설 기술 테어 아웃

Part 1 : Purpose:   To demonstrate a capsulorhexis radial tear out rescue technique using a cystotome on a virtual reality cataract surgery simulator and ...

The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress

This article demonstrates a psychological stress protocol for use in a laboratory setting. Protocols that allow researchers to study the biological pathways of the stress response in health and disease are fundamental to the progress of research in stress and anxiety.1 Although numerous protocols exist for inducing stress response in the laboratory, many neglect to provide a naturalistic context or to incorporate aspects of social and psychological stress. Of psychological stress protocols, meta-analysis suggests that the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) is the most useful and appropriate standardized protocol for studies of stress hormone reactivity.2 In the original description of the TSST, researchers sought to design and evaluate a procedure capable of inducing a reliable stress response in the majority of healthy volunteers.3 These researchers found elevations in heart rate, blood pressure and several endocrine stress markers in response to the TSST (a psychological stressor) compared to a saline injection (a physical stressor).3 Although the TSST has been modified to meet the needs of various research groups, it generally consists of a waiting period upon arrival, anticipatory speech preparation, speech performance, and verbal arithmetic performance periods, followed by one or more recovery periods. The TSST requires participants to prepare and deliver a speech, and verbally respond to a challenging arithmetic problem in the presence of a socially evaluative audience.3 Social evaluation and uncontrollability have been identified as key components of stress induction by the TSST.4 In use for over a decade, the goal of the TSST is to systematically induce a stress response in order to measure differences in reactivity, anxiety and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) or sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) axis during the task.1 Researchers generally assess changes in self-reported anxiety, physiological measures (e.g. heart rate), and/or neuroendocrine indices (e.g. the stress hormone cortisol) in response to the TSST. Many investigators have adopted salivary sampling for stress markers such as cortisol and alpha-amylase (a marker of autonomic nervous system activation) as an alternative to blood sampling to reduce the confounding stress of blood-collection techniques. In addition to changes experienced by an individual completing the TSST, researchers can compare changes between different treatment groups (e.g. clinical versus healthy control samples) or the effectiveness of stress-reducing interventions.1

This article describes a protocol for inducing psychological stress in participants, which enables researchers to measure psychological, physiological and neuroendocrine responses to stress within single participants or between groups.

심리적 스트레스를 유발을위한 모금 사회 스트레스 테스트 프로토콜

This article demonstrates a psychological stress protocol for use in a laboratory setting.  Protocols that allow researchers to study the biological ...

Protocol for Long Duration Whole Body Hyperthermia in Mice

Hyperthermia is a general term used to define the increase in core body temperature above normal. It is often used to describe the increased core body temperature that is observed during fever. The use of hyperthermia as an adjuvant has emerged as a promising procedure for tumor regression in the field of cancer biology. For this purpose, the most important requirement is to have reliable and uniform heating protocols. We have developed a protocol for hyperthermia (whole body) in mice. In this protocol, animals are exposed to cycles of hyperthermia for 90 min followed by a rest period of 15 min. During this period mice have easy access to food and water. High body temperature spikes in the mice during first few hyperthermia exposure cycles are prevented by immobilizing the animal. Additionally, normal saline is administered in first few cycles to minimize the effects of dehydration. This protocol can simulate fever like conditions in mice up to 12-24 hr. We have used 8-12 weeks old BALB/Cj female mice to demonstrate the protocol.

This paper describes a protocol for whole body hyperthermia in mice that can stimulate fever like conditions up to 12-24 hr.

마우스의 긴 기간 온 몸이 고열에 대한 프로토콜

Hyperthermia is a general term used to define the increase in core body temperature above normal. It is often used to describe the increased core body ...

Collection Protocol for Human Pancreas

This dissection and sampling procedure was developed for the Network for Pancreatic Organ Donors with Diabetes (nPOD) program to standardize preparation of pancreas recovered from cadaveric organ donors. The pancreas is divided into 3 main regions (head, body, tail) followed by serial transverse sections throughout the medial to lateral axis. Alternating sections are used for fixed paraffin and fresh frozen blocks and remnant samples are minced for snap frozen sample preparations, either with or without RNAse inhibitors, for DNA, RNA, or protein isolation. The overall goal of the pancreas dissection procedure is to sample the entire pancreas while maintaining anatomical orientation.
Endocrine cell heterogeneity in terms of islet composition, size, and numbers is reported for human islets compared to rodent islets 1. The majority of human islets from the pancreas head, body and tail regions are composed of insulin-containing &beta;-cells followed by lower proportions of glucagon-containing &alpha;-cells and somatostatin-containing &delta;-cells. Pancreatic polypeptide-containing PP cells and ghrelin-containing epsilon cells are also present but in small numbers. In contrast, the uncinate region contains islets that are primarily composed of pancreatic polypeptide-containing PP cells 2. These regional islet variations arise from developmental differences. The pancreas develops from the ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds in the foregut and after rotation of the stomach and duodenum, the ventral lobe moves and fuses with the dorsal 3. The ventral lobe forms the posterior portion of the head including the uncinate process while the dorsal lobe gives rise to the rest of the organ. Regional pancreatic variation is also reported with the tail region having higher islet density compared to other regions and the dorsal lobe-derived components undergoing selective atrophy in type 1 diabetes4,5.
Additional organs and tissues are often recovered from the organ donors and include pancreatic lymph nodes, spleen and non-pancreatic lymph nodes. These samples are recovered with similar formats as for the pancreas with the addition of isolation of cryopreserved cells. When the proximal duodenum is included with the pancreas, duodenal mucosa may be collected for paraffin and frozen blocks and minced snap frozen preparations.

This video demonstrates a dissection procedure for processing human pancreas into multiple storage formats. Anatomical orientation is maintained throughout the pancreatic regions to allow definition of regional islet composition and density.

인간의 췌장을위한 컬렉션 프로토콜

This dissection and sampling procedure was developed for the Network for Pancreatic Organ Donors with Diabetes (nPOD) program to standardize preparation ...

Parabiosis in Mice: A Detailed Protocol

Parabiosis is a surgical union of two organisms allowing sharing of the blood circulation. Attaching the skin of two animals promotes formation of microvasculature at the site of inflammation. Parabiotic partners share their circulating antigens and thus are free of adverse immune reaction. First described by Paul Bert in 18641, the parabiosis surgery was refined by Bunster and Meyer in 1933 to improve animal survival2. In the current protocol, two mice are surgically joined following a modification of the Bunster and Meyer technique. Animals are connected through the elbow and knee joints followed by attachment of the skin allowing firm support that prevents strain on the sutured skin. Herein, we describe in detail the parabiotic joining of a ubiquitous GFP expressing mouse to a wild type (WT) mouse. Two weeks after the procedure, the pair is separated and GFP positive cells can be detected by flow cytometric analysis in the blood circulation of the WT mouse. The blood chimerism allows one to examine the contribution of the circulating cells from one animal in the other.

Parabiotic joining of two organisms leads to the development of a shared circulatory system. In this protocol, we describe the surgical steps to form a parabiotic connection between a wild-type mouse and a constitutive GFP-expressing mouse.

마우스의 Parabiosis : 자세한 프로토콜

Parabiosis is a surgical union of two organisms allowing sharing of the blood circulation. Attaching the skin of two animals promotes formation of ...

A Simple Device to Rapidly Prepare Whole Mounts of the Mouse Intestine

Preparing whole mounts of the mouse small intestine and colon for subsequent analysis or quantification can be time consuming and difficult. We describe the use of a simple device to cut and &#8216;roll&#8217; mouse intestines to rapidly prepare whole mount preparations of superior and uniform quality to that which can be achieved by hand. The device comprises a base that holds 4 stainless steel rods and a top, which acts a cutting guide. The rods are inserted into the lumen of the small intestine [divided into thirds] and the colon. The rods and samples are then placed over a piece of filter paper or card into the holding slots in the base of the device. The top of the device is then positioned and serves as a cutting guide. The two angled sections in the center of the top piece are used to guide a knife or scalpel and cut the intestines longitudinally on the top of the rods. Once the intestinal sections have been cut, the top is removed and the card,&#160;tissue and rods gently removed from the device and placed on the bench. The rods are then gently rolled sideways to flatten and stick the intestinal segments onto the underlying piece of filter paper or card. The final preparation can then be examined or fixed and stored for later analysis. The preparations are invaluable for the study of intestinal changes in normal or genetically modified mouse models. The preparations have been used for the study and quantification of the effects of inflammation (colitis), damage, pre-cancerous lesions (aberrant crypt foci (ACFs) and mucin depleted foci (MDFs)) and polyps or tumors.

The use of a simple device to cut and &#8216;roll&#8217; mouse intestines to rapidly prepare whole mount preparations is described.

간단한 장치는 빠르게 마우스 소장의 전체 마운트를 준비하는 방법

Preparing whole mounts of the mouse small intestine and colon for subsequent analysis or quantification can be time consuming and difficult. We describe ...

A Detailed Protocol for Physiological Parameters Acquisition and Analysis in Neurosurgical Critical Patients

Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is now widely used in neurosurgical critical patients. Besides mean ICP value, the ICP derived parameters such as ICP waveform, amplitude of pulse (AMP), the correlation of ICP amplitude and ICP mean (RAP), pressure reactivity index (PRx), ICP and arterial blood pressure (ABP) wave amplitude correlation (IAAC), and so on, can reflect intracranial status, predict prognosis, and can also be used as guidance of proper treatment. However, most of the clinicians focus only on the mean ICP value while ignoring these parameters because of the limitations of the current devices. We have recently developed a multimodality monitoring system to address these drawbacks. This portable, user-friendly system will use a data collecting and storing device to continuously acquire patients&#39; physiological parameters first, i.e., ABP, ICP, and oxygen saturation, and then analyze these physiological parameters. We hope that the multimodality monitoring system will be accepted as a key measure to monitor physiological parameters, to analyze the current clinical status, and to predict the prognosis of the neurosurgical critical patients.

Recently, we have developed a portable multimodality monitoring system for the monitoring of various physiological parameters in neurosurgical critical patients. Detailed protocols on how to use this multimodality monitoring system are presented here.

생리 적인 매개 변수에 대 한 자세한 프로토콜 수집 및 신경외과 중요 한 환자 분석

Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is now widely used in neurosurgical critical patients. Besides mean ICP value, the ICP derived parameters such as ...

In Vivo Evaluation of Fracture Callus Development During Bone Healing in Mice Using an MRI-compatible Osteosynthesis Device for the Mouse Femur

Endochondral fracture healing is a complex process involving the development of fibrous, cartilaginous, and osseous tissue in the fracture callus. The amount of the different tissues in the callus provides important information on the fracture healing progress. Available in vivo techniques to longitudinally monitor the callus tissue development in preclinical fracture-healing studies using small animals include digital radiography and &#181;CT imaging. However, both techniques are only able to distinguish between mineralized and non-mineralized tissue. Consequently, it is impossible to discriminate cartilage from fibrous tissue. In contrast, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visualizes anatomical structures based on their water content and might therefore be able to noninvasively identify soft tissue and cartilage in the fracture callus. Here, we report the use of an MRI-compatible external fixator for the mouse femur to allow MRI scans during bone regeneration in mice. The experiments demonstrated that the fixator and a custom-made mounting device allow repetitive MRI scans, thus enabling longitudinal analysis of fracture-callus tissue development.

In Vivo Evaluation of Fracture Callus Development During Bone Healing in Mice Using an MRI-compatible Osteosynthesis Device for the Mouse Femur

The evaluation of tissue development in the fracture callus during endochondral bone healing is essential to monitor the healing process. Here, we report the use of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible external fixator for the mouse femur to allow MRI scans during bone regeneration in mice.

Vivo에서 골절 뼈 쥐 마우스 대 퇴 골에 대 한 MRI-호환 Osteosynthesis 장치를 사용 하 여 치료 기간 동안 굳은 살 개발의 평가

Endochondral fracture healing is a complex process involving the development of fibrous, cartilaginous, and osseous tissue in the fracture callus. The ...

An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney

Preservation of glomerular structure and function is pivotal in the prevention of glomerulonephritis, a category of kidney disease characterized by proteinuria which can eventually lead to chronic and end-stage renal disease. The glomerulus is a complex apparatus responsible for the filtration of plasma from the body. In disease, structural integrity is lost and allows for the abnormal leakage of plasma contents into the urine. A method to isolate and examine glomeruli in culture is critical for the study of these diseases. In this protocol, an efficient method of retrieving intact glomeruli from adult rat kidneys while conserving structural and morphological characteristics is described. This process is capable of generating high yields of glomeruli per kidney with minimal contamination from other nephron segments. With these glomeruli, injury conditions can be mimicked by incubating them with a variety of chemical toxins, including protamine sulfate, which causes foot process effacement and proteinuria in animal models. Degree of injury can be assessed using transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting. Nephrin and Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) levels can also be assessed from these cultures. Due to the ease and flexibility of this protocol, the isolated glomeruli can be utilized as described or in a way that best suits the needs of the researcher to help better study glomerular health and structure in diseased states.

The main focus of this protocol is to efficiently isolate viable primary glomeruli cultures with minimal contaminants for use in a variety of downstream applications. The isolated glomeruli retain structural relationships between component cell types and can be cultured ex vivo for a short time.

그대로 Glomeruli 성인 쥐 신장에서 분리 하는 효율적인 체질 하 방법

Preservation of glomerular structure and function is pivotal in the prevention of glomerulonephritis, a category of kidney disease characterized by ...