Name: a high performance impedance-based platform for evaporation rate detection
Uploaded: 2016-10-17T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 39 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A High Performance Impedance-based Platform for Evaporation Rate Detection at JoVE.com

이 작품은 허가 번호 MOST 104-2221-E-241-001-MY3에서, 과학 기술, 대만 교육부가 후원하고 가장 105-2627-B-005-002했다.

1. 실험 칩 모듈 <ol><li> 인듐 주석 산화물 (ITO), 포토 리소그래피, 화학적 습식 에칭 공정에 의해 전극 칩을 제조 <ol><li> 상업적 2,600 Å ITO 층을 가진 ITO 기판 (370mm × 480 mm X 0.5 mm (L x 폭 x 높이))를 얻습니다 (자료 목록을 참조하십시오). 4 인치 얼 라이너의 ITO 전극 패터닝 공정 용 유리 커터와 X 90mm X 0.5 mm 90mm의 크기에 ITO 기판을 슬라이스. </li><li> 15 분마다, 탈 이온수로 아세톤과 ITO 유리를 청소, 초음파 세정기를 사용. 깨끗하고 건조 공기로 ITO 유리를 닦아냅니다. </li><li> 이토 유리의 표면 상에 포지티브 형 포토 레지스트 용액 5 ㎖를 분배. </li><li> 균일 한 포토 레지스트 층을 생성하기 위해 30 초 동안 500 XG에 스핀 코터를 사용한다. 5 분 레지스트 과잉 용매를 구동하기 위해 90 ℃의 핫 플레이트에서 굽는다. </li><li> 3.1 초 t에 대한 436 nm의 자외선의 14 mW의에 ITO 유리를 노출설계된 패턴 필름 포토 마스크 hrough (자료 목록을 참조하십시오). </li><li> 패터닝 된 루트를 개발하는 30 초 동안 23 ° C에서 60 ml의 개발 용액 샘플을 담근다. 10 분의 포토 레지스트를 경화 포토 레지스트의 밀착성을 향상시키기 위해 그 후 120 ℃에서 열판에서 굽는다. </li><li> 비보호 ITO 층을 에칭하기 위해, 80 ℃에서 용액을 60 ml의 에칭에서 3 분 동안 샘플을 담근다. </li><li> 이토 유리의 표면에 포토 레지스트를 제거하기 위해 60 ml의 아세톤에 1 분 동안 샘플을 담가. </li><li> 유리 커터와 실험 ITO 전극 칩 X 35mm 62mm (그림 1)의 크기에 ITO 유리 조각. </li></ol></li></ol><img alt="그림 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/54575/54575fig1.jpg" /> 그림 1 :. ITO 전극 온칩가 표시됩니다 전극 패턴 노선 8 쌍의 ITO 칩을 제작. (15) 전극이 있습니다<html> 측 가장자리에 2mm × 8 mm로 측정하고, 중앙 두 경로는 동일 전극을 공유한다. 시험 잘 전극 지 각 쌍 사이의 거리가 7mm이다. <a href="https://jove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/files/ftp_upload/54575/54575fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">이 그림의 더 큰 버전을 보려면 여기를 클릭하십시오.</a> <ol start="2"><li> 실험 칩 모듈을 구축 <ol><li> 15 분마다, 세제, 다음 탈 이온수 후 95 %의 에탄올을 한 후, 탈 이온수로도 2에 도시 된 바와 같이, 초음파 세정기로 상업적 8 웰 실리콘 배열을 청소한다. </li><li> 깨끗하고 건조 공기를 불어로 8 웰 실리콘 배열을 건조시킵니다. </li><li> 실험 칩 모듈 (도 3)을 형성하기 위해 ITO 칩에 8 웰 실리콘 배열을 누른다. 단단히 실리콘 어레이 및 ITO 칩을 결합한다. </li></ol></li></ol>54575fig2.jpg &quot;/&gt; 그림 2 :. 실리콘 잘 배열 상업적 8 잘 실리콘 어레이는 동시에 8 테스트 샘플을 보유 할 수 있습니다. 각 웰의 크기는 × 8 mm X 8.5 mm (L x 폭 x 높이) 11mm입니다. <a href="https://jove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/files/ftp_upload/54575/54575fig2large.jpg" target="_blank">이 그림의 더 큰 버전을 보려면 여기를 클릭하십시오.</a> <img alt="그림 3" src="/files/ftp_upload/54575/54575fig3.jpg" /> 도 3. 실험 칩 모듈 ITO 전극 칩 실험 칩 모듈을 형성하는 8 웰 실리콘 어레이에 부착된다. 실리콘 어레이와 ITO 칩 사이의 밀착성이 강하다. 따라서, 실리콘 배열 및 접착 물질없이 사용하기 위해 함께 결합 할 수있는 ITO 칩. <a href="https://jove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/files/ftp_upload/54575/54575fig3large.jpg" target="_blank">이 그림의 더 큰 버전을 보려면 여기를 클릭하십시오.</a> 2. 임피던스 측정 <ol><li> 도 4에 도시 된 바와 같이 임피던스 판독 모듈을 형성 할 수있는 퍼스널 컴퓨터, 잠금 증폭기, 스위치 및 릴레이를 연결한다. </li></ol><img alt="그림 4" src="/files/ftp_upload/54575/54575fig4.jpg" /> 그림 4 :. 임피던스 기반 장치의 회로도는 잠금 증폭기, 스위치 릴레이, 개인 컴퓨터는 임피던스 판독 모듈을 포함한다. 상업 상 민감한 잠금 증폭기는 전기 신호를 전송하고 추출하는 데 사용됩니다. 다양한 ITO 칩을 연결하는 제 스위치 릴레이 회로를 테스트 할 잘되는 어느 ITO 칩을 지정하는 데 사용됩니다. 칩 (6)의 총 시간 공유 방식으로 시료 (48)를 지정하는 절환 릴레이에 연결될 수있다. 저항 시험 용액의 신호 위상 시프트 전체 evaporat위한 PC에 연속적으로 기록되어 동상 실시간이온 프로세스입니다. <a href="https://jove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/files/ftp_upload/54575/54575fig4large.jpg" target="_blank">이 그림의 더 큰 버전을 보려면 여기를 클릭하십시오.</a> <ol start="2"><li> 스위치 릴레이의 소켓에 실험 칩 모듈을 넣습니다. </li><li> 컴퓨터 프로그램에 입력 파라미터. 입력 신호의 주파수 (1 kHz에서) 지정된 웰 숫자 (0-7), 실행 사이클 (100)와 파일명 (HA). </li></ol> 3. 증발 실험 <ol><li> 물에 0, 0.05, 0.5 및 1 V / w %에서 4 개의 2.5 ml의 히알루 론산 솔루션을 준비합니다. 14.75 mm X 45mm × 8 mm (OD x 높이 X ID)를 측정 유리 병에 각각 2.5 ml의 시료 용액을 놓습니다. </li><li> 각 솔루션의 경우, ITO 칩 모듈의 하나의 웰에 0.5 ml의 시료 용액을 추가합니다. </li><li> 무게와 전자 저울 기계에 의해 각 유리 병의 초기 무게를 기록한다. </li><li> 자동 측정 위상 저항 실시간으로 기록하는 컴퓨터 프로그램 및 신호 (P)을 실행이토 칩에 지정된 우물 하세 이동. </li><li> 계량 방법 및 임피던스 법 모두 같은 장소에서 동시에 증발 실험을 시작합니다. </li><li> 체중 및 예약 시점에서 전자 저울 기계 각 바이알의 중량을 기록한다. </li><li> 계량 방법 및 임피던스 방식으로 수집 된 데이터를 분석 할 수 있습니다. (19) </li></ol>

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저자는 공개 아무것도 없어.

이 임피던스 기반 검출 증발 측정을위한 중요한 단계는 시험 용액을 제조한다. 탈 이온수 거대한 임피던스로 인해 사용될 수 없다. 대신 도전성 이온을 함유하는 수돗물 실험 히알루 론산 용액을 제조 하였다. 그러나, 수돗물의 전기적 특성 사용에 대해 일정하지 않았다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 물에 대한 상대 증발율과 같은 정상화, 증발 대체 지표로서 채용했다. 이 기술의 ?...

증발 액체 증발의 유형 및 물의 집합체의 기체 - 액체 계면을 따라 발생한다. 표면 근방 물 분자 의한 물 분자의 충돌에 액체로부터 탈출시킬된다. 증착 속도는 증착 과정에서 중요한 핵심 요소이다. 일반적으로, 밸런스 체적 튜브 1-3 용액의 증발을 검출하기 위해 널리 사용된다. 그러나 인해 밸런스 체적 튜브의 정밀도 제한에 증발 속도를 측정하는 데 긴 시간이 걸린다. 이 때문에, 응답 성 및 고감도 장비는 증착 프로세스의 세부 사항을 조사하기 위해 개발되어야한다. 전기 화학 임피던스 분광법 (EIS)는 고속 응답, 전기 시스템 특성화 4 시츄 임피던스 검출면에서 민감하고 효과적인 실험 방법이다. 따라서, EIS 다양한 저런 적용될 수있다LDS, 이러한 최근의 휴대 행동 5에 대한 연구, 생체 시료 감지 6-7, 전기 8, 전도성 고분자 (9), 및 전기 화학적 추출 10. EIS 시스템은 성공적 분야의 다양한 적용되었다하더라도, 증착에의 응용 연구에 출판물의 극히 소수 존재한다. 히알루 론산 강한 수분 전위와 고분자 다당류, 화장품 어플리케이션을위한 공지 된 보습제이다. 한 히알루 론산 분자는 500 물 분자 (11)까지 결합하여 1,000 배의 원래 볼륨 (12)에 도달 할 수 있습니다. 히알루 론산의 매우 소량의 수분 13-14 기능을 가지고있다. 때문에 높은 보습에 히알루 론산 전세계 15 높은 상업적 가치를 가진 화장 용 보습제 제품의 중요한 요소가되고있다. 티그의 연구 고속 감지, 소량의 샘플을 요구하고, 다중 시료 측정 16-19 갖춘 신규 임피던스 기반 장치의 제조 방법을 제공한다. 이는 종래의 방식으로 계량 위에 혁신적인 검출기구의 우수성을 검증하는 방법으로 용액 중의 상대 증발 속도 비교에 집중되게된다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>95% ethanol</td><td>Echo Chemical Co., Ltd., Miaoli, Taiwan</td><td>484000001103C-00EC</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Acetone</td><td>Avantor Performance Materials Inc., Center Valley, PA, USA</td><td>JTB-9005-68</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Development solution</td><td>Kemitek Industrial Crop., Hsinchu, Taiwan</td><td>12F01031</td><td>KTD-1</td></tr><tr><td>Etching solution</td><td>eSolv Technology Co., Taipei, Taiwan</td><td></td><td>EG-462</td></tr><tr><td>Hyaluronic acid</td><td>Shandong Freda Biopharm Co., Ltd., Jinan, China</td><td>1010212</td><td>Molecular weight 980k, Cosmetic Grade</td></tr><tr><td>Photoresist solution</td><td>AZ Electronic Materials Taiwan Co., Ltd., Hsinchu, Taiwan</td><td>65101M19</td><td>AZ6112</td></tr><tr><td>8-well silicone array</td><td>Greiner bio-one Inc., Frickenhausen, Baden-W&amp;uuml;rttemberg, Germany</td><td>FlexiPERM</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ITO glass</td><td>GemTech Optoelectronics Co., Taoyuan, Taiwan</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vial</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC., St. Louis, MO, USA</td><td>854190</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Film photomask</td><td>Taiwan Mesh Co., Ltd, Taoyuan, Taiwan</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lock-in amplifier</td><td>Stanford Research Systems, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA</td><td>SR830</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Switch relay</td><td>Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, Taiwan</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Electronic balance machine</td><td>Radwag Inc., Radom, Poland</td><td>AS 60/220/C/2</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

a high performance impedance-based platform for evaporation rate detection

이 논문은 증착 속도를 검출하기위한 신규 임피던스 기반 플랫폼의 방법을 설명한다. 모델 화합물 히알루 산은 데모 목적으로 여기에 사용 하였다. 용액의 다양한 농도의 습윤제로서 모델 화합물의 여러 증착 시험 비교를 위해 실시 하였다. 종래의 체중 감량 방법은 증착 속도 검출을위한 가장 단순하지만, 시간이 소요되는 측정 기술로 알려져있다. 그러나, 명확한 단점은 샘플의 대용량이 요구되는 여러 샘플 테스트가 동시에 수행 될 수 없다는 것이다. 문헌에서 처음으로 전기 임피던스 센서 칩을 성공적으로 시분할 연속 자동 방식으로 실시간 증발 조사에 적용된다. 또한, 적은 시료 ml의 0.5이 임피던스 기반 장치에 요구하고, 큰 임피던스 변화는 다양한 희석 soluti 중에서 설명된다기능. 제안 고감도 및 고속 응답 임피던스 감지 시스템은 증착 속도 검출의 관점에서 종래의 체중 감소 방법을 능가하는 것으로된다.

증착 프로세스 동안, 시험 용액의 도전성 이온이 감소 용액 부피 농축되고,이 용액의 임피던스는 감소 하였다. 체중 감소와 각 시험 용액에 대한 증착 진행 임피던스의 감소의 비율을 측정 하였다. 비교를 위해, 체중 감소 및 임피던스 감소의 속도의 데이터 물로 정규화 하였다하고도 5에 함께 나타내.도 5에 도시 된 바와 같이, 중량 손실은 임피던스와 동일한 경향을 보여...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A High Performance Impedance-based Platform for Evaporation Rate Detection at JoVE.com

A High Performance Impedance-based Platform for Evaporation Rate Detection

이 논문은 솔루션의 증발 속도 검출을위한 임피던스 기반 장치를 제공합니다. 이것은 종래의 체중 감소 방법을 통해 명확한 이점을 제공한다 : 고속 응답, 고감도 검출 작은 샘플 요구 여러 시료를 측정하고, 클리닝 및 재사용을 위해 쉽게 해체.

증발 속도 검출을위한 고성능 임피던스 기반 플랫폼

This paper describes the method of a novel impedance-based platform for the detection of the evaporation rate. The model compound hyaluronic acid was ...

a-high-performance-impedance-based-platform-for-evaporation-rate

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

6.5K 조회수.  Hungkuang University.  이 논문은 솔루션의 증발 속도 검출을위한 임피던스 기반 장치를 제공합니다. 이것은 종래의 체중 감소 방법을 통해 명확한 이점을 제공한다 : 고속 응답, 고감도 검출 작은 샘플 요구 여러 시료를 측정하고, 클리닝 및 재사용을 위해 쉽게 해체. 

비디오: A High Performance Impedance-based Platform for Evaporation Rate Detection

The Visual Colorimetric Detection of Multi-nucleotide Polymorphisms on a Pneumatic Droplet Manipulation Platform

A simple and visual method to detect multi-nucleotide polymorphism (MNP) was performed on a pneumatic droplet manipulation platform on an open surface. This approach to colorimetric DNA detection was based on the hybridization-mediated growth of gold nanoparticle probes (AuNP probes). The growth size and configuration of the AuNP are dominated by the number of DNA samples hybridized with the probes. Based on the specific size- and shape-dependent optical properties of the nanoparticles, the number of mismatches in a sample DNA fragment to the probes is able to be discriminated. The tests were conducted via droplets containing reagents and DNA samples respectively, and were transported and mixed on the pneumatic platform with the controlled pneumatic suction of the flexible PDMS-based superhydrophobic membrane. Droplets can be delivered simultaneously and precisely on an open-surface on the proposed pneumatic platform that is highly biocompatible with no side effect of DNA samples inside the droplets. Combining the two proposed methods, the multi-nucleotide polymorphism can be detected at sight on the pneumatic droplet manipulation platform; no additional instrument is required. The procedure from installing the droplets on the platform to the final result takes less than 5 min, much less than with existing methods. Moreover, this combined MNP detection approach requires a sample volume of only 10 &#181;l in each operation, which is remarkably less than that of a macro system.

This work presents a simple and visual method to detect multi-nucleotide polymorphisms on a pneumatic droplet manipulation platform. With the proposed method, the entire experiment, including droplet manipulation and detection of multi-nucleotide polymorphisms, can be performed near 23 &#176;C without the aid of advanced instruments.

공기 방울 조작 플랫폼에서 멀티 염기 다형성의 비주얼 색도계 감지

A simple and visual method to detect multi-nucleotide polymorphism (MNP) was performed on a pneumatic droplet manipulation platform on an open surface. ...

연구

유전학

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

Evaporation is directly influenced by the interactions between the atmosphere, land surface and soil subsurface. This work aims to experimentally study evaporation under various surface boundary conditions to improve our current understanding and characterization of this multiphase phenomenon as well as to validate numerical heat and mass transfer theories that couple Navier-Stokes flow in the atmosphere and Darcian flow in the porous media. Experimental data were collected using a unique soil tank apparatus interfaced with a small climate controlled wind tunnel. The experimental apparatus was instrumented with a suite of state of the art sensor technologies for the continuous and autonomous collection of soil moisture, soil thermal properties, soil and air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. This experimental apparatus can be used to generate data under well controlled boundary conditions, allowing for better control and gathering of accurate data at scales of interest not feasible in the field. Induced airflow at several distinct wind speeds over the soil surface resulted in unique behavior of heat and mass transfer during the different evaporative stages.

A protocol for the design and construction of a soil tank interfaced to a small climate controlled wind tunnel to study the effects of atmospheric forcings on evaporation is presented. Both the soil tank and wind tunnel are instrumented with sensor technologies for the continuous in situ measurement of environmental conditions.

증발에 대기 강제력의 효과를 탐구 : 대기 경계층과 얕은 표면 하의의 실험 통합

Evaporation is directly influenced by the interactions between the atmosphere, land surface and soil subsurface. This work aims to experimentally study ...

환경과학

Fluorescence detection methods for microfluidic droplet platforms

The development of microfluidic platforms for performing chemistry and biology has in large part been driven by a range of potential benefits that accompany system miniaturisation. Advantages include the ability to efficiently process nano- to femoto- liter volumes of sample, facile integration of functional components, an intrinsic predisposition towards large-scale multiplexing, enhanced analytical throughput, improved control and reduced instrumental footprints.1
In recent years much interest has focussed on the development of droplet-based (or segmented flow) microfluidic systems and their potential as platforms in high-throughput experimentation.2-4 Here water-in-oil emulsions are made to spontaneously form in microfluidic channels as a result of capillary instabilities between the two immiscible phases. Importantly, microdroplets of precisely defined volumes and compositions can be generated at frequencies of several kHz. Furthermore, by encapsulating reagents of interest within isolated compartments separated by a continuous immiscible phase, both sample cross-talk and dispersion (diffusion- and Taylor-based) can be eliminated, which leads to minimal cross-contamination and the ability to time analytical processes with great accuracy. Additionally, since there is no contact between the contents of the droplets and the channel walls (which are wetted by the continuous phase) absorption and loss of reagents on the channel walls is prevented.
Once droplets of this kind have been generated and processed, it is necessary to extract the required analytical information. In this respect the detection method of choice should be rapid, provide high-sensitivity and low limits of detection, be applicable to a range of molecular species, be non-destructive and be able to be integrated with microfluidic devices in a facile manner. To address this need we have developed a suite of experimental tools and protocols that enable the extraction of large amounts of photophysical information from small-volume environments, and are applicable to the analysis of a wide range of physical, chemical and biological parameters. Herein two examples of these methods are presented and applied to the detection of single cells and the mapping of mixing processes inside picoliter-volume droplets. We report the entire experimental process including microfluidic chip fabrication, the optical setup and the process of droplet generation and detection.

Droplet-based microfluidic platforms are promising candidates for high throughput experimentation since they are able to generate picoliter, self-compartmentalized vessels inexpensively at kHz rates. Through integration with fast, sensitive and high resolution fluorescence spectroscopic methods, the large amounts of information generated within these systems can be efficiently extracted, harnessed and utilized.

microfluidic 비말 플랫폼 형광 검출 방법

The development of microfluidic platforms for performing chemistry and biology has in large part been driven by a range of potential benefits that ...

생체공학

Taking Advantage of Reduced Droplet-surface Interaction to Optimize Transport of Bioanalytes in Digital Microfluidics

Digital microfluidics (DMF), a technique for manipulation of droplets, is a promising alternative for the development of &#8220;lab-on-a-chip&#8221; platforms. Often, droplet motion relies on the wetting of a surface, directly associated with the application of an electric field; surface interactions, however, make motion dependent on droplet contents, limiting the breadth of applications of the technique.
Some alternatives have been presented to minimize this dependence. However, they rely on the addition of extra chemical species to the droplet or its surroundings, which could potentially interact with droplet moieties. Addressing this challenge, our group recently developed Field-DW devices to allow the transport of cells and proteins in DMF, without extra additives.
Here, the protocol for device fabrication and operation is provided, including the electronic interface for motion control. We also continue the studies with the devices, showing that multicellular, relatively large, model organisms can also be transported, arguably unaffected by the electric fields required for device operation.

The protocol for fabrication and operation of field dewetting devices (Field-DW) is described, as well as the preliminary studies of the effects of electric fields on droplet contents.

Digital microfluidics (DMF), a technique for manipulation of droplets, is a promising alternative for the development of &#8220;lab-on-a-chip&#8221; ...

공학

Quantification and Size-profiling of Extracellular Vesicles Using Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including &#8216;microvesicles&#8217; and &#8216;exosomes&#8217;, are highly abundant in bodily fluids. Recent years have witnessed a tremendous increase in interest in EVs. EVs have been shown to play important roles in various physiological and pathological processes, including coagulation, immune responses, and cancer. In addition, EVs have potential as therapeutic agents, for instance as drug delivery vehicles or as regenerative medicine. Because of their small size (50 to 1,000 nm) accurate quantification and size profiling of EVs is technically challenging.
This protocol describes how tunable resistive pulse sensing (tRPS) technology, using the qNano system, can be used to determine the concentration and size of EVs. The method, which relies on the detection of EVs upon their transfer through a nano sized pore, is relatively fast, suffices the use of small sample volumes and does not require the purification and concentration of EVs. Next to the regular operation protocol an alternative approach is described using samples spiked with polystyrene beads of known size and concentration. This real-time calibration technique can be used to overcome technical hurdles encountered when measuring EVs directly in biological fluids.

Extracellular vesicles play important roles in physiological and pathological processes, including coagulation, immune responses, and cancer or as potential therapeutic agents in drug delivery or regenerative medicine. This protocol presents methods for the quantification and size characterization of isolated and non-isolated extracellular vesicles in various fluids using tunable resistive pulse sensing.

정량화 및 조정 가능한 저항 펄스 감지 기능을 사용하여 세포 외 소포의 크기 프로파일 링

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including &#8216;microvesicles&#8217; and &#8216;exosomes&#8217;, are highly abundant in bodily fluids. Recent years have ...

A Microfluidic-based Electrochemical Biochip for Label-free DNA Hybridization Analysis

Miniaturization of analytical benchtop procedures into the micro-scale provides significant advantages in regards to reaction time, cost, and integration of pre-processing steps. Utilizing these devices towards the analysis of DNA hybridization events is important because it offers a technology for real time assessment of biomarkers at the point-of-care for various diseases. However, when the device footprint decreases the dominance of various physical phenomena increases. These phenomena influence the fabrication precision and operation reliability of the device. Therefore, there is a great need to accurately fabricate and operate these devices in a reproducible manner in order to improve the overall performance. Here, we describe the protocols and the methods used for the fabrication and the operation of a microfluidic-based electrochemical biochip for accurate analysis of DNA hybridization events. The biochip is composed of two parts: a microfluidic chip with three parallel micro-channels made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and a 3 x 3 arrayed electrochemical micro-chip. The DNA hybridization events are detected using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis. The EIS analysis enables monitoring variations of the properties of the electrochemical system that are dominant at these length scales. With the ability to monitor changes of both charge transfer and diffusional resistance with the biosensor, we demonstrate the selectivity to complementary ssDNA targets, a calculated detection limit of 3.8 nM, and a 13% cross-reactivity with other non-complementary ssDNA following 20 min&#160;of incubation. This methodology can improve the performance of miniaturized devices by elucidating on the behavior of diffusion at the micro-scale regime and by enabling the study of DNA hybridization events.

We present a microfluidic-based electrochemical biochip for DNA hybridization detection. Following ssDNA probe functionalization, the specificity, sensitivity, and detection limit are studied with complementary and non-complementary ssDNA targets. Results illustrate the influence of the DNA hybridization events on the electrochemical system, with a detection limit of 3.8 nM.

라벨없는 DNA의 혼성화 분석 용 미세 유체 기반 전기 바이오칩

Miniaturization of analytical benchtop procedures into the micro-scale provides significant advantages in regards to reaction time, cost, and integration ...

Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation

For the successful implementation of microfluidic reaction systems, such as PCR and electrophoresis, the movement of small liquid volumes is essential. In conventional lab-on-a-chip-platforms, solvents and samples are passed through defined microfluidic channels with complex flow control installations. The droplet actuation platform presented here is a promising alternative. With it, it is possible to move a liquid drop (microreactor) on a planar surface of a reaction platform (lab-in-a-drop). The actuation of microreactors on the hydrophobic surface of the platform is based on the use of magnetic forces acting on the outer shell of the liquid drops which is made of a thin layer of superhydrophobic magnetite particles. The hydrophobic surface of the platform is needed to avoid any contact between the liquid core and the surface to allow a smooth movement of the microreactor. On the platform, one or more microreactors with volumes of 10 &#181;L can be positioned and moved simultaneously. The platform itself consists of a 3 x 3 matrix of electrical double coils which accommodate either neodymium or iron cores. The magnetic field gradients are automatically controlled. By variation of the magnetic field gradients, the microreactors' magnetic hydrophobic shell can be manipulated automatically to move the microreactor or open the shell reversibly. Reactions of substrates and corresponding enzymes can be initiated by merging the microreactors or bringing them into contact with surface immobilized catalysts.

Lab-in-a-drop reaction systems allow the versatile implementation of complex reactions in a microfluidic scale. An automated actuation platform consisting of a 3 x 3 matrix of electromagnetic coils was developed and successfully used to merge two 10 &#181;L microreactors and thereby initiate an enzymatic reaction in the resulting liquid marbles.

효소 Microreactors 및 그들의 전자기 작동기로 사용 하는 수성 방울

For the successful implementation of microfluidic reaction systems, such as PCR and electrophoresis, the movement of small liquid volumes is essential. In ...

Additive Manufacturing-Enabled Low-Cost Particle Detector

As particles with a size of 1 &#181;m or smaller pose a severe health risk to the human body, the detection and regulation of particle emissions are of great importance. A large share of particulate emissions are emitted by the transport sector. Most of the commercially available particle detectors are bulky, very expensive, and need additional equipment. This paper presents a protocol to build and test a standalone particle detector that is small and cost-efficient. 
The focus of this paper lies in the description of the detailed construction manual with video and the sensor evaluation procedure. The computer-aided design model of the sensor is included in the supplemental material. The manual explains all the construction steps, from 3D printing to the fully operational sensor. The sensor can detect charged particles and is therefore suitable for a wide range of applications. A possible field of application would be soot detection from power plants, wildfires, industries, and automobiles.

Here, we present a protocol on how to build and test a simple but efficient low-cost particle detector.

적층 제조가 가능한 저비용 입자 검출기

As particles with a size of 1 &#181;m or smaller pose a severe health risk to the human body, the detection and regulation of particle emissions are of ...

A Performance-testing Platform for a Conduction Micropump with an FR-4 Copper-clad Electrode Plate

Here, a conduction micropump with symmetric planar electrode pairs prepared on flame-retardant glass-reinforced epoxy (FR-4) copper-clad laminate (CCL) is fabricated. It is used to investigate the influence of chamber dimensions on the performance of a conduction micropump and to determine the reliability of the conduction pump when acetone is used as the working fluid. A testing platform is set up to evaluate conduction micropump performance under different conditions. When the chamber height is 0.2 mm, the pump pressure reaches its peak value.

This paper presents a protocol for the fabrication of a conduction micropump using symmetric planar electrodes on flame-retardant glass-reinforced epoxy (FR-4) copper-clad laminate (CCL) to test the influence of chamber dimensions on the performance of a conduction micropump.

FR-4 구리 입히는 전극 플레이트 전도 Micropump에 대 한 성능 테스트 플랫폼

Here, a conduction micropump with symmetric planar electrode pairs prepared on flame-retardant glass-reinforced epoxy (FR-4) copper-clad laminate (CCL) is ...

Dry Film Photoresist-based Electrochemical Microfluidic Biosensor Platform: Device Fabrication, On-chip Assay Preparation, and System Operation

In recent years, biomarker diagnostics became an indispensable tool for the diagnosis of human disease, especially for the point-of-care diagnostics. An easy-to-use and low-cost sensor platform is highly desired to measure various types of analytes (e.g., biomarkers, hormones, and drugs) quantitatively and specifically. For this reason, dry film photoresist technology - enabling cheap, facile, and high-throughput fabrication - was used to manufacture the microfluidic biosensor presented here. Depending on the bioassay used afterwards, the versatile platform is capable of detecting various types of biomolecules. For the fabrication of the device, platinum electrodes are structured on a flexible polyimide (PI) foil in the only clean-room process step. The PI foil serves as a substrate for the electrodes, which are insulated with an epoxy-based photoresist. The microfluidic channel is subsequently generated by the development and lamination of dry film photoresist (DFR) foils onto the PI wafer. By using a hydrophobic stopping barrier in the channel, the channel is separated into two specific areas: an immobilization section for the enzyme-linked assay and an electrochemical measurement cell for the amperometric signal readout.
The on-chip bioassay immobilization is performed by the adsorption of the biomolecules to the channel surface. The glucose oxidase enzyme is used as a transducer for electrochemical signal generation. In the presence of the substrate, glucose, hydrogen peroxide is produced, which is detected at the platinum working electrode. The stop-flow technique is applied to obtain signal amplification along with rapid detection. Different biomolecules can quantitatively be measured by means of the introduced microfluidic system, giving an indication of different types of diseases, or, in regard to therapeutic drug monitoring, facilitating a personalized therapy.

A microfluidic biosensor platform was designed and fabricated using low-cost dry film photoresist technology for the rapid and sensitive quantification of various analytes. This single-use system allows for the electrochemical readout of on-chip-immobilized enzyme-linked assays by means of the stop-flow technique.

드라이 필름 포토 레지스트 기반 전기 화학 미세 바이오 센서 플랫폼: 장치 제작, 온 칩 시험 준비 및 시스템 운영

In recent years, biomarker diagnostics became an indispensable tool for the diagnosis of human disease, especially for the point-of-care diagnostics. An ...