우리는 작업에 참가 동료는 여기에 요약 감사​​드립니다. 이 작품은 독일 Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 894), DFG Schwerpunktprogramm 1392 &#39;후각의 통합 분석&#39;에서 보조금 의해 폭스 바겐 재단 (TLZ)에 의해 지원되었다. TLZ는 폭스 바겐 재단의 Lichtenberg 교수입니다.

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관심 없음 충돌이 선언 없습니다.

신경 과학의 주요 문제는 뇌 사회 정보를 처리 방법을 이해하는 것입니다. 사회적 인식에 필요한 정보의 주된 소스가 후각이나 pheromonal 신호에 의해 인코딩되어 있습니다. neuronal 코의 인구, 특히 뇌, 시상 하부에서 신호의 인식에 의해 이러한 신호의 감지는 많은 사회적 과정과 영향력 호르몬 및 기타 neuroendocrine 요소 13-16에서 핵심적인 역할을한다. 여러 뉴런과 다기능 핵을 포함하는 시?...

There was a typo in the abstract of <a href="http://jove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/video/4213">Imaging Calcium Responses in GFP-tagged Neurons of Hypothalamic Mouse Brain Slices</a>.

Erratum: Imaging Calcium Responses in GFP-tagged Neurons of Hypothalamic Mouse Brain Slices

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> 이름 </td><td> 회사 </td><td> 고양이. N ° </td></tr><tr><td> 한천 </td><td> 시그마 </td><td> A1296 </td></tr><tr><td> Fura-red/AM </td><td> Invitrogen </td><td> F-3021 </td></tr><tr><td> Pluronic F-127 </td><td> 시그마 </td><td> P2443 </td></tr><tr><td> 디메틸 sulfoxide </td><td> 피셔 과학 </td><td> BP231 </td></tr><tr><td> 진동 - 블레이드 마이크로톰 Hyrax V 50 </td><td> Zeiss </td><td> 9770170 </td></tr><tr><td> 마이크로톰 Hyrax V 50 장치 CU 65 냉각 </td><td> Zeiss </td><td> 9920120 </td></tr><tr><td> O 2 / CO 2 인큐베이터, CB210-UL </td><td> 접합재 </td><td> 0019389 </td></tr><tr><td> 슈퍼 접착제, Loctite 406TM </td><td> Henckel </td><td> 142580 </td></tr><tr><td> 더블 spatulas, 스푼 모양 </td><td>Bochem </td><td> 3182 </td></tr><tr><td> Microspoon의 spatulas, 스푼 모양 </td><td> Bochem </td><td> 3344 </td></tr><tr><td> 봄 가위, 모리아 - Vannas - 울프 - 7mm 블레이드 </td><td> 정밀 과학 도구 </td><td> 15370-52 </td></tr><tr><td> 봄 가위, Vannas - 3mm 블레이드 </td><td> 정밀 과학 도구 </td><td> 15000-00 </td></tr><tr><td> 바그너 가위 </td><td> 정밀 과학 도구 </td><td> 14071-12 </td></tr><tr><td> 의료 포셉, 뒤몽의 7B </td><td> 정밀 과학 도구 </td><td> 11270-20 </td></tr><tr><td> 대형 직사각형 오픈 목욕 상공 회의소 (RC-27) </td><td> 워너 악기 </td><td> 64-0238 </td></tr><tr><td> 공 촛점 현미경 BioRad 래디언스 2100 </td><td> Zeiss </td><td> NA </td></tr></tbody></table>

imaging calcium responses in gfp-tagged neurons of hypothalamic mouse brain slices

뇌의 정보의 인코딩, 정확한 분자 단계뿐만 아니라 시상 하부가 남아 같은 뇌 영역의 다기능 핵에서 특정 뉴런의 활동에 관한 중요한 질문에 근간이 메커니즘에 대한 우리의 지식에 엄청난 증가에도 불구하고. 이 문제는 여러 neurohormone의 신호 전달 폭포의 규정에 관련된 분자 구성 요소의 식별이 포함되어 있습니다. 세포 내 칼슘 2의 고도는 + 두 신호 전달의 수준과 신경 사이트에서, 뉴런의 감도를 조절에 중요한 역할을한다. 새로운 도구는 특정 발기인의 통제하에 녹색 형광 단백질 (GFP)을 표현하여 뇌 뉴런의 무수한에서 뉴런을 식별하는 데 도움 등장했습니다. 모두 spatially 및 시간적 자극 - 유도 모니터링하려면 칼슘이 GFP 태그 뉴런, 비 녹색 형광 칼슘 2 + 지표 염료 N의 + 응답eeds는 사용할 수 있습니다. 또한, 공 촛점 현미경은 조직 내에서 깊이 독특한 비행기에서 뉴런을 시각화하고 밖에서 초점 형광를 제한 할 수있는 능력으로 인해 조직 조각의 이미지 개별 뉴런의 좋아하는 방법입니다. 뉴런 1 GFP 태그와 ratiometric 칼슘 2 + 표시 fura-2 조합에 사용되었습니다. 그러나 염료는 자외선 (UV) 빛 예정입니다. UV 빛의 레이저와 제한된 광학 침투 깊이의 비용은 많은 실험실에서의 사용을 방해. 또한, GFP 형광은 fura-2 신호를 2 영향을 줄 수 있습니다. 따라서, 저희는 빨간색 형광 칼슘 2 + 지표 염료를 사용하기로 결정했습니다. fura - 붉은 거대한 스트로크의 변화는 하나의 여기 파장을 사용하여 GFP와 함께 붉은 형광의 다색 분석을 할 수 있습니다. 우리는 후각 뉴런에게 3 GFP 태그와 함께 fura 빨간색을 사용하여 이전에 좋은 결과를했습니다. 후각 조직 슬라이스에 대한 프로토콜은 전자 일 듯qually 잘 hypothalamic 뉴런의 4. 카 2 기반 Fura - 레드 + 영상도 성공적으로 GFP 태그 췌장 β-세포와 HEK 세포 5,6로 표현 GFP 태그 수용체와 결합되었다. fura - 붉은 작은 장식 체로 그리기의 표시등이 칼슘 7 바인딩 후 650 nm의에서의 형광 강도가 감소한다는 것입니다. 따라서, 낮은 칼슘 2 + 농도와 휴식 뉴런의 형광은 상대적으로 높은 강도를 갖추고 있습니다. 이것은 주목해야한다, 다른 붉은 칼슘 2 + - 표시 염료가 없거나 현재 개발되고, 그 다른 뉴런과 뇌 영역에서 더 나은 또는 개선 된 결과를 제공 할 수 있습니다.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Imaging Calcium Responses in GFP-tagged Neurons of Hypothalamic Mouse Brain Slices at JoVE.com

Imaging Calcium Responses in GFP-tagged Neurons of Hypothalamic Mouse Brain Slices

이 프로토콜에서는, 우리는 영상 칼슘의 최근 진행 상황을 업데이트<sup&gt; 2 +</sup빨간색 형광 칼슘을 사용하여 뇌 조직 조각에서 GFP 태그 뉴런의&gt; 신호<sup&gt; 2 +</sup&gt; 표시기 염료.

Hypothalamic 마우스 뇌 슬라이스의 GFP 태그 뉴런의 영상 칼슘 응답

Despite an enormous increase in our knowledge about the mechanisms underlying the encoding of information in the brain, a central question concerning the ...

imaging-calcium-responses-gfp-tagged-neurons-hypothalamic-mouse-brain

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

17.8K 조회수.  University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany. 이 프로토콜에서는, 우리는 영상 칼슘의 최근 진행 상황을 업데이트 2 + 신호 2 + 표시기 염료.

비디오: Imaging Calcium Responses in GFP-tagged Neurons of Hypothalamic Mouse Brain Slices

Vibrodissociation of Neurons from Rodent Brain Slices to Study Synaptic Transmission and Image Presynaptic Terminals

Mechanical dissociation of neurons from the central nervous system has the advantage that presynaptic boutons remain attached to the isolated neuron of interest. This allows for examination of synaptic transmission under conditions where the extracellular and postsynaptic intracellular environments can be well controlled. A vibration-based technique without the use of proteases, known as vibrodissociation, is the most popular technique for mechanical isolation. A micropipette, with the tip fire-polished to the shape of a small ball, is placed into a brain slice made from a P1-P21 rodent. The micropipette is vibrated parallel to the slice surface and lowered through the slice thickness resulting in the liberation of isolated neurons. The isolated neurons are ready for study within a few minutes of vibrodissociation. This technique has advantages over the use of primary neuronal cultures, brain slices and enzymatically isolated neurons including: rapid production of viable, relatively mature neurons suitable for electrophysiological and imaging studies; superior control of the extracellular environment free from the influence of neighboring cells; suitability for well-controlled pharmacological experiments using rapid drug application and total cell superfusion; and improved space-clamp in whole-cell recordings relative to neurons in slice or cell culture preparations. This preparation can be used to examine synaptic physiology, pharmacology, modulation and plasticity. Real-time imaging of both pre- and postsynaptic elements in the living cells and boutons is also possible using vibrodissociated neurons. Characterization of the molecular constituents of pre- and postsynaptic elements can also be achieved with immunological and imaging-based approaches.

This report demonstrates a technique for mechanical isolation of individual viable neurons retaining attached presynaptic boutons. Vibrodissociated neurons have the advantages of rapid production, excellent pharmacological control and improved space-clamp without influence from neighboring cells. This method can be used for imaging of synaptic elements and patch-clamp recording.

쥐 뇌 조각에서 뉴런의 Vibrodissociation는 시냅틱 전송 및 이미지 Presynaptic 터미널 공부

Mechanical dissociation of neurons from the central nervous system has the advantage that presynaptic boutons remain attached to the isolated neuron of ...

연구

신경과학

Imaging Neuronal Responses in Slice Preparations of Vomeronasal Organ Expressing a Genetically Encoded Calcium Sensor

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) detects chemosensory signals that carry information about the social, sexual and reproductive status of the individuals within the same species 1,2. These intraspecies signals, the pheromones, as well as signals from some predators 3, activate the vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs) with high levels of specificity and sensitivity 4. At least three distinct families of G-protein coupled receptors, V1R, V2R and FPR 5-14, are expressed in VNO neurons to mediate the detection of the chemosensory cues. To understand how pheromone information is encoded by the VNO, it is critical to analyze the response profiles of individual VSNs to various stimuli and identify the specific receptors that mediate these responses.
The neuroepithelia of VNO are enclosed in a pair of vomer bones. The semi-blind tubular structure of VNO has one open end (the vomeronasal duct) connecting to the nasal cavity. VSNs extend their dendrites to the lumen part of the VNO, where the pheromone cues are in contact with the receptors expressed at the dendritic knobs. The cell bodies of the VSNs form pseudo-stratified layers with V1R and V2R expressed in the apical and basal layers respectively 6-8. Several techniques have been utilized to monitor responses of VSNs to sensory stimuli 4,12,15-19. Among these techniques, acute slice preparation offers several advantages. First, compared to dissociated VSNs 3,17, slice preparations maintain the neurons in their native morphology and the dendrites of the cells stay relatively intact. Second, the cell bodies of the VSNs are easily accessible in coronal slice of the VNO to allow electrophysiology studies and imaging experiments as compared to whole epithelium and whole-mount preparations 12,20. Third, this method can be combined with molecular cloning techniques to allow receptor identification.
Sensory stimulation elicits strong Ca2+ influx in VSNs that is indicative of receptor activation 4,21. We thus develop transgenic mice that express G-CaMP2 in the olfactory sensory neurons, including the VSNs 15,22. The sensitivity and the genetic nature of the probe greatly facilitate Ca2+ imaging experiments. This method has eliminated the dye loading process used in previous studies 4,21. We also employ a ligand delivery system that enables application of various stimuli to the VNO slices. The combination of the two techniques allows us to monitor multiple neurons simultaneously in response to large numbers of stimuli. Finally, we have established a semi-automated analysis pipeline to assist image processing.

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) detects intraspecies chemical signals that convey social and reproductive information. We have performed Ca2+ imaging experiments using transgenic mice expressing G-CaMP2 in VNO tissue. This approach allows us to analyze the complicated response patterns of the vomeronasal neurons to large numbers of pheromone stimuli.

영상의 연결 응답 Vomeronasal 조직의 슬라이스 준비에 유전적으로 인코딩된 칼슘 센서를 표현

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) detects chemosensory signals that carry information about the social, sexual and reproductive status of the individuals within ...

Modification of a Colliculo-thalamocortical Mouse Brain Slice, Incorporating 3-D printing of Chamber Components and Multi-scale Optical Imaging

The ability of the brain to process sensory information relies on both ascending and descending sets of projections. Until recently, the only way to study these two systems and how they interact has been with the use of in vivo preparations. Major advances have been made with acute brain slices containing the thalamocortical and cortico-thalamic pathways in the somatosensory, visual, and auditory systems. With key refinements to our recent modification of the auditory thalamocortical slice1, we are able to more reliably capture the projections between most of the major auditory midbrain and forebrain structures: the inferior colliculus (IC), medial geniculate body (MGB), thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), and the auditory cortex (AC). With portions of all these connections retained, we are able to answer detailed questions that complement the questions that can be answered with in vivo preparations. The use of flavoprotein autofluorescence imaging enables us to rapidly assess connectivity in any given slice and guide the ensuing experiment. Using this slice in conjunction with recording and imaging techniques, we are now better equipped to understand how information processing occurs at each point in the auditory forebrain as information ascends to the cortex, and the impact of descending cortical modulation. 3-D printing to build slice chamber components permits double-sided perfusion and broad access to networks within the slice and maintains the widespread connections key to fully utilizing this preparation.

Using multiple angles to cut the mouse pup brain, we improve upon a previously-described acute brain slice which captures the connections between most of the major auditory midbrain and forebrain structures.

Colliculo-thalamocortical 마우스 뇌 조각의 변경, 3 차원 챔버 구성 요소의 인쇄 및 멀티 스케일 광학 이미징을 통합

The ability of the brain to process sensory information relies on both ascending and descending sets of projections. Until recently, the only way to study ...

Imaging Neural Activity in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex Using Thy1-GCaMP6s Transgenic Mice

The mammalian brain exhibits marked symmetry across the sagittal plane. However, detailed description of neural dynamics in symmetric brain regions in adult mammalian animals remains elusive. In this study, we describe an experimental procedure for measuring calcium dynamics through dual optical windows above bilateral primary somatosensory corticies (S1) in Thy1-GCaMP6s transgenic mice using 2-photon (2P) microscopy. This method enables recordings and quantifications of neural activity in bilateral mouse brain regions one at a time in the same experiment for a prolonged period in vivo. Key aspects of this method, which can be completed within an hour, include minimally invasive surgery procedures for creating dual optical windows, and the use of 2P imaging. Although we only demonstrate the technique in the S1 area, the method can be applied to other regions of the living brain facilitating the elucidation of structural and functional complexities of brain neural networks.

Imaging Neural Activity in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex Using Thy1-GCaMP6s Transgenic Mice

We describe an experimental procedure for measuring neuronal activity through dual optical windows above bilateral primary somatosensory corticies (S1) in Thy1-GCaMP6s transgenic mice using 2-photon (2P) microscopy in vivo.

Thy1를 사용 하 여 기본 Somatosensory 피 질에서 신경 활동을 이미징-GCaMP6s 유전자 변형 쥐

The mammalian brain exhibits marked symmetry across the sagittal plane. However, detailed description of neural dynamics in symmetric brain regions in ...

Two-photon Calcium Imaging in Neuronal Dendrites in Brain Slices

Calcium (Ca2+) imaging is a powerful tool to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of intracellular Ca2+ signals in neuronal dendrites. Ca2+ fluctuations can occur through a variety of membrane and intracellular mechanisms and play a crucial role in the induction of synaptic plasticity and regulation of dendritic excitability. Hence, the ability to record different types of Ca2+ signals in dendritic branches is valuable for groups studying how dendrites integrate information. The advent of two-photon microscopy has made such studies significantly easier by solving the problems inherent to imaging in live tissue, such as light scattering and photodamage. Moreover, through combination of conventional electrophysiological techniques with two-photon Ca2+ imaging, it is possible to investigate local Ca2+ fluctuations in neuronal dendrites in parallel with recordings of synaptic activity in soma. Here, we describe how to use this method to study the dynamics of local Ca2+ transients (CaTs) in dendrites of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons. The method can be also applied to studying dendritic Ca2+ signaling in different neuronal types in acute brain slices.

We present a method combining whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and two-photon imaging to record Ca2+ transients in neuronal dendrites in acute brain slices.

두뇌 조각에서 신경 모 수석에서 2 광자 칼슘 이미지

Calcium (Ca2+) imaging is a powerful tool to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of intracellular Ca2+ signals in neuronal dendrites. Ca2+ ...

In vivo Calcium Imaging of Mouse Geniculate Ganglion Neuron Responses to Taste Stimuli

Within the last ten years, advances in genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) have promoted a revolution in in vivo functional imaging. Using calcium as a proxy for neuronal activity, these techniques provide a way to monitor the responses of individual cells within large neuronal ensembles to a variety of stimuli in real time. We, and others, have applied these techniques to image the responses of individual geniculate ganglion neurons to taste stimuli applied to the tongues of live anesthetized mice. The geniculate ganglion is comprised of the cell bodies of gustatory neurons innervating the anterior tongue and palate as well as some somatosensory neurons innervating the pinna of the ear. Imaging the taste-evoked responses of individual geniculate ganglion neurons with GCaMP has provided important information about the tuning profiles of these neurons in wild-type mice as well as a way to detect peripheral taste miswiring phenotypes in genetically manipulated mice. Here we demonstrate the surgical procedure to expose the geniculate ganglion, GCaMP fluorescence image acquisition, initial steps for data analysis, and troubleshooting. This technique can be used with transgenically encoded GCaMP, or with AAV-mediated GCaMP expression, and can be modified to image particular genetic subsets of interest (i.e., Cre-mediated GCaMP expression). Overall, in vivo calcium imaging of geniculate ganglion neurons is a powerful technique for monitoring the activity of peripheral gustatory neurons and provides complementary information to more traditional whole-nerve chorda tympani recordings or taste behavior assays.

Here we present how to expose the geniculate ganglion of a live, anesthetized laboratory mouse and how to use calcium imaging to measure the responses of ensembles of these neurons to taste stimuli, allowing for multiple trials with different stimulants. This allows for in depth comparisons of which neurons respond to which tastants.

마우스 의 생체 칼슘 이미징에서 맛 자극에 신경절 신경 반응

Within the last ten years, advances in genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) have promoted a revolution in in vivo functional imaging. Using ...

In vivo Calcium Imaging in Mouse Inferior Olive

Inferior olive (IO), a nucleus in the ventral medulla, is the only source of climbing fibers that form one of the two input pathways entering the cerebellum. IO has long been proposed to be crucial for motor control and its activity is currently considered to be at the center of many hypotheses of both motor and cognitive functions of the cerebellum. While its physiology and function have been relatively well studied on single-cell level in vitro, presently there are no reports on the organization of the IO network activity in living animals. This is largely due to the extremely challenging anatomical location of the IO, making it difficult to subject to conventional fluorescent imaging methods, where an optic path must be created through the entire brain located dorsally to the region of interest.
Here we describe an alternative method for obtaining state-of-the-art -level calcium imaging data from the IO network. The method takes advantage of the extreme ventral location of the IO and involves a surgical procedure for inserting a gradient-refractive index (GRIN) lens through the neck viscera to come into contact with the ventral surface of the calcium sensor GCaMP6s-expressing IO in anesthetized mice. A representative calcium imaging recording is shown to demonstrate the feasibility to record IO neuron activity after the surgery. While this is a non-survival surgery and the recordings must be conducted under anesthesia, it avoids damage to life-critical brainstem nuclei and allows conducting large variety of experiments investigating spatiotemporal activity patterns and input integration in the IO. This procedure with modifications could be used for recordings in other, adjacent regions of the ventral brainstem.

In vivo Calcium Imaging in Mouse Inferior Olive

We present a protocol to expose the brainstem of adult mouse from the ventral side. By using a gradient-refractive index lens with a miniature microscope, calcium imaging can be used to examine the activity of inferior olive neural somata in vivo.

생체 내 마우스 열등올리브의 칼슘 이미징

Inferior olive (IO), a nucleus in the ventral medulla, is the only source of climbing fibers that form one of the two input pathways entering the ...

In Vivo Calcium Imaging of Neuronal Ensembles in Networks of Primary Sensory Neurons in Intact Dorsal Root Ganglia

Ca2+ imaging can be used as a proxy for cellular activity, including action potentials and various signaling mechanisms involving Ca2+ entry into the cytoplasm or the release of intracellular Ca2+ stores. Pirt-GCaMP3-based Ca2+ imaging of primary sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in mice offers the advantage of simultaneous measurement of a large number of cells. Up to 1,800 neurons can be monitored, allowing neuronal networks and somatosensory processes to be studied as an ensemble in their normal physiological context at a populational level in vivo. The large number of neurons monitored allows the detection of activity patterns that would be challenging to detect using other methods. Stimuli can be applied to the mouse hindpaw, allowing the direct effects of stimuli on the DRG neuron ensemble to be studied. The number of neurons producing Ca2+ transients as well as the amplitude of Ca2+ transients indicates sensitivity to specific sensory modalities. The diameter of neurons provides evidence of activated fiber types (non-noxious mechano vs. noxious pain fibers, A&#946;, A&#948;, and C fibers). Neurons expressing specific receptors can be genetically labeled with td-Tomato and specific Cre recombinases together with Pirt-GCaMP. Therefore, Pirt-GCaMP3 Ca2+ imaging of DRG provides a powerful tool and model for the analysis of specific sensory modalities and neuron subtypes acting as an ensemble at the populational level to study pain, itch, touch, and other somatosensory signals.

In Vivo Calcium Imaging of Neuronal Ensembles in Networks of Primary Sensory Neurons in Intact Dorsal Root Ganglia

This protocol describes the surgical exposure of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) followed by GCaMP3 (genetically-encoded Ca2+ indicator; Green Fluorescent Protein-Calmodulin-M13 Protein 3) Ca2+ imaging of the neuronal ensembles using Pirt-GCaMP3 mice while applying a variety of stimuli to the ipsilateral hind paw.

생체 내 온전한 등근 신경절에 있는 일차 감각 뉴런 네트워크에서 뉴런 앙상블의 칼슘 이미징

Ca2+ imaging can be used as a proxy for cellular activity, including action potentials and various signaling mechanisms involving Ca2+ entry into the ...

Superior Colliculus의 Two-photon 및 Wide-field Calcium 이미징

Calcium Imaging in Mouse Superior Colliculus

The superior colliculus (SC), an evolutionarily conserved midbrain structure in all vertebrates, is the most sophisticated visual center before the emergence of the cerebral cortex. It receives direct inputs from ~30 types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), with each encoding a specific visual feature. It remains elusive whether the SC simply inherits retinal features or if additional and potentially de novo processing occurs in the SC. To reveal the neural coding of visual information in the SC, we provide here a detailed protocol to optically record visual responses with two complementary methods in awake mice. One method uses two-photon microscopy to image calcium activity at single-cell resolution without ablating the overlaying cortex, while the other uses wide-field microscopy to image the whole SC of a mutant mouse whose cortex is largely undeveloped. This protocol details these two methods, including animal preparation, viral injection, headplate implantation, plug implantation, data acquisition, and data analysis. The representative results show that the two-photon calcium imaging reveals visually evoked neuronal responses at single-cell resolution, and the wide-field calcium imaging reveals&#160;neural activity across the entire SC. By combining these two methods, one can reveal the neural coding in the SC at different scales, and such combination can also be applied to other brain regions.

저자 스포트라이트: Unveiling Neural Coding and Mechanisms of Visual Processing in the Superior Colliculus 

This protocol details the procedure for imaging calcium responses in the superior colliculus (SC) of awake mice, including imaging single-neuron activity with two-photon microscopy while leaving the cortex intact in wild-type mice, and imaging the entire SC with wide-field microscopy in partial-cortex mutant mice.

Mouse Superior Colliculus의 칼슘 이미징

The superior colliculus (SC), an evolutionarily conserved midbrain structure in all vertebrates, is the most sophisticated visual center before the ...

Hypothalamic 마우스 뇌 슬라이스의 GFP 태그 뉴런의 영상 칼슘 응답

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영상의 연결 응답 Vomeronasal 조직의 슬라이스 준비에 유전적으로 인코딩된 칼슘 센서를 표현

Colliculo-thalamocortical 마우스 뇌 조각의 변경, 3 차원 챔버 구성 요소의 인쇄 및 멀티 스케일 광학 이미징을 통합

Thy1를 사용 하 여 기본 Somatosensory 피 질에서 신경 활동을 이미징-GCaMP6s 유전자 변형 쥐

두뇌 조각에서 신경 모 수석에서 2 광자 칼슘 이미지

마우스 의 생체 칼슘 이미징에서 맛 자극에 신경절 신경 반응

생체 내 마우스 열등올리브의 칼슘 이미징

생체 내 온전한 등근 신경절에 있는 일차 감각 뉴런 네트워크에서 뉴런 앙상블의 칼슘 이미징

Mouse Superior Colliculus의 칼슘 이미징

Mouse Superior Colliculus의 칼슘 이미징