이 작품은 국립 다중 경화증 협회 (TA AEC에 3021 - A1 / T)와 산 안토니오 텍사스 대학에 의해 지원되었다.

시약의 준비 칼슘없이 10X HBSS의 한 부분과 percoll 9 부분을 혼합하여 주식 isotonic percoll (SIP), 뇌 당 4 ML을 준비 + +와 MG + +. 없이 1X HBSS 70 %로 SIP를 준비 칼슘 + +와 MG + +, 15 ML의 폴리 프로필렌 원뿔 관에 적절 뇌의 당 2 ML. 참고 :이 percoll은 실온에서 사용해야하는 것이 좋습니다, 감기를 사용한 경우, 세포 클럼프하는 경향과 세포 분리 덜 효율적이다. 조직 수집 및 균질화 얼음처럼 차가운 1X HBSS과 좌심실을 통해 마우스 및 perfuse를 마취. 뇌 및 척수를 해부하다 모든 생쥐가 희생되기 전까지는 페놀 레드없는 RPMI으로 유지합니다. 7 15 ML 다운스 호모 지 나이저는 RPMI 3 ML을 포함에서 개최 조직은 부드럽게 추가로 조직을 떼어 놓다하는 타이 맞는 유봉 (B 크기) 다음 느슨한 맞는 유봉 (크기)와 세포 현탁액합니다. RPMI 7 개의 ML에 셀 suspensions의 볼륨을 작성합니다. 그라데이션이 설정 최종 30 % SIP를 만들기 위해 세포 현탁액에 SIP 3 ML 추가 천천히 계층 70 % SIP 위에 10 ML 세포 현탁액. 이 절차의 가장 중요한 단계이며, 70 % 혼합하여 30 % 솔루션을 피하고 중력 모드에서 설정 피펫 에이드를 사용합니다. 명확 평평한 라인은 70 % -30 %의 교차점에 표시되어야합니다. 500G 18 ° C.에서 30 분 원심 분리기 원심 분리기는 계면이 방해되지 않도록 최소한의 또는 전혀 브레이크와 함께 중지됩니다 있는지 확인하십시오. 전송 pipet을 사용하면 부드럽게 튜브의 상단에서 파편의 레이어를 제거하고 1X HBSS 8 ML을 포함한 깨끗한 원뿔 관에 70 % -30 %의 계면의 2.0-3.0 ML를 수집합니다. 계면을 포함하고있는 percoll 세 배에 대한 희석되었는지 확인, 18 500G에서 역전과 centrifugre 7 분으로 몇 번 혼합 ° C. Resuspend 세포 얼룩 버퍼 1 ML의 펠렛 및 1.5 ML 튜브로 전송하고 4 만 G 1 분 ° C.에서 마이크로 원심 분리기를 사용하여 한 번 더 씻어 항체 염색법 antimouse CD16/CD32 투석을 50 μl의 Resuspend 알약은 FC 바인딩 사이트를 차단하는 세포 얼룩 버퍼에 1:200 희석. 10 분 얼음 위에 알을 품다. hemocytometer를 사용하여 셀을 계산합니다. 30 분 얼음 항체 칵테일 믹스와 부화 50 μl를 추가합니다. 각 항체 먼저 최적의 희석을 평가하기 위해 titrated해야합니다. 레이저와 특정 흐름 cytometer의 필터 설정의 기능에 따라 선택한 해당 fluorochrome 조합을 사용합니다. 세포 얼룩 버퍼의 100-200 μl의 세포 얼룩 버퍼, resuspend 알약의 세포를 세척하고 cytometer에 즉시 분석하거나, 또는 세포는 4 PBS의 준비 2 % paraformaldehyde (PFA)에 resuspended 이상 박 저장할 수 있습니다 ° C . 대표 결과 : 그라디언트를 회전 후, 70 % -30 %의 계면은 정의된 흰색 후광이 있어야하고, 순진한 마우스에서 발견한 세포의 quantitation 마우스 당 3-5 X10 5 세포 (뇌 척수 플러스) 양보해야합니다. 염증 두뇌 CNS의 모욕 또는 질병 모델 (그림 1)에 따라 염증 세포의 숫자까지 할 수도 있습니다. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2348/2348fig1.jpg" alt="그림 1" /> 그림 1. 피크 질병에 순진하고 EAE - 머리에서 mononuclear 세포의 분리. 뇌 세포의 suspensions는 불연속 70% / 30 % percoll의 그라디언트를 통해 분리되었다. 세포 얼룩이 얼음에 30 분 안티 CD45 항체 뒤에 FC - 블록 incubated되었습니다. 세포는 세포 얼룩 버퍼에 씻어서하고, LSR - II에 2% PFA 전에 인수에서 수정되었습니다. CD45 강도는 세 개의 서로 다른 인구가 시각의 Y - 축 단위로 측정됩니다. CD45 안녕 침투 세포의 면역 표현형의 추가 특성이 추가 항체를 사용하여 구현하고 이후 유동세포계측법 의해 분석됩니다.

<ol>
	<li>Sedgwick, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+direct+characterization+of+resident+microglial+cells+from+the+normal+and+inflamed+central+nervous+system.">Isolation and direct characterization of resident microglial cells from the normal and inflamed central nervous system.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 88, 7438-7442 (1991).</li><li>Ponomarev, E. D., Shriver, L. P., Maresz, K., Dittel, B. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microglial+cell+activation+and+proliferation+precedes+the+onset+of+CNS+autoimmunity.">Microglial cell activation and proliferation precedes the onset of CNS autoimmunity.</a> J. Neurosci. Res. 81, 374-389 (2005).</li><li>Ford, A. L., Goodsall, A. L., Hickey, W. F., Sedgwick, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Normal+adult+ramified+microglia+separated+from+other+central+nervous+system+macrophages+by+flow+cytometric+sorting.+Phenotypic+differences+defined+and+direct+ex+vivo+antigen+presentation+to+myelin+basic+protein-reactive+CD4++T+cells+compared.">Normal adult ramified microglia separated from other central nervous system macrophages by flow cytometric sorting. Phenotypic differences defined and direct ex vivo antigen presentation to myelin basic protein-reactive CD4+ T cells compared.</a> J Immunol. 154, 4309-4321 (1995).</li><li>Cardona, A. E., Huang, D., Sasse, M. E., Ransohoff, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+murine+microglial+cells+for+RNA+analysis+or+flow+cytometry.">Isolation of murine microglial cells for RNA analysis or flow cytometry.</a> Nat. Protoc. 1, 1947-1951 (2006).</li><li>Juedes, A. E., Ruddle, N. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Resident+and+infiltrating+central+nervous+system+APCs+regulate+the+emergence+and+resolution+of+experimental+autoimmune+encephalomyelitis.">Resident and infiltrating central nervous system APCs regulate the emergence and resolution of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.</a> J. Immunol. 166, 5168-5175 (2001).</li><li>Prinz, M., Priller, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tickets+to+the+brain:+Role+of+CCR2+and+CX(3)CR1+in+myeloid+cell+entry+in+the+CNS.">Tickets to the brain: Role of CCR2 and CX(3)CR1 in myeloid cell entry in the CNS.</a> J Neuroimmunol. , (2010).</li><li>Mildner, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microglia+in+the+adult+brain+arise+from+Ly-6ChiCCR2++monocytes+only+under+defined+host+conditions.">Microglia in the adult brain arise from Ly-6ChiCCR2+ monocytes only under defined host conditions.</a> Nat. Neurosci. 10, 1544-1553 (2007).</li><li>Djukic, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Circulating+monocytes+engraft+in+the+brain,+differentiate+into+microglia+and+contribute+to+the+pathology+following+meningitis+in+mice.">Circulating monocytes engraft in the brain, differentiate into microglia and contribute to the pathology following meningitis in mice.</a> Brain. 129, 2394-2403 (2006).</li></ol>

관심 없음 충돌 선언하지 않습니다.

정상 및 염증 마우스 조직에서 CNS의 leukocytes의 세포 표면 마커의 분석은 1-3 몇 수십 년 동안 이용되었다. 격리 프로토콜은 밀도 원심 분리에 의해 4 microglia 및 leukocytes의 분리에 근거하고 있습니다. 여기 불연속 percoll의 그라디언트를 사용하여 CNS의 leukocytes를 격리의 신속하고 효과적인 방법을 설명합니다. 세포의 분리 후, 각종 항체와 얼룩으로 - 이에 - CD45 이에 국한되지 않음, CD4...

조직 균질화 및 그라디언트 <ul><li> Percoll (아머샴) </li><li> 칼슘과 마그네슘없이 10X 행크스 &#39;밸런스드 소금 솔루션 (Gibco) </li><li> 페놀 레드 않고 중간 RPMI 1640 (Gibco) </li><li> 7 - ML 15 - ML 다운스 조직 그라 인더스 (VWR) </li></ul> 유동세포계측법 <ul><li> 세포 스테 이닝 버퍼 (Biolegend) </li><li> 정화 랫 방지 마우스 CD16/CD32 (마우스 BD FC 블록), BD Pharmingen </li><li> Hemacytometer (피셔) </li><li> 안티 마우스 CD45 (복제 30 - F11), CD4 (클론 RM4 - 5), CD19 (클론 6D5), BioLegend </li><li> 10X 인산은 칼슘과 마그네슘없이 살린 버퍼 (써모 과학) </li><li> Paraformaldehyde (시그마 알드리치) </li><li> 유동세포계측법 분석 LSR II (BD Biosciences)와 수행 </li></ul>

isolation of brain and spinal cord mononuclear cells using percoll gradients

감염, 외상, autoimmunity 또는 neurodegeneration 동안 중추 신경계 (CNS)를 침투 면역 세포의 분리는 종종 자신의 표현형 및 이펙터 기능을 정의해야합니다. Histochemical 접근 침투 세포의 위치를​​ 파악하고 병리 관련 CNS를 분석하는 수단입니다. 그러나, 원위치 histochemistry과 immunofluorescent 얼룩 기술은 특정 조직에 면역 세포 subtypes을 특성화하기 위해 한 번에 사용할 수있는 항체의 숫자에 의해 제한됩니다. 따라서, 유동세포계측법에 의해 면역 - phenotyping와 함께 histological 접근 방법이 완전히 지역 CNS의 침투의 조성을 특성화하기 위해 중요하다. 이 프로토콜은 discontinous percoll 그라디언트를 통해 CNS 세포 suspensions의 분리에 따라 달라집니다. 현재 문서는 효율적으로 효과적으로 유동세포계측법하여 하나의 샘플에서 다양한 면역 세포 집단의 식별을 위해 활용할 수있는 두뇌 및 척수 조직에서 mononuclear 세포를 분리하기 위해 빠른 프로토콜을 설명합니다.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Brain and Spinal Cord Mononuclear Cells Using Percoll Gradients at JoVE.com

Isolation of Brain and Spinal Cord Mononuclear Cells Using Percoll Gradients

현재 문서는 효율적으로 효과적으로 흐름 cytometric 분석을 위해 활용할 수 뇌 및 척수 조직에서 mononuclear 세포를 분리하기 위해 빠른 프로토콜을 설명합니다.

Percoll 그라디언트를 사용하여 두뇌와 척수 Mononuclear 세포의 분리

Isolation of immune cells that infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS) during infection, trauma, autoimmunity or neurodegeneration, is often required ...

isolation-brain-spinal-cord-mononuclear-cells-using-percoll

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

40.6K 조회수.  University of Texas at San Antonio - UTSA. 현재 문서는 효율적으로 효과적으로 흐름 cytometric 분석을 위해 활용할 수 뇌 및 척수 조직에서 mononuclear 세포를 분리하기 위해 빠른 프로토콜을 설명합니다.

비디오: Isolation of Brain and Spinal Cord Mononuclear Cells Using Percoll Gradients

Quantitative Assessment of Immune Cells in the Injured Spinal Cord Tissue by Flow Cytometry:  a Novel Use for a Cell Purification Method

Detection of immune cells in the injured central nervous system (CNS) using morphological or histological techniques has not always provided true quantitative analysis of cellular inflammation. Flow cytometry is a quick alternative method to quantify immune cells in the injured brain or spinal cord tissue. Historically, flow cytometry has been used to quantify immune cells collected from blood or dissociated spleen or thymus, and only a few studies have attempted to quantify immune cells in the injured spinal cord by flow cytometry using fresh dissociated cord tissue. However, the dissociated spinal cord tissue is concentrated with myelin debris that can be mistaken for cells and reduce cell count reliability obtained by the flow cytometer. We have advanced a cell preparation method using the OptiPrep gradient system to effectively separate lipid/myelin debris from cells, providing sensitive and reliable quantifications of cellular inflammation in the injured spinal cord by flow cytometry. As described in our recent study (Beck &amp; Nguyen et al., Brain. 2010 Feb; 133 (Pt 2): 433-47), the OptiPrep cell preparation had increased sensitivity to detect cellular inflammation in the injured spinal cord, with counts of specific cell types correlating with injury severity. Critically, novel usage of this method provided the first characterization of acute and chronic cellular inflammation after SCI to include a complete time course for polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs, neutrophils), macrophages/microglia, and T-cells over a period ranging from 2 hours to 180 days post-injury (dpi), identifying a surprising novel second phase of cellular inflammation. Thorough characterization of cellular inflammation using this method may provide a better understanding of neuroinflammation in the injured CNS, and reveal an important multiphasic component of neuroinflammation that may be critical for the design and implementation of rational therapeutic treatment strategies, including both cell-based and pharmacological interventions for SCI.

Quantification of cellular inflammation in the injured/pathological CNS by flow cytometry is complicated by lipid/myelin debris that can have similar size and granulation to cells, decreasing sensitivity/accuracy. We have advanced a cell preparation method to remove myelin debris and improve cell detection by flow cytometry in the injured spinal cord.

유동세포계측법에 의해 피해를 입은 척수 조직에서 면역 세포의 양적 평가 : 세포 정제 방법에 대한 소설을 사용

Detection of immune cells in the injured central nervous system (CNS) using morphological or histological techniques has not always provided true ...

연구

면역학 및 감염병학

Isolation of Brain-infiltrating Leukocytes

We describe a method for preparing brain infiltrating leukocytes (BILs) from mice. We demonstrate how to infect mice with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) via a rapid intracranial injection technique and how to purify a leukocyte-enriched population of infiltrating cells from whole brain. Briefly, mice are anesthetized with isoflurane in a closed chamber and are free-hand injected with a Hamilton syringe into the frontal cortex. Mice are then killed at various times after infection by isoflurane overdose and whole brains are extracted and homogenized in RPMI with a Tenbroeck tissue grinder. Brain homogenates are centrifuged through a continuous 30% Percoll gradient to remove the myelin and other cell debris. The cell suspension is then strained at 40 &mu;m, washed and centrifuged on a discontinuous Ficoll-Paque Plus gradient to select and purify the leukocytes. The leukocytes are then washed and resuspended in appropriate buffers for immunophenotyping by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry reveals a population of innate immune cells at the early stages of infection in C57BL/6 mice. At 24 hours post infection, multiple subsets of immune cells are present in the BILs, with an enriched population of Gr1+, CD11b+ and F4/80+cells. Therefore, this method is useful in characterizing the immune response to acute infection in the brain.

A rapid method to obtain infiltrating leukocytes from the murine brain is described. This method utilizes a continuous Percoll gradient and discontinuous Ficoll gradient to select and purify the leukocyte-enriched layer. Isolated leukocytes may then be characterized by flow cytometric measurements.

브레인 - 침투 Leukocytes의 분리

We describe a method for preparing brain infiltrating leukocytes (BILs) from mice. We demonstrate how to infect mice with Theiler's murine ...

Isolation of Functional Cardiac Immune Cells

Cardiac immune cells are gaining interest for the roles they play in the pathological remodeling in many cardiac diseases.1-5 These immune cells, which include mast cells, T-cells and macrophages; store and release a variety of biologically active mediators including cytokines and proteases such as tryptase.6-8 These mediators have been shown to be key players in extracellular matrix metabolism by activating matrix metalloproteinases or causing collagen accumulation by modulating the cardiac fibroblasts' function.9-11 However, available techniques for isolating cardiac immune cells have been problematic because they use bacterial collagenase to digest the myocardial tissue. This technique causes activation of the immune cells and thus a loss of function. For example, cardiac mast cells become significantly less responsive to compounds that cause degranulation.12 Therefore, we developed a technique that allows for the isolation of functional cardiac immune cells which would lead to a better understanding of the role of these cells in cardiac disease.13, 14
This method requires a familiarity with the anatomical location of the rat's xiphoid process, axilla and falciform ligament, and pericardium of the heart. These landmarks are important to increase success of the procedure and to ensure a higher yield of cardiac immune cells. These isolated cardiac immune cells can then be used for characterization of functionality, phenotype, maturity, and co-culture experiments with other cardiac cells to gain a better understanding of their interactions.

This method for isolating functional immune cells from the heart provides an alternative to the conventional methods of collagenase digestion, which causes unwanted immune cell activation, resulting in a decreased responsiveness of these cells. Our method of isolation yields functional cardiac immune cells by avoiding problems associated with enzymatic digestion.

심장 기능 면역 세포의 분리

Cardiac immune cells are gaining interest for the roles they play in the pathological remodeling in many cardiac diseases.1-5  These immune cells, which ...

Isolation of Mouse Lung Dendritic Cells

Lung dendritic cells (DC) play a fundamental role in sensing invading pathogens 1,2 as well as in the control of tolerogenic responses 3 in the respiratory tract. At least three main subsets of lung dendritic cells have been described in mice: conventional DC (cDC) 4, plasmacytoid DC (pDC) 5 and the IFN-producing killer DC (IKDC) 6,7. The cDC subset is the most prominent DC subset in the lung 8. 
The common marker known to identify DC subsets is CD11c, a type I transmembrane integrin (&beta;2) that is also expressed on monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and some B cells 9. In some tissues, using CD11c as a marker to identify mouse DC is valid, as in spleen, where most CD11c+ cells represent the cDC subset which expresses high levels of the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II). However, the lung is a more heterogeneous tissue where beside DC subsets, there is a high percentage of a distinct cell population that expresses high levels of CD11c bout low levels of MHC-II. Based on its characterization and mostly on its expression of F4&#47;80, an splenic macrophage marker, the CD11chiMHC-IIlo lung cell population has been identified as pulmonary macrophages 10 and more recently, as a potential DC precursor 11. 
In contrast to mouse pDC, the study of the specific role of cDC in the pulmonary immune response has been limited due to the lack of a specific marker that could help in the isolation of these cells. Therefore, in this work, we describe a procedure to isolate highly purified mouse lung cDC. The isolation of pulmonary DC subsets represents a very useful tool to gain insights into the function of these cells in response to respiratory pathogens as well as environmental factors that can trigger the host immune response in the lung.

A highly purified preparation of mouse lung dendritic cells is described. Specific emphasis is given to the isolation of conventional dendritic cell subset.

마우스 폐에 돌기 세포의 분리

Lung dendritic cells (DC) play a fundamental role in sensing invading pathogens 1,2 as well as in the control of tolerogenic responses 3 in the ...

Isolation of Precursor B-cell Subsets from Umbilical Cord Blood

Umbilical cord blood is highly enriched for hematopoietic progenitor cells at different lineage commitment stages. We have developed a protocol for isolating precursor B-cells at four different stages of differentiation. Because genes are expressed and epigenetic modifications occur in a tissue specific manner, it is vital to discriminate between tissues and cell types in order to be able to identify alterations in the genome and the epigenome that may lead to the development of disease. This method can be adapted to any type of cell present in umbilical cord blood at any stage of differentiation.	
This method comprises 4 main steps. First, mononuclear cells are separated by density centrifugation. Second, B-cells are enriched using biotin conjugated antibodies that recognize and remove non B-cells from the mononuclear cells. Third the B-cells are fluorescently labeled with cell surface protein antibodies specific to individual stages of B-cell development. Finally, the fluorescently labeled cells are sorted and individual populations are recovered. The recovered cells are of sufficient quantity and quality to be utilized in downstream nucleic acid assays.

Here we describe a protocol for isolating subsets of precursor B-cells from umbilical cord blood. A sufficient quantity and quality of nucleic acids may be extracted from the cells and used in subsequent assays utilizing DNA or RNA.

탯줄 혈액에서 전구체 B-세포 하위 집합의 절연

Umbilical cord blood is highly enriched for hematopoietic progenitor cells at different lineage commitment stages. We have developed a protocol for ...

Isolation of Adipose Tissue Immune Cells

The discovery of increased macrophage infiltration in the adipose tissue (AT) of obese rodents and humans has led to an intensification of interest in immune cell contribution to local and systemic insulin resistance. Isolation and quantification of different immune cell populations in lean and obese AT is now a commonly utilized technique in immunometabolism laboratories; yet extreme care must be taken both in stromal vascular cell isolation and in the flow cytometry analysis so that the data obtained is reliable and interpretable. In this video we demonstrate how to mince, digest, and isolate the immune cell-enriched stromal vascular fraction. Subsequently, we show how to antibody label macrophages and T lymphocytes and how to properly gate on them in flow cytometry experiments. Representative flow cytometry plots from low fat-fed lean and high fat-fed obese mice are provided. A critical element of this analysis is the use of antibodies that do not fluoresce in channels where AT macrophages are naturally autofluorescent, as well as the use of proper compensation controls.

Adipose tissue (AT) is a site of intense immune cell activation and interaction. Almost all cells of the immune system are present in AT and their ratios are altered by obesity. Proper isolation, quantification, and characterization of AT immune cell populations are critical for understanding their role in immunometabolic disease.

지방 조직 면역 세포의 분리

The discovery of increased macrophage infiltration in  the adipose tissue (AT) of obese rodents and humans has led to an  intensification of interest in ...

Isolation of Myeloid Dendritic Cells and Epithelial Cells from Human Thymus

In this protocol we provide a method to isolate dendritic cells (DC) and epithelial cells (TEC) from the human thymus. DC and TEC are the major antigen presenting cell (APC) types found in a normal thymus and it is well established that they play distinct roles during thymic selection. These cells are localized in distinct microenvironments in the thymus and each APC type makes up only a minor population of cells. To further understand the biology of these cell types, characterization of these cell populations is highly desirable but due to their low frequency, isolation of any of these cell types requires an efficient and reproducible procedure. This protocol details a method to obtain cells suitable for characterization of diverse cellular properties. Thymic tissue is mechanically disrupted and after different steps of enzymatic digestion, the resulting cell suspension is enriched using a Percoll density centrifugation step. For isolation of myeloid DC (CD11c+), cells from the low-density fraction (LDF) are immunoselected by magnetic cell sorting. Enrichment of TEC populations (mTEC, cTEC) is achieved by depletion of hematopoietic (CD45hi) cells from the low-density Percoll cell fraction allowing their subsequent isolation via fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) using specific cell markers. The isolated cells can be used for different downstream applications.

This protocol details a method to isolate antigen presenting cells from human thymus via different steps of enzymatic digestion of the tissue followed by density centrifugation of the single cell suspension and finally magnetic and/or FACS sorting of the cell populations of interest.

인간의 흉선에서 골수 수지상 세포와 상피 세포의 분리

In this protocol we provide a method to isolate dendritic cells (DC) and epithelial cells (TEC) from the human thymus. DC and TEC are the major antigen ...

Detecting Glycogen in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells with Periodic Acid Schiff Staining

Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining is an immunohistochemical technique used on muscle biopsies and as a diagnostic tool for blood samples. Polysaccharides such as glycogen, glycoproteins, and glycolipids stain bright magenta making it easy to enumerate positive and negative cells within the tissue. In muscle cells PAS staining is used to determine the glycogen content in different types of muscle cells, while in blood cell samples PAS staining has been explored as a diagnostic tool for a variety of conditions. Blood contains a proportion of white blood cells that belong to the immune system. The notion that cells of the immune system possess glycogen and use it as an energy source has not been widely explored. Here, we describe an adapted version of the PAS staining protocol that can be applied on peripheral blood mononuclear immune cells from human venous blood. Small cells with PAS-positive granules and larger cells with diffuse PAS staining were observed. Treatment of samples with amylase abrogates these patterns confirming the specificity of the stain. An alternate technique based on enzymatic digestion confirmed the presence and amount of glycogen in the samples. This protocol is useful for hematologists or immunologists studying polysaccharide content in blood-derived lymphocytes.

Periodic acid Schiff staining is a technique that visualizes the polysaccharide content of tissues. This article demonstrates periodic acid Schiff staining protocol adapted for use on peripheral blood mononuclear cells purified from human venous blood. Such samples are enriched for lymphocytes and other white blood cells of the immune system.

요오드 산 쉬프 염색 말초 혈액 단핵 세포에서 글리코겐을 감지

Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining is an immunohistochemical technique used on muscle biopsies and as a diagnostic tool for blood samples. ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain

Ischemic stroke initiates a robust inflammatory response that starts in the intravascular compartment and involves rapid activation of brain resident cells. A key mechanism of this inflammatory response is the migration of circulating immune cells to the ischemic brain facilitated by chemokine release and increased endothelial adhesion molecule expression. Brain-invading leukocytes are well-known contributing to early-stage secondary ischemic injury, but their significance for the termination of inflammation and later brain repair has only recently been noticed.
Here, a simple protocol for the efficient isolation of immune cells from the ischemic mouse brain is provided. After transcardial perfusion, brain hemispheres are dissected and mechanically dissociated. Enzymatic digestion with Liberase&#160;is followed by density gradient (such as Percoll) centrifugation to remove myelin and cell debris. One major advantage of this protocol is the single-layer density gradient procedure which does not require time-consuming preparation of gradients and can be reliably performed. The approach yields highly reproducible cell counts per brain hemisphere and allows for measuring several flow cytometry panels in one biological replicate. Phenotypic characterization and quantification of brain-invading leukocytes after experimental stroke may contribute to a better understanding of their multifaceted roles in ischemic injury and repair.

Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Increasing evidence suggests that it acts as a double-edged sword which exacerbates early brain injury, but also contributes to later repair. This protocol describes the isolation of immune cells from the ischemic brain and their subsequent flow cytometric phenotyping.

허혈성 마우스 뇌에서 면역 세포의 분리 및 유세포 분석

Ischemic stroke initiates a robust inflammatory response that starts in the intravascular compartment and involves rapid activation of brain resident ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 malignant gliomas soon after intracranial engraftment if the cancer cells are rendered deficient in their expression of the &#946;-galactoside-binding lectin galectin-1 (gal-1). More recent work now shows that a population of Gr-1+/CD11b+ myeloid cells is critical to this effect. To better understand the mechanisms by which NK and myeloid cells cooperate to confer gal-1-deficient tumor rejection we have developed a comprehensive protocol for the isolation and analysis of glioma-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The method is demonstrated here by comparing PBMC infiltration into the tumor microenvironment of gal-1-expressing GL26 gliomas with those rendered gal-1-deficient via shRNA knockdown. The protocol begins with a description of&#160;how to culture and prepare GL26 cells for inoculation into the syngeneic C57BL/6J mouse brain. It then explains the steps involved in the isolation and flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating PBMCs from the early brain tumor microenvironment. The method is adaptable to a number of in vivo experimental designs in which temporal data on immune infiltration into the brain is required. The method is sensitive and highly reproducible, as glioma-infiltrating PBMCs can be isolated from intracranial tumors as soon as 24 hr post-tumor engraftment with similar cell counts observed from time point matched tumors throughout independent experiments. A single experimentalist can perform the method from brain harvesting to flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating PBMCs in roughly 4-6 hr depending on the number of samples to be analyzed. Alternative glioma models and/or cell-specific detection antibodies may also be used at the experimentalists&#8217; discretion to assess the infiltration of several other immune cell types of interest without the need for alterations to the overall procedure.

Presented here is a straightforward method for the isolation and flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells that yields time-dependent quantitative data on the number and activation status of immune cells entering the early brain tumor microenvironment.

분리 및 신경 교종-침투 말초 혈액 단핵 세포의 유세포 분석

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 ...