27.16 : Hormones Secreted by the Stomach

Enteroendocrine cells, accounting for only 1% of stomach epithelial cells, play a significant role in digestion and are classified by their digestive hormone secretions.

Each of these hormones secreted by different enteroendocrine cells plays a unique role in digestion. Here are a few examples:

1. Gastrin: The G cells secrete gastrin, a hormone that stimulates the production of gastric acid and enzymes. It enhances the contraction of stomach muscles, facilitating food movement through the digestive tract.
2. Somatostatin: D cells release somatostatin, a hormone that inhibits gastrin secretion. The somatostatin hormone inhibits the release of gastrin when there's excessive acidity in the stomach, ensuring a balanced digestive process.
3. Ghrelin: Often referred to as the 'hunger hormone,' ghrelin is produced by P/D1 cells. It stimulates appetite and promotes the release of growth hormone. It plays an essential role in regulating metabolism and energy balance.
4. Histamine: This hormone, produced by enterochromaffin-like cells in the stomach, stimulates the secretion of gastric acid.
5. Serotonin: Secreted by enteroendocrine cells, serotonin regulates gastrointestinal motility, ensuring smooth movement of food through the digestive tract.

In conclusion, the hormones secreted by the enteroendocrine cells of the stomach mucosa play a pivotal role in our digestive system. By working together, they balance the digestive process, ensuring proper digestion and absorption of nutrients and contributing to overall digestive health.