この研究は、サムスン科学技術財団(プロジェクト番号SSTF-BA1801-10)からの助成金によって支えられました。

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著者は開示するものが何もない

ここで述べたような扁桃体のような深部脳領域における頭部取付小型顕微鏡による生体内光学的カルシウムイメージングの成功を達成するためには、巧みな手術技術が不可欠である。したがって、このプロトコルは、ベースプレートアタッチメントとGRINレンズの移植の最適化された外科プロセスのためのガイドラインを提供しますが、重要なステップのために追加の最適化プロセスが必要な...

カルシウムはユビキタスな第二のメッセンジャーであり、ほぼすべての細胞機能8において重要な役割を果たしている。ニューロンにおいて、作用電位焼成およびシナプス入力は、細胞内遊離の急速な変化を引き起こす [Ca2+]9,10.したがって、カルシウム過渡性を追跡することは、神経活動を監視する機会を提供する。GEC は、定義された細胞集団および細胞内区画11,12で [Ca2+] を監視できる強力なツールです。タンパク質ベースのカルシウム指標の多くの異なるタイプの中で、GCaMPは、単一のGFP分子13に基づくCa2+プローブで、最も最適化され、広く使用されているGECIです。複数のエンジニアリングを通じて、GCaMPの多くのバリエーションが12、14、15、16で開発されました。我々は、このプロトコル16で最近開発されたGCaMPの1、GCaMP7bを使用しています。GCaMPセンサは、開発中のCa2+過渡現象のイメージング、特定皮質層18における生体内イメージング、運動タスク学習19における回路ダイナミクスの測定、海馬および扁桃体20、20の連想恐怖記憶に関連する細胞アンサンブル活動のイメージングなど、多くのモデル生物における神経回路機能の研究に大きく貢献してきた。
GECI の光学イメージングには、いくつかの利点があります。遺伝的コード化により、GECは、遺伝的プロファイルまたは解剖学的接続性の特定のパターンによって定義される特定のサブセットの細胞において、長期間安定して発現することが可能になります。光学イメージングは、生きている動物のニューロンの数百から数千の生体内の慢性同時監視を可能にします。脳内でのGECのイメージングおよび解析のために、ヘッドマウント小型蛍光顕微鏡21、23、24、25を用いて、マウスを自由に振る舞う光学イメージングシステムがいくつか開発されている。GECを用いたin vivo光学イメージング技術、GRINレンズ、およびヘッドマウント小型顕微鏡は神経回路活動と行動との関連を研究する強力なツールであるにもかかわらず、この技術を扁桃体に適用することは、扁桃体でGECを発現する細胞に対するいくつかの技術的な問題により困難であった。このプロトコルは、扁桃体における生体内光学カルシウムイメージングを成功させるための重要なステップであるベースプレート付着およびGRINレンズ注入の外科的処置に役立つガイドラインを提供することを目的としている。このプロトコルは扁桃体を標的としますが、ここで説明するほとんどの手順は、一般的に他のより深い脳領域に適用されます。このプロトコルは特定のシステム(例えば、Inscopix)に基づいているが、他の代替システムでも同じ目的が容易に達成され得る。

<table><tbody><tr><td>26G needle</td><td>BD</td><td>302002</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>AAV1-Syn-GCaMP7b-WPRE</td><td>Addgene</td><td>104493-AAV1</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>AAV2/1-CaMKii&amp;alpha;-GFP</td><td>custom made</td><td></td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Acrylic-Dental cement (Ortho-jet Acrylic Pink)</td><td>Lang</td><td>1334-pink</td><td>Surgery &amp;amp; Baseplate Attachment</td></tr><tr><td>Air flow manipulator</td><td>Neurotar</td><td>NTR000253-04</td><td>Baseplate Attachment</td></tr><tr><td>Amoxicillin</td><td>SIGMA</td><td>A8523-5G</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Baseplate</td><td>INSCOPIX</td><td>1050-002192</td><td>Baseplate Attachment</td></tr><tr><td>Baseplate cover</td><td>INSCOPIX</td><td>1050-002193</td><td>Baseplate Attachment</td></tr><tr><td>Behavioral apparatus (chamber)</td><td>Coulbourn Instrument</td><td>Testcage</td><td>Behavior test</td></tr><tr><td>Behavioral apparatus (software)</td><td>Coulbourn Instrument</td><td>Freeze Frame</td><td>Behavior test</td></tr><tr><td>Carbon cage</td><td>Neurotar</td><td>180mm x 70mm</td><td>Baseplate Attachment</td></tr><tr><td>Carprofen</td><td>SIGMA</td><td>PHR1452-1G</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Data processing software</td><td>INSCOPIX</td><td>INSCOPIX Data Processing Software</td><td>Baseplate Attachment &amp;amp; Behavior test</td></tr><tr><td>Dexamethasone</td><td>SIGMA</td><td>D1756-500MG</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Drill</td><td>Seyang</td><td>marathon-4</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Drill bur</td><td>ELA</td><td>US1/2, Shank104</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Glass needle</td><td>WPI</td><td>PG10165-4</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>GRIN lens (INSCOPIX Proview Lens Probe)</td><td>INSCOPIX</td><td>1050-002208</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Hamilton Syringe</td><td>Hamilton</td><td>84875</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Head plate</td><td>Neurotar</td><td>Model 5</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Hex-key</td><td>INSCOPIX</td><td>1050-004195</td><td>Baseplate Attachment</td></tr><tr><td>Laptop computer</td><td>Samsung</td><td>NT950XBV</td><td>Surgery &amp;amp; Baseplate Attachment</td></tr><tr><td>Lens holder, Stereotaxic rod (INSCOPIX proview implant kit)</td><td>INSCOPIX</td><td>1050-004223</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Microscope gripper</td><td>INSCOPIX</td><td>1050-002199</td><td>Baseplate Attachment</td></tr><tr><td>Microscope, DAQ software, hardware</td><td>INSCOPIX</td><td>nVista 3.0</td><td>Baseplate Attachment &amp;amp; Behavior test</td></tr><tr><td>Mobile homecage</td><td>Neurotar</td><td>MHC V5</td><td>Baseplate Attachment</td></tr><tr><td>Moterized arm</td><td>Neurostar</td><td>Customized</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Moterized arm software</td><td>Neurostar</td><td>Customized</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>NI board</td><td>National instrument</td><td></td><td>Behavior test</td></tr><tr><td>Removable epoxy bond</td><td>WPI</td><td>Kwik-Cast</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Resin cement (Super-bond)</td><td>Sun medical</td><td>Super bond C&amp;amp;B</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Skull screw</td><td>Stoelting</td><td>51457</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Stereotaxic electrode holder</td><td>ASI</td><td>EH-600</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Stereotaxic frame</td><td>Stoelting</td><td>51600</td><td>Surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Stereotaxic manipulator</td><td>Stoelting</td><td>51600</td><td>Baseplate Attachment</td></tr></tbody></table>

successful in vivo calcium imaging with a head-mount miniaturized microscope in the amygdala of freely behaving mouse

自由に動く動物の神経活動のリアルタイムモニタリングは、神経活動を行動に結びつける重要なアプローチの1つです。このため、遺伝子組み換えカルシウム指標(GEC)、蛍光顕微鏡の微細化、および勾配屈折率(GRIN)レンズを用いてニューロンのカルシウム過渡症を検出するinvivoイメージング技術が開発され、多くの脳構造1、2、3、4、5、6に応用することに成功しました。このイメージング技術は、遺伝的に定義された細胞集団の長期にわたる数週間の慢性同時イメージングを可能にするため、特に強力です。有用であるが、このイメージング技術は、扁桃体、感情処理および連想恐怖記憶7に不可欠な脳構造である扁桃体などの脳内の深部に位置する脳構造に容易に適用されていない。扁桃体にイメージング技術を適用することが困難になるいくつかの要因があります。例えば、運動アーチファクトは、通常、脳の深部に移植されたヘッドマウント顕微鏡が比較的不安定であるため、より深い脳領域で行われるイメージング中により頻繁に発生する。もう一つの問題は、横心室が埋め込まれたGRINレンズの近くに位置し、呼吸中のその動きが、容易に矯正できない非常に不規則な運動アーチファクトを引き起こし、安定したイメージングビューを形成することが困難になることです。さらに、扁桃体の細胞は通常安静状態または麻酔状態で静かであるため、後のイメージングのための基固め手順の間に扁桃体中のGECIを発現する標的細胞を見つけて焦点を合わせるのは難しい。このプロトコルは、扁桃体でGECIを発現する細胞を頭部小型化顕微鏡で効率的に標的化し、このようなより深い脳領域で生体内カルシウムイメージングを成功させる方法に関する有用なガイドラインを提供する。このプロトコルは特定のシステム(例えば、Inscopix)に基づいているが、それに限定されないことに留意された。

GRINレンズ注入の検証 セメンテーションによってベースプレートを脳に慢性的に取り付ける前に、GRINレンズの注入を検証する必要があります。レンズの移植に成功した動物では、GCaMP発現細胞と血管の両方が、顕微鏡の対物レンズと埋め込まれたGRINレンズとの距離によって決定される焦点面範囲内で明確に観察された(図2AおよびB)。</s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Successful In vivo Calcium Imaging with a Head-Mount Miniaturized Microscope in the Amygdala of Freely Behaving Mouse at JoVE.com

Successful In vivo Calcium Imaging with a Head-Mount Miniaturized Microscope in the Amygdala of Freely Behaving Mouse

生体内の微小内視鏡的カルシウムイメージングは、動物の行動を自由に行う神経活動をリアルタイムで監視できる貴重なツールです。しかし、扁桃体にこの技術を適用することは困難であった。このプロトコルは、マウスの顕微鏡を小型化した扁桃体細胞を標的にするための有用なガイドラインを提供することを目的としています。

自由に振る舞うマウスの扁桃体の頭部小型顕微鏡による生体内カルシウムイメージングに成功

In vivo real-time monitoring of neuronal activities in freely moving animals is one of key approaches to link neuronal activity to behavior. For this ...

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JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

12.2K ビュー.  Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST). 生体内の微小内視鏡的カルシウムイメージングは、動物の行動を自由に行う神経活動をリアルタイムで監視できる貴重なツールです。しかし、扁桃体にこの技術を適用することは困難であった。このプロトコルは、マウスの顕微鏡を小型化した扁桃体細胞を標的にするための有用なガイドラインを提供することを目的としています。

ビデオ: Successful In vivo Calcium Imaging with a Head-Mount Miniaturized Microscope in the Amygdala of Freely Behaving Mouse

In Vivo 2-Photon Calcium Imaging in Layer 2/3 of Mice

To understand network dynamics of microcircuits in the neocortex, it is essential to simultaneously record the activity of a large number of neurons . In-vivo two-photon calcium imaging is the only method that allows one to record the activity of a dense neuronal population with single-cell resolution . The method consists in implanting a cranial imaging window, injecting a fluorescent calcium indicator dye that can be taken up by large numbers of neurons and finally recording the activity of neurons with time lapse calcium imaging using an in-vivo two photon microscope. Co-injection of astrocyte-specific dyes allows one to differentiate neurons from astrocytes. The technique can be performed in mice expressing fluorescent molecules in specific subpopulations of neurons to better understand the network interactions of different groups of cells.

To understand network dynamics of microcircuits in the neocortex, it is essential to simultaneously record the activity of a large number of neurons . In-vivo two-photon calcium imaging is the only method that allows one to record the activity of a dense neuronal population with single-cell resolution .

レイヤーin vivoでの2光子カルシウムイメージングマウスの2 / 3

To understand network dynamics of microcircuits in the neocortex, it is essential to simultaneously record the activity of a large number of neurons .  ...

生物学

In vivo Calcium Imaging in Mouse Inferior Olive

Inferior olive (IO), a nucleus in the ventral medulla, is the only source of climbing fibers that form one of the two input pathways entering the cerebellum. IO has long been proposed to be crucial for motor control and its activity is currently considered to be at the center of many hypotheses of both motor and cognitive functions of the cerebellum. While its physiology and function have been relatively well studied on single-cell level in vitro, presently there are no reports on the organization of the IO network activity in living animals. This is largely due to the extremely challenging anatomical location of the IO, making it difficult to subject to conventional fluorescent imaging methods, where an optic path must be created through the entire brain located dorsally to the region of interest.
Here we describe an alternative method for obtaining state-of-the-art -level calcium imaging data from the IO network. The method takes advantage of the extreme ventral location of the IO and involves a surgical procedure for inserting a gradient-refractive index (GRIN) lens through the neck viscera to come into contact with the ventral surface of the calcium sensor GCaMP6s-expressing IO in anesthetized mice. A representative calcium imaging recording is shown to demonstrate the feasibility to record IO neuron activity after the surgery. While this is a non-survival surgery and the recordings must be conducted under anesthesia, it avoids damage to life-critical brainstem nuclei and allows conducting large variety of experiments investigating spatiotemporal activity patterns and input integration in the IO. This procedure with modifications could be used for recordings in other, adjacent regions of the ventral brainstem.

In vivo Calcium Imaging in Mouse Inferior Olive

We present a protocol to expose the brainstem of adult mouse from the ventral side. By using a gradient-refractive index lens with a miniature microscope, calcium imaging can be used to examine the activity of inferior olive neural somata in vivo.

インビボ マウス劣オリーブにおけるカルシウムイメージング

Inferior olive (IO), a nucleus in the ventral medulla, is the only source of climbing fibers that form one of the two input pathways entering the ...

神経科学

Craniotomy Procedure for Visualizing Neuronal Activities in Hippocampus of Behaving Mice

Imaging neuronal activities at single-cell resolution in awake behaving animals is a very powerful approach for the investigation of neural circuit functions in systems neuroscience. However, high absorbance and scattering of light in mammalian tissue limit intravital imaging mostly to superficial brain regions, leaving deep-brain areas, such as the hippocampus, out of reach for optical microscopy. In this video, we show the preparation and implantation of the custom-made imaging window to enable chronic in vivo imaging of the dorsal hippocampal CA1 region in head-fixed behaving mice. The custom-made window is supplemented with an infusion cannula that allows targeted delivery of viral vectors and drugs to the imaging area. By combining this preparation with wide-field imaging, we performed a long-term recording of neuronal activity using a fluorescent calcium indicator from large subsets of neurons in behaving mice over several weeks. We also demonstrated the applicability of this preparation for voltage imaging with single-spike resolution. High-performance genetically encoded indicators of neuronal activity and scientific CMOS cameras allowed the recurrent visualization of subcellular morphological details of single neurons at high temporal resolution. We also discuss the advantages and potential limitations of the described method and its compatibility with other imaging techniques.

This article demonstrates the preparation of a custom-made imaging window supplemented with infusion cannula and its implantation onto the CA1 region of the hippocampus in mice.

マウスの振る舞いの海馬における神経活動を可視化するための頭蓋骨管制法

Imaging neuronal activities at single-cell resolution in awake behaving animals is a very powerful approach for the investigation of neural circuit ...

Stereotaxic Viral Injection and Gradient-Index Lens Implantation for Deep Brain In Vivo Calcium Imaging

A miniature fluorescence microscope (miniscope) is a potent tool for in vivo calcium imaging from freely behaving animals. It offers several advantages over conventional multi-photon calcium imaging systems: (1) compact; (2) light-weighted; (3) affordable; and (4) allows recording from freely behaving animals. This protocol describes brain surgeries for deep brain in vivo calcium imaging using a custom-developed miniscope recording system. The preparation procedure consists of three steps, including (1) stereotaxically injecting the virus at the desired brain region of a mouse brain to label a specific subgroup of neurons with genetically encoded calcium sensor; (2) implantation of gradient-index (GRIN) lens that can relay calcium image from deep brain region to the miniscope system; and (3) affixing the miniscope holder over the mouse skull where miniscope can be attached later. To perform in vivo calcium imaging, the miniscope is fastened onto the holder, and neuronal calcium images are collected along with simultaneous behavior recordings. The present surgery protocol is compatible with any commercial or custom-built single-photon and two-photon imaging systems for deep brain in vivo calcium imaging.

Stereotaxic Viral Injection and Gradient-Index Lens Implantation for Deep Brain In Vivo Calcium Imaging

Miniscope in vivo calcium imaging is a powerful technique to study neuronal dynamics and microcircuits in freely behaving mice. This protocol describes performing brain surgeries to achieve good in vivo calcium imaging using a miniscope.

生体 内 カルシウムイメージングのための定位ウイルス注入および勾配指数レンズ移植

A miniature fluorescence microscope (miniscope) is a potent tool for in vivo calcium imaging from freely behaving animals. It offers several advantages ...

Simultaneous Imaging of Microglial Dynamics and Neuronal Activity in Awake Mice

Since brain functions are under the continuous influence of the signals derived from peripheral tissues, it is critical to elucidate how glial cells in the brain sense various biological conditions in the periphery and transmit the signals to neurons. Microglia, immune cells in the brain, are involved in synaptic development and plasticity. Therefore, the contribution of microglia to neural circuit construction in response to the internal state of the body should be tested critically by intravital imaging of the relationship between microglial dynamics and neuronal activity.
Here, we describe a technique for the simultaneous imaging of microglial dynamics and neuronal activity in awake mice. Adeno-associated virus encoding R-CaMP, a gene-encoded calcium indicator of red fluorescence protein, was injected into layer 2/3 of the primary visual cortex in CX3CR1-EGFP transgenic mice expressing EGFP in microglia. After viral injection, a cranial window was installed onto the brain surface of the injected region. In vivo two-photon imaging in awake mice 4 weeks after the surgery demonstrated that neural activity and microglial dynamics could be recorded simultaneously at the sub-second temporal resolution. This technique can uncover the coordination between microglial dynamics and neuronal activity, with the former responding to peripheral immunological states and the latter encoding the internal brain states.

Here, we describe a protocol combining adeno-associated virus injection with cranial window implantation for simultaneous imaging of microglial dynamics and neuronal activity in awake mice.

覚醒マウスにおけるミクログリア動態と神経活動の同時イメージング

Since brain functions are under the continuous influence of the signals derived from peripheral tissues, it is critical to elucidate how glial cells in ...

In Vivo Wide-Field and Two-Photon Calcium Imaging from a Mouse Using a Large Cranial Window

Wide-field calcium imaging from the mouse&#39;s neocortex allows one to observe cortex-wide neural activity related to various brain functions. On the other hand, two-photon imaging can resolve the activity of local neural circuits at the single-cell level. It is critical to make a large cranial window to perform multiple-scale analysis using both imaging techniques in the same mouse. To achieve this, one must remove a large section of the skull and cover the exposed cortical surface with transparent materials. Previously, glass skulls and polymer-based cranial windows have been developed for this purpose, but these materials are not easily fabricated. The present protocol describes a simple method for making a large cranial window consisting of commercially available polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) wrapping film, a transparent silicone plug, and a cover glass. For imaging the dorsal surface of an entire hemisphere, the window size was approximately 6 x 3 mm2. Severe brain vibrations were not observed regardless of such a large window. Importantly, the condition of the brain surface did not deteriorate for more than one month. Wide-field imaging of a mouse expressing a genetically-encoded calcium indicator (GECI), GCaMP6f, specifically in astrocytes, revealed synchronized responses in a few millimeters. Two-photon imaging of the same mouse showed prominent calcium responses in individual astrocytes over several seconds. Furthermore, a thin layer of an adeno-associated virus was applied to the PVDC film and successfully expressed GECI in cortical neurons over the cranial window. This technique is reliable and cost-effective for making a large cranial window and facilitates the investigation of the neural and glial dynamics and their interactions during behavior at the macroscopic and microscopic levels.

In Vivo Wide-Field and Two-Photon Calcium Imaging from a Mouse Using a Large Cranial Window

The present protocol describes making a large (6 x 3 mm2) cranial window using food wrap, transparent silicone, and cover glass. This cranial window allows in vivo wide-field and two-photon calcium imaging experiments in the same mouse.

インビボ 大きな頭蓋窓を用いたマウスからの広視野および2光子カルシウムイメージング

Wide-field calcium imaging from the mouse&#39;s neocortex allows one to observe cortex-wide neural activity related to various brain functions. On the ...

上丘における2光子および広視野カルシウムイメージング

Calcium Imaging in Mouse Superior Colliculus

The superior colliculus (SC), an evolutionarily conserved midbrain structure in all vertebrates, is the most sophisticated visual center before the emergence of the cerebral cortex. It receives direct inputs from ~30 types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), with each encoding a specific visual feature. It remains elusive whether the SC simply inherits retinal features or if additional and potentially de novo processing occurs in the SC. To reveal the neural coding of visual information in the SC, we provide here a detailed protocol to optically record visual responses with two complementary methods in awake mice. One method uses two-photon microscopy to image calcium activity at single-cell resolution without ablating the overlaying cortex, while the other uses wide-field microscopy to image the whole SC of a mutant mouse whose cortex is largely undeveloped. This protocol details these two methods, including animal preparation, viral injection, headplate implantation, plug implantation, data acquisition, and data analysis. The representative results show that the two-photon calcium imaging reveals visually evoked neuronal responses at single-cell resolution, and the wide-field calcium imaging reveals&#160;neural activity across the entire SC. By combining these two methods, one can reveal the neural coding in the SC at different scales, and such combination can also be applied to other brain regions.

著者スポットライト:上腺における神経コーディングと視覚処理のメカニズムの解明 

This protocol details the procedure for imaging calcium responses in the superior colliculus (SC) of awake mice, including imaging single-neuron activity with two-photon microscopy while leaving the cortex intact in wild-type mice, and imaging the entire SC with wide-field microscopy in partial-cortex mutant mice.

マウス上結腸におけるカルシウムイメージング

The superior colliculus (SC), an evolutionarily conserved midbrain structure in all vertebrates, is the most sophisticated visual center before the ...

マウスの歯状回細胞におけるニューロン活動のリアルタイムイメージング 

In Vivo Calcium Imaging of Granule Cells in the Dentate Gyrus of Hippocampus in Mice

Real-time approaches are typically needed in studies of learning and memory, and in vivo calcium imaging provides the possibility to investigate neuronal activity in awake animals during behavior tasks. Since the hippocampus is closely associated with episodic and spatial memory, it has become an essential brain region in&#160;this field&#39;s research. In recent research, engram cells and place cells were studied by recording the neural activities in the hippocampal CA1 region using the miniature microscope in mice while performing behavioral tasks including open-field and linear track. Although the dentate gyrus is another important region in the hippocampus, it has rarely been studied with in vivo imaging due to its greater depth and difficulty for imaging. In this protocol, we present in detail a calcium imaging process, including how to inject the virus, implant a GRIN (Gradient-index) lens, and attach a base plate for imaging the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. We further describe how to preprocess the calcium imaging data using MATLAB. Additionally, studies of other deep brain regions that require imaging may benefit from this method.

著者スポットライト:小型顕微鏡による歯状回顆粒細胞の神経活性の調査

The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus carries out essential and distinct functions in learning and memory. This protocol describes a set of robust and efficient procedures for in vivo calcium imaging of granule cells in the dentate gyrus in freely moving mice.

マウス海馬歯状回における顆粒細胞のin vivoカルシウムイメージング 

Real-time approaches are typically needed in studies of learning and memory, and in vivo calcium imaging provides the possibility to investigate neuronal ...

自由に振る舞うマウスの扁桃体の頭部小型顕微鏡による生体内カルシウムイメージングに成功

要約

さらに動画を探す

レイヤーin vivoでの2光子カルシウムイメージングマウスの2 / 3

インビボマウス劣オリーブにおけるカルシウムイメージング

マウスの振る舞いの海馬における神経活動を可視化するための頭蓋骨管制法

生体内カルシウムイメージングのための定位ウイルス注入および勾配指数レンズ移植

覚醒マウスにおけるミクログリア動態と神経活動の同時イメージング

インビボ大きな頭蓋窓を用いたマウスからの広視野および2光子カルシウムイメージング

マウス上結腸におけるカルシウムイメージング

マウス上結腸におけるカルシウムイメージング

マウス上結腸におけるカルシウムイメージング

マウス海馬歯状回における顆粒細胞のin vivoカルシウムイメージング

自由に振る舞うマウスの扁桃体の頭部小型顕微鏡による生体内カルシウムイメージングに成功

要約

さらに動画を探す

レイヤーin vivoでの2光子カルシウムイメージングマウスの2 / 3

インビボ マウス劣オリーブにおけるカルシウムイメージング

マウスの振る舞いの海馬における神経活動を可視化するための頭蓋骨管制法

生体 内 カルシウムイメージングのための定位ウイルス注入および勾配指数レンズ移植

覚醒マウスにおけるミクログリア動態と神経活動の同時イメージング

インビボ 大きな頭蓋窓を用いたマウスからの広視野および2光子カルシウムイメージング

マウス上結腸におけるカルシウムイメージング

マウス上結腸におけるカルシウムイメージング

マウス上結腸におけるカルシウムイメージング

マウス海馬歯状回における顆粒細胞のin vivoカルシウムイメージング

インビボマウス劣オリーブにおけるカルシウムイメージング

生体内カルシウムイメージングのための定位ウイルス注入および勾配指数レンズ移植

インビボ大きな頭蓋窓を用いたマウスからの広視野および2光子カルシウムイメージング