EPR と鹿のスペクトロ メーターへのアクセスを提供するため博士 h. Mchaourab と博士 t. ローゼンバウム フルレングスのシステイン レス TRPV1 プラスミドを提供するために非常に感謝しております。

著者が明らかに何もありません。

哺乳類膜蛋白質の表現そして浄化のための現在の技術は分光学的研究14,15,16,42のための蛋白質の十分な量を取得する可能にしました。ここでは、エクスプレス、浄化、再構成、および TRPV1 の分光学的解析を実行するこれらの技術を適応しています。
プロトコルの重要なステ?...

単一粒子の低温電子顕微鏡 (Cryoem) の最近の進歩と哺乳類のイオン チャネルの構造は異常な率で得られています。特に、一過性受容体電位バニロイド 1 (TRPV1) などのポリモーダル イオン チャネルの構造研究を提供しているさらにその活性化機構1,2,3,の理解4,5します。 ただし、膜環境に埋め込まれたイオン チャネルに関する動的な情報はポリモーダル ゲーティングおよび薬剤結合メカニズムを理解する必要です。
電子常磁性共鳴 (EPR) と電子二重共鳴 (鹿) 分光、イオン チャンネル6,7,8,9の最も決定的な機構モデルのいくつかを提供しています。,10,11,12,13。 これらのアプローチは、原核生物の試験に主に制限されていると 3p293光イオン チャネルを細菌の高い洗剤浄化された蛋白質の多量を得られます。昆虫および哺乳類細胞の構造と機能14,15,16の真核生物の膜蛋白質の生産の発展に伴い、それは生化学的を得ることは今分光学的研究のための洗剤浄化された蛋白質の量。
EPR と鹿の信号は、タンパク質の単一システイン残基に付属する paramagneticspin ラベル (SL) (すなわちmethanethiosulfonate) から発生します。スピン ラベル 3 種類の構造情報をレポート: モーション、アクセシビリティ、および距離。この情報は、残基蛋白質の内で埋められるまたは膜または apo と配位子束縛状態13,17,18,19内の水環境にさらされているかどうかを判断できます。(すなわち、クローズド、オープン、リバーシブルのゲート遷移を監視しながら各自のネイティブ環境での動的モデルの導出のための制約のコレクションを提供する EPR と鹿のデータ (ある場合) の高分解能構造の中で、増感と鈍感)。さらに、x 線の結晶学または Cryoem で決定することは困難かもしれない柔軟な地域は、タンパク質20内の場所と同様、二次構造を割り当てるにはこれらの環境のデータ セットを使用して取得でした。脂質 nanodiscs の低温電子顕微鏡構造提供イオンのゲートに関する貴重な情報チャンネル3,21,22,23,24, 25;ただし、分光学的アプローチは、低温電子顕微鏡を使用して確認することは困難かもしれない構造の州 (例えば、温度変化) から動的な情報を提供できます。
EPR と浄化中とスピン標識後システイン残基 (特に哺乳動物チャンネルの豊富な), 低蛋白質収量タンパク質の不安定性を削除するとき、タンパク質の機能の欠如を含む鹿を実装する多くの困難を克服しなければなりません。、と洗剤やリポソームの蛋白質の集合。ここでは、これらの重要な障壁を克服し、哺乳類の感覚受容器の鹿と EPR スペクトル情報を取得するためのプロトコルを設計しています。ここでの目的は分光学的解析の式、浄化、ラベル付け、および機能最小限システイン レス ラット TRPV1 の再構成 (eTRPV1) を構築するための方法論を記述します。この方法は、それらの膜タンパク質のシステイン残基の除去にもかかわらず彼らの機能を維持することまたはシステイン二硫化物結束の形成を含む適切なです。このプロトコルのコレクションは、他の哺乳類のイオン チャンネルの分光分析の合わせることができます。

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</table>

purification and reconstitution of trpv1 for spectroscopic analysis

ポリモーダル イオン チャネルは、アロステリック変更に異なる性質の複数の刺激を変換します。これらの動的分子構造を決定し、主不明のまま挑戦しています。アゴニスト結合部位の構造的特徴といくつかのイオン チャネルの活性化機構の単一粒子の低温電子顕微鏡 (Cryoem) 放出光の最近の進歩、ステージは、ゲートの動的分析の設定します。分光学的手法を用いたメカニズム。電子常磁性共鳴 (EPR) や電子二重共鳴 (鹿) などの分光学的手法は、大量に精製することができます原イオン チャネルの研究に主に制限されています。機能的で安定した膜タンパク質の大量のための要件は、これらのアプローチを使用して哺乳類のイオン チャネルの研究を妨げています。EPR と鹿は、x 線結晶構造解析または Cryoem によって入手が困難なこと、低解像度でとはいえ構造の決定とモバイル蛋白質領域の動的変更を含むとリバーシブルのゲートの監視、多くの利点を提供します。移行 (すなわち、クローズド、オープン、増感と鈍感)。ここでは、ミリグラムの機能洗剤可溶化過渡受容体潜在的な陽イオン チャネル亜科 V メンバー 1 (TRPV1) EPR と鹿分光のラベルすることができますを取得するためプロトコルを提供します。

最小限のシステイン レス TRPV1 の構築 (eTRPV1) と単一システインの変異体の機能解析
分光学的研究への第一歩は、エンジニア リングおよび機能、蛋白質の生化学的な量をもたらすシステイン少ないタンパク質構造 (図 2 a) を特徴付けます。eTRPV1 は、Ca2 +イメージングおよび TEVC (?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Purification and Reconstitution of TRPV1 for Spectroscopic Analysis at JoVE.com

Purification and Reconstitution of TRPV1 for Spectroscopic Analysis

精製と TRPV1 の分光学的解析のための再構成

この記事では、分光分析用洗剤可溶化 TRPV1 の生化学的な量を取得する具体的な方法について説明します。結合されたプロトコルは、膜制御環境で哺乳類のイオン チャネルの構造と機能の研究を容易にするために合わせることが生化学的な生物物理学的ツールを提供します。

Polymodal ion channels transduce multiple stimuli of different natures into allosteric changes; these dynamic conformations are challenging to determine ...

purification-and-reconstitution-of-trpv1-for-spectroscopic-analysis

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

7.9K ビュー.  University of Tennessee Health Science Center. この記事では、分光分析用洗剤可溶化 TRPV1 の生化学的な量を取得する具体的な方法について説明します。結合されたプロトコルは、膜制御環境で哺乳類のイオン チャネルの構造と機能の研究を容易にするために合わせることが生化学的な生物物理学的ツールを提供します。

ビデオ: Purification and Reconstitution of TRPV1 for Spectroscopic Analysis

Expression, Purification, and Antimicrobial Activity of S100A12

Calgranulin proteins are important mediators of innate immunity and are members of the S100 class of the EF-hand family of calcium binding proteins. Some S100 proteins have the capacity to bind transition metals with high affinity and effectively sequester them away from invading microbial pathogens in a process that is termed "nutritional immunity". S100A12 (EN-RAGE) binds both zinc and copper and is highly abundant in innate immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils. We report a refined method for the expression, enrichment and purification of S100A12 in its active, metal-binding configuration. Utilization of this protein in bacterial growth and viability analyses reveals that S100A12 has antimicrobial activity against the bacterial pathogen, Helicobacter pylori. The antimicrobial activity is predicated on the zinc-binding activity of S100A12, which chelates nutrient zinc, thereby starving H. pylori which requires zinc for growth and proliferation.

Here, we present a method to express and purify S100A12 (calgranulin C). We describe a protocol to measure its antimicrobial activity against the human pathogen H. pylori.

S100A12の発現、精製および抗菌活性

Calgranulin proteins are important mediators of innate immunity and are members of the S100 class of the EF-hand family of calcium binding proteins. Some ...

生化学

Method for Efficient Refolding and Purification of Chemoreceptor Ligand Binding Domain

Identification of natural ligands of chemoreceptors and structural studies aimed at elucidation of the molecular basis of the ligand specificity can be greatly facilitated by the production of milligram amounts of pure, folded ligand binding domains. Attempts to heterologously express periplasmic ligand binding domains of bacterial chemoreceptors in Escherichia coli (E. coli) often result in their targeting into inclusion bodies. Here, a method is presented for protein recovery from inclusion bodies, its refolding and purification, using the periplasmic dCACHE ligand binding domain of Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) chemoreceptor Tlp3 as an example. The approach involves expression of the protein of interest with a cleavable His6-tag, isolation and urea-mediated solubilisation of inclusion bodies, protein refolding by urea depletion, and purification by means of affinity chromatography, followed by tag removal and size-exclusion chromatography. The circular dichroism spectroscopy is used to confirm the folded state of the pure protein. It has been demonstrated that this protocol is generally useful for production of milligram amounts of dCACHE periplasmic ligand binding domains of other bacterial chemoreceptors in a soluble and crystallisable form.

A procedure is presented for the refolding of the dCACHE periplasmic ligand binding domain of Campylobacter jejuni chemoreceptor Tlp3 from inclusion bodies and the purification to yield milligram quantities of protein.

高効率巻き戻しと受容体リガンド結合領域の浄化法

Identification of natural ligands of chemoreceptors and structural studies aimed at elucidation of the molecular basis of the ligand specificity can be ...

2 in 1: One-step Affinity Purification for the Parallel Analysis of Protein-Protein and Protein-Metabolite Complexes

Cellular processes are regulated by interactions between biological molecules such as proteins, metabolites, and nucleic acids. While the investigation of protein-protein interactions (PPI) is no novelty, experimental approaches aiming to characterize endogenous protein-metabolite interactions (PMI) constitute a rather recent development. Herein, we present a protocol that allows simultaneous characterization of the PPI and PMI of a protein of choice, referred to as bait. Our protocol was optimized for Arabidopsis cell cultures and combines affinity purification (AP) with mass spectrometry (MS)-based protein and metabolite detection. In short, transgenic Arabidopsis lines, expressing bait protein fused to an affinity tag, are first lysed to obtain a native cellular extract. Anti-tag antibodies are used to pull down protein and metabolite partners of the bait protein. The affinity-purified complexes are extracted using a one-step methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)/methanol/water method. Whilst metabolites separate into either the polar or the hydrophobic phase, proteins can be found in the pellet. Both metabolites and proteins are then analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS or UPLC-MS/MS). Empty-vector (EV) control lines are used to exclude false positives. The major advantage of our protocol is that it enables identification of protein and metabolite partners of a target protein in parallel in near-physiological conditions (cellular lysate). The presented method is straightforward, fast, and can be easily adapted to biological systems other than plant cell cultures.

Protein-protein and protein-metabolite interactions are crucial for all cellular functions. Herein, we describe a protocol that allows parallel analysis of these interactions with a protein of choice. Our protocol was optimized for plant cell cultures and combines affinity purification with mass spectrometry-based protein and metabolite detection.

2 の 1: タンパク質・ タンパク質代謝物の複合体の並列解析のための親和性の浄化をワンステップ

Cellular processes are regulated by interactions between biological molecules such as proteins, metabolites, and nucleic acids. While the investigation of ...

In Vitro Reconstitution of Self-Organizing Protein Patterns on Supported Lipid Bilayers

Many aspects of the fundamental spatiotemporal organization of cells are governed by reaction-diffusion type systems. In vitro reconstitution of such systems allows for detailed studies of their underlying mechanisms which would not be feasible in vivo. Here, we provide a protocol for the in vitro reconstitution of the MinCDE system of Escherichia coli, which positions the cell division septum in the cell middle. The assay is designed to supply only the components necessary for self-organization, namely a membrane, the two proteins MinD and MinE and energy in the form of ATP. We therefore fabricate an open reaction chamber on a coverslip, on which a supported lipid bilayer is formed. The open design of the chamber allows for optimal preparation of the lipid bilayer and controlled manipulation of the bulk content. The two proteins, MinD and MinE, as well as ATP, are then added into the bulk volume above the membrane. Imaging is possible by many optical microscopies, as the design supports confocal, wide-field and TIRF microscopy alike. In a variation of the protocol, the lipid bilayer is formed on a patterned support, on cell-shaped PDMS microstructures, instead of glass. Lowering the bulk solution to the rim of these compartments encloses the reaction in a smaller compartment and provides boundaries that allow mimicking of in vivo oscillatory behavior. Taken together, we describe protocols to reconstitute the MinCDE system both with and without spatial confinement, allowing researchers to precisely control all aspects influencing pattern formation, such as concentration ranges and addition of other factors or proteins, and to systematically increase system complexity in a relatively simple experimental setup.

In Vitro Reconstitution of Self-Organizing Protein Patterns on Supported Lipid Bilayers

We provide a protocol for in vitro self-organization assays of MinD and MinE on a supported lipid bilayer in an open chamber. Additionally, we describe how to enclose the assay in lipid-clad PDMS microcompartments to mimic in vivo conditions by reaction confinement.

体外自己組織化人工脂質膜上のタンパク質パターンの再構成

Many aspects of the fundamental spatiotemporal organization of cells are governed by reaction-diffusion type systems. In vitro reconstitution of such ...

Anaerobic Protein Purification and Kinetic Analysis via Oxygen Electrode for Studying DesB Dioxygenase Activity and Inhibition

Oxygen-sensitive proteins, including those enzymes which utilize oxygen as a substrate, can have reduced stability when purified using traditional aerobic purification methods. This manuscript illustrates the technical details involved in the anaerobic purification process, including the preparation of buffers and reagents, the methods for column chromatography in a glove box, and the desalting of the protein prior to kinetics. Also described are the methods for preparing and using an oxygen electrode to perform kinetic characterization of an oxygen-utilizing enzyme. These methods are illustrated using the dioxygenase enzyme DesB, a gallate dioxygenase from the bacterium Sphingobium sp. strain SYK-6.

Here we present a protocol for anaerobic protein purification, anaerobic protein concentration, and subsequent kinetic characterization using an oxygen electrode system. The method is illustrated using the enzyme DesB, a dioxygenase enzyme which is more stable and active when purified and stored in an anaerobic environment.

嫌気性蛋白質の浄化および DesB ジオキシゲナーゼ活性と抑制の勉強用酸素電極による速度論的解析

Oxygen-sensitive proteins, including those enzymes which utilize oxygen as a substrate, can have reduced stability when purified using traditional aerobic ...

Expression, Purification, Crystallization, and Enzyme Assays of Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase Domain-Containing Proteins

Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) domain-containing proteins (FAHD) are identified members of the FAH superfamily in eukaryotes. Enzymes of this superfamily generally display multi-functionality, involving mainly hydrolase and decarboxylase mechanisms. This article presents a series of consecutive methods for the expression and purification of FAHD proteins, mainly FAHD protein 1 (FAHD1) orthologues among species (human, mouse, nematodes, plants, etc.). Covered methods are protein expression in E. coli, affinity chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, preparative and analytical gel filtration, crystallization, X-ray diffraction, and photometric assays. Concentrated protein of high levels of purity (&#62;98%) may be employed for crystallization or antibody production. Proteins of similar or lower quality may be employed in enzyme assays or used as antigens in detection systems (Western-Blot, ELISA). In the discussion of this work, the identified enzymatic mechanisms of FAHD1 are outlined to describe its hydrolase and decarboxylase bi-functionality in more detail.

Expression and purification of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain-containing proteins is described with examples (expression in E. coli, FPLC). Purified proteins are used for crystallization and antibody production and employed for enzyme assays. Selected photometric assays are presented to display the multi-functionality of FAHD1 as oxaloacetate decarboxylase and acylpyruvate hydrolase.

フマリアルセトーアセテートヒドロラーゼドメイン含有タンパク質の発現、精製、結晶化、酵素アッセイ

Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) domain-containing proteins (FAHD) are identified members of the FAH superfamily in eukaryotes. Enzymes of this ...

Ganglioside Extraction, Purification and Profiling

Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids that contain one or more sialic acid residues. They are found on all vertebrate cells and tissues but are especially abundant in the brain. Expressed primarily on the outer leaflet of the plasma membranes of cells, they modulate the activities of cell surface proteins via lateral association, act as receptors in cell-cell interactions and are targets for pathogens and toxins. Genetic dysregulation of ganglioside biosynthesis in humans results in severe congenital nervous system disorders. Because of their amphipathic nature, extraction, purification, and analysis of gangliosides require techniques that have been optimized by many investigators in the 80 years since their discovery. Here, we describe bench-level methods for the extraction, purification, and preliminary qualitative and quantitative analyses of major gangliosides from tissues and cells that can be completed in a few hours. We also describe methods for larger scale isolation and purification of major ganglioside species from brain. Together, these methods provide analytical and preparative scale access to this class of bioactive molecules.

Gangliosides are sialic acid-bearing glycosphingolipids that are particularly abundant in the brain. Their amphipathic nature requires organic/aqueous extraction and purification techniques to ensure optimal recovery and accurate analyses. This article provides overviews of analytic and preparative scale ganglioside extraction, purification, and thin layer chromatography analysis.

ガングリオシドの抽出、精製、プロファイリング

Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids that contain one or more sialic acid residues. They are found on all vertebrate cells and tissues but are especially ...

Isolation of Active Caenorhabditis elegans Nuclear Extract and Reconstitution for In Vitro Transcription

Caenorhabditis elegans has been an important model system for biological research since it was introduced in 1963. However, C. elegans has not been fully utilized in the biochemical study of biological reactions using its nuclear extracts such as in vitro transcription and DNA replication. A significant hurdle for using C. elegans in biochemical studies is disrupting the nematode&#39;s thick outer cuticle without sacrificing the activity of the nuclear extract. While several methods are used to break the cuticle, such as Dounce homogenization or sonication, they often lead to protein instability. There are no established protocols for isolating active nuclear proteins from larva or adult C. elegans for in vitro reactions. Here, the protocol describes in detail the homogenization of larval stage 4 C. elegans using a Balch homogenizer. The Balch homogenizer uses pressure to slowly force the animals through a narrow gap breaking the cuticle in the process. The uniform design and precise machining of the Balch homogenizer allow for consistent grinding of animals between experiments. Fractionating the homogenate obtained from the Balch homogenizer yields functionally active nuclear extract that can be used in an in vitro method for assaying transcription activity of C. elegans.

Isolation of Active Caenorhabditis elegans Nuclear Extract and Reconstitution for In Vitro Transcription

Here, we describe a detailed protocol for isolating active nuclear extract from larval stage 4 C. elegans and visualizing transcription activity in an in vitro system.

能動 カエノハブディティス・エレガンス 核抽出物の分離と インビトロ 転写のための再構成

Caenorhabditis elegans has been an important model system for biological research since it was introduced in 1963. However, C. elegans has not been fully ...

Reconstitution of Msp1 Extraction Activity with Fully Purified Components

As the center for oxidative phosphorylation and apoptotic regulation, mitochondria play a vital role in human health. Proper mitochondrial function depends on a robust quality control system to maintain protein homeostasis (proteostasis). Declines in mitochondrial proteostasis have been linked to cancer, aging, neurodegeneration, and many other diseases. Msp1 is a AAA+ ATPase anchored in the outer mitochondrial membrane that maintains proteostasis by removing mislocalized tail-anchored proteins. Using purified components reconstituted into proteoliposomes, we have shown that Msp1 is necessary and sufficient to extract a model tail-anchored protein from a lipid bilayer. Our simplified reconstituted system overcomes several of the technical barriers that have hindered detailed study of membrane protein extraction. Here, we provide detailed methods for the generation of liposomes, membrane protein reconstitution, and the Msp1 extraction assay.

Here, we present a detailed protocol for reconstitution of Msp1 extraction activity with fully purified components in defined proteoliposomes.

完全精製成分を用いたMsp1抽出活性の再構成

As the center for oxidative phosphorylation and apoptotic regulation, mitochondria play a vital role in human health. Proper mitochondrial function ...

Purification of Endogenous Drosophila Transient Receptor Potential Channels

Drosophila phototransduction is one of the fastest known G protein-coupled signaling pathways. To ensure the specificity and efficiency of this cascade, the calcium (Ca2+)-permeable cation channel, transient receptor potential (TRP), binds tightly to the scaffold protein, inactivation-no-after-potential D (INAD), and forms a large signaling protein complex with eye-specific protein kinase C (ePKC) and phospholipase C&#946;/No receptor potential A (PLC&#946;/NORPA). However, the biochemical properties of the Drosophila TRP channel remain unclear. Based on the assembling mechanism of INAD protein complex, a modified affinity purification plus competition strategy was developed to purify the endogenous TRP channel. First, the purified histidine (His)-tagged NORPA 863-1095 fragment was bound to Ni-beads and used as bait to pull down the endogenous INAD protein complex from Drosophila head homogenates. Then, excessive purified glutathione S-transferase (GST)-tagged TRP 1261-1275 fragment was added to the Ni-beads to compete with the TRP channel. Finally, the TRP channel in the supernatant was separated from the excessive TRP 1261-1275 peptide by size-exclusion chromatography. This method makes it possible to study the gating mechanism of the Drosophila TRP channel from both biochemical and structural angles. The electrophysiology properties of purified Drosophila TRP channels can also be measured in the future.

Purification of Endogenous Drosophila Transient Receptor Potential Channels

Based on the assembling mechanism of the INAD protein complex, in this protocol, a modified affinity purification plus competition strategy was developed to purify the endogenous Drosophila TRP channel.

内因性 ショウジョウバエ 一過性受容器電位チャネルの精製

Drosophila phototransduction is one of the fastest known G protein-coupled signaling pathways. To ensure the specificity and efficiency of this cascade, ...

精製と TRPV1 の分光学的解析のための再構成

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

S100A12の発現、精製および抗菌活性

高効率巻き戻しと受容体リガンド結合領域の浄化法

2 の 1: タンパク質・タンパク質代謝物の複合体の並列解析のための親和性の浄化をワンステップ

体外自己組織化人工脂質膜上のタンパク質パターンの再構成

嫌気性蛋白質の浄化および DesB ジオキシゲナーゼ活性と抑制の勉強用酸素電極による速度論的解析

フマリアルセトーアセテートヒドロラーゼドメイン含有タンパク質の発現、精製、結晶化、酵素アッセイ

ガングリオシドの抽出、精製、プロファイリング

能動カエノハブディティス・エレガンス核抽出物の分離とインビトロ転写のための再構成

完全精製成分を用いたMsp1抽出活性の再構成

内因性ショウジョウバエ一過性受容器電位チャネルの精製

精製と TRPV1 の分光学的解析のための再構成

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

S100A12の発現、精製および抗菌活性

高効率巻き戻しと受容体リガンド結合領域の浄化法

2 の 1: タンパク質・ タンパク質代謝物の複合体の並列解析のための親和性の浄化をワンステップ

体外自己組織化人工脂質膜上のタンパク質パターンの再構成

嫌気性蛋白質の浄化および DesB ジオキシゲナーゼ活性と抑制の勉強用酸素電極による速度論的解析

フマリアルセトーアセテートヒドロラーゼドメイン含有タンパク質の発現、精製、結晶化、酵素アッセイ

ガングリオシドの抽出、精製、プロファイリング

能動 カエノハブディティス・エレガンス 核抽出物の分離と インビトロ 転写のための再構成

完全精製成分を用いたMsp1抽出活性の再構成

内因性 ショウジョウバエ 一過性受容器電位チャネルの精製

2 の 1: タンパク質・タンパク質代謝物の複合体の並列解析のための親和性の浄化をワンステップ

能動カエノハブディティス・エレガンス核抽出物の分離とインビトロ転写のための再構成

内因性ショウジョウバエ一過性受容器電位チャネルの精製