Name: live cell imaging of primary rat neonatal cardiomyocytes following adenoviral and lentiviral transduction using confocal spinning disk microscopy
Uploaded: 2014-06-24T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 13 min 36 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Live Cell Imaging of Primary Rat Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Following Adenoviral and Lentiviral Transduction Using Confocal Spinning Disk Microscopy at JoVE.com

We would like to thank Dr. Alengo Nyamay'antu and Dr. Ilse Timmerman for their advices about lentiviral packaging. This work is supported by an American Heart Association Scientist Development Grant 10SDG4170137.

<ol>
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The authors have nothing to disclose.

新生児ラットから単離された初代心筋細胞は、長いin vitroで心筋細胞の機能を研究するために使用されてきた。このプロトコルは、第4℃でトリプシンO / Nで消化し、次いで精製されたコラゲナーゼ、二段階の酵素消化法を用いて、仔ラットから新生児の心筋細胞を単離するための方法が記載されている。精製されたコラゲナーゼ工程を用いる利点の一つは、酵素の同じグレードの全て?...

初代ラット新生児の心筋細胞は、長い試験管 1 に心筋細胞の機能を調べるために用いられてきた。彼らはいくつかのよく確立された方法2-4でラットの子から隔離するのは簡単です。最も一般的な方法は、従来の細胞分離に対する心臓の結合組織を消化するコラゲナーゼまたはトリプシンを採用しています。研究者はまた、大人のげっ歯類5-8だけでなく、新生仔マウス9,10から心筋細胞を単離する方法を開発した。 このプロトコルは、2段階の酵素消化手順を用いて、新生仔ラットから心筋細胞を単離するための方法を記載している。トリプシンは最初に、4℃でO / Nを使用し、次いで、37℃で、精製されたコラゲナーゼ4℃でのトリプシンのO / Nと心臓組織のインキュベーションは、温かい酵素液2シーケンシャルインキュベーションを用いる方法に比べて収穫細胞に必要な手順を軽減します。加えて、精製されたCOを使用して、むしろ粗酵素よりllagenase、ロット間変動は、このように強化された再現性を提供し、排除することができる。 特定のタンパク質の機能的研究は、多くの場合、アデノウイルス11-13および/ ​​または14-16レンチウイルスを用いたタンパク質発現系を使用する。 [注意事項]ウイルス産生および操作は、NIHガイドラインに従って実施されるべきである。 アデノウイルスは、宿主ゲノムに組み込まれない。これは、分裂細胞​​および非分裂細胞を含めたほとんどの細胞型、ならびに初代細胞および樹立細胞株における形質導入の非常に高い効率を有する。これは、アデノウイルスの遺伝子発現のための信頼性のベクトルになります。アデノウイルスベクターによってコードされるタンパク質の高レベルの形質導入後48時間以内に発症し、それらは数週間続く ​​ことができる17。しかし、タンパク質発現のためのアデノウイルスを使用して1つの欠点は、組換えADEの開発novirusは複雑で時間がかかるの両方です。多くの研究者は組換え遺伝子発現のためのレンチウイルスに目を向けてきたのはこの欠点は、部分的に説明しています。アデノウイルス構築とは異なり、レンチウイルスコンストラクトを生成することは、迅速かつ簡単です。レンチウイルスは、一般に、アデノウイルス形質導入のより低い効率を有するが、分裂および非分裂細胞の両方において、それらは、宿主ゲノムに組み込まない。その結果、形質導入された遺伝子の発現は、アデノウイルス、レンチウイルスに対するよりも、より安定である。 による顕微鏡の分野における技術の進歩のために、組換えタンパク質を発現する細胞の生細胞画像を取り込むことがはるかに簡単である。これは、さらに、取得ビデオレート速度で成り立つ。これは研究者は、目的のタンパク質の特定の改変は、機能的に、リアルタイムで細胞に影響を与える方法を決定することができます。共焦点回転ディスク顕微鏡は、LIVのための最適な手法にするいくつかの重要な機能を持っているEセルイメージング18,19。同時に、点走査型共焦点顕微鏡よりもはるかに少ないレーザーパワーを利用して横河スピニングディスクは、はるかに迅速な画像取得を可能にする。これらの特別な機能の両方は、レーザがサンプルに同時に通過する多数の孔を含有する共焦点スピニングディスク、によるものである。収集中に、ディスク自体は、迅速かつ継続的に18〜20を回転させる。顕微鏡のオートフォーカスシステムを使用することにより、安定したフォーカスが長期間にわたって維持される。これは研究者が十分に焦点を当てた生細胞の画像を撮影することができます。取得した画像を動画ファイルとして再生されます。画像は、ImageJの21,22、フィジー23、又は他の市販のソフトウェアなどの画像解析ソフトウェアを用いて分析する。

<table><tbody><tr><td>1 Scissors for decapitation</td><td>WPI</td><td>501749</td><td>Autoclave before use</td></tr><tr><td>1 Fine scissors for heart isolation and chopping</td><td>WPI</td><td>14393</td><td>Autoclave before use</td></tr><tr><td>2 Fine forceps (Dumont No. 5)</td><td>Sigma</td><td>F6521</td><td>Autoclave before use</td></tr><tr><td>3 Sterilized 10 cm plastic dishes</td><td>Sigma</td><td>CLS430165</td><td>For heart isolation</td></tr><tr><td>3.5 cm Glass bottom culture dishes</td><td>MatTek</td><td>P35G-1.5-20-C</td><td>For final plating of cardiomyocytes for future live cell imaging. Micro-Dishes from ibidi are an acceptable alternative.</td></tr><tr><td>3.5 cm Glass bottom culture dishes</td><td>MatTek</td><td>P35G-0.17-14-C</td><td>For TIRF or high resolution image</td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol solution, 70% (v/v) in water</td><td>Sigma</td><td>E7148</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2% Gelatin</td><td>Sigma</td><td>G1393</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1 Sterilized 10 cm plastic dish</td><td>Sigma</td><td>CLS430165</td><td>For trypsinization</td></tr><tr><td>Aluminium foil</td><td>Any brand</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Parafilm</td><td>Sigma</td><td>P7543</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Two 10 cm plastic cell culture dish</td><td>Sigma</td><td>CLS430165</td><td>For selection</td></tr><tr><td>Autopipette</td><td>Drummond Scientific</td><td>4-000-300</td><td>For trituration</td></tr><tr><td>Cell counter</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cellometer, automated cell counter</td><td>nexcelom</td><td></td><td>To check and count cells</td></tr><tr><td>Microscope and hematocytometer</td><td>Any brand</td><td></td><td>To check and count cells</td></tr><tr><td>Trypan blue solution, 0.4%</td><td>invitrogen</td><td>15250-061</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; incubator</td><td>Sanyo</td><td>MCO-19AIC</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Incubating orbital shaker</td><td>Sigma</td><td>Z673129</td><td>To shake heart tissue with collagenase at 37 &amp;deg;C at 170-200 rpm</td></tr><tr><td>10 mg/ml BrdU solution</td><td>BD Pharmingen</td><td>550891</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DMEM, high glucose</td><td>invitrogen</td><td>41965039</td><td>Mix medium as indicated in the protocol and warm before use</td></tr><tr><td>MEM</td><td>invitrogen</td><td>31095029</td><td>Mix medium as indicated in the protocol and warm before use</td></tr><tr><td>Fetal bovine serum</td><td>invitrogen</td><td>26140079</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin-streptomycin (10,000 U/ml)&amp;nbsp;</td><td>invitrogen</td><td>15140-122</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Section 2 Lentiviral transduction</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3 Packaging plasmids</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>pMDLg/pRRE</td><td>Addgene</td><td>12251</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>pRSV-Rev</td><td>Addgene</td><td>12253</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>pMD2.G</td><td>Addgene</td><td>12259</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>The lentiviral transfer vector, pLVX-IRES-Puro</td><td>Clontech</td><td>632183</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Opti-MEM (serum-free medium)</td><td>invitrogen</td><td>31985070</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Transfection reagent</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>polyethyleneimine&amp;ldquo;Max&amp;rdquo;, (MW 40,000) - High Potency Linear PEI (Equivalent to Mw 25,000 in Free Base Form)&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Polysciences</td><td>24765-2</td><td>It can be substituted with X-tremeGENE 9 from Roche</td></tr><tr><td>X-tremeGENE 9</td><td>Roche</td><td>6365779001</td><td>substitute for PEI as transfection reagent</td></tr><tr><td>Chloroquine</td><td>Sigma</td><td>C6628</td><td>Dissolve in water and make 100 mM stock solution. Inhibition of endosomal acidification can be achieved with 10-100 &amp;mu;M Chloroquine.</td></tr><tr><td>HEPES</td><td>Sigma</td><td>H3375</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10 ml Luer-Lok syringe, sterilized</td><td>BD</td><td>309604</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.45 &amp;mu;m filters</td><td>Sigma</td><td>F8677</td><td>Use only cellulose acetate or polyethersulfone (PES) (low protein binding) filters. Do not use nitrocellulose filters. Nitrocellulose binds surface proteins on the lentiviral envelope and destroys the virus.</td></tr><tr><td>Hexadimethrine bromide</td><td>Sigma</td><td>H9268</td><td>Dissolve in water and make 8 mg/ml stock solution, then filter it to sterilize.</td></tr><tr><td>Polyethylene glycol 6,000</td><td>Sigma</td><td>81260</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium chloride</td><td>Sigma</td><td>S9888</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium hydroxide</td><td>Sigma</td><td>S5881</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Section 3 Adenoviral transduction</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HEK 293T cells</td><td>ATCC</td><td>CRL-11268</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Some 10 cm cell culture dishes</td><td>Sigma</td><td>CLS430165</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>96-Well microplate with lid, flat-bottom, tissue culture, sterile</td><td>BD Falcon</td><td>353072</td><td>For titration</td></tr><tr><td>Multichannel pipette, 10-100 &amp;mu;l, 8-channel</td><td>eppendorf</td><td>3122 000.035</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Section 4 Live cell imaging</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spinning disk confocal microspopy</td><td>PerkinElmer</td><td>L7267000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>A temperature-controlled chamber</td><td>Any brand</td><td></td><td>To keep temperature at 37 &amp;deg;C</td></tr><tr><td>A CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; environmental system</td><td>Any brand</td><td></td><td>Optional to maintain CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentration optimal</td></tr><tr><td>CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Independent medium, no glutamine</td><td>invitrogen</td><td>18045-054&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;</td><td>For long time time-lapse imaging</td></tr><tr><td>DMEM, high glucose, HEPES, no phenol red</td><td>invitrogen</td><td>21063-029</td><td>For long time time-lapse imaging</td></tr></tbody></table>

live cell imaging of primary rat neonatal cardiomyocytes following adenoviral and lentiviral transduction using confocal spinning disk microscopy

彼らは簡単に単一のプロシージャで大量に単離することができるので、初代ラット新生児心筋細胞では、基本的なin vitroでの心血管系の研究に有用です。原因顕微鏡技術の進歩には、細胞への毒性に関する最小限の懸念をリアルタイムに細胞事象を調査する目的で生細胞の画像をキャプチャすることは比較的容易である。このプロトコルは、細胞の性質を調節するためのレンチウイルスおよびアデノウイルス形質導入後の共焦点回転ディスク顕微鏡を用いて、初代ラット新生児心筋細胞の生細胞タイムラプス画像を撮影する方法を説明します。ウイルスは二つの異なるタイプのアプリケーションは、簡単に2つの異なる遺伝子のための適切な伝達率および発現レベルを達成することができる。ウェル集束生細胞画像が長期間にわたって安定したフォーカスを維持し、顕微鏡のオートフォーカスシステムを用いて得ることができる。この方法は、外因的にエンジニアの機能を適用すること初代培養細胞において発現編タンパク質は分析することができる。さらに、このシステムは、siRNAの使用を介して、並びに化学モジュレーターの遺伝子の機能を調べるために使用することができる。

技術は、レンチウイルスをコードするEGFP（強化緑色蛍光タンパク質）タグ化Cx43の（コネキシン43）又は細胞におけるEGFP-タグ融合タンパク質を発現するために使用された変異したCx43 32、およびアデノウイルスをコードFGFR1DN（線維芽細胞増殖因子受容体1ドミナントネガティブを説明するために）セル33-35においてFGFシグナリングをシャットダウンするために使用した。心筋細?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Live Cell Imaging of Primary Rat Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Following Adenoviral and Lentiviral Transduction Using Confocal Spinning Disk Microscopy at JoVE.com

Live Cell Imaging of Primary Rat Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Following Adenoviral and Lentiviral Transduction Using Confocal Spinning Disk Microscopy

This protocol describes a method of live cell imaging using primary rat neonatal cardiomyocytes following lentiviral and adenoviral transduction using confocal spinning disk microscopy. This enables detailed observations of cellular processes in living cardiomyocytes.

ディスク顕微鏡スピニング共焦点の使い方アデノウイルスやレンチウイルス形質導入後の初代ラット新生児心筋細胞の生細胞イメージング

Primary rat neonatal cardiomyocytes are useful in basic in vitro cardiovascular research because they can be easily isolated in large numbers in a single ...

live-cell-imaging-primary-rat-neonatal-cardiomyocytes-following

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

13.5K ビュー.  Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and Institute of Cell Biology. This protocol describes a method of live cell imaging using primary rat neonatal cardiomyocytes following lentiviral and adenoviral transduction using confocal spinning disk microscopy. This enables detailed observations of cellular processes in living cardiomyocytes.

ビデオ: Live Cell Imaging of Primary Rat Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Following Adenoviral and Lentiviral Transduction Using Confocal Spinning Disk Microscopy

Isolation and Cryopreservation of Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes

Cell culture has become increasingly important in cardiac research, but due to the limited proliferation of cardiomyocytes, culturing cardiomyocytes is difficult and time consuming. The most commonly used cells are neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs), which require isolation every time cells are needed. The birth of the rats can be unpredictable. Cryopreservation is proposed to allow for cells to be stored until needed, yet freezing/thawing methods for primary cardiomyocytes are challenging due to the sensitivity of the cells. Using the proper cryoprotectant, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), cryopreservation was achieved. By slowly extracting the DMSO while thawing the cells, cultures were obtained with viable NRCMs. NRCM phenotype was verified using immunocytochemistry staining for &#945;-sarcomeric actinin. In addition, cells also showed spontaneous contraction after several days in culture. Cell viability after thawing was acceptable at 40-60%. In spite of this, the methods outlined allow one to easily cryopreserve and thaw NRCMs. This gives researchers a greater amount of flexibility in planning experiments as well as reducing the use of animals.

The isolation of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes is a time consuming and unpredictable procedure. This study describes methods for cryopreservation and thawing of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes that allows for more efficient use of cells. The thawed NRCMs can be used for various experiments without the need for performing isolations each time.

新生児ラット心筋細胞の単離と凍結保存

Cell culture has become increasingly important in cardiac research, but due to the limited proliferation of cardiomyocytes, culturing cardiomyocytes is ...

発生生物学

Visualization of Cell Cycle Variations and Determination of Nucleation in Postnatal Cardiomyocytes

Cardiomyocytes are prone to variations of the cell cycle, such as endoreduplication (continuing rounds of DNA synthesis without karyokinesis and cytokinesis) and acytokinetic mitosis (karyokinesis but no cytokinesis). Such atypical cell cycle variations result in polyploid and multinucleated cells rather than in cell division. Therefore, to determine cardiac turnover and regeneration, it is of crucial importance to correctly identify cardiomyocyte nuclei, the number of nuclei per cell, and their cell cycle status. This is especially true for the use of nuclear markers for identifying cell cycle activity, such as thymidine analogues Ki-67, PCNA, or pHH3. Here, we present methods for recognizing cardiomyocytes and their nuclearity and for determining their cell cycle activity. We use two published transgenic systems: the Myh6-H2B-mCh transgenic mouse line, for the unequivocal identification of cardiomyocyte nuclei, and the CAG-eGFP-anillin mouse line, for distinguishing cell division from cell cycle variations. Combined together, these two systems ease the study of cardiac regeneration and plasticity.

To distinguish cell division from cell cycle variations in cardiomyocytes, we present protocols using two transgenic mouse lines: Myh6-H2B-mCh transgenic mice, for the unequivocal identification of cardiomyocyte nuclei, and CAG-eGFP-anillin mice, for distinguishing cell division from cell cycle variations.

生後心筋細胞における細胞周期変化の可視化と核の決意

Cardiomyocytes are prone to variations of the cell cycle, such as endoreduplication (continuing rounds of DNA synthesis without karyokinesis and ...

Ex vivo Live Imaging of Single Cell Divisions in Mouse Neuroepithelium

We developed a system that integrates live imaging of fluorescent markers and culturing slices of embryonic mouse neuroepithelium. We took advantage of existing mouse lines for genetic cell lineage tracing: a tamoxifen-inducible Cre line and a Cre reporter line expressing dsRed upon Cre-mediated recombination. By using a relatively low level of tamoxifen, we were able to induce recombination in a small number of cells, permitting us to follow individual cell divisions. Additionally, we observed the transcriptional response to Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling using an Olig2-eGFP transgenic line 1-3 and we monitored formation of cilia by infecting the cultured slice with virus expressing the cilia marker, Sstr3-GFP 4. In order to image the neuroepithelium, we harvested embryos at E8.5, isolated the neural tube, mounted the neural slice in proper culturing conditions into the imaging chamber and performed time-lapse confocal imaging. Our ex vivo live imaging method enables us to trace single cell divisions to assess the relative timing of primary cilia formation and Shh response in a physiologically relevant manner. This method can be easily adapted using distinct fluorescent markers and provides the field the tools with which to monitor cell behavior in situ and in real time.

Ex vivo Live Imaging of Single Cell Divisions in Mouse Neuroepithelium

Here we develop the tools necessary for ex vivo live imaging to trace single cell divisions in the mouse E8.5 neuroepithelium

ex vivoでマウス神経上皮における単一細胞分裂のライブイメージング

We developed a system that integrates live imaging of fluorescent markers and culturing slices of embryonic mouse neuroepithelium. We took advantage of ...

神経科学

Isolation and Genetic Manipulation of Adult Cardiac Myocytes for Confocal Imaging

Cardiac myocytes isolated from adult hearts are widely accepted as a model somewhere half way between embryonic and neonatal muscle cells on one side and a working heart on the other. Thus, cardiomyocytes serve as good models for cardiac cellular physiology and pathophysiology, for pharmaceutical investigations as well as for the exploration of transgenic animal models. Here we describe a method of isolating the cells from the heart. Furthermore we show how a genetic manipulation on cardiac myocytes can be performed without breeding a transgenic animal: This is the combination of long term culture (1 week) and adenoviral gene transfer. The latter one is described from the construction of the virus to the transduction of the cells. It can be used for the expression of genetically encoded biosensors (GEBs), fluorescent fusion proteins, but also for protein over expression and down regulation, e.g. using RNAi. Here we provide an example for the expression of a fusion protein staining a subcellular structure (Golgi). Such protein expression can be visualized by confocal imaging of z-stacks for a 3D-reconstruction of subcellular structures. The protocol comprises state-of-the-art in cell culture, molecular biology and biophysics and thus provides an approach for exploring new horizons in cellular cardiology.

Adult cardiac myocytes are primary cells that can be isolated from animal hearts and cultured for several days. Within this culture period adenoviral gene transfer can be used to express genetically encoded biosensors (GEBs) or fluorescent fusion proteins. Both approaches allow cellular investigations by means of confocal microscopy.

共焦点イメージングのための成人心筋細胞の単離と遺伝子操作

Cardiac myocytes isolated from adult hearts are widely accepted as a model somewhere half way between embryonic and neonatal muscle cells on one side and ...

生物学

Ultrasound-guided Transthoracic Intramyocardial Injection in Mice

Murine models of cardiovascular disease are important for investigating pathophysiological mechanisms and exploring potential regenerative therapies. Experiments involving myocardial injection are currently performed by direct surgical access through a thoracotomy. While convenient when performed at the time of another experimental manipulation such as coronary artery ligation, the need for an invasive procedure for intramyocardial delivery limits potential experimental designs. With ever improving ultrasound resolution and advanced noninvasive imaging modalities, it is now feasible to routinely perform ultrasound-guided, percutaneous intramyocardial injection. This modality efficiently and reliably delivers agents to a targeted region of myocardium. Advantages of this technique include the avoidance of surgical morbidity, the facility to target regions of myocardium selectively under ultrasound guidance, and the opportunity to deliver injectate to the myocardium at multiple, predetermined time intervals. With practiced technique, complications from intramyocardial injection are rare, and mice quickly return to normal activity on recovery from anesthetic. Following the steps outlined in this protocol, the operator with basic echocardiography experience can quickly become competent in this versatile, minimally invasive technique.

Echocardiography-guided percutaneous intramyocardial injection represents an efficient, reliable, and targetable modality for the delivery of gene transfer agents or cells into the murine heart. Following the steps outlined in this protocol, the operator can quickly become competent in this versatile, minimally invasive technique.

マウスにおける超音波ガイド下経胸壁心筋内注射

Murine models of cardiovascular disease are important for investigating pathophysiological mechanisms and exploring potential regenerative therapies. ...

医学

Isolation and Culture of Neonatal Mouse Cardiomyocytes

Cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes have long been used to study myofibrillogenesis and myofibrillar functions. Cultured cardiomyocytes allow for easy investigation and manipulation of biochemical pathways, and their effect on the biomechanical properties of spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes.	
The following 2-day protocol describes the isolation and culture of neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes. We show how to easily dissect hearts from neonates, dissociate the cardiac tissue and enrich cardiomyocytes from the cardiac cell-population. We discuss the usage of different enzyme mixes for cell-dissociation, and their effects on cell-viability. The isolated cardiomyocytes can be subsequently used for a variety of morphological, electrophysiological, biochemical, cell-biological or biomechanical assays. We optimized the protocol for robustness and reproducibility, by using only commercially available solutions and enzyme mixes that show little lot-to-lot variability. We also address common problems associated with the isolation and culture of cardiomyocytes, and offer a variety of options for the optimization of isolation and culture conditions.

Primary mouse cardiomyocyte cultures are one of the pivotal tools for the investigation of myofibrillar organization and function. The following protocol describes the isolation and culture of primary cardiomyocytes from neonatal mouse hearts. The resulting cardiomyocyte cultures may be subsequently used for a variety of biomechanical, biochemical and cell-biological assays.

新生仔マウス心筋細胞の単離および培養

Cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes have long been used to study  myofibrillogenesis and myofibrillar functions. Cultured cardiomyocytes allow  for easy ...

組織損傷を軽減するための新しい低侵襲スローインジェクション法

A Novel Cell Injection Method with Minimum Invasion

Directly injecting cells into tissues is a necessary process in cell administration and/or replacement therapy. The cell injection requires a sufficient amount of suspension solution to allow the cells to enter the tissue. The volume of the suspension solution affects the tissue, and this can cause major invasive injury as a result of the cell injection. This paper reports on a novel cell injection method, called slow injection, that aims to avoid this injury. However, pushing out the cells from the needle tip requires a sufficiently high injection speed according to Newton's law of shear force. To solve the above contradiction, a non-Newtonian fluid, such as gelatin solution, was used as the cell suspension solution in this work. Gelatins solution have temperature sensitivity, as their form changes from gel to sol at approximately 20 &#176;C. Therefore, to maintain the cell suspension solution in the gel form, the syringe was kept cooled in this protocol; however, once the solution was injected into the body, the body temperature converted it to a sol. The interstitial tissue fluid flow can absorb excess solution. In this work, the slow injection technique allowed cardiomyocyte balls to enter the host myocardium and engraft without surrounding fibrosis. This study employed a slow injection method to inject purified and ball-formed neonatal rat cardiomyocytes into a remote area of myocardial infarction in the adult rat heart. At 2 months following the injection, the hearts of the transplanted groups showed significantly improved contractile function. Furthermore, histological analyses of the slow-injected hearts revealed seamless connections between the host and graft cardiomyocytes via intercalated disks containing gap junction connections. This method could contribute to next-generation cell therapies, particularly in cardiac regenerative medicine.

著者スポットライト:最小限の侵襲で新しい細胞注入法  

This method eliminates any major invasion during cell injections caused by the cell suspension solution.

浸潤の少ない新規細胞注入法

Directly injecting cells into tissues is a necessary process in cell administration and/or replacement therapy. The cell injection requires a sufficient ...

生物工学

Time-Lapse Imaging of Neuronal Arborization using Sparse Adeno-Associated Virus Labeling of Genetically Targeted Retinal Cell Populations

Discovering mechanisms that pattern dendritic arbors requires methods to visualize, image, and analyze dendrites during development. The mouse retina is a powerful model system for the investigation of cell type-specific mechanisms of neuronal morphogenesis and connectivity. The organization and composition of retinal subtypes are well-defined, and genetic tools are available to access specific types during development. Many retinal cell types also constrain their dendrites and/or axons to narrow layers, which facilitates time-lapse imaging. Mouse retina explant cultures are well suited for live-cell imaging using confocal or multiphoton microscopy, but methods optimized for imaging dendrite dynamics with temporal and structural resolution are lacking. Presented here is a method to sparsely label and image the development of specific retinal populations marked by the Cre-Lox system. Commercially available adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) used here expressed membrane-targeted fluorescent proteins in a Cre-dependent manner. Intraocular delivery of AAVs in neonatal mice produces fluorescent labeling of targeted cell types by 4-5 days post-injection (dpi). The membrane fluorescent signals are detectable by confocal imaging and resolve fine branch structures and dynamics. High-quality videos spanning 2-4 h are acquired from imaging retinal flat-mounts perfused with oxygenated artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). Also provided is an image postprocessing pipeline for deconvolution and three-dimensional (3D) drift correction. This protocol can be used to capture several cellular behaviors in the intact retina and to identify novel factors controlling neurite morphogenesis. Many developmental strategies learned in the retina will be relevant for understanding the formation of neural circuits elsewhere in the central nervous system.

Here, we present a method for investigating neurite morphogenesis in postnatal mouse retinal explants by time-lapse confocal microscopy. We describe an approach for sparse labeling and acquisition of retinal cell types and their fine processes using recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors that express membrane-targeted fluorescent proteins in a Cre-dependent manner.

遺伝子標的網膜細胞集団のスパースアデノ随伴ウイルス標識を用いた神経樹木化のタイムラプスイメージング

Discovering mechanisms that pattern dendritic arbors requires methods to visualize, image, and analyze dendrites during development. The mouse retina is a ...

ディスク顕微鏡スピニング共焦点の使い方アデノウイルスやレンチウイルス形質導入後の初代ラット新生児心筋細胞の生細胞イメージング

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新生児ラット心筋細胞の単離と凍結保存

生後心筋細胞における細胞周期変化の可視化と核の決意

ex vivoでマウス神経上皮における単一細胞分裂のライブイメージング

共焦点イメージングのための成人心筋細胞の単離と遺伝子操作

マウスにおける超音波ガイド下経胸壁心筋内注射

新生仔マウス心筋細胞の単離および培養

浸潤の少ない新規細胞注入法

浸潤の少ない新規細胞注入法

浸潤の少ない新規細胞注入法

遺伝子標的網膜細胞集団のスパースアデノ随伴ウイルス標識を用いた神経樹木化のタイムラプスイメージング