The authors have nothing to disclose.

biomems: forging new collaborations between biologists and engineers

このビデオでは、文化の中枢神経系（CNS）のニューロンへのマイクロ流体デバイスの製作と使用方法について説明します。このデバイスは、生きた細胞の光学顕微鏡（DICや位相コントラスト）だけでなく、共焦点および二光子顕微鏡のアプローチと互換性があります。このメソッドは、流体分離とミニチュアマルチコンパートメントの細胞培養を作成するために精密成形ポリマーの部品を使用しています。コンパートメントは、よく制御された流体微小環境における培養神経細胞に十分な大きさの寸法の小さなチャネルで作られています。ニューロンは、それらを固定し、免疫細胞化学のために染色することができる後に、デバイス内で2-3週間培養することができる。軸索とソマリ族の区画は、小さな静水圧の差を利用して互いに流体的に隔離さを維持することができ、この機能は、各培地交換後20時間までのために一区画に可溶性の侮辱をローカライズするために使用することができます。流体の分離は、PCRによって純粋な軸索の画分の収集と生化学的解析が可能になります。マイクロ流体デバイスは、神経科学研究のための適応性の高いプラットフォームを提供し、モデリングの中枢神経系の損傷や神経変性のアプリケーションを見つけることができます。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about BioMEMS: Forging New Collaborations Between Biologists and Engineers at JoVE.com

BioMEMS: Forging New Collaborations Between Biologists and Engineers

バイオMEMS：生物学者とエンジニアの間の新しいコラボレーションを鍛造

This video describes the fabrication and use of a microfluidic device to culture central nervous system (CNS) neurons.  This device is compatible with ...

biomems-forging-new-collaborations-between-biologists-and-engineers

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

8.0K ビュー.  University of California, Irvine (UCI). 

ビデオ: BioMEMS: Forging New Collaborations Between Biologists and Engineers

BioMEMS and Cellular Biology: Perspectives and Applications

The ability to culture cells has revolutionized hypothesis testing in basic cell and molecular biology research. It has become a standard methodology in drug screening, toxicology, and clinical assays, and is increasingly used in regenerative medicine. However, the traditional cell culture methodology   essentially consisting of the immersion of a large population of cells in a homogeneous fluid medium and on a homogeneous flat substrate   has become increasingly limiting both from a fundamental and practical perspective. Microfabrication technologies have enabled researchers to design, with micrometer control, the biochemical composition and topology of the substrate, and the medium composition, as well as the neighboring cell type in the surrounding cellular microenvironment. Additionally, microtechnology is conceptually well-suited for the development of fast, low-cost in vitro systems that allow for high-throughput culturing and analysis of cells under large numbers of conditions. In this interview, Albert Folch explains these limitations, how they can be overcome with soft lithography and microfluidics, and describes some relevant examples of research in his lab and future directions.

バイオMEMSと細胞生物学：展望と応用

The ability to culture cells has revolutionized hypothesis testing in basic cell and molecular biology research. It has become a standard methodology in ...

生物学

Using Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) to Develop Diagnostic Tools

Using Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems MEMS to Develop Diagnostic Tools

診断ツールを開発するマイクロエレクト​​ロメカニカルシステム（MEMS）の使用

Micro-scale Engineering for Cell Biology

細胞生物学のためのマイクロスケールのエンジニアリング

Bridging the Bio-Electronic Interface with Biofabrication

Advancements in lab-on-a-chip technology promise to revolutionize both research and medicine through lower costs, better sensitivity, portability, and higher throughput. The incorporation of biological components onto biological microelectromechanical systems (bioMEMS) has shown great potential for achieving these goals. Microfabricated electronic chips allow for micrometer-scale features as well as an electrical connection for sensing and actuation. Functional biological components give the system the capacity for specific detection of analytes, enzymatic functions, and whole-cell capabilities. Standard microfabrication processes and bio-analytical techniques have been successfully utilized for decades in the computer and biological industries, respectively. Their combination and interfacing in a lab-on-a-chip environment, however, brings forth new challenges. There is a call for techniques that can build an interface between the electrode and biological component that is mild and is easy to fabricate and pattern.
Biofabrication, described here, is one such approach that has shown great promise for its easy-to-assemble incorporation of biological components with versatility in the on-chip functions that are enabled. Biofabrication uses biological materials and biological mechanisms (self-assembly, enzymatic assembly) for bottom-up hierarchical assembly. While our labs have demonstrated these concepts in many formats 1,2,3, here we demonstrate the assembly process based on electrodeposition followed by multiple applications of signal-based interactions. The assembly process consists of the electrodeposition of biocompatible stimuli-responsive polymer films on electrodes and their subsequent functionalization with biological components such as DNA, enzymes, or live cells 4,5. Electrodeposition takes advantage of the pH gradient created at the surface of a biased electrode from the electrolysis of water 6,7,. Chitosan and alginate are stimuli-responsive biological polymers that can be triggered to self-assemble into hydrogel films in response to imposed electrical signals 8. The thickness of these hydrogels is determined by the extent to which the pH gradient extends from the electrode. This can be modified using varying current densities and deposition times 6,7. This protocol will describe how chitosan films are deposited and functionalized by covalently attaching biological components to the abundant primary amine groups present on the film through either enzymatic or electrochemical methods 9,10. Alginate films and their entrapment of live cells will also be addressed 11. Finally, the utility of biofabrication is demonstrated through examples of signal-based interaction, including chemical-to-electrical, cell-to-cell, and also enzyme-to-cell signal transmission. 
Both the electrodeposition and functionalization can be performed under near-physiological conditions without the need for reagents and thus spare labile biological components from harsh conditions. Additionally, both chitosan and alginate have long been used for biologically-relevant purposes 12,13. Overall, biofabrication, a rapid technique that can be simply performed on a benchtop, can be used for creating micron scale patterns of functional biological components on electrodes and can be used for a variety of lab-on-a-chip applications.

This article describes a biofabrication approach: deposition of stimuli-responsive polysaccharides in the presence of biased electrodes to create biocompatible films which can be functionalized with cells or proteins. We demonstrate a bench-top strategy for the generation of the films as well as their basic uses for creating interactive biofunctionalized surfaces for lab-on-a-chip applications.

Biofabricationとバイオエレクトロニック·インタフェースをブリッジする

Advancements in lab-on-a-chip technology promise to revolutionize both research and medicine through lower costs, better sensitivity, portability, and ...

生物工学

Designing a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami

Nucleic acids are astonishingly versatile. In addition to their natural role as storage medium for biological information1, they can be utilized in parallel computing2,3 , recognize and bind molecular or cellular targets4,5 , catalyze chemical reactions6,7 , and generate calculated responses in a biological system8,9. Importantly, nucleic acids can be programmed to self-assemble into 2D and 3D structures10-12, enabling the integration of all these remarkable features in a single robot linking the sensing of biological cues to a preset response in order to exert a desired effect.
Creating shapes from nucleic acids was first proposed by Seeman13, and several variations on this theme have since been realized using various techniques11,12,14,15 . However, the most significant is perhaps the one proposed by Rothemund, termed scaffolded DNA origami16. In this technique, the folding of a long (&gt;7,000 bases) single-stranded DNA 'scaffold' is directed to a desired shape by hundreds of short complementary strands termed 'staples'. Folding is carried out by temperature annealing ramp. This technique was successfully demonstrated in the creation of a diverse array of 2D shapes with remarkable precision and robustness. DNA origami was later extended to 3D as well17,18 .
 
The current paper will focus on the caDNAno 2.0 software19 developed by Douglas and colleagues. caDNAno is a robust, user-friendly CAD tool enabling the design of 2D and 3D DNA origami shapes with versatile features. The design process relies on a systematic and accurate abstraction scheme for DNA structures, making it relatively straightforward and efficient.
In this paper we demonstrate the design of a DNA origami nanorobot that has been recently described20. This robot is 'robotic' in the sense that it links sensing to actuation, in order to perform a task. We explain how various sensing schemes can be integrated into the structure, and how this can be relayed to a desired effect. Finally we use Cando21 to simulate the mechanical properties of the designed shape. The concept we discuss can be adapted to multiple tasks and settings.

DNA origami is a powerful method for fabricating precise nanoscale objects by programming the self-assembly of DNA molecules. Here, we describe how DNA origami can be utilized to design a robotic robot capable of sensing biological cues and responding by shape shifting, subsequently relayed to a desired effect.

DNA折り紙からバイオ応答ロボットの設計

Nucleic acids are astonishingly versatile. In addition to their natural role as storage medium for biological information1, they can be utilized in ...

Automated Robotic Liquid Handling Assembly of Modular DNA Devices

Recent advances in modular DNA assembly techniques have enabled synthetic biologists to test significantly more of the available &#34;design space&#34; represented by &#34;devices&#34; created as combinations of individual genetic components. However, manual assembly of such large numbers of devices is time-intensive, error-prone, and costly. The increasing sophistication and scale of synthetic biology research necessitates an efficient, reproducible way to accommodate large-scale, complex, and high throughput device construction.
Here, a DNA assembly protocol using the Type-IIS restriction endonuclease based Modular Cloning (MoClo) technique is automated on two liquid-handling robotic platforms. Automated liquid-handling robots require careful, often times tedious optimization of pipetting parameters for liquids of different viscosities (e.g. enzymes, DNA, water, buffers), as well as explicit programming to ensure correct aspiration and dispensing of DNA parts and reagents. This makes manual script writing for complex assemblies just as problematic as manual DNA assembly, and necessitates a software tool that can automate script generation. To this end, we have developed a web-based software tool, http://mocloassembly.com, for generating combinatorial DNA device libraries from basic DNA parts uploaded as Genbank files. We provide access to the tool, and an export file from our liquid handler software which includes optimized liquid classes, labware parameters, and deck layout. All DNA parts used are available through Addgene, and their digital maps can be accessed via the Boston University BDC ICE Registry. Together, these elements provide a foundation for other organizations to automate modular cloning experiments and similar protocols.
The automated DNA assembly workflow presented here enables the repeatable, automated, high-throughput production of DNA devices, and reduces the risk of human error arising from repetitive manual pipetting. Sequencing data show the automated DNA assembly reactions generated from this workflow are ~95% correct and require as little as 4% as much hands-on time, compared to manual reaction preparation.

Here, an automated workflow to perform modular DNA &#34;device&#34; assembly using a modular cloning DNA assembly method on liquid-handling robots is presented. The protocol uses an intuitive software tool for generating liquid handler picklists for combinatorial DNA device library generation, which we demonstrate using two liquid handling platforms.

モジュラー DNA デバイスの液体ハンドリング アセンブリを自動化

Recent advances in modular DNA assembly techniques have enabled synthetic biologists to test significantly more of the available &#34;design space&#34; ...

Using Synthetic Biology to Engineer Living Cells That Interface with Programmable Materials

We have developed an abiotic-biotic interface that allows engineered cells to control the material properties of a functionalized surface. This system is made by creating two modules: a synthetically engineered strain of E. coli cells and a functionalized material interface. Within this paper, we detail a protocol for genetically engineering selected behaviors within a strain of E. coli using molecular cloning strategies. Once developed, this strain produces elevated levels of biotin when exposed to a chemical inducer. Additionally, we detail protocols for creating two different functionalized surfaces, each of which is able to respond to cell-synthesized biotin. Taken together, we present a methodology for creating a linked, abiotic-biotic system that allows engineered cells to control material composition and assembly on nonliving substrates.

This paper presents a series of protocols for developing engineered cells and functionalized surfaces that enable synthetically engineered E. coli to control and manipulate programmable material surfaces.

プログラム可能な材料とのインタフェースリビング細胞を操作するために合成生物学を使用して、

We have developed an abiotic-biotic interface that allows engineered cells to control the material properties of a functionalized surface. This system is ...

Establishing an Octopus Ecosystem for Biomedical and Bioengineering Research

Many developments in biomedical research have been inspired by discovering anatomical and cellular mechanisms that support specific functions in different species. The octopus is one of these exceptional animals that has given scientists new insights into the fields of neuroscience, robotics, regenerative medicine, and prosthetics. Research with this species of cephalopods requires the set-up of complex facilities and intensive care for both the octopus and its ecosystem that is critical for the project&#39;s success. This system requires multiple mechanical and biological filtering systems to provide a safe and clean environment for the animal. Along with the control system, specialized routine maintenance and cleaning are required to effectively keep the facility operating long term. It is advised to provide an enriched environment to these intelligent animals by changing the tank&#39;s landscape, incorporating a variety of prey, and introducing challenging tasks for them to work through. Our results include MRI and a whole-body autofluorescence imaging as well as behavioral studies to better understand their nervous system. Octopuses possess unique physiology that can impact many areas of biomedical research. Providing them with a sustainable ecosystem is the first crucial step in uncovering their distinct capabilities.

Understanding the unique physiological and anatomical structures of octopuses can greatly impact biomedical research. This guide demonstrates how to set-up and maintain a marine environment to accommodate this species and includes state-of-the-art imaging and analytical approaches to visualize octopus' nervous system anatomy and function.

生物医学・バイオエンジニアリング研究のためのタコ生態系の確立

Many developments in biomedical research have been inspired by discovering anatomical and cellular mechanisms that support specific functions in different ...

Overview of BioMEM Devices

Bio-microelectromechanical systems, also called BioMEMs, are microscale devices that enable the use of small sample and reagent volumes for diagnostic devices in vivo and in vitro. These devices perform various functions such as filtration, sensing, or synthesis on the microscale, enabling cost savings and improved sensitivity.
This video introduces BioMEMs, touches on their use in the bioengineering field, and presents some prominent methods used in fabrication. Additionally, this video discusses some key challenges associated with miniaturization of devices, as well as some applications of the technology.

Bio-microelectromechanical Devices and Methods of Synthesis

BioMEM デバイスの概要

Bio-microelectromechanical systems, also called BioMEMs, are microscale devices that enable the use of small sample and reagent volumes for diagnostic ...

Education

JoVE Science Education

工学

Overview of Bioprocess Engineering

Bioprocessing is a method that uses living organisms to produce a desired target product. Often, bioprocessing refers to the use of bioreactors to produce protein products from genetically engineered organisms. This field is responsible for the large-scale manufacture of biotherapeutics; drugs that have become essential to improving the quality of life for many with complex diseases like cancer, autoimmune diseases and HIV/AIDS.
This video will introduce the engineering approach to designing a targeted protein-production system. The prominent methods in the field, as well as some key challenges, and applications of the technology are also considered.

Upstream and Downstream Bioprocess Engineering

バイオ プロセス工学の概要

Bioprocessing is a method that uses living organisms to produce a desired target product. Often, bioprocessing refers to the use of bioreactors to produce ...

バイオMEMS：生物学者とエンジニアの間の新しいコラボレーションを鍛造

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

バイオMEMSと細胞生物学：展望と応用

診断ツールを開発するマイクロエレクトロメカニカルシステム（MEMS）の使用

細胞生物学のためのマイクロスケールのエンジニアリング

Biofabricationとバイオエレクトロニック·インタフェースをブリッジする

DNA折り紙からバイオ応答ロボットの設計

モジュラー DNA デバイスの液体ハンドリングアセンブリを自動化

プログラム可能な材料とのインタフェースリビング細胞を操作するために合成生物学を使用して、

生物医学・バイオエンジニアリング研究のためのタコ生態系の確立

BioMEM デバイスの概要

バイオプロセス工学の概要

バイオMEMS：生物学者とエンジニアの間の新しいコラボレーションを鍛造

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

バイオMEMSと細胞生物学：展望と応用

診断ツールを開発するマイクロエレクト​​ロメカニカルシステム（MEMS）の使用

細胞生物学のためのマイクロスケールのエンジニアリング

Biofabricationとバイオエレクトロニック·インタフェースをブリッジする

DNA折り紙からバイオ応答ロボットの設計

モジュラー DNA デバイスの液体ハンドリング アセンブリを自動化

プログラム可能な材料とのインタフェースリビング細胞を操作するために合成生物学を使用して、

生物医学・バイオエンジニアリング研究のためのタコ生態系の確立

BioMEM デバイスの概要

バイオ プロセス工学の概要

診断ツールを開発するマイクロエレクトロメカニカルシステム（MEMS）の使用

モジュラー DNA デバイスの液体ハンドリングアセンブリを自動化

バイオプロセス工学の概要