Name: technique to induce post-traumatic seizures in a mouse model via a weight drop traumatic injury
Uploaded: 2025-03-31T15:00:50.000+00:00
Duration: 1 min 12 s
Description: Source: Shandra, O. et al., Inducing Post-Traumatic Epilepsy in a Mouse Model of Repetitive Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury. J. Vis. Exp. ...

technique to induce post-traumatic seizures in a mouse model via a weight drop traumatic injury

Technique to Induce Post-Traumatic Seizures in a Mouse Model via a Weight Drop Traumatic Injury

After confirming a lack of response to pain reflex, place the mouse onto a foam pad, and position the head of the mouse under the weight drop tube. Place a flat, 1.3-centimeter-diameter, 1-millimeter-thick, 880-milligram weight stainless steel disk in the center of the animal&#39;s head, between the eyes and the ears. Remove the pin in the weight drop tube to release the 100-gram weight rod from a height of 50 centimeters.

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Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

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All procedures involving animal models have been reviewed by the local institutional animal care committee and the JoVE veterinary review board.&#160;&#160;
1. Weight drop procedure
<ol>
	<li>Place the mouse in an induction chamber. Set the flow of oxygen and vacuum to 1 L/min and the level of isoflurane gas to 3%&#8722;5%. Anesthetize the mouse for 5 min.</li>
	<li>Remove the mouse from the induction chamber and place it on a foam pad. Test for the absence of a response to a toe or tail pinch.</li>
	<li>Administer an analgesic (0.1 mg/kg buprenorphine) subcutaneously. If the electroencephalography (EEG) surgery is performed that same day, administer the buprenorphine subcutaneously in combination with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory carprofen (5 mg/kg).</li>
	<li>Administer the sodium lactate solution (3 &#181;L per gram of the animal&#39;s weight) subcutaneously before or after the last impact. The sodium lactate solution can be mixed with the analgesics for quick administration in a single injection. 
	NOTE: The sodium lactate solution contains a mixture of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and sodium lactate in water. This step helps to replace fluids and electrolytes, aiding recovery.</li>
	<li>Position the head of the mouse under the weight drop tube (Figure 1A) and place a flat stainless steel disc (1.3 cm diameter, 1 mm thick, and 880 mg weight) in the center of the head, between the line of the eyes and ears. 
	NOTE: This disc diffuses the impact across the surface of the skull (Figure 1B).</li>
	<li>Remove the pin in the weight drop tube to release the 100 g weight rod from a height of 50 cm. To induce the sham injury for the control mice, remove the weight rod from the tube to prevent accidental release of the pin and weight drop. 
	NOTE: The animal&#39;s head must be positioned flat, so that the rod free-falls on the entire surface of the disc.</li>
	<li>Place the unconscious animal on its back for recovery on a heating pad covered with a sterile polylined absorbent towel. The righting reflex recovery time (i.e., the time it takes the mouse to right itself from its back) can be measured as a readout for the time spent unconscious.</li>
</ol>

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprenorphine</td>
			<td>Par Pharmaceuticals, Cos. Inc., Spring Valley, NY, USA</td>
			<td>60969</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C57BL/6 mice</td>
			<td>Harlan/Envigo Laboratories Inc</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>male, 12-16 weeks old</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C57BL/6 mice</td>
			<td>The Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>male, 12-16 weeks old</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carprofen</td>
			<td>Zoetis Services LLC, Parsippany, NJ, USA</td>
			<td>26357</td>
			<td>NOTE: this drug is added during weight drop only if stereotactic electrode implantation will be performed on the same day</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluriso liquid for inhalation anesthesia</td>
			<td>MWI Veterinary Supply Co., USA</td>
			<td>502017</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stainless steel disc</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Custom made</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile poly-lined absorbent towels pads</td>
			<td>Cardinal Health, USA</td>
			<td>3520</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

Source: Shandra, O. et al., <a href="https://appjove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/v/60360">Inducing Post-Traumatic Epilepsy in a Mouse Model of Repetitive Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2020)

<img alt="Figure 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/23218/23218_Figure1.jpg" /> 
Figure 1: The mouse model of repetitive diffuse traumatic brain injury (TBI). (A) Weight drop device. (a1) Weight drop tube. (a2) A 100 g weight rod. (a3) Pin holding the rod. (a4) String to raise the rod up if changing the height or removing the rod from the weight drop tube. (a5). Foam pad for ...

Source: Shandra, O. et al., Inducing Post-Traumatic Epilepsy in a Mouse Model of Repetitive Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury. J. Vis. Exp. ...

Begin with an anesthetized mouse and place it on a foam pad with a cavity to immobilize the mouse.
Next, place a stainless-steel disc on its head between the eyes and ears.
Then, position the mouse&#39;s head under the weight drop device, consisting of a tube with a weight rod secured by a pin.
Remove the pin, allowing the weight rod to fall freely onto the disc. The disc evenly distributes the mechanical force across the brain.
This mechanical force disrupts the brain tissue, inducing neuronal damage and resulting in widespread traumatic brain injury.
The injured neurons release excessive glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter.
Glutamate binds to its receptors on postsynaptic neurons, opening ion channels.
This allows the influx of calcium and sodium ions into neurons, causing neuronal hyperexcitability.
This hyperexcitability of neurons results in abnormal brain activities known as seizures.

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Video: Technique to Induce Post-Traumatic Seizures in a Mouse Model via a Weight Drop Traumatic Injury - Experiment

Assessing Dominant-Submissive Behavior in Adult Rats Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Competition over resources such as food, territory, and mates significantly influences relationships within animal species and is mediated through social hierarchies that are often based on dominant-submissive relationships. The dominant-submissive relationship is a normal behavioral pattern among the individuals of a species. Traumatic brain injury is a frequent cause of social interaction impairment and the reorganization of dominant-submissive relationships in animal pairs. This protocol describes submissive behavior in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats after the induction of traumatic brain injury using a fluid-percussion model compared to naive rats through a series of dominant-submissive tests performed between 29 days and 33 days after induction. The dominant-submissive behavior test shows how brain injury can induce submissive behavior in animals competing for food. After traumatic brain injury, the rodents were more submissive, as indicated by them spending less time at the feeder and being less likely to arrive first at the trough compared to the control animals. According to this protocol, submissive behavior develops after traumatic brain injury in adult male rats.

The present protocol describes a rat model of fluid percussion-induced traumatic brain injury followed by a series of behavioral tests to understand the development of dominant and submissive behavior. Using this model of traumatic brain injury in conjunction with specific behavioral tests enables the study of social impairments following brain injury.

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Athletes absorb several hundred mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI)/concussions every year; however, the consequence of these on the brain is poorly understood. Therefore, an animal model of single and repetitive mTBI that consistently replicates clinically relevant symptoms provides the means to advance the study of mTBI and concussion.

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The Centers for Disease Control and Injury Prevention estimate that almost 2 million people sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) every year in the United States. In fact, TBI is a contributing factor to over a third of all injury-related mortality. Nonetheless, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of TBI are poorly understood. Thus, preclinical models of TBI capable of replicating the injury mechanisms pertinent to TBI in human patients are a critical research need. The controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI utilizes a mechanical device to directly impact the exposed cortex. While no model can full recapitulate the disparate injury patterns and heterogeneous nature of TBI in human patients, CCI is capable of inducing a wide range of clinically applicable TBI. Furthermore, CCI is easily standardized allowing investigators to compare results across experiments as well as across investigative groups. The following protocol is a detailed description of applying a severe CCI with a commercially available impacting device in a murine model of TBI.

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Technique to Induce Post-Traumatic Seizures in a Mouse Model via a Weight Drop Traumatic Injury

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Technique to Induce Post-Traumatic Seizures in a Mouse Model via a Weight Drop Traumatic Injury