Questo progetto è stato sostenuto da NIH concede DA19112 (DGW) e DA026994 (OCM). Illustrazione è stato fornito da Katherine Louderback. Gli esperimenti sono stati eseguiti nel laboratorio Murine Vanderbilt neurocomportamentali.

1. Scrivi programma da eseguire sessioni di test operante con vari stimoli visivi e uditivi come rinforzo <ol><li> Per il rapporto fisso (FR) sessioni: rendere le sessioni di un&#39;ora in lunghezza con luce casa e ventilatore acceso durante la sessione. Per le sessioni rapporto progressivo, rendono le sessioni di due ore di lunghezza. Hanno entrambe le leve prorogato per la durata della sessione e contrappeso che è designato leva &quot;attiva&quot; contro &quot;inattivi&quot; tra animali (assegnazione leva mai per ogni animale modifiche). </li><li> Codice del programma in modo tale che ogni rinforzo varia in base ai seguenti parametri: <ul><li> ogni rinforzo ha una delle seguenti durate scelti a caso: 2, 4, 6 o 8 sec. </li><li> ogni rinforzo ha uno dei tassi di stimolo seguenti lampada flash scelto a caso: 0,625, 1,25, 2,5 o 5 Hz, ognuno con un duty cycle del 50%. </li><li> ogni stimolo lampada flash in modo casuale a sinistra oa destra della camera. </li><li> fornire uno stimolo uditivo per tutta la durata del rinforzo; nel nostro laboratorio, abbiamo innescare una pompa per infusione, che garantisce un suono di circa 3 dB il rumore di fondo nella camera. </li></ul></li><li> Codice del programma per visualizzare i seguenti valori in tempo reale: 1. Numero di pressioni della leva attivo, 2. Numero di pressioni della leva inattivi, 3. Numero di rinforzi, 4. Tempo (in incrementi di 0,1 secondi). </li></ol> 2. Trattare gli animali (3 procedura di giorno) <ol><li> Dopo acclimatazione alla struttura animale, iniziare occupano degli animali. Questo abituare gli animali ad essere raccolto e trasportato. </li><li> Inizio mettendo le mani guantate nella gabbia e lasciandoli riposare per 90 sec. Se ogni mouse non ha indagato le mani in quel momento, muovere le mani verso il mouse e attendere ciascuno di annusare e / o contattare le mani prima di procedere. </li><li> Con attenzione raccogliere ogni mouse uno per uno dalla base della coda e metterla sulla vostra mano, alzando rapidamente e riportarla verso il basso per consentire il mouse per camminare fuori della tua mano nella gabbia. </li><li> Ripetere per ogni momento del mouse 5-10, a seconda del comportamento del mouse. Il tempo finale è fatto questo, tenere alto il mouse (con in piedi sulla vostra mano) per un periodo di tempo, a seconda del giorno. Giorno 1: 5 sec, 2 ° giorno: 10 sec, 3 ° giorno: 15 sec. Garantire che ogni mouse soddisfa questo criterio per la giornata. Il giorno 1, cambiare i guanti tra gabbie. </li><li> A partire dal 2 ° giorno, il colpo dorso dell&#39;animale, mentre il mouse è sulla vostra mano. Anche il 2 ° giorno, cominciare peso gli animali ogni giorno. Segna coda ogni animale con un pennarello per indicare il numero soggetto. </li><li> Se iniezioni sarà dato durante l&#39;esperimento, i topi cominciano abituare alle iniezioni nel Day 2. Questo dovrebbe essere fatto dopo che tutti i topi in gabbia sono state manipolate e soddisfaceva il criterio per la giornata. </li></ol> 3. Pulire e verificare attrezzature <ol><li> Lavare tegame fondo con acqua calda. </li><li> Pulire le pareti della camera operante e pavimenti con il 30% di etanolo. </li><li> Eseguire un programma di test che si accende la luce casa, ventilatore, e le luci stimolo, si estende leve, e registra presse a leva. </li><li> Assicurarsi che tutte le luci e ventilatori funzionino correttamente e testare il programma per garantire che tutte le macchine a leva sono registrati. </li><li> Leve pulito con il 30% di etanolo. </li></ol> 4. Eseguire sessione operante (sessioni dovrebbero essere 5-6 giorni / settimana alla stessa ora del giorno) <ol><li> Pesare ogni mouse. </li><li> Caricare il programma in ogni camera e annotare l&#39;esperimento in modo appropriato. La leva attivo dovrebbe essere controbilanciato tra animali (ad esempio, la leva attivo è assegnato alla levetta sinistra per la metà dei topi, la leva destra è attivo per l&#39;altra metà), ma il lato leva attivo non cambia mai una volta che il mouse di un mouse è stato assegnato. </li><li> Trasporto ogni mouse alla sua sezione designata, chiudere la camera, e avviare la sessione. </li><li> Dopo la sessione termina, rimuovere immediatamente il mouse e ri-segnare la coda. </li><li> Camere pulite come descritto nella Sezione 3. </li><li> Analizzare i dati per numero di presse a leva attivi e inattivi. Numero di rinforzi e / o l&#39;accuratezza leva (presse a leva% attivo) può anche essere segnalato. Se i topi stanno per essere testati per l&#39;effetto di un trattamento su OSS, in modo che tutti i topi da testare hanno incontrato i criteri di acquisizione (ad esempio,&gt; 20 presse a leva attiva e&gt; 65% presse a leva attiva per ultime tre sessioni di FR-1 ) prima dell&#39;inizio del trattamento. </li><li> Dopo l&#39;acquisizione della FR-1 risponde, il programma di rinforzo può essere modificato (per esempio, un più alto rapporto fisso, rapporto progressivo, rapporto casuale, ecc.) </li></ol> 5. Rappresentante Risultati Un esempio di acquisizione da parte di sesso maschile OSS topi C57BL/6J è illustrato nella figura 1 (riprodotto da 23). Topi di controllo sottoposti a condizioni identiche, tranne che preme la leva su entrambi leva non ha avuto conseguenzesequenza. Un&#39;altra coorte di topi è mostrato nella Figura 2. In questo esperimento, un gruppo di topi hanno ricevuto rinforzi OSS, mentre un altro gruppo ha ricevuto rinforzi cibo. Abbiamo scoperto che in condizioni di accesso ad libitum a cibo, sia rapporto fisso e progressivo rispondere sono simili tra OSS e la risposta per il 10% Assicurare (Figura 2, A e B). Questo permette un confronto efficace di una manipolazione su due diversi tipi di rinforzo (sensoriale e alimentare) che evita confonde potenziale risultante dallo stato di fame o le differenze nel tasso di risposta. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2292/2292fig1.jpg" alt="Figura 1" /> Figura 1:. Presse a leva da topi OSS e OSS controlli topi hanno ricevuto vari stimoli visivi e uditivi successivo attiva la leva stampa (FR-1 programma di rinforzo), mentre preme la leva inattivo avuto alcuna conseguenza. Topi di controllo ha subito le stesse condizioni ma non ci fu alcuna conseguenza o di premere la leva (leve sono denotate 1 e 2 e si contrappongono tra gli animali nello stesso modo che le leve attivi ed inattivi sono controbilanciati per i topi OSS). Leva attiva premendo dai topi OSS è stata aumentata rispetto alla leva inattivo premendo (* p &lt;0,05, ** p &lt;0,01) e non armato leva premendo da controlli (n = 7 8, $ p &lt;0,05, $ $ p &lt;0,01 ). Figura riprodotto da 23. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2292/2292fig2.jpg" alt="Figura 2" /> Figura 2:. Presse a leva da topi OSS e topi rispondere per il cibo A.) I topi hanno risposto su una FR-1 programma di rinforzo per stimoli OSS o rinforzo alimentare (10% Assicurare). Tutti i topi avevano accesso ad libidum al cibo per tutta la durata degli esperimenti. B.) Dopo FR-1 sessioni, i topi sono stati avanzati a un rapporto progressivo (PR) programma di rinforzo per cinque giorni. Dati rappresentano il mezzo di valori da quattro giorni e cinque per ogni animale. 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Nessun conflitto di interessi dichiarati.

Sensazione operante ricerca è una valida alternativa alla droga per via endovenosa di auto-somministrazione quando il mouse è l&#39;animale di scelta. Il fatto che né interventi chirurgici né manutenzione catetere è necessario è vantaggioso, in quanto questi sono significativi ostacoli tecnici nel topo. OSS è anche interessante perché si può misurare aspetti di rinforzo distinto da altri rinforzi naturali come il cibo. E &#39;utile notare che le misure comportamentali nel topo può ...

<table><tbody><tr><td>Drug self-administration test package for mouse: extra-wide chamber and retractable levers</td><td><a href="http://www.med-associates.com/" target="_blank"><img src="/img/new_window.png" /> Med Associates, Inc.</a></td><td>MED-307W-CT-D1</td><td>Levers are ultra-sensitive (require ~2 grams force) and are mounted 2.2 cm above the floor. Yellow stimulus lamps are mounted 2 cm above each lever.</td></tr><tr><td>Interface and software package</td><td><a href="http://www.med-associates.com/" target="_blank"><img src="/img/new_window.png" /> Med Associates, Inc.</a></td><td>MED-SYST-16</td><td>This is the package for up to 16 chambers.</td></tr></tbody></table>

operant sensation seeking in the mouse

Operant methods are powerful behavioral tools for the study of motivated behavior. These 'self-administration' methods have been used extensively in drug addiction research due to their high construct validity. Operant studies provide researchers a tool for preclinical investigation of several aspects of the addiction process. For example, mechanisms of acute reinforcement (both drug and non-drug) can be tested using pharmacological or genetic tools to determine the ability of a molecular target to influence self-administration behavior1-6. Additionally, drug or food seeking behaviors can be studied in the absence of the primary reinforcer, and the ability of pharmacological compounds to disrupt this process is a preclinical model for discovery of molecular targets and compounds that may be useful for the treatment of addiction3,7-9. One problem with performing intravenous drug self-administration studies in the mouse is the technical difficulty of maintaining catheter patency. Attrition rates in these experiments are high and can reach 40% or higher10-15. Another general problem with drug self-administration is discerning which pharmacologically-induced effects of the reinforcer produce specific behaviors. For example, measurement of the reinforcing and neurological effects of psychostimulants can be confounded by their psychomotor effects. Operant methods using food reinforcement can avoid these pitfalls, although their utility in studying drug addiction is limited by the fact that some manipulations that alter drug self-administration have a minimal impact on food self-administration. For example, mesolimbic dopamine lesion or knockout of the D1 dopamine receptor reduce cocaine self-administration without having a significant impact on food self-administration 12,16. 
Sensory stimuli have been described for their ability to support operant responding as primary reinforcers (i.e. not conditioned reinforcers)17-22. Auditory and visual stimuli are self-administered by several species18,21,23, although surprisingly little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying this reinforcement. The operant sensation seeking (OSS) model is a robust model for obtaining sensory self-administration in the mouse, allowing the study of neural mechanisms important in sensory reinforcement24. An additional advantage of OSS is the ability to screen mutant mice for differences in operant behavior that may be relevant to addiction. We have reported that dopamine D1 receptor knockout mice, previously shown to be deficient in psychostimulant self-administration, also fail to acquire OSS24. This is a unique finding in that these mice are capable of learning an operant task when food is used as a reinforcer. While operant studies using food reinforcement can be useful in the study of general motivated behavior and the mechanisms underlying food reinforcement, as mentioned above, these studies are limited in their application to studying molecular mechanisms of drug addiction. Thus, there may be similar neural substrates mediating sensory and psychostimulant reinforcement that are distinct from food reinforcement, which would make OSS a particularly attractive model for the study of drug addiction processes. The degree of overlap between other molecular targets of OSS and drug reinforcers is unclear, but is a topic that we are currently pursuing. While some aspects of addiction such as resistance to extinction may be observed with OSS, we have found that escalation 25 is not observed in this model24. Interestingly, escalation of intake and some other aspects of addiction are observed with self-administration of sucrose26. Thus, when non-drug operant procedures are desired to study addiction-related processes, food or sensory reinforcers can be chosen to best fit the particular question being asked. 
In conclusion, both food self-administration and OSS in the mouse have the advantage of not requiring an intravenous catheter, which allows a higher throughput means to study the effects of pharmacological or genetic manipulation of neural targets involved in motivation. While operant testing using food as a reinforcer is particularly useful in the study of the regulation of food intake, OSS is particularly apt for studying reinforcement mechanisms of sensory stimuli and may have broad applicability to novelty seeking and addiction.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Operant Sensation Seeking in the Mouse at JoVE.com

Operant Sensation Seeking in the Mouse

In questo protocollo si descrive un metodo di apprendimento operante mediante stimoli sensoriali come rinforzo nel topo. Non richiede alcuna formazione precedente o restrizione alimentare, e permette lo studio del comportamento motivato, senza l&#39;utilizzo di un rinforzo farmacologiche o naturali come il cibo.

Sensation operante in Cerco il mouse

Operant methods are powerful behavioral tools for the study of motivated behavior.  These 'self-administration' methods have been used extensively in drug ...

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

12.9K Views.  Vanderbilt University Medical Center. In questo protocollo si descrive un metodo di apprendimento operante mediante stimoli sensoriali come rinforzo nel topo. Non richiede alcuna formazione precedente o restrizione alimentare, e permette lo studio del comportamento motivato, senza l'utilizzo di un rinforzo farmacologiche o naturali come il cibo.

Video: Operant Sensation Seeking in the Mouse

Quantifying Social Motivation in Mice Using Operant Conditioning

In this protocol, social motivation is measured in mice through a pair of operant conditioning paradigms. To conduct the experiments, two-chambered shuttle boxes were equipped with two operant levers (left and right) and a food receptacle in one chamber, which was then divided from the second chamber by an automated guillotine door covered by a wire grid. Different stimulus mice, rotated across testing days, served as a social stimulus behind the wire grid, and were only visible following the opening of the guillotine door. Test mice were trained to lever press in order to open the door and gain access to the stimulus partner for 15 sec. The number of lever presses required to obtain the social reward progressively increased on a fixed schedule of 3. Testing sessions ended after test mice stopped lever pressing for 5 consecutive minutes. The last reinforced ratio or breakpoint can be used as a quantitative measure of social motivation. For the second paradigm, test mice were trained to discriminate between left and right lever presses in order to obtain either a food reward or the social reward. Mice were rewarded for every 3 presses of each respective lever. The number of food and social rewards can be compared as a measurement of the value placed upon each reward. The ratio of each reward type can also be compared between mouse strains and the change in this ratio can be monitored within testing sessions to measure satiation with a given reward type. Both of these operant conditioning paradigms are highly useful for the quantification of social motivation in mouse models of autism and other disorders of social behavior.

This article describes a new protocol for the quantitative measurement of social motivation in mice using operant conditioning for a social reward. The protocol is useful for the measurement of social motivation in mouse models of autism and other disorders of social behavior.

Quantificare motivazione sociale nei topi mediante condizionamento operante

In this protocol, social motivation is measured in mice through a pair of operant conditioning paradigms. To conduct the experiments, two-chambered ...

Ricerca

Comportamento

An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice

Alterations in executive control and cognitive flexibility, such as attentional set-shifting abilities, are core features of several neuropsychiatric diseases. The most widely used neuropsychological tests for the evaluation of attentional set-shifting in human subjects are the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the CANTAB Intra-/Extra-dimensional set shift task (ID/ED). These tasks have proven clinical relevance and have been modified and successfully adapted for research in animal models. However, currently available tasks for rodents present several limitations, mainly due to their manual-based testing procedures, which are hampering translational advances in psychiatric medicine. To overcome these limitations and to better mimic the original version in primates, we present the development of a novel operant-based two-chamber ID/ED "Operon" task for rodents. We demonstrated the effectiveness of this novel task to measure different facets of cognitive flexibility in mice including attentional set formation and shifting, and reversal learning. Moreover, we show the high flexibility of this task in which three different perceptual dimensions can be manipulated with a high number of stimuli cues for each dimension. This novel ID/ED Operon task can be an effective preclinical tool for drug testing and/or large genetic screening relevant to the study of executive dysfunction and cognitive symptoms found in psychiatric disorders.

Attentional set-shifting cognitive abnormalities are a core feature of many psychiatric diseases. Here, we present the development of a novel automatic system for the effective study of attentional set-shifting abilities, executive functions and other cognitive abilities in mice with high translational validity to human studies.

Un operante intra / extra-dimensionale Set-shift attività per Mice

Alterations in executive control and cognitive flexibility, such as attentional set-shifting abilities, are core features of several neuropsychiatric ...

Novel Object Exploration as a Potential Assay for Higher Order Repetitive Behaviors in Mice

Restricted, repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and disrupt the lives of affected individuals. RRBs are commonly split into lower-order and higher-order components, with lower order RRBs consisting of motor stereotypies and higher order RRBs consisting of perseverative and sequencing behaviors. Higher order RRBs are challenging to model in mice. Current assays for RRBs in mice focus primarily on the lower order components, making basic biomedical research into potential treatments or interventions for higher-order RRBs difficult. Here we describe a new assay, novel object exploration. This assay uses a basic open-field arena with four novel objects placed around the perimeter. The test mouse is allowed to freely explore the arena and the order in which the mouse investigates the novel objects is recorded. From these data, patterned sequences of exploration can be identified, as can the most preferred object for each mouse. The representative data shared here and past results using the novel object exploration assay illustrate that inbred mouse strains do demonstrate different behavior in this assay and that strains with elevated lower order RRBs also show elevated patterned behavior. As such, the novel object exploration assay appears to possess good face validity for higher order RRBs in humans and may be a valuable assay for future studies investigating novel therapeutics for ASD.

Higher order restricted, repetitive behaviors (RRBs) disrupt the lives of affected individuals. These behaviors are challenging to model in rodents, making basic biomedical research into potential treatments or interventions for RRBs difficult. Here we describe novel object exploration as a potential assay for higher order RRBs in mice.

Esplorazione oggetto romanzo come un test Potenziale di ordine superiore ripetitivi comportamenti nei topi

Restricted, repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and disrupt the lives of affected individuals.  RRBs are ...

Olfactory Behavioral Testing in the Adult Mouse

The rodent olfactory system is of increasing interest to scientists, studied, in part, in systems biology because of its stereotyped, yet accessible circuitry. In addition, this area's unique ability to generate new neurons throughout an organism's lifetime makes it an attractive system for developmental and regenerative biologists alike. Such interest necessitates a means for a quick, yet reliable assessment of olfactory function. Many tests of olfactory ability are complex, variable or not specifically designed for mice. Also, some tests are sensitive to memory deficits as well as defects in olfactory abilities, confounding obtained results.
Here, we describe a simple battery of tests designed to identify defects in olfactory sensitivity and preference. First, an initial general health assessment allows for the identification of animals suitable for further testing. Second, mice are exposed to various dilutions of scents to ascertain whether there is a threshold difference. Third, mice are presented with various scents, both attractive and aversive, that allow for the assessment of olfactory preference. These simple studies should make the initial characterization of olfactory behavior accessible for labs of varied resources and expertise.

Fundamental, yet unique properties of the rodent olfactory system have led to its increasing study among biologists. A relatively simple assessment of its function is then also needed. Here we describe sensitive tests for the characterization of mouse olfactory sensitivity and preference.

Olfattivo test comportamentali nel topo adulto

The rodent olfactory system is of increasing interest to scientists, studied, in part, in systems biology because of its stereotyped, yet accessible ...

Biologia

Progressive-ratio Responding for Palatable High-fat and High-sugar Food in Mice

Foods that are rich in fat and sugar significantly contribute to over-eating and escalating rates of obesity. The consumption of palatable foods can produce a rewarding effect that strengthens action-outcome associations and reinforces future behavior directed at obtaining these foods. Increasing evidence that the rewarding effects of energy-dense foods play a profound role in overeating and the development of obesity has heightened interest in studying the genes, molecules and neural circuitry that modulate food reward1,2. The rewarding impact of different stimuli can be studied by measuring the willingness to work to obtain them, such as in operant conditioning tasks3. Operant models of food reward measure acquired and voluntary behavioral responses that are directed at obtaining food. A commonly used measure of reward strength is an operant procedure known as the progressive ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement.4,5 In the PR task, the subject is required to make an increasing number of operant responses for each successive reward. The pioneering study of Hodos (1961) demonstrated that the number of responses made to obtain the last reward, termed the breakpoint, serves as an index of reward strength4. While operant procedures that measure changes in response rate alone cannot separate changes in reward strength from alterations in performance capacity, the breakpoint derived from the PR schedule is a well-validated measure of the rewarding effects of food. The PR task has been used extensively to assess the rewarding impact of drugs of abuse and food in rats (e.g.,6-8), but to a lesser extent in mice9. The increased use of genetically engineered mice and diet-induced obese mouse models has heightened demands for behavioral measures of food reward in mice. In the present article we detail the materials and procedures used to train mice to respond (lever-press) for a high-fat and high-sugar food pellets on a PR schedule of reinforcement. We show that breakpoint response thresholds increase following acute food deprivation and decrease with peripheral administration of the anorectic hormone leptin and thereby validate the use of this food-operant paradigm in mice.

The present report details the protocol employed to measure the rewarding effects of high-fat food in mice using a progressive ratio operant conditioning task.

Progressive-ratio di rispondere per alimentare appetibile alto contenuto di grassi e di zuccheri nel Mice

Foods that are rich in fat and sugar significantly contribute to over-eating and escalating rates of obesity. The consumption of palatable foods can ...

Neuroscienze

Analyzing Spatial Learning and Prosocial Behavior in Mice Using the Barnes Maze and Damsel-in-Distress Paradigms

The Barnes maze is a reliable measure of spatial learning and memory that does not require food restriction or exposure to extremely stressful stimuli. The Barnes maze can also assess other mouse behaviors, such as general motivation to escape from the maze platform and exploratory behavior. The Barnes maze can measure whether a genetic mutation or environmental variable can impact the acquisition and retention of spatial memories, as well as provide information about the search strategy employed by the mice. Here we use the Barnes maze to detect a memory deficit in adult mice following a single developmental ethanol exposure event. The newly described Damsel-in-Distress paradigm exposes a male mouse to a female mouse trapped in a chamber in the open center field of the arena. It provides an opportunity for the mouse to socially respond to the trapped female and exhibit prosocial behavior. The Damsel-in-Distress paradigm can also be used to examine mouse behavior in a novel arena and measure locomotor activity. Both the Barnes Maze and the Damsel-in-Distress protocols require minimal financial investment and most aspects of the tests can be constructed from common lab supplies. These flexible and accessible tools can also be used to detect behavioral changes over the course of development.

This protocol measures spatial learning and memory using the Barnes maze. A novel Damsel-in-Distress paradigm is used to assess locomotor activity and prosocial behavior in mice.

Analisi apprendimento spaziale e comportamento prosociale nei topi utilizzando il labirinto di Barnes e paradigmi Damsel in Distress

The Barnes maze is a reliable measure of spatial learning and memory that does not require food restriction or exposure to extremely stressful stimuli. ...

Assessment of Mouse Judgment Bias through an Olfactory Digging Task

Judgment biases (JB) are differences in the way that individuals in positive and negative affective/emotional states interpret ambiguous information. This phenomenon has long been observed in humans, with individuals in positive states responding to ambiguity 'optimistically' and those in negative states instead showing 'pessimism'. Researchers aiming to assess animal affect have taken advantage of these differential responses, developing tasks to assess judgment bias as an indicator of affective state. These tasks are becoming increasingly popular across diverse species and fields of research. However, for laboratory mice, the most widely used vertebrates in research and a species heavily relied upon to model affective disorders, only one JB task has been successfully validated as sensitive to changes in affective state. Here, we provide a detailed description of this novel murine JB task, and evidence of its sensitivity to mouse affect. Though refinements are still necessary, assessment of mouse JB opens the door for answering both practical questions regarding mouse welfare, and fundamental questions about the impact of affective state in translational research.

This article provides a detailed description of a novel mouse judgment bias protocol. Evidence of this olfactory digging task's sensitivity to affective state is also demonstrated and its utility across diverse research fields is discussed.

Valutazione del pregiudizio del giudizio del topo attraverso un'attività di scavo olfattivo

Judgment biases (JB) are differences in the way that individuals in positive and negative affective/emotional states interpret ambiguous information. This ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Progettazione di un olfattometro flessibile ed economico per esperimenti olfattivi sui roditori

Constructing an Olfactometer for Rodent Olfactory Behavior Studies

The use of olfactometers to study rodent behavior and brain activity during olfactory tasks is crucial for understanding brain circuits. These sophisticated devices allow researchers to precisely control and deliver odor stimuli, enabling the investigation of complex olfactory processes in rodents. Although commercially available olfactometers are convenient, they present challenges when technical issues arise, often requiring costly assistance and potentially disrupting research timelines. This article details the construction of a custom olfactometer specifically designed for mouse olfactory behavior experiments, providing a comprehensive list of parts and step-by-step instructions. The olfactometer is controlled through MATLAB, offering a user-friendly interface for researchers. Importantly, the open-source code allows users to modify and adapt the system, tailoring behavioral tasks to meet specific experimental needs. Building a customized olfactometer empowers users with the knowledge and capability to perform custom experimental design and troubleshooting independently, saving both time and resources. This approach not only enhances research flexibility but also fosters a deeper understanding of the equipment's functionality, ultimately leading to more robust and reliable olfactory studies in rodents.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Costruzione di un olfattometro per studi sul comportamento olfattivo dei roditori Spettroscopia nel vicino infrarosso Studio di iperscansione in consulenza psicolo

This protocol describes the construction of an olfactometer for go/no-go olfactory behavior experiments. Step-by-step instructions, along with images, are provided to ensure the successful construction of the olfactometer. Information for troubleshooting issues encountered during the process is also included.

Sensation operante in Cerco il mouse

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Capitoli in questo video

Quantificare motivazione sociale nei topi mediante condizionamento operante

Un operante intra / extra-dimensionale Set-shift attività per Mice

Esplorazione oggetto romanzo come un test Potenziale di ordine superiore ripetitivi comportamenti nei topi

Olfattivo test comportamentali nel topo adulto

Progressive-ratio di rispondere per alimentare appetibile alto contenuto di grassi e di zuccheri nel Mice

Analisi apprendimento spaziale e comportamento prosociale nei topi utilizzando il labirinto di Barnes e paradigmi Damsel in Distress

Valutazione del pregiudizio del giudizio del topo attraverso un'attività di scavo olfattivo

Costruzione di un olfattometro per studi sul comportamento olfattivo dei roditori

Costruzione di un olfattometro per studi sul comportamento olfattivo dei roditori

Costruzione di un olfattometro per studi sul comportamento olfattivo dei roditori