מחקר זה נתמך על ידי קרן הלב הולנד מענק 2000T038 (אל DJ Duncker) מענק 2000T042 (ד Merkus), FP7-בריאות-2010 הנציבות האירופית מענק MEDIA-261,409 (אל DJ Duncker וד Merkus), יוזמת מחקר לב וכלי דם הולנד: קרן הלב ההולנדית, הפדרציה הולנדית עבור מרכזים רפואיים האוניברסיטה, ארגון הולנד למחקר בריאות ופיתוח והאקדמיה המלכותית ההולנדית למדעים &#160; CVON- ARENA CVON 2011-11 (אל DJ Duncker), CVON-פדרה CVON2012-08 (ד Merkus) ו CVON-חבר מחדש CVON 2014-11 (אל DJ Duncker וד Merkus), סופיה קרן (ד דה Wijs-Meijler, ד Merkus ו IKM רייס).

<ol>
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O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Matching+coronary+blood+flow+to+myocardial+oxygen+consumption.">Matching coronary blood flow to myocardial oxygen consumption.</a> J Appl Physiol. 97 (1985), 404-415 (2004).</li><li>van den Heuvel, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coronary+microvascular+dysfunction+in+a+porcine+model+of+early+atherosclerosis+and+diabetes.">Coronary microvascular dysfunction in a porcine model of early atherosclerosis and diabetes.</a> Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 302, H85-H94 (2012).</li><li>Zhou, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pulmonary+vasoconstrictor+influence+of+endothelin+in+exercising+swine+depends+critically+on+phosphodiesterase+5+activity.">Pulmonary vasoconstrictor influence of endothelin in exercising swine depends critically on phosphodiesterase 5 activity.</a> Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 306, L442-L452 (2014).</li><li>Pereda, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Swine+model+of+chronic+postcapillary+pulmonary+hypertension+with+right+ventricular+remodeling:+long-term+characterization+by+cardiac+catheterization,+magnetic+resonance,+and+pathology.">Swine model of chronic postcapillary pulmonary hypertension with right ventricular remodeling: long-term characterization by cardiac catheterization, magnetic resonance, and pathology.</a> J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 7, 494-506 (2014).</li><li>Mercier, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endothelin+A+receptor+blockade+improves+regression+of+flow-induced+pulmonary+vasculopathy+in+piglets.">Endothelin A receptor blockade improves regression of flow-induced pulmonary vasculopathy in piglets.</a> J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 140, 677-683 (2010).</li><li>Spinale, F. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+supraventricular+tachycardia+causes+ventricular+dysfunction+and+subendocardial+injury+in+swine.">Chronic supraventricular tachycardia causes ventricular dysfunction and subendocardial injury in swine.</a> Am J Physiol. 259, H218-H229 (1990).</li><li>Yarbrough, W. M., Spinale, F. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large+animal+models+of+congestive+heart+failure:+a+critical+step+in+translating+basic+observations+into+clinical+applications.">Large animal models of congestive heart failure: a critical step in translating basic observations into clinical applications.</a> J Nucl Cardiol. 10, 77-86 (2003).</li><li>Duncker, D. J., Stubenitsky, R., Verdouw, P. 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R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Animal Models in Cardiovascular Research. , (2009).</li><li>Merkus, D., Duncker, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Perspectives:+Coronary+microvascular+dysfunction+in+post-infarct+remodelled+myocardium.">Perspectives: Coronary microvascular dysfunction in post-infarct remodelled myocardium.</a> Eur Heart J Suppl. 16, A74-A79 (2014).</li><li>de Beer, V. J., de Graaff, H. J., Hoekstra, M., Duncker, D. J., Merkus, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Integrated+control+of+pulmonary+vascular+tone+by+endothelin+and+angiotensin+II+in+exercising+swine+depends+on+gender.">Integrated control of pulmonary vascular tone by endothelin and angiotensin II in exercising swine depends on gender.</a> Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 298, H1976-H1985 (2010).</li><li>Lautt, W. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Resistance+or+conductance+for+expression+of+arterial+vascular+tone.">Resistance or conductance for expression of arterial vascular tone.</a> Microvasc Res. 37, 230-236 (1989).</li><li>Merkus, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phosphodiesterase+5+inhibition-induced+coronary+vasodilation+is+reduced+after+myocardial+infarction.">Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition-induced coronary vasodilation is reduced after myocardial infarction.</a> Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 304, H1370-H1381 (2013).</li><li>Heusch, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+paradox+of+alpha-adrenergic+coronary+vasoconstriction+revisited.">The paradox of alpha-adrenergic coronary vasoconstriction revisited.</a> J Mol Cell Card. 51, 16-23 (2011).</li><li>Merkus, D., Houweling, B., van den Meiracker, A. H., Boomsma, F., Duncker, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contribution+of+endothelin+to+coronary+vasomotor+tone+is+abolished+after+myocardial+infarction.">Contribution of endothelin to coronary vasomotor tone is abolished after myocardial infarction.</a> Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 288, H871-H880 (2005).</li><li>Haitsma, D. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Minimal+impairment+of+myocardial+blood+flow+responses+to+exercise+in+the+remodeled+left+ventricle+early+after+myocardial+infarction,+despite+significant+hemodynamic+and+neurohumoral+alterations.">Minimal impairment of myocardial blood flow responses to exercise in the remodeled left ventricle early after myocardial infarction, despite significant hemodynamic and neurohumoral alterations.</a> Cardiovasc Res. 52, 417-428 (2001).</li><li>Bender, S. B., van Houwelingen, M. J., Merkus, D., Duncker, D. J., Laughlin, M. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+analysis+of+exercise-induced+enhancement+of+early-+and+late-systolic+retrograde+coronary+blood+flow.">Quantitative analysis of exercise-induced enhancement of early- and late-systolic retrograde coronary blood flow.</a> J Appl Physiol. 108 (3), 507-514 (2010).</li></ol>

החוקרים אין לי מה לחשוף.

המחקר הנוכחי מתאר את הניתוח עבור מכשור chronical של חזירים וכן הפרוטוקול למימוש חזירים המאובזרת על הליכון מונע במנוע תוך מדידה ופרמטרים המודינמיים ולקיחת דגימות דם למדידת תכולת חמצן העורקי, ורידים מעורבים ודם ורידים כלילית. צעדים ק?...

פונקצית לב-ריאה נאותה חיונית כדי לספק את הגוף עם חמצן וחומרים מזינים, במיוחד במהלך תנאי ביקוש מטבולית מוגבר כגון במהלך תרגיל 1. התגובה לב-ריאה לתרגיל מאופיין במספר עיבודים בתפקוד הלב, כלומר., עלייה בקצב הלב, נפח contractility ושבץ, ותפקוד כלי הדם, כלומר, התרחבות בערוגות וסקולרית באספקת לשרירים כמו גם ב ריאתי כלי דם, ועל vasoconstriction בערוגות וסקולרית לספק את מערכת עיכול וכן 1 שרירים פעילים. יכולת הגופנית פגומה היא סימן היכר מוקדם של תפקוד לב-ריאה, ובדיקה גופנית לב-ריאה משמשת כשיטה יעילה להתוות בין תפקוד לקוי של לב, תפקוד כלי דם ו / או תפקוד לקוי ריאתי בחולים עם קיבולת 2 תרגיל פגום. תפקוד לב-ריאה מוקדם דifficult לאבחן, במיוחד במודלים של בעלי חיים, כמו פונקצית לב-ריאה לעתים קרובות נמדדת פולשני, בהרדמה, בחומרי הרדמה רבים בעלי תכונות cardiodepressive 3. מכשור כרוני מאפשר למדידת תפקוד לב-ריאה במדינה הערה, וכאשר החיות מותאמות באופן מלא את מידות בתנאי המעבדה ניתן להשיג בתנאי מנוחה שקטים ללא תופעות של הרדמת טראומה כירורגית חריפה. יתר על כן, כאשר חיות מאומנים כראוי, מדידות ניתן להשיג במהלך פעילות גופנית על הליכון מדורגת 4,5. באופן ספציפי יותר, עזב ותפקוד החדר הימני ניתן להעריך הקשורים זלוף שריר הלב, בעוד הסדרת הטון וזומוטוריים ב בזרימת הדם הכליליים, מערכתיות ריאתי ניתן לקבוע. שימוש צנתרים מלאים נוזלות מאפשר מדידה לחץ, כמו גם דגימות דם שנטל ללא הטלת מודעהמתח ditional על החיות. יתרון נוסף של לימוד חיות מאובזרות כרוני הוא בדיקת מאמץ לב-ריאה ניתן לחזור המאפשרות שימוש של חית כשליטה משלה, או במהלך התפתחות מחלה או במהלך טיפול כרוני, ובכך להגדיל כוח סטטיסטי ולכן להגביל את מספר בעלי החיים הנדרשים מחקר . האנטומיה לב-ריאה של חזירים דומה לזו של בני אדם ולא מן הנמנע לגרום צורות שונות של מחל לב-ריאה, כגון סוכרת 6, אוטם שריר לב 7, יתר לחץ דם ריאתי 8,9 ואי ספיקת לב הנגרמת צעדה 10,11. יתר על כן, את הגודל של חזירים מאפשר מכשור כרוני, ובדיקות דם חוזרות ונשנות של כמות מספקת כדי לנתח לא רק גזים בדם, אלא גם לבצע מדידות neurohumoral ו / או לחפש סמנים של מחלה. פרוטוקול זה מתאר את הניתוח משמש chronicalחזירי מכשיר ly וכן הפרוטוקול למימוש החזירים על הליכון ממונע.

<table><tbody><tr><td>3-way stopcocks</td><td>B. Braun</td><td>16496</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Perfusor lines PVC (DEHP-free) 150 cm/2.6 ml&amp;nbsp;</td><td>B. Braun</td><td>8722960</td><td>Used for fluid filled catheters</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;ldquo;python &amp;ldquo; silicontubing</td><td>Rubber BV</td><td>1757 ID 1 mm, OD 2 mm</td><td>Used for fluid filled catheters</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Chloride 0.9%</td><td>Baxter</td><td>TKF7124</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glucose 10%</td><td>Baxter</td><td>WE0163</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Suction device</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Slim-Line electrosurgical pencil with 2 buttons</td><td>ERBE ELEKTROMEDIZIN GMBH</td><td>20190-066</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Servo Ventilator&amp;nbsp;SV900C&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Siemens-Elema AB&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laryngoscoop</td><td>Vererinary Technics Int.</td><td>11.02.47</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sterile surgical gloves</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>tie-on surgical mask</td><td>3M</td><td>1818FS</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>surgical hat</td><td>Klinidrape</td><td>621301</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Procedure pack</td><td>Molnlycke Health Care</td><td>97027809</td><td>Surgical drape, gauze pads, syringes, beaker etc</td></tr><tr><td>Droptears</td><td>Alcon</td><td>288-28282-01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Betadine scrub 75 mg/ml Povidone-iodine</td><td>Meda Pharma BV</td><td>RVG08939</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Betadine solution 100 mg/ml Povidone-iodine</td><td>Meda Pharma BV</td><td>RVG01331</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cuffed Endotracheal tube</td><td>Emdamed</td><td></td><td>size depends on animal size</td></tr><tr><td>Breathing filter Hyrdo therm 3HME</td><td>Intersurgical</td><td>1560000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laryngoscope Handle+ Miller blade size 4</td><td>Kawe Germany</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Manual resuscitator- Combibag</td><td>Weinmann</td><td>6515-12-313-5596</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Perivascular flow probe 3PS</td><td>Transonic</td><td></td><td>For coronary artery; Size 2.5 - 4 mm depending on animal size</td></tr><tr><td>Confidence flow probe</td><td>Transonic</td><td></td><td>For aorta/pulmonary artery, 16 - 20 mm; size depends on animal size</td></tr><tr><td>Venflon-Venisystem 20 G x 32 mm</td><td>BD</td><td>393224</td><td>For coronary venous catheter</td></tr><tr><td>Blunt Needle 18 G</td><td></td><td></td><td>For coronary venous catheter</td></tr><tr><td>Tygon Tubing</td><td>Rubber BV</td><td>2802 ID 0.8 mm (1/32&amp;rsquo;&amp;rsquo;), OD 2.4 mm (3/32&amp;rsquo;&amp;rsquo;)</td><td>For coronary venous catheter</td></tr><tr><td>Suction Handle 17 cm 6 6/8 &quot; Coupland 18/8 martinit with tube connector</td><td>KLS Martin Group</td><td>18-575-24</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scalple blade&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scalpel Handle 13.5 cm 5 3/8 &quot; Stainless Steel solid</td><td>KLS Martin Group</td><td>10-100-04</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vascular Forceps 20.2 cm 8 &quot; De Bakey Stainless Stee</td><td>KLS Martin Group</td><td>24-388-20</td><td>&amp;plusmn; 14 cm</td></tr><tr><td>Dressing Forceps 17 cm 6 6/8 &quot; Cushing Stainless Steel</td><td>KLS Martin Group</td><td>12-189-17</td><td>&amp;plusmn; 18 cm</td></tr><tr><td>halsted-musquito straight 12.5 cm - 5&quot;</td><td>Rudolf Medical</td><td>RU-3100-13</td><td>&amp;plusmn; 12 cm</td></tr><tr><td>halsted-musquito curved 12.5 cm - 5&quot;</td><td>Rudolf Medical</td><td>RU-3101-12</td><td>&amp;plusmn; 12 cm</td></tr><tr><td>Dissecting and Ligature Forceps 13 cm 5 1/8 &quot; Gemini Stainless Steel</td><td>KLS Martin Group</td><td>13-451-13</td><td>&amp;plusmn; 12 cm</td></tr><tr><td>Dissecting and Ligature Forceps 18.5 cm 7 2/8 &quot; Schnidt Stainless Steel</td><td>KLS Martin Group</td><td>13-363-18</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rib Retractor Finochietto, Baby Aluminium -</td><td>KLS Martin Group</td><td>24-162-01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>suture forceps Mayo-Hegar 3 mm 18 cm - 7&quot;</td><td>Rudolf Medical</td><td>RU-6050-18</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Metchenbaum blunt curved 14.5 cm - 5(3/4)&quot;</td><td>Rudolf Medical</td><td>RU-1311-14M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Retrector farabeuf 12 cm - 4 (3/4)&quot;</td><td>Rudolf Medical</td><td>RU-4497-12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Towel forceps schr&amp;auml;del curved 9cm - 3,5&quot;</td><td>Rudolf Medical</td><td>RU-3550-09</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>surgical scissors blunt 13 cm - 5&quot;</td><td>Rudolf Medical</td><td>RU-1001-13</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gauzes Cutisoft 10 x 10 cm 4-ply</td><td>BSN Medical</td><td>45846-00</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gauzes Cutisoft 5 x 5 cm 4-ply</td><td>BSN Medical</td><td>45844-00</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Flowmeter -CM2 / SF2 - 2gas (O2 and Air)</td><td>UNO BV</td><td>180000008</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tec 7 Vaporizer</td><td>Datex-Ohmeda</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Acederm wound spay</td><td>Ecuphar NV</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vaseline Album</td><td>Bufa</td><td>165313</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>silkam 3-0 Natural silk, non-absorbable</td><td>B. Braun</td><td>F 1134043</td><td>sutures for placement of catheters</td></tr><tr><td>silkam 2-0 Natural silk, non-absorbable</td><td>B. Braun</td><td>F 1134051</td><td>sutures for muscular approximation</td></tr><tr><td>dagrofil 3-0 Polyester, non-absorbable</td><td>B. Braun</td><td>C 0842478</td><td>sutures for fluid fille catheters after tunneling</td></tr><tr><td>Vicryl rapide 3-0, 1 x 45 cm FS2, V2930G</td><td>Daxtrio medische producten</td><td>15560</td><td>sutures for electrical catheters after tunneling</td></tr><tr><td>Vitafil 6 USP</td><td>SMI</td><td>6080</td><td>Ties</td></tr><tr><td>Syringes</td><td></td><td></td><td>10 ml and 2.5 ml</td></tr><tr><td>Heparin LEO (heparin sodium)&amp;nbsp;</td><td>LEO Pharma A/S</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Zoletil</td><td>Virbac</td><td></td><td>tiletamine / zolazepam</td></tr><tr><td>Sedazine</td><td>AST farma</td><td>108855</td><td>xylazine</td></tr><tr><td>Temgesic</td><td>RB Pharmaceuticals</td><td>5429</td><td>buprenorphine</td></tr><tr><td>Tensogrip</td><td>BSN Medical</td><td>71522-00</td><td>elastic vest</td></tr></tbody></table>

surgical placement of catheters for long-term cardiovascular exercise testing in swine

פרוטוקול זה מתאר את ההליך כירורגי כדי חזירי מכשיר כרוניים ההליך לממש חזירים על הליכון מונע במנוע. תפקוד לב-ריאה מוקדם קשה לאבחן, במיוחד במודלים של בעלי חיים, כמו פונקצית לב-ריאה לעתים קרובות נמדדת פולשני, בהרדמה. כסוכני הרדמה רבים הם cardiodepressive, שינויים קלים בתפקוד לב וכלי דם עשויים להיות רעול פנים. לעומת זאת, מכשור כרוני מאפשר למדידת תפקוד לב-ריאה במדינה הערה, כך מדידות ניתן להשיג בתנאי מנוחה שקטים, ללא תופעות של הרדמת טראומה כירורגית חריפה. יתר על כן, כאשר חיות מאומנות כראוי, מדידות ניתן להשיג במהלך פעילות גופנית על הליכון מדורג. בדיקות זרימה ממוקמות סביב האאורטה או בעורק הריאה למדידת תפוקת הלב ומסביב הקדמי העורק הכלילי השמאלי היורד למדידת קורוןזרימת דם האר&quot;י. צנתרים מלאות נוזל מושתלים אבי העורקים, עורק הריאה, אטריום שמאל, החדר השמאלי ואת החדר הימני למדידת לחץ ובדיקות דם. בנוסף, קטטר 20 G ממוקם בתוך וריד interventricular הקדמי כדי לאפשר דגימת דם ורידים כלילית. אחרי שבוע של התאוששות, חזירים מונחים על הליכון מונע במנוע, את הצנתרים מחוברים מטרים לחץ וזרימה, וחזירים חשופים פרוטוקול תרגיל המתקדם חמישה שלבים, כאשר בכל השלב שנמשך 3 דקות. אותות המודינמי נרשמים ברציפויות דגימות דם נלקחות במהלך 30 השניות האחרונות של כל שלב מימוש. היתרון העיקרי של לימוד חיות מאובזרות כרוני הוא שהיא מאפשר הערכת סדרה של תפקוד לב-ריאה, לא רק במנוחה, אלא גם במהלך מאמץ פיזי כמו התעמלות. יתר על כן, פונקצית לב-ריאה ניתן להעריך שוב ושוב במהלך התפתחות מחלהnd במהלך טיפול כרוני, ובכך להגדיל כוח סטטיסטי ולכן להגביל את מספר בעלי החיים הדרושים למחקר.

תרגיל עד 5 ק&quot;מ / שעה הביא להכפלת תפוקת הלב מ -4.3 ± 0.3 ל 8.5 ± 0.7 ליטר / דקה אשר הושג בעיקר על ידי גידול בקצב הלב מן 137 ± 7 ל 256 ± 8 פעימות לדקה בשילוב עם עלייה קטנה בנפח הפעימה מ -32 ± 2 כדי 36 ± 3 מ&quot;ל (איור 3). הגידול בהיקף שבץ התאפשרה על ידי גידול התכווצו?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Surgical Placement of Catheters for Long-term Cardiovascular Exercise Testing in Swine at JoVE.com

Surgical Placement of Catheters for Long-term Cardiovascular Exercise Testing in Swine

Here we present a protocol to assess cardiopulmonary function in awake swine, at rest and during graded treadmill exercise. Chronic instrumentation allows for repeated hemodynamic measurements uninfluenced by cardiodepressive anesthetic agents.

מיקום כירורגי של קטטרים לטווח ארוך בדיקת תרגיל לב וכלי דם ב חזירים

This protocol describes the surgical procedure to chronically instrument swine and the procedure to exercise swine on a motor-driven treadmill. Early ...

surgical-placement-catheters-for-long-term-cardiovascular-exercise

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

13.3K Views.  Erasmus MC. Here we present a protocol to assess cardiopulmonary function in awake swine, at rest and during graded treadmill exercise. Chronic instrumentation allows for repeated hemodynamic measurements uninfluenced by cardiodepressive anesthetic agents.

Video: Surgical Placement of Catheters for Long-term Cardiovascular Exercise Testing in Swine

Minimal Invasive Surgical Procedure of Inducing Myocardial Infarction in Mice

Myocardial infarction still remains the main cause of death in western countries, despite considerable progress in the stent development area in the last decades. For clarification of the underlying mechanisms and the development of new therapeutic strategies, the availability of valid animal models are mandatory. Since we need new insights into pathomechanisms of cardiovascular diseases under in vivo conditions to combat myocardial infarction, the validity of the animal model is a crucial aspect. However, protection of animals are highly relevant in this context. Therefore, we establish a minimally invasive and simple model of myocardial infarction in mice, which assures a high reproducibility and survival rate of animals. Thus, this models fulfils the requirements of the 3R principle (Replacement, Refinement and Reduction) for animal experiments and assure the scientific information needed for further developing of therapeutical strategies for cardiovascular diseases.

A highly reproducible model for myocardial infarction in mice with minimal invasive manipulations is described. The model can be easily performed, resulting in a high reproducibility and survival rate. Thus, the described model will reduce the number of required animals as requested by the 3R principle (Replacement, Refinement and Reduction).

נוהל כירורגי זעיר פולשנית של גרימת אוטם שריר הלב בעכברים

Myocardial infarction still remains the main cause of death in western countries, despite considerable progress in the stent development area in the last ...

Testing the Efficacy of Pharmacological Agents in a Pericardial Target Delivery Model in the Swine

To date, many pharmacological agents used to treat or prevent arrhythmias in open-heart cases create undesired systemic side effects. For example, antiarrhythmic drugs administered intravenously can produce drops in systemic pressure in the already compromised cardiac patient. While performing open-heart procedures, surgeons will often either create a small port or form a pericardial cradle to create suitable fields for operation. This access yields opportunities for target pharmacological delivery (antiarrhythmic or ischemic preconditioning agents) directly to the myocardial tissue without undesired side effects.
We have developed a swine model for testing pharmacological agents for target delivery within the pericardial fluid. While fully anesthetized, each animal was instrumented with a Swan-Ganz catheter as well as left and right ventricle pressure catheters, and pacing leads were placed in the right atrial appendage and the right ventricle. A medial sternotomy was then performed and a pericardial access cradle was created; a plunge pacing lead was placed in the left atrial appendage and a bipolar pacing lead was placed in the left ventricle. Utilizing a programmer and a cardiac mapping system, the refractory period of the atrioventricular node (AVN), atria and ventricles was determined. In addition, atrial fibrillation (AF) induction was produced utilizing a Grass stimulator and time in AF was observed. These measurements were performed prior to treatment, as well as 30 min&#160;and 60 min&#160;after pericardial treatment. Additional time points were added for selected studies. The heart was then cardiopleged and reanimated in a four chamber working mode. Pressure measurements and function were recorded for 1 hr after reanimation. This treatment strategy model allowed us to observe the effects of pharmacological agents that may decrease the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias and/or ischemic damage, during and after open-heart surgery.

We have developed a swine model for the target delivery of pharmacological agents within the pericardial space/fluid. Using this approach, the relative benefits of administered agents on induced atrial fibrillation, relative refractory periods and/or ischemic protection can be investigated.

בדיקת יעילותם של סוכני פרמקולוגיים במודל אספקת קרום לב יעד של החזירים

To date, many pharmacological agents used to treat or prevent arrhythmias in open-heart cases create undesired systemic side effects. For example, ...

Long-term Blood Pressure Measurement in Freely Moving Mice Using Telemetry

During the development of new vasoactive agents, arterial blood pressure monitoring is crucial for evaluating the efficacy of the new proposed drugs. Indeed, research focusing on the discovery of new potential therapeutic targets using genetically altered mice requires a reliable, long-term assessment of the systemic arterial pressure variation. Currently, the gold standard for obtaining long-term measurements of blood pressure in ambulatory mice uses implantable radio-transmitters, which require&#160;artery cannulation. This technique eliminates the need for tethering, restraining, or anesthetizing the animals which introduce stress and artifacts during data sampling. However, arterial blood pressure monitoring in mice via catheterization can be rather challenging due to the small size of the arteries. Here we present a step-by-step guide to illustrate the crucial key passages for a successful subcutaneous implantation of radio-transmitters and carotid artery cannulation in mice. We also include examples of long-term blood pressure activity taken from freely moving mice after a period of post-surgery recovery. Following this procedure will allow reliable direct blood pressure recordings from multiple animals simultaneously.

The goal of this protocol is to assess systemic blood pressure in conscious freely moving mice using implantable radio-telemetry devices.

מדידת לחץ דם לטווח ארוך בעכברים לנוע בחופשיות באמצעות טלמטריה

During the development of new vasoactive agents, arterial blood pressure monitoring is crucial for evaluating the efficacy of the new proposed drugs. ...

Brachial Artery Catheterization in Swine

The video describes in detail the catheterization of the distal brachial artery in swine. This technique enables researchers to measure arterial blood pressure continuously and collect arterial blood samples to assess arterial blood gas measurements. Arterial blood pressures and arterial blood gases are important physiological parameters to monitor during experimental procedures. In swine, four common methods of arterial catheterization have been described, including catheterization of the carotid, femoral, auricular, and medial saphenous arteries. Each of these techniques have advantages, such as ease of access for the auricular artery, and disadvantages that include deep tissue dissection for carotid artery catheterization. The described alternative method of arterial catheterization in swine, the catheterization of the distal aspect of the brachial artery, is a rapid procedure that requires relatively minimal tissue dissection and provides information that is in line with data collected from other arterial catheterization sites. The procedure uses a medial approach along an oblique plane of the lower brachium, positioned between the olecranon and the flexor aspect of the elbow joint, and this approach allows researchers the major advantage of unimpeded freedom for procedures that involve the caudoventral, caudodorsal back, or hind limbs of the pig. Due to the location of the upper forelimb of the catheterized vessel and potential challenges of effective homeostasis following catheter removal from the artery, this technique may be limited to non-recovery procedures.

The video describes in detail the catheterization of the distal brachial artery in swine. This procedure accurately measures arterial blood pressure and is a simple and fast method to collect samples for arterial blood gas measurements.

צנתור עורק נחתכו בחזיר

The video describes in detail the catheterization of the distal brachial artery in swine. This technique enables researchers to measure arterial blood ...

Novel Percutaneous Approach for Deployment of 3D Printed Coronary Stenosis Implants in Swine Models of Ischemic Heart Disease

Minimally invasive methods for creating models of focal coronary narrowing in large animals are challenging. Rapid prototyping using three-dimensionally (3D) printed coronary implants can be employed to percutaneously create a focal coronary stenosis. However, reliable delivery of the implants can be difficult without the use of ancillary equipment. We describe the use of a mother-and-child coronary guide catheter for stabilization of the implant and for effective delivery of the 3D printed implant to any desired location along the length of the coronary vessel. The focal coronary narrowing was confirmed under coronary cineangiography and the functional significance of the coronary stenosis was assessed using gadolinium-enhanced first-pass cardiac perfusion MRI. We showed that reliable delivery of 3D printed coronary implants in swine models (n = 11) of ischemic heart disease can be achieved through repurposing mother-and-child coronary guide catheters. Our technique simplifies the percutaneous delivery of coronary implants to create closed-chest swine models of focal coronary artery stenosis and can be performed expeditiously, with a low procedural failure rate.

We describe a novel, cost-effective, and efficient technique for percutaneous delivery of three-dimensionally printed coronary implants to create closed-chest swine models of ischemic heart disease. The implants were fixed in place using a mother-and-child extension catheter with high success rate.

רומן פרעורית הגישה לפריסה של 3D הודפס שתלים היצרות כלילית בתוך מודלים החזירים של מחלת לב איסכמי

Minimally invasive methods for creating models of focal coronary narrowing in large animals are challenging. Rapid prototyping using three-dimensionally ...

Measuring Cardiac Output in a Swine Model

Swine are frequently used in medical research given their similar cardiac physiology to that of humans. Measuring cardiac parameters such as stroke volume and cardiac output are essential in this type of research. Contrast ventriculography, thermodilution, and pressure-volume loop (PV-loop) catheters can be used to accurately obtain cardiac performance data depending on which resources and expertise are available. For this study,five Yorkshire swine were anesthetized and intubated. Central venous and arterial access was obtained to place the necessary measurement instruments.A temperature probe was placed in the aortic root. A cold saline bolus was delivered to the right atrium and temperature deflection curve was recorded. Integration of the area under the curve allowed for the calculation of the current cardiac output.A pigtail catheter was percutaneously placed in the left ventricle and 30 mL of iodinated contrast was power injected over 2 seconds. Digital subtraction angiography images were uploaded to volumetric analysis software to calculate the stroke volume and cardiac output. A pressure volume-loop catheter was placed into the left ventricle (LV) and provided continuous pressure and volume data of the LV, which allowed the calculation of both stroke volume and cardiac output.All three methods demonstrated good correlation with each other. The PV-loop catheter and thermodilution exhibited the best correlation with a 3% error and a Pearson coefficient of 0.99, with 95% CI=0.97 to 1.1, (p=0.002). The PV-loop catheter against ventriculography also showed good correlation with a 6% error and a Pearson coefficient of 0.95, 95% CI=0.96 to 1.1 (p=0.01). Finally, thermodilution against ventriculography had a 2% error with r=0.95, 95% CI=0.93 to 1.11, (p=0.01). In conclusion, we state that the PV-loop catheter, contrast ventriculography, and thermodilution each offer certain advantages depending on the researcher's requirements. Each method is reliable and accurate for measuring various cardiac parameters in swine such as the stroke volume and cardiac output.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>מדידת תפוקת לב במודל חזירים

Thermodilution, pressure-volume loop catheters, and contrast ventriculography are reliable and accurate methods for determining cardiac physiology such as stroke volume and cardiac output in a laboratory setting in swine.

מדידת תפוקת לב במודל חזירים

Swine are frequently used in medical research given their similar cardiac physiology to that of humans. Measuring cardiac parameters such as stroke volume ...

Closed Chest Biventricular Pressure-Volume Loop Recordings with Admittance Catheters in a Porcine Model

Pressure-volume (PV) loop recording enables the state-of-the-art investigation of load-independent variables of ventricular performance. Uni-ventricular evaluation is often performed in preclinical research. However, the right and left ventricles exert functional interdependence due to their parallel and serial connections, encouraging simultaneous evaluation of both ventricles. Furthermore, various pharmacological interventions may affect the ventricles and their preloads and afterloads differently. 
We describe our closed chest approach to admittance-based bi-ventricular PV loop recordings in a porcine model of acute right ventricular (RV) overload. We utilize minimally invasive techniques with all vascular accesses guided by ultrasound. PV catheters are positioned, under fluoroscopic guidance, to avoid thoracotomy in animals, as the closed chest approach maintains the relevant cardiopulmonary physiology. The admittance technology provides real-time PV loop recordings without the need for post-hoc processing. Furthermore, we explain some essential troubleshooting steps during critical timepoints of the presented procedure. 
The presented protocol is a reproducible and physiologically relevant approach to obtain a bi-ventricular cardiac PV loop recording in a large animal model. This can be applied to a large variety of cardiovascular animal research.

Here we present a closed chest approach to admittance-based bi-ventricular pressure-volume loop recordings in pigs with acute right ventricular dysfunction.

סגור חזה Biventricular לחץ-נפח לולאה הקלטות עם צנתרי כניסה במודל חזירי

Pressure-volume (PV) loop recording enables the state-of-the-art investigation of load-independent variables of ventricular performance. Uni-ventricular ...

Intubation, Central Venous Catheter, and Arterial Line Placement in Swine for Translational Research in Abdominal Transplantation Surgery

Translational surgical research models in swine are crucial for developing safe preclinical protocols. However, the success of the experimental surgeries does not solely rely on the research team's surgical skills; perioperative care and management procedures, like intubation, central venous line, and arterial line placement, are necessary and of the utmost importance for favorable experiment results. As it is uncommon for research teams to have anesthesiologists or any other staff other than the surgical team, the surgical team involved in translational research must acquire and/or develop the skills to perform the perioperative care. The purpose of this paper is to show the techniques of intubation, central venous catheter, and arterial line placement used and perfected at the Toronto Organ Preservation Laboratory over the last 10 years, to be used as a reference for future researchers joining either this team or any other lab performing translational research protocols in swine and/or abdominal transplantation.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>אינטובציה, צנתר ורידי מרכזי ומיקום קו עורקי בחזירים למחקר תרגומי בניתוחי השתלת בטן

To obtain the best possible results, surgeons performing translational research experiments should be proficient at intubation and vascular line placement. This paper describes the techniques used by the Toronto Organ Preservation Laboratory to perform these procedures.

אינטובציה, צנתר ורידי מרכזי ומיקום קו עורקי בחזירים למחקר תרגומי בניתוחי השתלת בטן

Translational surgical research models in swine are crucial for developing safe preclinical protocols. However, the success of the experimental surgeries ...

מיקום כירורגי של קטטרים לטווח ארוך בדיקת תרגיל לב וכלי דם ב חזירים

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נוהל כירורגי זעיר פולשנית של גרימת אוטם שריר הלב בעכברים

בדיקת יעילותם של סוכני פרמקולוגיים במודל אספקת קרום לב יעד של החזירים

מדידת לחץ דם לטווח ארוך בעכברים לנוע בחופשיות באמצעות טלמטריה

צנתור עורק נחתכו בחזיר

רומן פרעורית הגישה לפריסה של 3D הודפס שתלים היצרות כלילית בתוך מודלים החזירים של מחלת לב איסכמי

מדידת תפוקת לב במודל חזירים

מדידת תפוקת לב במודל חזירים

סגור חזה Biventricular לחץ-נפח לולאה הקלטות עם צנתרי כניסה במודל חזירי

אינטובציה, צנתר ורידי מרכזי ומיקום קו עורקי בחזירים למחקר תרגומי בניתוחי השתלת בטן

אינטובציה, צנתר ורידי מרכזי ומיקום קו עורקי בחזירים למחקר תרגומי בניתוחי השתלת בטן