Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by the development of ulcers in the stomach or duodenal mucosa. Its pathophysiology is complex, involving a balance between damaging and protective elements.
Damaging agents such as Helicobacter pylori, gastric acid, pepsin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can weaken the mucosal defense, allowing hydrogen ions to infiltrate back and harm epithelial cells.
On the protective side:
The interplay of these factors either heightens acid-pepsin levels or weakens the mucosal barrier's resistance. Damaged mucosa struggles to produce sufficient mucus as a defense, leading to inflammation, harm, and mucosal erosion.
From Chapter 10:
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