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Chapter 13

DNA Structure and Function

סליל הדנ״א
סליל הדנ״א
Overview Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the genetic material responsible for passing traits from generation to generation in all organisms and most ...
אריזת דנ״א
אריזת דנ״א
Overview Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. In order to fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotes must pack their DNA tightly inside ...
ארגון של גנים
ארגון של גנים
Overview The genomes of eukaryotes can be structured in several functional categories. A strand of DNA is comprised of genes and intergenic regions. ...
אפיון קריוטיפ
אפיון קריוטיפ
Overview Describing the number and physical features of chromosomes can reveal abnormalities that underlie genetic diseases. This description is ...
שכפול בפרוקריוטים
שכפול בפרוקריוטים
Overview DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to ...
שכפול באאוקריוטים
שכפול באאוקריוטים
Overview In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high ...
הגהה
הגהה
Overview Synthesis of new DNA molecules starts when DNA polymerase links nucleotides together in a sequence that is complementary to the template DNA ...
תיקון חוסר התאמה
תיקון חוסר התאמה
Overview Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires ...
תיקון הוצאת נוקלאוטיד
תיקון הוצאת נוקלאוטיד
Overview Exposure to mutagens can damage DNA and result in bulky lesions that distort the double-helix structure or impede proper transcription. Damaged ...
מוטציות
מוטציות
Overview Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. ...
שעתוק
שעתוק
Overview Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene ...
תרגום
תרגום
Lesson: Translation Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following ...
התמרה חיידקית
התמרה חיידקית
In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two ...
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