Chapter 8
Reactions of Alkenes
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Regioselectivity של תוספות אלקטרופיליות-אפקט מי חמצן
In the presence of organic peroxides, the addition of hydrogen bromide to an alkene yields the isomer that is not predicted by Markovnikov’s rule. ...
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תגובת שרשרת רדיקלים חופשיים ופילמור של אלקנים
The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a ...
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הלוגנציה של אלקנים
Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence ...
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היווצרות הלוהידרין מאלקנס
An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group ...
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הידרציה מזורזת חומצה של אלקנים
Alkenes react with water in the presence of an acid to form an alcohol. In the absence of acid, hydration of alkenes does not occur at a significant rate, ...
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רגיוסלקטיביות וסטריאוכימיה של הידרציה מזורזת חומצה
The rate of acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes depends on the alkene's structure, as the presence of alkyl substituents at the double bond can ...
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אוקסימרקורציה-הפחתה של אלקנים
Oxymercuration–reduction of alkenes is one of the major reactions converting alkenes to alcohols. It involves the hydration of alkenes with mercuric ...
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הידרובורציה-חמצון של אלקנים
In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary ...
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רגיוסלקטיביות וסטריאוכימיה של הידרובורציה
A significant aspect of hydroboration–oxidation is the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted ...
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חמצון אלקנים: Syn Dihydroxylation עם Osmium Tetraoxide
Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double ...
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חמצון של אלקנים: syn dihydroxylation עם permanganate אשלגן
Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate. The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of ...
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חמצון אלקנים: אנטי דיהידרוקסילציה עם חומצות פרוקסי
Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti ...
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מחשוף חמצוני של אלקנים: אוזונוליזה
In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
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הפחתה של אלקנים: הידרוגנציה קטליטית
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a ...
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הפחתה של אלקנים: הידרוגנציה קטליטית אסימטרית
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of ...
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