7.20 : Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation

Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) are essential methods in respiratory care. These ventilation techniques offer unique benefits for patients with various respiratory conditions, providing adequate support without requiring intubation. Let's explore how each method is crucial in improving patient outcomes and enhancing respiratory therapy.

Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV)

NIPPV is a method of positive pressure ventilation that does not require intubation. It involves using facemasks or nasal devices to maintain prescribed pressure, reducing the risk of nosocomial infections. This method is suitable for patients with acute or chronic respiratory failure, acute pulmonary edema, COPD, chronic heart failure, or sleep-related breathing disorders.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

CPAP maintains a constant positive pressure in the airways throughout the breathing cycle, helping to keep alveoli open and prevent respiratory failure. This method is especially beneficial in treating obstructive sleep apnea, ensuring the airways remain open during sleep.

Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP)

BiPAP offers independent control of inspiratory and expiratory pressures while providing pressure support ventilation. It delivers two levels of positive airway pressure via a nasal or oral mask, nasal pillow, or mouthpiece with a tight seal and a portable ventilator. BiPAP is often used for patients who require ventilatory assistance at night.

Each type has advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on the patient's clinical condition, comfort, and the healthcare provider's expertise.