Chapter 20
The Special Senses
Introduction aux sens spéciaux
Humans have five special senses—vision, smell, taste, hearing, and equilibrium. All these senses have anatomically distinct receptors to detect ...
Structures accessoires de l’œil
The accessory structures of the eyes protect and support the eye but are not directly involved in vision.
Eyebrows, ...
Anatomie du globe oculaire
The eyeball is a hollow fluid-filled structure composed of three layers—the fibrous, vascular, and inner layers.
The superficial fibrous layer has ...
Focalisation de la lumière dans l’œil
In a normal human eye, as light rays enter, they bend at the cornea, and the lens, to form an inverted image on the retina. The extent to which rays ...
Photorécepteurs et voies visuelles
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane ...
Récepteurs olfactifs : emplacement et structure
The olfactory organ is situated on the roof of the nasal cavity. It covers the superior nasal concha on each side of the nasal septum.
It consists of the ...
Physiologie de l’odorat et de la voie olfactive
The olfactory organs are responsible for the olfaction or sense of smell.
The process of olfaction begins as olfactory cilia capture the odorant ...
Papilles gustatives et récepteurs
Taste buds—the sensory organs of the taste—are oval-shaped structures consisting of two major types of epithelial cells.
Gustatory epithelial ...
La physiologie du goût
Taste physiology begins when the tastants — the chemicals that stimulate gustatory receptor cells — dissolve in saliva, diffuse through the ...
Anatomie de l’oreille
The human ear has three important regions— external, middle, and internal.
The external ear consists of the cartilaginous auricle and the auditory ...
Voie auditive
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory ...
Équilibre et équilibre
The body position and balance are detected by specialized organs in the inner ear. These include the utricle and saccule of the vestibule and the ...
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