Name: synthesis and reaction chemistry of nanosize monosodium titanate
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The authors thank the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) for funding. We thank Dr. Fernando Fondeur for collection and interpretation of the FT-IR spectra and Dr. John Seaman of the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory for the use of the DLS instrument for particle size measurements. We also thank the Dr. Daniel Chan of the University of Washington and the National Institute of Health (Grant #1R01DE021373-01), for funding experiments investigating the ion exchange reactions with Au(III). The Savannah River National Laboratory is operated by Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, LLC for the Department of Energy under contract DE-AC09-08SR22470.

1. Síntesis de titanato de Nano-monosódico (nMST) <ol><li> Preparar 10 ml de la solución # 1 mediante la adición de 0,58 ml de solución de metóxido de sodio al 25% en peso a 7,62 ml de isopropanol, seguido de 1,8 ml de isopropóxido de titanio. </li><li> Preparar 10 ml de la solución # 2 mediante la adición de 0,24 ml de agua ultrapura a 9,76 ml de isopropanol. </li><li> Añadir 280 ml de isopropanol en un matraz de fondo redondo de 3 bocas de 500 ml, seguido de 0,44 ml de Triton X-100 (PM medio: 625 g / mol). Agitar bien la solución con una barra de agitación magnética. </li><li> Preparar una bomba de jeringa doble canal para entregar soluciones # 1 y # 2 a una velocidad de 0,333 ml / min. </li><li> soluciones de carga # 1 y # 2 en dos jeringas de 10 ml separados y provistos de un tramo de tubo que va a permitir la entrega de la solución de la bomba de jeringa por debajo del nivel de la solución en el matraz de fondo redondo de 500 ml. </li><li> Mientras se agita, añadir todas las soluciones # 1 y # 2 (10 ml cada una) a la reacción, mediante la bomba de jeringa programado en el paso 1.4. </li> &lt;li&gt; Después de la adición es completa, la tapa el matraz y se continúa agitando durante 24 horas a RT. </li><li> Destape el matraz y calentar la mezcla de reacción a ~ 82 ° C (isopropanol a reflujo) para 45 a 90 min, seguido de purga con nitrógeno mientras se mantiene el calentamiento. A medida que se evapora el isopropanol, añadir agua ultrapura forma intermitente para sustituir el isopropanol se evaporó. </li><li> Después de la mayor parte del isopropanol se haya evaporado y el volumen de agua añadida es de aproximadamente 50 ml, eliminar el calor y permitir que la mezcla de reacción se enfríe. </li><li> Recoger el producto por filtración a través de un papel de filtro de nylon 0,1-m, y se lava varias veces con agua para eliminar el tensioactivo y cualquier isopropanol residual. No filtrar a sequedad. Después del lavado se ha completado, la transferencia de la suspensión del filtro en una botella o vial previamente pesado, y almacenar como una suspensión acuosa. </li><li> Determinar el rendimiento mediante la determinación de los sólidos por ciento en peso de la suspensión. Esto se puede hacer midiendo el peso de una parte alícuota dela suspensión antes y después del secado. </li></ol> 2. Au (III) de intercambio iónico <ol><li> Transferir 6,50 g de 4,23% en peso de suspensión nMST a un tubo de centrífuga de 50 ml. Esta cantidad puede variar en función del porcentaje en peso real de la suspensión producida en la etapa nMST 1.10 y determinada en la etapa 1.11. </li><li> Pesar 0,0659 g de HAuCl4 · 3H 2 O en un vial de vidrio de 1 dram. El objetivo Ti: relación de masa Au es 4: 1. </li><li> Se disuelve el HAuCl4 · 3H 2 O en ~ 1 ml de agua, a continuación, transferir al tubo de centrífuga que contiene la nMST. Enjuague las envase varias veces con agua adicional para asegurar que todos los HAuCl4 · 3H 2 O es transferida al tubo de centrífuga que contiene el nMST. </li><li> Se diluye la suspensión con agua adicional, según sea necesario, para llevar el volumen total a 11 ml. Objetivo a una concentración final Au (III) de aproximadamente 15 mM. </li><li> Envolver el tubo de centrífuga en papel de aluminio para mantener la suspensión en la oscuridad, unad continuación, secar la suspensión en un asador agitador durante un mínimo de 4 días. </li><li> Recoger el producto por centrifugación a 3000 xg durante 15 min para aislar los sólidos. Lavar los sólidos tres veces con agua destilada mediante redispersión en agua, y reaislar por centrifugación a 3000 xg durante 15 min para eliminar cualquier Au unexchanged (III). </li><li> Almacenar el producto final, ya sea como una suspensión acuosa mediante redispersión en agua, o como un sólido húmedo por decantación el agua de lavado final y taponado del tubo. Almacenar el producto en la oscuridad. </li></ol> 3. Preparación de la Peroxotitanate <ol><li> Transferencia de 5 g de una suspensión de 9,8% en peso de nMST a un pequeño matraz. </li><li> Pesar 0,154 g de solución al 30% en peso de H 2 O 2. El H 2 O 2 de destino: relación molar Ti es 0,25: 1. </li><li> Mientras se agita la suspensión nMST bien añadir el 0,154 g de H 2 O 2 solución gota a gota. Al H 2 O 2 Además, la suspensión de WHIsólidos de te convierte inmediatamente amarilla. </li><li> Después de que la adición es completa la reacción se agita a temperatura ambiente durante 24 hr. </li><li> Recoger el producto por filtración a través de un filtro de nylon 0,1-m, y se lava varias veces con agua para eliminar cualquier H sin reaccionar 2 O 2. No filtrar a sequedad. Después del lavado se ha completado, la transferencia de la suspensión del filtro en una botella o vial previamente pesado, y almacenar como una suspensión acuosa. </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

La presencia de agua procedente del exterior, por ejemplo a partir de reactivos impuros, puede alterar el resultado de la reacción, lo que lleva a las partículas más grandes o más polidispersos. Por lo tanto, se debe tener cuidado para asegurar que se utilizan reactivos secos. El isopropóxido de titanio y metóxido de sodio deben ser almacenados en un desecador cuando no esté en uso. isopropanol de alta pureza también se debe utilizar para la síntesis. Se encontró Temperatura a dese...

Titanatos de dióxido de titanio y de metales alcalinos se utilizan ampliamente en una variedad de aplicaciones tales como pigmentos en pinturas y productos de cuidado de la piel y como fotocatalizadores en la conversión de energía y la utilización. 1-3 titanatos de sodio han demostrado ser materiales eficaces para eliminar una variedad de cationes en un amplio intervalo de condiciones de pH a través de reacciones de intercambio de cationes. 4-7 Además de las aplicaciones que acaban de describirse, micrones de tamaño titanatos de sodio y peroxotitanates sodio recientemente se ha demostrado que sirva también como una plataforma de suministro de metal terapéutico. En esta aplicación, los iones metálicos terapéuticos tales como Au (III), Au (I), y Pt (II) se intercambian por los iones de sodio de titanato monosódico (MST). Las pruebas in vitro con los titanatos intercambiadas con metales nobles indican supresión de el crecimiento del cáncer y las células bacterianas por un mecanismo desconocido. 8,9 Históricamente, titanatos de sodio han seren producido usando tanto técnicas sintéticas hidrotermales resultantes en polvos finos con tamaños de partícula que van desde unos pocos a varios cientos de micras de sol-gel y. 4,5,10,11 Más recientemente, métodos de síntesis se ha informado que produce dióxido de titanio nanosize, metales óxidos de titanio dopados, y una variedad de otros titanatos de metal. Los ejemplos incluyen los nanotubos de óxido de titanio de sodio (NaTONT) o nanocables por reacción de dióxido de titanio en hidróxido de sodio en exceso a temperatura y presión elevadas, 12-14 de sodio de titanato de nanofibras mediante la reacción de ácido peroxotitanic con hidróxido de sodio en exceso a temperatura elevada y presión, 15 y sodio y nanofibras de delaminación de titanatos-ácido intercambiado micras de tamaño de cesio titanato. 16 La síntesis de titanatos nanosize de sodio y peroxotitanates de sodio es de interés para mejorar la cinética de intercambio iónico, que normalmente están controladas por difusión película o diffu intrapartículasión. Estos mecanismos están controlados en gran medida por el tamaño de partícula del intercambiador de iones. Además, como una plataforma de suministro de metal terapéutico, se espera que el tamaño de partícula del material de titanato de afectar significativamente a la naturaleza de la interacción entre el titanato intercambiadas con metales y el cáncer y células bacterianas. Por ejemplo, las células bacterianas, que son típicamente del orden de 0,5 a 2 micras, probablemente tendrían diferentes interacciones con partículas de tamaño micrón frente a partículas nanométricas. Además, las células eucariotas no fagocíticas se han mostrado sólo para internalizar partículas con un tamaño de menos de 1 micra. 17 Por lo tanto, la síntesis de titanatos de sodio de tamaño nanométrico también es de interés para facilitar la entrega de metal y la captación celular de la plataforma de entrega de titanato. La reducción del tamaño de titanatos de sodio y peroxotitanates también aumentará la capacidad efectiva en las separaciones de iones de metales y mejorar las propiedades fotoquímicas del material. 16,18 &lt;/ sup&gt; Este documento describe un protocolo desarrollado para sintetizar nanosize monosódico titanato (nMST) en condiciones de sol-gel suaves 19 La preparación del peróxido correspondiente modificado nMST.; junto con una reacción de intercambio de iones para cargar el nMST con Au (III) también se describen.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Titanium(IV) isopropoxide</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>377996</td><td>99.999% trace metals basis</td></tr><tr><td>Isopropyl alcholol, 99.9%</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>650447</td><td>HPLC grade (Chomasolv)</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium methoxide in methanol</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>156256</td><td>25 wt%</td></tr><tr><td>Triton X-100</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>T9284</td><td>BioXtra</td></tr><tr><td>hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) trihydrate</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>G4022</td><td>ACS reagent grade</td></tr><tr><td>hydrogen peroxide (30&amp;nbsp;wt%)</td><td>Fisher</td><td>H325</td><td>Certified ACS</td></tr><tr><td>10-ml syringes</td><td>Fisher</td><td>14-823-16E</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dual channel syringe pump</td><td>Cole Parmer</td><td>EW-74900-10</td><td>Or equivalent programmable dual channel syringe pump</td></tr><tr><td>Tygon tubing 1/8 inch ID, 1/4 inch OD</td><td>Cole Parmer</td><td>EW-0640776</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tygon tubing 1/16 inch ID, 1/8 inch OD</td><td>Cole Parmer</td><td>EW-0740771</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.1-&amp;micro;m Nylon filter</td><td>Fisher</td><td>R01SP04700</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Labquake shaker rotisserie</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>4002110Q</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

synthesis and reaction chemistry of nanosize monosodium titanate

En este trabajo se describe la síntesis y peróxido de modificación de titanato nanosize monosódico (nMST), junto con una reacción de intercambio de iones para cargar el material con iones Au (III). El método de síntesis se deriva de un proceso de sol-gel usado para producir micrones de tamaño monosódico titanato (MST), con varias modificaciones clave, incluyendo la alteración de las concentraciones de reactivos, la omisión de una etapa de semilla de partículas, y la introducción de un agente tensioactivo no iónico para facilitar el control de formación de partículas y el crecimiento. El material resultante presenta nMST morfología de las partículas de forma esférica con una distribución monodispersa de diámetros de partícula en el intervalo de 100 a 150 nm. Se encontró que el material de nMST a tener un área superficial de Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) de 285 m 2 g -1, que es más de un orden de magnitud más alto que el MST-micras de tamaño. El punto isoeléctrico de la nMST mide 3,34 unidades de pH, que es una unidad de pH más bajo que el medido para el micras de tamaño MST. Tque nMST se encontró material a servir como un intercambiador de iones eficaz bajo condiciones débilmente ácidas para la preparación de un Au (III) nanotitanate -Tema. Además, la formación de la correspondiente peroxotitanate se demostró mediante la reacción del nMST con peróxido de hidrógeno.

MST se sintetiza utilizando un método de sol-gel en la que (IV) (TIPT) se combinan, metóxido de sodio, y agua tetraisopropoxititanio y se hace reaccionar en isopropanol para formar partículas de siembra de MST. 4 partículas de tamaño micrométrico se cultivan mediante la adición controlada de adicional cantidades de los reactivos. Las partículas resultantes tienen un núcleo amorfo y una región fibrosa externa que tiene dimensiones de aproximadamente 10 nm de ancho por 50 nm de longitud. 20...

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Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Nanosize Monosodium Titanate

The surfactant mediated sol-gel synthesis of nanosized monosodium titanate is described, along with preparation of the corresponding peroxide modified material. An ion-exchange reaction with Au(III) is also presented.

Síntesis y Reacción Química de tamaño nanométrico monosódico titanato

This paper describes the synthesis and peroxide-modification of nanosize monosodium titanate (nMST), along with an ion-exchange reaction to load the ...

synthesis-and-reaction-chemistry-of-nanosize-monosodium-titanate

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

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Analytical Chemistry

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Chemical Equilibria

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8.6K vistas.  Savannah River Consulting, L.L.C.. The surfactant mediated sol-gel synthesis of nanosized monosodium titanate is described, along with preparation of the corresponding peroxide modified material. An ion-exchange reaction with Au(III) is also presented.

Video: Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Nanosize Monosodium Titanate

Preparation of Silica Nanoparticles Through Microwave-assisted Acid-catalysis

Microwave-assisted synthetic techniques were used to quickly and reproducibly produce silica nanoparticle sols using an acid catalyst with nanoparticle diameters ranging from 30-250 nm by varying the reaction conditions. Through the selection of a microwave compatible solvent, silicic acid precursor, catalyst, and microwave irradiation time, these microwave-assisted methods were capable of overcoming the previously reported shortcomings associated with synthesis of silica nanoparticles using microwave reactors. The siloxane precursor was hydrolyzed using the acid catalyst, HCl. Acetone, a low-tan &#948; solvent, mediates the condensation reactions and has minimal interaction with the electromagnetic field. Condensation reactions begin when the silicic acid precursor couples with the microwave radiation, leading to silica nanoparticle sol formation. The silica nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering data and scanning electron microscopy, which show the materials&#39; morphology and size to be dependent on the reaction conditions. Microwave-assisted reactions produce silica nanoparticles with roughened textured surfaces that are atypical for silica sols produced by St&#246;ber&#39;s methods, which have smooth surfaces.

Silica nanoparticles were prepared using acid-catalysis of a siloxane precursor and microwave-assisted synthetic techniques resulting in the controlled growth of nanomaterials ranging from 30-250 nm in diameter. The growth dynamics can be controlled by varying the initial silicic acid concentration, time of the reaction, and temperature of reaction.

Microwave-assisted synthetic techniques were used to quickly and reproducibly produce silica nanoparticle sols using an acid catalyst with nanoparticle ...

Investigación

Química

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides

Complex materials such as high Tc superconductors, multiferroics, and colossal magnetoresistors have electronic and magnetic properties that arise from the inherent strong electron correlations that reside within them. These materials can also possess electronic phase separation in which regions of vastly different resistive and magnetic behavior can coexist within a single crystal alloy material. By reducing the scale of these materials to length scales at and below the inherent size of the electronic domains, novel behaviors can be exposed. Because of this and the fact that spin-charge-lattice-orbital order parameters each involve correlation lengths, spatially reducing these materials for transport measurements is a critical step in understanding the fundamental physics that drives complex behaviors. These materials also offer great potential to become the next generation of electronic devices 1-3. Thus, the fabrication of low dimensional nano- or micro-structures is extremely important to achieve new functionality. This involves multiple controllable processes from high quality thin film growth to accurate electronic property characterization. Here, we present fabrication protocols of high quality microstructures for complex oxide manganite devices. Detailed descriptions and required equipment of thin film growth, photo-lithography, and wire-bonding are presented.

We describe the use of pulsed laser deposition (PLD), photolithography and wire-bonding techniques to create micrometer scale complex oxides devices. The PLD is utilized to grow epitaxial thin films. Photolithography and wire-bonding techniques are introduced to create practical devices for measurement purposes.

La fabricación de óxidos complejos espacialmente confinados

Complex materials such as high Tc superconductors, multiferroics, and colossal magnetoresistors have electronic and magnetic properties that arise from ...

Ingeniería

Atomically Defined Templates for Epitaxial Growth of Complex Oxide Thin Films

Atomically defined substrate surfaces are prerequisite for the epitaxial growth of complex oxide thin films. In this protocol, two approaches to obtain such surfaces are described. The first approach is the preparation of single terminated perovskite SrTiO3 (001) and DyScO3 (110) substrates. Wet etching was used to selectively remove one of the two possible surface terminations, while an annealing step was used to increase the smoothness of the surface. The resulting single terminated surfaces allow for the heteroepitaxial growth of perovskite oxide thin films with high crystalline quality and well-defined interfaces between substrate and film. In the second approach, seed layers for epitaxial film growth on arbitrary substrates were created by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition of nanosheets. As model system Ca2Nb3O10- nanosheets were used, prepared by delamination of their layered parent compound HCa2Nb3O10. A key advantage of creating seed layers with nanosheets is that relatively expensive and size-limited single crystalline substrates can be replaced by virtually any substrate material.

Various procedures are outlined to prepare atomically defined templates for epitaxial growth of complex oxide thin films. Chemical treatments of single crystalline SrTiO3 (001) and DyScO3 (110) substrates were performed to obtain atomically smooth, single terminated surfaces. Ca2 Nb3 O10- nanosheets were used to create atomically defined templates on arbitrary substrates.

Plantillas Atómicamente definidos para crecimiento epitaxial de óxido complejo Películas Delgadas

Atomically defined substrate surfaces are prerequisite for the epitaxial growth of complex oxide thin films. In this protocol, two approaches to obtain ...

Preparation and Use of Photocatalytically Active Segmented Ag|ZnO and Coaxial TiO2-Ag Nanowires Made by Templated Electrodeposition

Photocatalytically active nanostructures require a large specific surface area with the presence of many catalytically active sites for the oxidation and reduction half reactions, and fast electron (hole) diffusion and charge separation. Nanowires present suitable architectures to meet these requirements. Axially segmented Ag|ZnO and radially segmented (coaxial) TiO2-Ag nanowires with a diameter of 200 nm and a length of 6-20 &#181;m were made by templated electrodeposition within the pores of polycarbonate track-etched (PCTE) or anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes, respectively. In the photocatalytic experiments, the ZnO and TiO2 phases acted as photoanodes, and Ag as cathode. No external circuit is needed to connect both electrodes, which is a key advantage over conventional photo-electrochemical cells. For making segmented Ag|ZnO nanowires, the Ag salt electrolyte was replaced after formation of the Ag segment to form a ZnO segment attached to the Ag segment. For making coaxial TiO2-Ag nanowires, a TiO2 gel was first formed by the electrochemically induced sol-gel method. Drying and thermal annealing of the as-formed TiO2 gel resulted in the formation of crystalline TiO2 nanotubes. A subsequent Ag electrodeposition step inside the TiO2 nanotubes resulted in formation of coaxial TiO2-Ag nanowires. Due to the combination of an n-type semiconductor (ZnO or TiO2) and a metal (Ag) within the same nanowire, a Schottky barrier was created at the interface between the phases. To demonstrate the photocatalytic activity of these nanowires, the Ag|ZnO nanowires were used in a photocatalytic experiment in which H2 gas was detected upon UV illumination of the nanowires dispersed in a methanol/water mixture. After 17 min&#160;of illumination, approximately 0.2 vol% H2 gas was detected from a suspension of ~0.1 g of Ag|ZnO nanowires in a 50 ml 80 vol% aqueous methanol solution.

Preparation and Use of Photocatalytically Active Segmented Ag|ZnO and Coaxial TiO2-Ag Nanowires Made by Templated Electrodeposition

Procedures are outlined to prepare segmented and coaxial nanowires via templated electrodeposition in nanopores. As examples, segmented nanowires consisting of Ag and ZnO segments, and coaxial nanowires consisting of a TiO2 shell and a Ag core were made. The nanowires were used in photocatalytic hydrogen formation experiments.

Preparación y uso de fotocatalíticamente activo segmentado Ag | ZnO y coaxial de TiO<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; AG-nanocables hechos por electrodeposición con plantilla

Photocatalytically active nanostructures require a large specific surface area with the presence of many catalytically active sites for the oxidation and ...

Reverse Microemulsion-mediated Synthesis of Monometallic and Bimetallic Early Transition Metal Carbide and Nitride Nanoparticles

A reverse microemulsion is used to encapsulate monometallic or bimetallic early transition metal oxide nanoparticles in microporous silica shells. The silica-encapsulated metal oxide nanoparticles are then carburized in a methane/hydrogen atmosphere at temperatures over 800 &#176;C to form silica-encapsulated early transition metal carbide nanoparticles. During the carburization process, the silica shells prevent the sintering of adjacent carbide nanoparticles while also preventing the deposition of excess surface carbon. Alternatively, the silica-encapsulated metal oxide nanoparticles can be nitridized in an ammonia atmosphere at temperatures over 800 &#176;C to form silica-encapsulated early transition metal nitride nanoparticles. By adjusting the reverse microemulsion parameters, the thickness of the silica shells, and the carburization/nitridation conditions, the transition metal carbide or nitride nanoparticles can be tuned to various sizes, compositions, and crystal phases. After carburization or nitridation, the silica shells are then removed using either a room-temperature aqueous ammonium bifluoride solution or a 0.1 to 0.5 M NaOH solution at 40-60 &#176;C. While the silica shells are dissolving, a high surface area support, such as carbon black, can be added to these solutions to obtain supported early transition metal carbide or nitride nanoparticles. If no high surface area support is added, then the nanoparticles can be stored as a nanodispersion or centrifuged to obtain a nanopowder.

A &#8220;removable ceramic coating method&#8221; is presented in visual format for the synthesis of non-sintered and metal-terminated monometallic and bimetallic early transition metal carbide and nitride nanoparticles with tunable sizes and crystal structures.

Síntesis microemulsión inversa mediada de monometálicos y bimetálico temprana de metal de transición de carburo y nitruro de nanopartículas

A reverse microemulsion is used to encapsulate monometallic or bimetallic early transition metal oxide nanoparticles in microporous silica shells. The ...

Synthesis and Characterization of Fe-doped Aluminosilicate Nanotubes with Enhanced Electron Conductive Properties

The goal of the protocol is to synthesize Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes of the imogolite type with the formula (OH)3Al2-xFexO3SiOH. Doping with Fe aims at lowering the band gap of imogolite, an insulator with the chemical formula (OH)3Al2O3SiOH, and at modifying its adsorption properties towards azo-dyes, an important class of organic pollutants of both wastewater and groundwater.
Fe-doped nanotubes are obtained in two ways: by direct synthesis, where FeCl3 is added to an aqueous mixture of the Si and Al precursors, and by post-synthesis loading, where preformed nanotubes are put in contact with a FeCl3&#8226;6H2O aqueous solution. In both synthesis methods, isomorphic substitution of Al3+ by Fe3+ occurs, preserving the nanotube structure. Isomorphic substitution is indeed limited to a mass fraction of ~1.0% Fe, since at a higher Fe content (i.e., a mass fraction of 1.4% Fe), Fe2O3 clusters form, especially when the loading procedure is adopted. The physicochemical properties of the materials are studied by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption isotherms at -196 &#176;C, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), diffuse reflectance (DR) UV-Vis spectroscopy, and &#950;-potential measurements. The most relevant result is the possibility to replace Al3+ ions (located on the outer surface of the nanotubes) by post-synthesis loading on preformed imogolite without perturbing the delicate hydrolysis equilibria occurring during nanotube formation. During the loading procedure, an anionic exchange occurs, where Al3+ ions on the outer surface of the nanotubes are replaced by Fe3+ ions. In Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes, isomorphic substitution of Al3+ by Fe3+ is found to affect the band gap of doped imogolite. Nonetheless, Fe3+ sites on the outer surface of nanotubes are able to coordinate organic moieties, like the azo-dye Acid Orange 7, through a ligand-displacement mechanism occurring in an aqueous solution.

Here, we present a protocol to synthesize and characterize Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes. The materials are obtained by either sol-gel synthesis upon addition of FeCl3&#8226;6H2O to the mixture containing the Si and Al precursors or by post-synthesis ionic exchange of preformed aluminosilicate nanotubes.

Síntesis y caracterización de dopado con Fe aluminosilicato nanotubos con propiedades conductoras mejoradas Electron

The goal of the protocol is to synthesize Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes of the imogolite type with the formula (OH)3Al2-xFexO3SiOH. Doping with Fe ...

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

Combinations of metal oxide semiconductors and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated as new types of materials. The in situ synthesis of AuNPs within the interlayer space of semiconducting layered titania nanosheet (TNS) films was investigated here. Two types of intermediate films (i.e., TNS films containing methyl viologen (TNS/MV2+) and 2-ammoniumethanethiol (TNS/2-AET+)) were prepared. The two intermediate films were soaked in an aqueous tetrachloroauric(III) acid (HAuCl4) solution, whereby considerable amounts of Au(III) species were accommodated within the interlayer spaces of the TNS films. The two types of obtained films were then soaked in an aqueous sodium tetrahydroborate (NaBH4) solution, whereupon the color of the films immediately changed from colorless to purple, suggesting the formation of AuNPs within the TNS interlayer. When only TNS/MV2+ was used as the intermediate film, the color of the film gradually changed from metallic purple to dusty purple within 30 min, suggesting that aggregation of AuNPs had occurred. In contrast, this color change was suppressed by using the TNS/2-AET+ intermediate film, and the AuNPs were stabilized for over 4 months, as evidenced by the characteristic extinction (absorption and scattering) band from the AuNPs.

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

Here, we present a protocol for the in situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) within the interlayer space of layered titanate films without the aggregation of AuNPs. No spectral change was observed even after 4 months. The synthesized material has expected applications in catalysis, photo-catalysis, and the development of cost-effective plasmonic devices.

In Situ Síntesis de nanopartículas de oro sin agregación en el espacio entre capas de Capas de titanato películas transparentes

Combinations of metal oxide semiconductors and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated as new types of materials. The in situ synthesis of AuNPs ...

The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance

The chemical bonding of particulate photocatalysts to supporting material surfaces is of great importance in engineering more efficient and practical photocatalytic structures. However, the influence of such chemical bonding on the optical and surface properties of the photocatalyst and thus its photocatalytic activity/reaction selectivity behavior has not been systematically studied. In this investigation, TiO2 has been supported on the surface of SiO2 by means of two different methods: (i) by the in situ formation of TiO2 in the presence of sand quartz via a sol-gel method employing tetrabutyl orthotitanium (TBOT); and (ii) by binding the commercial TiO2 powder to quartz on a surface silica gel layer formed from the reaction of quartz with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). For comparison, TiO2 nanoparticles were also deposited on the surfaces of a more reactive SiO2 prepared by a hydrolysis-controlled sol-gel technique as well as through a sol-gel route from TiO2 and SiO2 precursors. The combination of TiO2 and SiO2, through interfacial Ti-O-Si bonds, was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and the photocatalytic activities of the obtained composites were tested for photocatalytic degradation of NO according to the ISO standard method (ISO 22197&#8722;1). The electron microscope images of the obtained materials showed that variable photocatalyst coverage of the support surface can successfully be achieved but the photocatalytic activity towards NO removal was found to be affected by the preparation method and the nitrate selectivity is adversely affected by Ti-O-Si bonding.

The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance

The focus of the present work is to establish means to generate and quantify levels of Ti-O-Si linkages and to correlate these with the photocatalytic properties of the supported TiO2.

El efecto de la unión química interfacial en TiO<sub2</sub&gt; -SiO<sub2</sub&gt; Composites en su desempeño fotocatalítico de reducción de NOx

The chemical bonding of particulate photocatalysts to supporting material surfaces is of great importance in engineering more efficient and practical ...

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain

Barium titanate (BaTiO3, hereafter BT) is an established ferroelectric material first discovered in the 1940s and still widely used because of its well-balanced ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and dielectric constant. In addition, BT does not contain any toxic elements. Therefore, it is considered to be an eco-friendly material, which has attracted considerable interest as a replacement for lead zirconate titanate (PZT). However, bulk BT loses its ferroelectricity at approximately 130 &#176;C, thus, it cannot be used at high temperatures. Because of the growing demand for high-temperature ferroelectric materials, it is important to enhance the thermal stability of ferroelectricity in BT. In previous studies, strain originating from the lattice mismatch at hetero-interfaces has been used. However, the sample preparation in this approach requires complicated and expensive physical processes, which are undesirable for practical applications.
In this study, we propose a chemical synthesis of a porous material as an alternative means of introducing strain. We synthesized a porous BT thin film using a surfactant-assisted sol-gel method, in which self-assembled amphipathic surfactant micelles were used as an organic template. Through a series of studies, we clarified that the introduction of pores had a similar effect on distorting the BT crystal lattice, to that of a hetero-interface, leading to the enhancement and stabilization of ferroelectricity. Owing to its simplicity and cost effectiveness, this fabrication process has considerable advantages over conventional methods.

Here, we present a protocol for the synthesis of porous barium titanate (BaTiO3) thin film by a surfactant-assisted sol-gel method, in which self-assembled amphipathic surfactant micelles are used as an organic template.

Síntesis química de película delgada de titanato de bario poroso y estabilización térmica de la fase ferroeléctrica por tensión inducida por la porosidad

Barium titanate (BaTiO3, hereafter BT) is an established ferroelectric material first discovered in the 1940s and still widely used because of its ...

Manganese Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesis by Thermal Decomposition of Manganese(II) Acetylacetonate

For biomedical applications, metal oxide nanoparticles such as iron oxide and manganese oxide (MnO), have been used as biosensors and contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). While iron oxide nanoparticles provide constant negative contrast on MRI over typical experimental timeframes, MnO generates switchable positive contrast on MRI through dissolution of MnO to Mn2+ at low pH within cell endosomes to &#8216;turn ON&#8217; MRI contrast. This protocol describes a one-pot synthesis of MnO nanoparticles formed by thermal decomposition of manganese(II) acetylacetonate in oleylamine and dibenzyl ether. Although running the synthesis of MnO nanoparticles is simple, the initial experimental setup can be difficult to reproduce if detailed instructions are not provided. Thus, the glassware and tubing assembly is first thoroughly described to allow other investigators to easily reproduce the setup. The synthesis method incorporates a temperature controller to achieve automated and precise manipulation of the desired temperature profile, which will impact resulting nanoparticle size and chemistry. The thermal decomposition protocol can be readily adapted to generate other metal oxide nanoparticles (e.g., iron oxide) and to include alternative organic solvents and stabilizers (e.g., oleic acid). In addition, the ratio of organic solvent to stabilizer can be changed to further impact nanoparticle properties, which is shown herein. Synthesized MnO nanoparticles are characterized for morphology, size, bulk composition, and surface composition through transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The MnO nanoparticles synthesized by this method will be hydrophobic and must be further manipulated through ligand exchange, polymeric encapsulation, or lipid capping to incorporate hydrophilic groups for interaction with biological fluids and tissues.

Manganese Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesis by Thermal Decomposition of ManganeseII Acetylacetonate

This protocol details a facile, one-pot synthesis of manganese oxide (MnO) nanoparticles by thermal decomposition of manganese(II) acetylacetonate in the presence of oleylamine and dibenzyl ether. MnO nanoparticles have been utilized in diverse applications including magnetic resonance imaging, biosensing, catalysis, batteries, and waste water treatment.

Síntesis de nanopartículas de óxido de manganeso por descomposición térmica de manganeso(II) acetilacetonato

For biomedical applications, metal oxide nanoparticles such as iron oxide and manganese oxide (MnO), have been used as biosensors and contrast agents in ...

Síntesis y Reacción Química de tamaño nanométrico monosódico titanato

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