Science Education - Advanced Biology
Cell Biology

An Introduction to Cell Division
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides and gives rise to two or more daughter cells. It is a means of reproduction for single-cell ...

Cell Cycle Analysis
Cell cycle refers to the set of events through which a cell grows, replicates its genome, and ultimately divides into two daughter cells through the ...

Live Cell Imaging of Mitosis
Mitosis is a form of cell division in which a cell’s genetic material is divided equally between two daughter cells. Mitosis can be broken down into ...

An Introduction to Cell Motility and Migration
Cell motility and migration play important roles in both normal biology and in disease. On one hand, migration allows cells to generate complex tissues ...

The Transwell Migration Assay
Cells migration in response to chemical cues is crucial to development, immunity and disease states such as cancer. To quantify cell migration, a simple ...

Invasion Assay Using 3D Matrices
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a network of molecules that provide a structural framework for cells and tissues and helps facilitate intercellular ...

An Introduction to Endocytosis and Exocytosis
Cells can take in substances from the extracellular environment by endocytosis and actively release molecules into it by exocytosis. Such processes ...

Cell-surface Biotinylation Assay
A cell can regulate the amount of particular proteins on its cell membrane through endocytosis, following which cell surface proteins are effectively ...

FM Dyes in Vesicle Recycling
FM dyes are a class of fluorescent molecules that has found important use in studying the vesicle recycling process. By virtue of a chemical structure, ...

An Introduction to Cell Metabolism
In cells, critical molecules are either built by joining together individual units like amino acids or nucleotides, or broken down into smaller ...

The ATP Bioluminescence Assay
In fireflies, the luciferase enzyme converts a compound called luciferin into oxyluciferin, and produces light or “luminescence” as a result. ...

Detecting Reactive Oxygen Species
Reactive oxygen species are chemically active, oxygen-derived molecules capable of oxidizing other molecules. Because of their reactive nature, there are ...

An Introduction to Cell Death
Necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagic cell death are all manners in which cells can die, and these mechanisms can be induced by different stimuli, such as ...

The TUNEL Assay
One of the hallmarks of apoptosis is the nuclear DNA fragmentation by nucleases. These enzymes are activated by caspases, the family of proteins that ...

Annexin V and Propidium Iodide Labeling
Staining with annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) provides researchers with a way to identify different types of cell death—either necrosis or ...