Name: the cutting and floating method for paraffin-embedded tissue for sectioning
Uploaded: 2018-09-05T15:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 5 min
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Cutting and Floating Method for Paraffin-embedded Tissue for Sectioning at JoVE.com

Diese Arbeit wurde unterstützt von der National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nr. 31400936, 31460260) und der naturwissenschaftlichen Grundlage der Jiangxi Provinz in China (20171BAB215020). Wir danken auch das gemeinsame Programm zwischen Nanchang University und Queen Mary University of London für diese Arbeit zu unterstützen.

Alle hier beschriebene Methoden wurden von der Animal Care und Nutzung Ausschuss von Nanchang University genehmigt.
1. Montieren Sie das Gerät und schließen Sie das Mikrotom
<ol><li>Entwerfen Sie den Parameter gemäß den Anforderungen (ergänzende Abbildung 1).</li>
	<li>Einreichen des Parameters zu einer Fabrik zur Herstellung von Acryl-Boards.</li>
	<li>Montieren Sie alle Teile in der Reihenfolge: Verwenden Sie Chloroform, um 7 gewerbliche Acryl Boards in einen Tank mit einem Abschnitt Kanal und Wasser Bad (Abbildung 1) zu kombinieren. Achtung: Chloroform produziert giftige Substanzen trifft es Licht und Sauerstoff. Montieren Sie das Gerät in einer Dampfhaube.</li>
	<li>Installieren Sie die röhrenförmigen elektrisches Heizelement durch das Loch in Acryl Board #1 (Abbildung 2A, Pfeilspitze).</li>
	<li>Um die Temperatur-Controller zu installieren, erstellen Sie ein kleines Loch auf der #2 Acryl Board mit einer elektrischen Bohrmaschine, und installieren Sie den Temperatur-Detektor (Abbildung 2A, Pfeil). Installieren Sie ein digitales Thermostat auf dem Tank (Abbildung 2A). Hinweis: Die Temperatur-Detektor sollte innerhalb 1 cm unterhalb der Wasseroberfläche liegen.</li>
	<li>Um Kraft zugreifen, passen Sie die Spannung unter 24 V bevor Sie das Gerät einschalten.</li>
	<li>Entfernen Sie die Schnittabfallwanne aus Mikrotom.</li>
	<li>Verknüpfen Sie die Abschnitte-Kanal mit dem Mikrotom-Klingenhalter mit neutraler Silikondichtstoff (Abb. 2 b). Hinweis: Schmieren Sie jede neutrale Silikon-Dichtstoff über der Spitze des Messers nicht, so dass die alte Klinge leicht ersetzt wird.</li>
	<li>Trocknen Sie über Nacht um die Chloroform und neutral Silikon-Dichtstoff Zeit zu erstarren lassen.</li>
	<li>Installieren Sie die Klinge auf der Klingenhalter. Gießen Sie Wasser in das Wasserbad (Abbildung 2). Die Wasseroberfläche sollte nur den oberen Bereich des Blatts (Abb. 2D, Pfeilspitze) berühren.</li>
</ol>(2) Paraffin-Schnitt
Hinweis: Trümmer oft an den oberen oder unteren Kanten des Wachs-Blocks und der Wasseroberfläche ansammeln. Diese Ablagerungen sollten regelmäßig gelöscht werden.
<ol><li>
Durchführen Sie herkömmliche Paraffin10-Schnitt.
	<ol>
<li>Klemmen Sie das Paraffin-eingebetteten Exemplar auf einer rotierenden Mikrotom und setzen Sie das Messer in einem Messerhalter.</li>
		<li>Drehen Sie das Handrad und Abschnitt der Probekörpers.</li>
		<li>Übertragen Sie das Paraffin geschnittene Band auf 38,5 ° C warmen Wasserbad.</li>
		<li>Holen Sie ab, die in den Abschnitten auf das Mikroskop von der Wasseroberfläche nach Entfaltung zu schieben.</li>
		<li>Trocknen Sie die Folien in einem Ofen bei 42 ° C über Nacht.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
Verbesserte Paraffin-Schnitt (Abb. 3)
	<ol>
<li>Schliessen Sie das Gerät.</li>
		<li>Öffnen Sie das Heizgerät mit Temperaturschalter Erkennung und stellen Sie gezielte Temperatur zwischen 38,0 ° C bis 40,0 ° C für 1 h im voraus, um das Wasser warm ein.</li>
		<li>Ändern Sie den paraffinblock erworben durch das Paraffin einbetten; dann das Mikrotom Kassette Klemme der paraffinblock aufsetzen und einrasten. Hinweis: Die superior und inferior Grenzen der paraffinblock sollten horizontal geändert werden, um zu verhindern, dass die Abschnitt Multifunktionsleiste aus bilden einen Bogen und nicht mehr durch den schmalen Abschnitten Kanal fließen.</li>
		<li>Schnell Ansatz der Probenmaterials durch Schneiden dicker Abschnitte.</li>
		<li>Passen Sie auf eine geeignete Schnittdicke (10 µm Erwachsener Mäuse Köpfe, Erwachsenen Maus Nieren und Embryo mäusegehirnen, 4 µm für Zebrafisch Augen). Drehen Sie das Handrad und die Abschnitten treten automatisch die Abschnitte Kanal und Bad.</li>
		<li>Abschnitt der Probe in eine langsame und gleichmäßige schneiden Schlaganfall (Abb. 3A). Hinweis: Thethickness des ersten Abschnitts wird geändert werden, nachdem das Handrad für ein paar Minuten gestoppt wurde. Die klingen sollten ersetzt werden, wenn die Abschnitte in Folge Kratzer haben.</li>
		<li>Führen Sie die Abschnitte in die Badewanne Kammer in einer Linie (Abb. 3 b, 3 C) zu schweben. Hinweis: Wenn das Kopfteil an der Kammerwand hält, verwenden Sie eine Bürste Anleitung schwimmend weiterhin.</li>
		<li>Abschnitte auf Objektträger zu halten. Entfalten Sie nach den Abschnitten voll im Wasserbad, separate mehrere Abschnitte mit einer Pinzette. Dann holen sie aus dem Wasserbad auf den Objektträger (Abbildung 3D). Hinweis: Abschnitte sollten aus dem Hinterteil des Wasserbades, abgeholt werden wie in den Abschnitten-Kanal und der vorderen des Wasserbades noch nicht voll entfaltet werden.</li>
		<li>Trocknen Sie die Folien werden, indem sie in einem 42 ° C Ofen über Nacht. Die Folien können dann auf unbestimmte Zeit bei Raumtemperatur gelagert werden.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>Verwenden Sie Färbung Hämatoxylin-Eosin (HE) aus Gründen der Bewertung der verbesserten Methode8.</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Chung, K., Deisseroth, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CLARITY+for+mapping+the+nervous+system.">CLARITY for mapping the nervous system.</a> Nature Methods. 10 (6), 508-513 (2013).</li><li>Fujita, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+neuron+differentiation+in+the+central+nervous+system+by+tritiated+thymidine+autoradiography.">Analysis of neuron differentiation in the central nervous system by tritiated thymidine autoradiography.</a> Journal of Comparative Neurology. 122 (3), 311-327 (1964).</li><li>Mironov, V., Boland, T., Trusk, T., Forgacs, G., Markwald, R. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organ+printing:+Computer-aided+jet-based+3D+tissue+engineering.">Organ printing: Computer-aided jet-based 3D tissue engineering.</a> Trends in Biotechnology. 21 (4), 157-161 (2003).</li><li>Fischer, A. H., Jacobson, K. A., Rose, J., Zeller, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cryosectioning+tissues.">Cryosectioning tissues.</a> Cold Spring Harbor Protocols. 3 (8), (2008).</li><li>Viebahn, C., Luttenberg, H. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+modified+anti-roll+plate+as+a+remedy+for+the+ill-effects+of+electrical+charge+during+cryosectioning.">A modified anti-roll plate as a remedy for the ill-effects of electrical charge during cryosectioning.</a> Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. 37 (7), 1157-1160 (1989).</li><li>Onozato, M. L., Hammond, S., Merren, M., Yagi, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+a+completely+automated+tissue-sectioning+machine+for+paraffin+blocks.">Evaluation of a completely automated tissue-sectioning machine for paraffin blocks.</a> Journal of Clinical Pathology. 66 (2), 151-154 (2013).</li><li>Sabaliauskas, N. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-throughput+zebrafish+histology.">High-throughput zebrafish histology.</a> Methods. 39 (3), 246-254 (2006).</li><li>Chen, T. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hybrid-Cut:+An+Improved+Sectioning+Method+for+Recalcitrant+Plant+Tissue+Samples.">Hybrid-Cut: An Improved Sectioning Method for Recalcitrant Plant Tissue Samples.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (117), e54754 (2016).</li><li>Kucherenko, M. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Paraffin-Embedded+and+Frozen+Sections+of+Drosophila+Adult+Muscles.">Paraffin-Embedded and Frozen Sections of Drosophila Adult Muscles.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (46), e2438 (2010).</li><li>Cornell, W. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Paraffin+Embedding+and+Thin+Sectioning+of+Microbial+Colony+Biofilms+for+Microscopic+Analysis.">Paraffin Embedding and Thin Sectioning of Microbial Colony Biofilms for Microscopic Analysis.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (133), e57196 (2018).</li><li>Whiteland, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunohistochemical+detection+of+T-cell+subsets+and+other+leukocytes+in+paraffin-embedded+rat+and+mouse+tissues+with+monoclonal+antibodies.">Immunohistochemical detection of T-cell subsets and other leukocytes in paraffin-embedded rat and mouse tissues with monoclonal antibodies.</a> Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. 43 (3), 313-320 (1995).</li><li>Tucker, D. K., Foley, J. F., Bouknight, S. A., Fenton, S. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sectioning+Mammary+Gland+Whole+Mounts+for+Lesion+Identification.">Sectioning Mammary Gland Whole Mounts for Lesion Identification.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (125), e55796 (2017).</li><li>Venegas-Pino, D. E., Banko, N., Khan, M. I., Shi, Y., Werstuck, G. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+Analysis+and+Characterization+of+Atherosclerotic+Lesions+in+the+Murine+Aortic+Sinus.">Quantitative Analysis and Characterization of Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Murine Aortic Sinus.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (82), e50933 (2013).</li><li>Lau, S. K., Chu, P. G., Weiss, L. 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Die Autoren haben ein Patent auf dieses Gerät und keine Interessenskonflikte zu erklären.

Zur Verbesserung von Paraffin Abschnitt Morphologie und lösen das Problem der verschwendete Zeit während konventioneller Paraffin-Schnitt, haben wir eine verbesserte Paraffin-Schnitt-Methode, die schneiden und Entfaltung verbindet. Diese verbesserte Methode beruht auf einfache Geräte, die einen Abschnitt-Kanal, ein Wasserbad und eine Heizung mit Erkennung Temperaturschalter umfasst. Der Abschnitt Band betritt das Wasserbad durch den Abschnitt Kanal und entfaltet sich automatisch beim Schneiden. Daher verbessert diese ...

Morphologische Studie ist wichtig in der biologischen Forschung. Obwohl neuer Technologie Forscher beobachten ihre Ziele direkt aus dem gesamten Gewebe oder Organismen1,2,3, schneiden die Probe in Dünnschliffen, gefolgt von Färbung erlaubt hat, bleibt die primäre Methode Fornot nur Gewebe Morphologie, sondern auch Protein targeting direkt im Gewebe. Lichtmikroskopie verwendet drei Schnitttypen: Paraffin, gefrorene und Ansät. Obwohl Kryoschneiden üblich ist, dass Gewebe Antigenität zu schützen und die Probenvorbereitung einfach ist, ist die einbehaltene Gewebe Morphologie Arm und ungeeignet für dünne Stationspunkte4,5. Paraffin-Schnitt ist die am häufigsten verwendeten Methode für die Ausstellung von gut erhaltenen Morphologie. Die Exemplare sind völlig dehydriert und in Wachs eingebettet, können der Paraffin-Blöcke auf unbestimmte Zeit gespeichert werden. Darüber hinaus produziert die Paraffin-Schnitt dünne Abschnitte, die Verbesserung der biologischen Sonde Zugang in weiteren Experimenten und reduzieren Zelle Schicht Overlay in Z-Richtung.
Doch herkömmliche Paraffin-Schnitt ist mühsam und erfordert Betreiber können. Paraffin-Abschnitte durchlaufen Fixierung, Austrocknung, einbetten, schneiden und schweben. Wichtiger ist Abschnitt Bänder aus dem Messerhalter auf dem Wasserbad zu übertragen notwendig, aber schwierig für junior-Betreiber. Besonders bei trockener Luft die Abschnitt-Bänder werden durch statische Elektrizität drehen und sind schwierig, auf dem warmen Wasser entfalten. Zur Verbesserung der Abschnitt sind Qualität, Befeuchtung der exponierten Gewebeoberfläche zwischen Mikrotom Klinge Pässe, die Wachs-Blöcke, Eintauchen in eiskaltes Wasser, oder erhöht die Luftfeuchtigkeit mit einem Luftbefeuchter in der Nähe von Mikrotom Kühlung6,7 empfohlen. . Neuere Methoden zur Verbesserung der Paraffin-Schnitt gehören Hybrid Paraffin einbetten, Kryoschneiden8und Handelsabteilung Transfer System Hilfe9. Obwohl diese Methoden teilweise Paraffin verbessern schneiden, Geschwindigkeit und Qualität, sie schneiden machen viel schwerfälliger und Handelsabteilung Transfersysteme sind teuer.
In diesem Protokoll führen wir flexible, einfache und billige Geräte Schritt für Schritt zu schaffen, die an den Klingenhalter ein rotary Mikrotom angeschlossen werden können. Dieses Gerät umfasst einen Abschnitt-Kanal, ein Wasserbad und eine Heizung mit Erkennung Temperaturschalter. Nach dem Schneiden, Dutzende von Abschnitte fließen in den Abschnitt Kanal und geben Sie das Wasserbad direkt, damit automatisch entfaltet. Dies verbessert die Effizienz der Paraffin-Schnitt und macht diese Technologie noch komfortabler. Mit Hilfe dieser Methode, mehr Erwachsene Maus hippocampal Abschnitte, Erwachsenen Maus Niere Abschnitte, embryonale 15,5 Tage alte (E15.5) Maus Gehirn Abschnitte und Erwachsenen Zebrafisch Auge Abschnitte wurden geerntet in kürzerer Zeit und morphologisch mehr intakt geblieben. Diese Methode kann auch für andere Gewebeproben, die erfordern beschleunigte Paraffin-Schnitt und verhindern, dass der Abschnitt Unterscheidung verwendet werden.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Incubator</td><td>Boekel Scientific</td><td>133000-2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Lid</td><td>64-17-5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Xylene&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Lid</td><td>1330-20-7</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Paraplast</td><td>Leica</td><td>39601006</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Heated Paraffin Embedding Module</td><td>Leica</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Commercial acrylic board</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Trichloromethane</td><td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Lid</td><td>67-66-3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tubular electric heating element(12 V 200 W)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Temperature controller(12 V 120 W)</td><td>Mingsuo</td><td>XH-W3002</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rotary microtome&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Leica</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Neutral silicone sealant</td><td></td><td></td><td>Link the water channel with the microtome knife holder</td></tr><tr><td>Voltage transformer</td><td>Dearll</td><td>S-250-12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Disposable blade</td><td>Accu-Edge</td><td>4689</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hematoxylin</td><td>Baso Diagnostics Inc.</td><td>BA-4025</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Eosin&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Baso Diagnostics Inc.</td><td>BA-4025</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microslide</td><td>Sail Brand</td><td>7105</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Neutral balsam</td><td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.,Lid</td><td>10004160</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Coverslip&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Citoglas</td><td>10212424C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microscope</td><td>Carl Zeiss</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hydrochloric acid</td><td>Xilong Chemical</td><td>7647-01-0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Water bath for paraffin sections</td><td>Leica</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HistoCore Arcadia C&amp;nbsp;- Cold Plate</td><td>Leica</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>paraffin repellent spray&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>9990420</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

the cutting and floating method for paraffin-embedded tissue for sectioning

Histologie und Pathologie ist das Schneiden von Paraffin-eingebetteten Gewebe verbreitet. Jedoch ist es langweilig. Um diese Methode zu verbessern, haben mehrere Handelsgesellschaften komplexer Abschnitt Transfersysteme mit fließenden Wasser entwickelt. Um diese Technologie zu vereinfachen, haben wir eine einfache Methode mit hausgemachten Ausrüstung, die schneiden und schwimmend in einem einfachen thermostatischen vereint; Geben Sie deshalb die Abschnitte automatisch das Wasserbad auf der Wasseroberfläche. Im Hippocampus von Erwachsenen mäusegehirnen, Erwachsenen Maus Nieren und embryonalen mäusegehirnen Erwachsenen Zebrafisch Augen wurden mit konventioneller Paraffin-Schnitt und die vorgestellte Methode zum Vergleich geschnitten. Statistische Analyse zeigt, dass unsere verbesserte Methode Zeitersparnis und höhere Qualität Teile produziert. Darüber hinaus ist es einfach für junior Operatoren, Paraffin-Schnitt einer ganzen Probe in kurzer Zeit.

Die verbesserte Methode stieg die Zahl der intakten Paraffin Abschnitte. Wir haben diese neue Methode auf Erwachsenen Maus hippocampal Gewebe, Erwachsenen Maus Nieren und embryonalen mäusegehirnen Zebrafisch Augen getestet. Wasser wurde hinzugefügt, um den Tank, und die Wassertemperatur war zwischen 38,0 ° C bis 40,0 ° c gehalten Sie waren nach einem seriell Vorbereitung der Gewebeproben, geschnitten und im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen schneiden. Die neue Methode Abschnitt Verlust zu v...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Cutting and Floating Method for Paraffin-embedded Tissue for Sectioning at JoVE.com

The Cutting and Floating Method for Paraffin-embedded Tissue for Sectioning

Das Schneiden und schwimmende Methode für Paraffin-eingebetteten Gewebe für Schneiden

Hier präsentieren wir Ihnen ein Protokoll zur Verbesserung der Paraffin-Schnitt. Diese Methode verbindet schneiden und schweben mit einer einfachen thermostatischen Kammer, um den Transfer-Prozess erforderlich, nach der herkömmlichen Methode zu vermeiden. Infolgedessen wurden die Effizienz und die Anzahl der intakten Paraffin Abschnitte erheblich verbessert.

Sectioning of the paraffin-embedded tissue is widely used in histology and pathology. However, it is tedious. To improve this method, several commercial ...

the-cutting-floating-method-for-paraffin-embedded-tissue-for

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

18.2K Aufrufe.  Nanchang University. Hier präsentieren wir Ihnen ein Protokoll zur Verbesserung der Paraffin-Schnitt. Diese Methode verbindet schneiden und schweben mit einer einfachen thermostatischen Kammer, um den Transfer-Prozess erforderlich, nach der herkömmlichen Methode zu vermeiden. Infolgedessen wurden die Effizienz und die Anzahl der intakten Paraffin Abschnitte erheblich verbessert.

Serie: The Cutting and Floating Method for Paraffin-embedded Tissue for Sectioning

Thin Sectioning of Slice Preparations for Immunohistochemistry

Many investigations in neuroscience, as well as other disciplines, involve studying small, yet macroscopic pieces or sections of tissue that have been preserved, freshly removed, or excised but kept viable, as in slice preparations of brain tissue.  Subsequent microscopic studies of this material can be challenging, as the tissue samples may be difficult to handle.  Demonstrated here is a method for obtaining thin cryostat sections of tissue with a thickness that may range from 0.2-5.0 mm.  We routinely cut 400 micron thick Vibratome brain slices serially into 5-10 micron coronal cryostat sections.  The slices are typically first used for electrophysiology experiments and then require microscopic analysis of the cytoarchitecture of the region from which the recordings were observed.  We have constructed a simple device that allows controlled and reproducible preparation and positioning of the tissue slice.  This device consists of a cylinder 5 cm in length with a diameter of 1.2 cm, which serves as a freezing stage for the slice.  A ring snugly slides over the cylinder providing walls around the slice allowing the tissue to be immersed in freezing compound (e.g., OCT).  This is then quickly frozen with crushed dry ice and the resulting  wafer  can be position easily for cryostat sectioning.  Thin sections can be thaw-mounted onto coated slides to allow further studies to be performed, such as various staining methods, in situ hybridization, or immunohistochemistry, as demonstrated here.

The present method allows reproducible cryostat sectioning of small, difficult-to-manage, tissue pieces, such as biopsies and brain slices. We utilize a simple aluminum freezing stage to facilitate handling of tissue and a standard cryostat to routinely produce 5-10 micron serial sections from 400 micron thick brain slices.

Dünnschnitt der Scheibe Vorbereitungen für die Immunhistochemie

Many investigations in neuroscience, as well as other disciplines, involve studying small, yet macroscopic pieces or sections of tissue that have been ...

Forschung

Biologie

Sectioning Mammary Gland Whole Mounts for Lesion Identification

Normal mammary gland development may be altered by exposure to environmental toxicants and pharmaceutical products, excessive exposure to hormones, and genetic alterations. Mammary gland whole mounts are an inexpensive method to capture the progression of morphological changes that may arise after exposure. However, in later life, when abnormalities are more prone to develop, sole reliance on this one method may not always provide enough information to make a proper diagnosis of the abnormality. Historically, in chemical test guideline studies, a single mammary gland is removed at necropsy and prepared as a hematoxylin and eosin (H&#38;E)-stained section. The incorporation of contralateral mammary whole-mount collection and analysis decreases the likelihood of a false-negative assessment. Evaluation of the whole mount is limited by the presence of one or two entire mammary glands on a slide, and in some cases, the abnormalities observed in the whole mount are not uniformly represented in the H&#38;E section.&#160; The goal of this study was to develop a protocol for converting coverslipped mammary whole mounts to H&#38;E-stained sections so that lesions that would otherwise have been missed or that are difficult to diagnose can be identified. Here, we detail a method to produce a high-quality, paraffin-embedded H&#38;E section from a mammary gland that was initially prepared as a whole mount. In comparison to a tissue that was intentionally prepared for H&#38;E sectioning, the whole mount requires additional preparation for tissue removal and processing. However, this method is considered inexpensive, as it requires common lab reagents and little additional time. As a result, this method can provide invaluable information on how chemical and environmental exposures alter normal mammary development, as well as display changes that occur because of genetic modifications.

We developed a method to successfully remove, process, section, and stain, for histopathological evaluation, mammary tissue that had originally been fixed on slides as whole mounts. This method may promote the collection and evaluation of mammary gland whole mounts in reproductive and developmental test guideline studies.

Sektion Mammary Gland Ganze Mounts für Läsion Identifizierung

Normal mammary gland development may be altered by exposure to environmental toxicants and pharmaceutical products, excessive exposure to hormones, and ...

Krebsforschung

Paraffin Embedding and Thin Sectioning of Microbial Colony Biofilms for Microscopic Analysis

Sectioning via paraffin embedding is a broadly established technique in eukaryotic systems. Here we provide a method for the fixation, embedding, and sectioning of intact microbial colony biofilms using perfused paraffin wax. To adapt this method for use on colony biofilms, we developed techniques for maintaining each sample on its growth substrate and laminating it with an agar overlayer, and added lysine to the fixative solution. These optimizations improve sample retention and preservation of micromorphological features. Samples prepared in this manner are amenable to thin sectioning and imaging by light, fluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. We have applied this technique to colony biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas synxantha, Bacillus subtilis, and Vibrio cholerae. The high level of detail visible in samples generated by this method, combined with reporter strain engineering or the use of specific dyes, can provide exciting insights into the physiology and development of microbial communities.

We describe fixation, paraffin embedding, and thin sectioning techniques for microbial colony biofilms. In prepared samples, biofilm substructure and reporter expression patterns can be visualized by microscopy.

Paraffin einbetten und dünn schneiden von mikrobiellen Kolonie Biofilmen für die mikroskopische Analyse

Sectioning via paraffin embedding is a broadly established technique in eukaryotic systems. Here we provide a method for the fixation, embedding, and ...

Immunologie und Infektion

Preparation of Non-human Primate Brain Tissue for Pre-embedding Immunohistochemistry and Electron Microscopy

Despite all the technological advances at the light microscopy&#160;level, electron microscopy remains the only tool in neuroscience to examine and characterize ultrastructural and morphological details of neurons, such as synaptic contacts. Good preservation of brain tissue for electron microscopy can be obtained by rigorous cryo-fixation methods, but these techniques are rather costly and limit the use of immunolabeling, which is crucial to understand the connectivity of identified neuronal systems. Freeze-substitution methods have been developed to allow the combination of cryo-fixation with immunolabeling. However, the reproducibility of these methodological approaches usually relies on costly freezing devices. Moreover, achieving reliable results with this technique is very time-consuming and skill-challenging. Hence, the traditional chemically fixed brain, particularly with acrolein fixative, remains a time-efficient and low-cost method to combine electron microscopy with immunohistochemistry. Here, we provide a reliable experimental protocol using chemical acrolein fixation that leads to the preservation of primate brain tissue and is compatible with pre-embedding immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopic examination.

Here, we provide an easy, low-cost, and time-efficient protocol to chemically fix primate brain tissue with acrolein fixative, allowing for long-term preservation that is compatible with pre-embedding immunohistochemistry for transmission electron microscopy.

Herstellung von nichtmenschlichen Primaten Hirngewebe für die Pre-Einbettung Immunhistochemie und Elektronenmikroskopie

Despite all the technological advances at the light microscopy&#160;level, electron microscopy remains the only tool in neuroscience to examine and ...

Neurowissenschaften

Establishment and Analysis of Tumor Slice Explants As a Prerequisite for Diagnostic Testing

Organotypic primary tissue explant cultures, which include precision-cut slices, represent the three-dimensional (3-D) tissue architecture as well as the multicellular interactions of native tissue. Tissue&#160;slices immediately cut from freshly resected tumors preserve spatial aspects of intratumor heterogeneity (ITH), thus making them useful surrogates of in vivo biology. Careful optimization of tissue slice preparation and cultivation conditions is fundamental for the predictive diagnostic potential of tumor slice explants. In this regard, murine models are valuable, as these provide a consistent flow of tumor material to perform replicate and reproducible experiments. This protocol describes the culturing of murine lung tumor-derived tissue slices using a rotating incubation unit, a system that enables intermittent exposure of tissues to oxygen and nutrients. Our previous work showed that the use of rotating incubation units improves the viability of tissue compared to other culture methods, particularly floating slices and stagnant filter supports. Here, we further show that slice thickness influences the viability of cultured slices, suggesting that optimization of slice thickness should be done for different tissue types. Pronounced ITH in relevant oncogenic functions, such as signaling activities, stromal cell infiltration or expression of differentiation markers, necessitates evaluation of adjacent tissue slices for the expression of markers altered by drug treatment or cultivation itself. In summary, this protocol describes the generation of murine lung tumor slices and their culture on a rotating incubation unit and demonstrates how slices should be systematically analyzed for the expression of heterogeneous tissue markers, as a prerequisite prior to drug response studies.

We provide a method for the generation, cultivation and systematic analysis of organotypic slices derived from murine lung tumors. We also describe how to optimize for slice thickness, and how to select drug concentrations to treat tumor slices.

Einrichtung und Analyse der Tumor Slice Explants als Voraussetzung für diagnostische Tests

Organotypic primary tissue explant cultures, which include precision-cut slices, represent the three-dimensional (3-D) tissue architecture as well as the ...

Hybrid-Cut: An Improved Sectioning Method for Recalcitrant Plant Tissue Samples

Maintaining plant section integrity is essential for studying detailed anatomical structures at the cellular, tissue, or even organ level. However, some plant cells have rigid cell walls, tough fibers and crystals (calcium oxalate, silica, etc.), and high water content that often disrupt tissue integrity during plant tissue sectioning.
This study establishes a simple Hybrid-Cut tissue sectioning method. This protocol modifies a paraffin-based sectioning technique and improves the integrity of tissue sections from different plants. Plant tissues were embedded in paraffin before sectioning in a cryostat at -16 &#176;C. Sectioning under low temperature hardened the paraffin blocks, reduced tearing and scratching, and improved tissue integrity significantly. This protocol was successfully applied to calcium oxalate-rich Phalaenopsis orchid tissues as well as recalcitrant tissues such as reproductive organs and leaves of rice, maize, and wheat. In addition, the high quality of tissue sections from Hybrid-Cut could be used in combination with in situ hybridization (ISH) to provide spatial expression patterns of genes of interest. In conclusion, this protocol is particularly useful for recalcitrant plant tissue containing high crystal or silica content. Good quality tissue sections enable morphological and other biological studies.

This protocol describes a simple Hybrid-Cut tissue sectioning method that is useful for recalcitrant plant tissues. Good quality tissue sections enable anatomical studies and other biological studies including in situ hybridization (ISH).

Hybrid-Cut: Ein verbesserter Schnittverfahren für widerspenstige Pflanzengewebeproben

Maintaining plant section integrity is essential for studying detailed anatomical structures at the cellular, tissue, or even organ level. However, some ...

Pancreatic Islet Embedding for Paraffin Sections

Experiments using isolated pancreatic islets are important for diabetes research, but islets are expensive and of limited abundance. Islets contain a mixed cell population in a structured architecture that impacts function, and human islets are widely variable in cell type composition. Current frequently used methods to study cultured islets include molecular studies performed on whole islets, lumping disparate islet cell types together, or microscopy or molecular studies on dispersed islet cells, disrupting islet architecture. For in vivo islet studies, paraffin-embedded pancreas sectioning is a powerful technique to assess cell-specific outcomes in the native pancreatic environment. Studying post-culture islets by paraffin sectioning would offer several advantages: detection of multiple outcomes on the same islets (potentially even the exact-same islets, using serial sections), cell-type-specific measurements, and maintaining native islet cell-cell and cell-substratum interactions both during experimental exposure and for analysis. However, existing techniques for embedding isolated islets post-culture are inefficient, time consuming, prone to loss of material, and generally produce sections with inadequate islet numbers to be useful for quantifying outcomes. Clinical pathology laboratory cell block preparation facilities are inaccessible and impractical for basic research laboratories. We have developed an improved, simplified bench-top method that generates sections with robust yield and distribution of islets. Fixed islets are resuspended in warm histological agarose gel and pipetted into a flat disc on a standard glass slide, such that the islets are distributed in a plane. After standard dehydration and embedding, multiple (10+) 4 - 5 &#181;m sections can be cut from the same islet block. Using this method, histological&#160;and immunofluorescent analyses can be performed on mouse, rat, and human islets. This is an effective, inexpensive, time-saving approach to assess cell-type-specific, intact-architecture outcomes from cultured islets.

Ex vivo pancreatic islet studies are important for diabetes research. Existing techniques to study cultured islets in their native 3-dimensional architecture are time consuming, inefficient, and infrequently used. This work describes a new, simple, and efficient method for generating high-quality paraffin sections of whole cultured islets.

Pancreatic Islet Einbettung für Paraffin Abschnitte

Experiments using isolated pancreatic islets are important for diabetes research, but islets are expensive and of limited abundance. Islets contain a ...

Microscopy Techniques for Interpreting Fungal Colonization in Mycoheterotrophic Plants Tissues and Symbiotic Germination of Seeds

Structural botany is an indispensable perspective to fully understand the ecology, physiology, development, and evolution of plants. When researching mycoheterotrophic plants (i.e., plants that obtain carbon from fungi), remarkable aspects of their structural adaptations, the patterns of tissue colonization by fungi, and the morphoanatomy of subterranean organs can enlighten their developmental strategies and their relationships with hyphae, the source of nutrients. Another important role of symbiotic fungi is related to the germination of orchid seeds; all Orchidaceae species are mycoheterotrophic during germination and seedling stage (initial mycoheterotrophy), even the ones that photosynthesize in adult stages. Due to the lack of nutritional reserves in orchid seeds, fungal symbionts are essential to provide substrates and enable germination. Analyzing germination stages by structural perspectives can also answer important questions regarding the fungi interaction with the seeds. Different imaging techniques can be applied to unveil fungi endophytes in plant tissues, as are proposed in this article. Freehand and thin sections of plant organs can be stained and then observed using light microscopy. A fluorochrome conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin can be applied to the fungi and co-incubated with Calcofluor White to highlight plant cell walls in confocal microscopy. In addition, the methodologies of scanning and transmission electron microscopy are detailed for mycoheterotrophic orchids, and the possibilities of applying such protocols in related plants is explored. Symbiotic germination of orchid seeds (i.e., in the presence of mycorrhizal fungi) is described in the protocol in detail, along with possibilities of preparing the structures obtained from different stages of germination for analyses with light, confocal, and electron microscopy.

This protocol aims to provide detailed procedures for collecting, fixing, and maintaining mycoheterotrophic plant samples, applying different microscopy techniques such as scanning and transmission electron microscopy, light, confocal, and fluorescence microscopy to study fungal colonization in plants tissues and seeds germinated with mycorrhizal fungi.

Mikroskopische Techniken zur Interpretation der Pilzbesiedlung in mykoheterotrophen Pflanzengeweben und der symbiotischen Keimung von Samen

Structural botany is an indispensable perspective to fully understand the ecology, physiology, development, and evolution of plants. When researching ...

Optimized Thin Endometrium Mouse Model with Low Mortality and Minimal Adhesions

Establishing a Mouse Model of Thin Endometrium

Thin endometrium (TE) has been widely recognized as a critical cause of infertility. However, the pathogenesis of TE remains unclear, and satisfactory treatment options are still urgently needed. Several animal models of TE have been developed, but the mouse model involving abdominal surgery and injection of 95% ethanol presents a formidable challenge due to the high mortality rate and risk of intrauterine adhesions if not performed correctly. Here, we describe a detailed protocol that produces reliable and reproducible TE with a very low mortality rate and minimal intrauterine adhesions by injecting 95% ethanol into the mouse uterus with varying infusion times. The results showed that all of the mice successfully developed TE with infusion times ranging from 1-3 min, characterized by a typical reduction in endometrial thickness and the number of glands, as well as excessive endometrial fibrosis. These findings suggest that this mouse model is suitable for studying thin endometrium and can serve as a platform for developing future TE treatments.

This article describes a detailed protocol for producing a reliable and reproducible thin endometrium with a very low mortality rate and minimal intrauterine adhesions by injecting 95% ethanol into the mouse uterus within 1-3 min.

Thin endometrium (TE) has been widely recognized as a critical cause of infertility. However, the pathogenesis of TE remains unclear, and satisfactory ...

Formalin-Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) Tissue Preservation: A Method for Studying Tissue Morphology

Source: Nagaraj A.S., et al., <a href="https://jove.unicartagenaproxy.elogim.com/v/58569/establishment-analysis-tumor-slice-explants-as-prerequisite-for">Establishment and Analysis of Tumor Slice Explants As a Prerequisite for Diagnostic Testing.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2018)
The following video describes how to preserve morphology of a tissue with formalin fixation and paraffin embedding.