Diese Arbeit wurde von National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nr. 11402221 und 11502224), der Staat Schlüssel Labor von intensiv gepulste Strahlung-Simulation und Wirkung (SKLIPR1513) und Hunan Provinz Schlüssel Forschung und Entwicklungsplan (Nr. unterstützt. 2016 WK 2014).

1. Herstellung von flexiblen PZT-Dünnschichten
<ol><li>Durchschneiden Sie 1 x 1 cm Glimmer Substrat aus eine glimmervorlage mit einer Schere.</li>
	<li>Befestigen Sie dieses 1 x 1 cm-Glimmer-Substrat auf einem Schreibtisch mit doppelseitigem Klebeband.</li>
	<li>Benutzen Sie eine Pinzette zu um Peel-off die Glimmer Schicht für Schicht bis die gewünschte Dicke (50 µm), mit einem Mikrometer gemessen.</li>
	<li>Fügen Sie diese frisch gespalten Glimmer Substrat auf ein Substrat Halter 5'' mit einer dünnen Schicht von Silberfarbe und bei 120 ° C auf einer heißen Platte für 10 Minuten Glimmer auf Substrat fest anzubringen zu heilen.</li>
	<li>Die PLD-Kammer den PLD (Pulsed Laser Deposition) Substrat Inhaber umgesetzt.</li>
	<li>Wählen Sie die Wiederholrate (z.B. 10 Hz) und laser-Energie (z.B. 300 mJ).</li>
	<li>Verschieben der Fokussierlinse in die eingestellte Position.</li>
	<li>Der Verschluss geöffnet und Hinterlegung einer 5 nm CoFe2O4 (CFO) [Laser-Energie: 300 mJ, Sauerstoffdruck: 50 mTorr, Probentemperatur: 590 ° C, Depositionszeit: 5 min] Dünnschicht als eine Pufferschicht durch das Auslösen des Lasers (Abbildung 1).</li>
	<li>Hinterlegen Sie eine 20-80 nm SrRuO3 (SRO) [Laser-Energie: 300 mJ, Sauerstoffdruck: 100 mTorr, Probentemperatur: 680 ° C, Depositionszeit: 10-30 min] auf die CFO-Pufferschicht als die untere Elektrode für spätere elektrische Performance-Tests durch das Auslösen der Laser ( ( Abbildung 1).</li>
	<li>Kaution pro 150 nm PZT [Laser-Energie: 300 mJ, Sauerstoffdruck: 100 mTorr, Probentemperatur: 650 ° C, Depositionszeit: 60 min.] dünnen Film auf der Oberseite SRO untere Elektrode durch das Auslösen des Lasers (Abbildung 1).</li>
	<li>Entlüften der Kammer mit N2 und PZT/Glimmer-Muster (Abbildung 2) zu entfernen, wenn die Temperatur Raumtemperatur erreicht.</li>
	<li>Legen Sie die Probe auf ein Stück Glas.</li>
	<li>Eine vordefinierte Mesh mit 200 µm Durchmesser oben auf die Probe gestellt. Das Netz gut zu beheben und die Sputter Kammer Mesh-Probe umgesetzt.</li>
	<li>Verwendung DC-Sputtern (10 mA, 8 Mbar, 6 min), Pt-Top-Elektroden auf dem Film zu hinterlegen. Entfernen Sie die Probe nach dem Sputtern.</li>
	<li>Verwenden Sie eine Messer oder 20 % HF-Säure, um einen 1 x 1 mm-PZT-Abschnitt zu entfernen. Dies ist die unteren SRO Elektrode aufdecken und bilden viele kleine flexible ferroelektrische Kondensatoren. Hinweis: Wachsen Sie SRO als die untere Elektrode und dann zahlen Sie Pt auf die Elektroden auf die Filme von DC-Sputtern um viele kleine Kondensatoren bilden die elektronischen Eigenschaften der PZT-Dünnschicht, Messen, die in Abbildung 3dargestellt ist ein.</li>
	<li>Malen Sie einen Mantel aus leitfähigen Silber auf die exponierten SRO, Steigerung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit der unteren SRO Elektrode. Sicherstellen Sie, dass das leitfähige Silber exponierten SRO kontaktieren kann.</li>
</ol>(2) ferroelektrischer Charakterisierung
<ol><li>Biegen Test<ol>
<li>Kleben Sie auf der Rückseite der flexiblen Probe ein Stück Papier mit der gleichen Größe wie die Probe für den problemlosen Austausch der Probe von einer Stufe zur anderen.</li>
		<li>Ort der PZT/Glimmer auf dem Testboard des Ferroelektrischen Test System und Halbleiter Gerät Analyzer.</li>
		<li>Eine Messsonde des Ferroelektrischen Test System und Halbleiter Gerät Analyzer auf der oberen Elektrode Pt und andere Messsonde auf dem Silber-SRO-Layer zu der Hystereseschleifen Polarisation elektrisches Feld (P-E) und Kapazität-elektrisches Feld (C-E) Kurven, während die Probe Ungebeugt ist.<ol>
<li>Messen der P-E Hystereseschleifen mit zwei Sonden bei einer Frequenz von 2 kHz und bei 4 V. Maßnahme C-E-Kurven mit den zwei Sonden bei einer Frequenz von 1 MHz und 4 V. Entfernen der Ungebeugt Probe.</li>
		</ol>
</li>
		<li>Befestigen Sie die flexible PZT/Glimmer dünnen Film auf die gewünschte Form mit doppelseitigem Klebeband. Achten Sie darauf, um das Rutschen/Gleiten von Mica während der Messung zu vermeiden.</li>
		<li>Montieren Sie ihn auf der Testplatine des Ferroelektrischen Test System und Halbleiter Gerät Analyzer.</li>
		<li>Die obere Elektrode Pt setzen Sie eine Sonde während der andere Taster die unteren SRO Elektrode durch die silberne Beschichtung ähnlich wie die früher verwendeten Konfiguration (Schritt 2.1.3 berührt auf).</li>
		<li>Messen Sie Hystereseschleifen P-E und C-E Kurven unter verschiedenen Zug- und Druckspannungen Biegeradien (Abbildung 4).<ol>
<li>Messen Sie die P-E Hystereseschleifen mit zwei Sonden bei einer Frequenz von 2 kHz und bei 4 V. Maßnahme C-E-Kurven mit den zwei Sonden bei einer Frequenz von 1 MHz und 4 V.</li>
		</ol>
</li>
		<li>Die flexible PZT-Probe zu entfernen, wenn der P-E und C-E Messungen abgeschlossen sind.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>Thermische Stabilität<ol>
<li>Die Testplatine des Ferroelektrischen Test System und Halbleiter Gerät Analyzer PZT/Glimmer aufsetzen.</li>
		<li>Eine Messsonde auf der oberen Elektrode Pt und andere Messsonde auf dem Silber-SRO-Layer.</li>
		<li>Öffnen Sie die Temperaturregelung die Probe zu beheizen.</li>
		<li>Führen Sie die P-E und C-E Messungen bei verschiedenen Temperaturen (25 ° C, 50 ° C, 75 ° C, 100 ° C, 125 ° C, 150 ° C, 175 ° C).</li>
		<li>Schalten Sie die Heizung Montage nachdem die Messungen durchgeführt werden.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>Zyklisierungsfähigkeit-Biegeversuche<ol>
<li>Montieren Sie die flexible PZT/Glimmer in die beiden Nuten dieser Einrichtung.</li>
		<li>Befestigen Sie ein Ende der Probe, während es am anderen Ende mit Hilfe eines Motors gebogen ist.</li>
		<li>Verwenden Sie ein Lineal, Messen Sie die Länge der PZT/Glimmer zusammen mit der (biegen) Bewegungsrichtung des Motors vor dem 8 mm Biegeprozess (Abbildung 5).</li>
		<li>Berechnen Sie die Länge der Bewegung C um biegen Sie die Probe 5 mm nach der Formel: C=L-2Rsin(L/2R), wo L ist die Länge der PZT/Glimmer in Ungebeugt Zustand, R ist die Biegeradien und C ist die Bewegung des Motors.</li>
		<li>Legen Sie Anzahl der Biegezyklen (1000) auf dem Computer (Abbildung 6).</li>
		<li>Klicken Sie auf den Startknopf (Abbildung 6) um die hin und her Motorbewegung zu initiieren.</li>
		<li>Entfernen Sie die Probe und Messen der P-E zu prüfen, ob die Ferroelektrischen Eigenschaften erhalten bleiben.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Kim, W. Y., Lee, H. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stable+ferroelectric+poly+(vinylidene+fluoride-trifluoroethylene)+film+for+flexible+nonvolatile+memory+application.">Stable ferroelectric poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) film for flexible nonvolatile memory application.</a> IEEE Electron Device Letters. 33 (2), 260-262 (2012).</li><li>Mao, D., Quevedo-Lopez, M. A., Stiegler, H., Gnade, B. E., Alshareef, H. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimization+of+poly(vinylidene+fluoride-trifluoroethylene)+films+as+non-volatile+memory+for+flexible+electronics.">Optimization of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) films as non-volatile memory for flexible electronics.</a> Organic Electronics. 11 (5), 925-932 (2010).</li><li>Lee, G. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+flexible+non-volatile+memory+devices+using+oxide+semiconductors+and+ferroelectric+polymer+poly(vinylidene+fluoride-trifluoroethylene).">The flexible non-volatile memory devices using oxide semiconductors and ferroelectric polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene).</a> Applied Physics Letters. 99 (1), 012901-012903 (2011).</li><li>Kim, R. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Non-volatile+organic+memory+with+sub-millimeter+bending+radius.">Non-volatile organic memory with sub-millimeter bending radius.</a> Nature Communications. 5, 3583-3594 (2014).</li><li>Liu, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fabrication+of+Flexible,+All-Reduced+graphene+oxide+non-volatile+memory+devices.">Fabrication of Flexible, All-Reduced graphene oxide non-volatile memory devices.</a> Advanced Materials. 25 (2), 233-238 (2013).</li><li>Ji, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stable+switching+characteristics+of+organic+nonvolatile+memory+on+a+bent+flexible+substrate.">Stable switching characteristics of organic nonvolatile memory on a bent flexible substrate.</a> Advanced Materials. 22 (28), 3071-3075 (2010).</li><li>Ghoneim, M. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thin+PZT-based+ferroelectric+capacitors+on+flexible+silicon+for+nonvolatile+memory+applications.">Thin PZT-based ferroelectric capacitors on flexible silicon for nonvolatile memory applications.</a> Advanced Electronic Materials. 1 (6), 1500045-1500054 (2015).</li><li>Ghoneim, M. T., Hussain, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Study+of+harsh+environment+operation+of+flexible+ferroelectric+memory+integrated+with+PZT+and+silicon+fabric.">Study of harsh environment operation of flexible ferroelectric memory integrated with PZT and silicon fabric.</a> Applied. Physics. Letters. 107 (5), 052904-052908 (2015).</li><li>Zuo, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+and+ferroelectric+properties+of+freestanding+Pb(Zr,Ti)O3+thin+membranes.">Preparation and ferroelectric properties of freestanding Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin membranes.</a> Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 45 (18), 185302-185306 (2012).</li><li>Kingon, A. I., Srinivasan, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lead+zirconate+titanate+thin+films+directly+on+copper+electrodes+for+ferroelectric,+dielectric+and+piezoelectric+applications.">Lead zirconate titanate thin films directly on copper electrodes for ferroelectric, dielectric and piezoelectric applications.</a> Nature Materials. 4 (3), 233-237 (2005).</li><li>Shelton, C. T., Gibbons, B. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epitaxial+Pb(Zr,Ti)O3+thin+films+on+flexible+substrates.">Epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films on flexible substrates.</a> Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 94 (10), 3223-3226 (2011).</li><li>Rho, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PbZrxTi1&#8722;xO3+Ferroelectric+thin-film+capacitors+for+flexible+nonvolatile+memory+applications.">PbZrxTi1&#8722;xO3 Ferroelectric thin-film capacitors for flexible nonvolatile memory applications.</a> IEEE Electron Device Letters. 31 (9), 1017-1019 (2010).</li><li>Bretos, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activated+Solutions+Enabling+Low-Temperature+processing+of+functional+ferroelectric+oxides+for+flexible+electronics.">Activated Solutions Enabling Low-Temperature processing of functional ferroelectric oxides for flexible electronics.</a> Advanced Materials. 26 (9), 1405-1409 (2014).</li><li>Tsagarakis, E. D., Lew, C., Thompson, M. O., Giannelis, E. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanocrystalline+barium+titanate+films+on+flexible+plastic+substrates+via+pulsed+laser+annealing.">Nanocrystalline barium titanate films on flexible plastic substrates via pulsed laser annealing.</a> Applied Physics Letters. 89 (20), 202910-202912 (2006).</li><li>Bakaul, S. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+speed+epitaxial+perovskite+memory+on+flexible+substrates.">High speed epitaxial perovskite memory on flexible substrates.</a> Advanced Materials. 29 (11), 1605699-1605703 (2017).</li><li>Li, C. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Van+der+Waal+epitaxy+of+flexible+and+transparent+VO2+film+on+muscovite.">Van der Waal epitaxy of flexible and transparent VO2 film on muscovite.</a> Chemistry of Materials. 28 (11), 3914-3919 (2016).</li><li>Ma, C. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Van+der+Waals+epitaxy+of+functional+MoO2+film+on+mica+for+flexible+electronics.">Van der Waals epitaxy of functional MoO2 film on mica for flexible electronics.</a> Applied Physics Letters. 108 (25), 253104-253108 (2016).</li><li>Bitla, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxide+heteroepitaxy+for+flexible+optoelectronics.">Oxide heteroepitaxy for flexible optoelectronics.</a> ACS Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces. 8 (47), 32401-32407 (2016).</li><li>Wu, P. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heteroepitaxy+of+Fe3O4/muscovite:+A+new+perspective+for+flexible+spintronics.">Heteroepitaxy of Fe3O4/muscovite: A new perspective for flexible spintronics.</a> ACS Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces. 8 (49), 33794-33801 (2016).</li><li>Jiang, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flexible+ferroelectric+element+based+on+van+der+Waals+heteroepitaxy.">Flexible ferroelectric element based on van der Waals heteroepitaxy.</a> Science Advances. 3 (6), e1700121-e1700128 (2017).</li><li>Amrillah, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flexible+multiferroic+bulk+heterojunction+with+giant+magnetoelectric+coupling+via+van+der+waals+epitaxy.">Flexible multiferroic bulk heterojunction with giant magnetoelectric coupling via van der waals epitaxy.</a> ACS Nano. 11 (6), 6122-6130 (2017).</li><li>Bitla, Y., Chu, Y. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MICAtronics:+A+new+platform+for+&#64258;exible+X-tronics.">MICAtronics: A new platform for &#64258;exible X-tronics.</a> Flat Chem. 3, 26-42 (2017).</li><li>Chu, Y. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Van+der+Waals+oxide+heteroepitaxy.">Van der Waals oxide heteroepitaxy.</a> Quantum Materials. 2 (1), 67-71 (2017).</li></ol>

Die Autoren haben keine finanziellen Interessenkonflikte offenlegen.

Der wichtigste Schritt bei der Herstellung von Ferroelektrischen Elemente liegt in der Verwendung einer sauber und sogar/flache Substratoberfläche. Obwohl frisch gespalten Glimmer Oberfläche atomar glatt ist, ist es notwendig, achten Sie auf Oberflächen verhindert leiden sichtbar Splittern, split-Schichten, Risse, Einschlüsse, etc. nach Absetzung der PZT-Schicht, die Probe unter abgekühlt war ein hohe Sauerstoffdruck (200-500 mm Hg), die Sauerstoff-Stellenangebote zu reduzieren. Ex-Situ Top Platine...

Die erfolgreiche Herstellung von flexiblen nichtflüchtigen Speicherelemente (NVME) spielt eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Nutzung des vollen Potenzials der flexible Elektronik. NVME sind geringes Gewicht, low-cost, Low-Power-Verbrauch, hoher Geschwindigkeit und hoher Dichte Speicherkapazitäten neben Datenspeicherung, Informationsverarbeitung und Kommunikation verfügen. Perowskit-Pb (Zr, Ti) O3 (PZT) fungiert als ein beliebtes System für solche Anwendungen in Anbetracht seiner großen Polarisation, schnelle Polarisation umschalten, hohe Curie-Temperatur, niedrige Zwangsmaßnahmen Feld und hohen piezoelektrischen Koeffizienten. In Ferroelektrischen nichtflüchtige Speicher kann eine externe Spannungsimpuls zwei Überrest Polarisierungen zwischen zwei stabile Richtungen, vertreten durch '0' und '1' wechseln. Es ist nicht flüchtig, und der Schreib/Lese-Prozess innerhalb von Nanosekunden abgeschlossen werden kann. NVME basierend auf organischen1,2,3,4,5,6 und anorganischen7,8,9,10 ,11,12,13,14,15 ferroelektrische Materialien wurden auf flexiblen Substraten versucht. Allerdings ist eine solche Integration durch nicht nur die Substrate Unfähigkeit der Hochtemperatur-Wachstum, aber auch die degradierten Geräteleistung, Leckstrom und elektrische Kurzschlüsse durch ihre raueren Oberflächen begrenzt. Trotz vielversprechender Ergebnisse, alternative Strategien wie die Ausdünnung der Substrat-8 und die epitaktischen Schicht-Übertragung auf ein flexibles Substrat15 leiden eingeschränkten Tragfähigkeit im Hinblick auf die anspruchsvolle mehrstufiger Prozess, der Unvorhersehbarkeit der Transfer und die begrenzte Anwendbarkeit.
Aus den genannten Gründen ist es wichtig, eine geeignete Substrat zu erkunden, die begrenzte thermische und operative Stabilitäten von weichen Substraten um flexible Elektronik weiter zu überwinden vermag. Eine natürliche Muskovit-Glimmer (KAl2(AlSi3O10) (OH)2) Substrat mit einzigartigen Funktionen wie atomar glatte Oberflächen, hohe thermische Stabilität, chemische Inertheit, hohe Transparenz, mechanische Flexibilität und Kompatibilität mit aktuellen Herstellungsmethoden kann verwendet werden, um effektiv mit diesen Fragen befassen. Um so mehr, unterstützt die zweidimensionale Schichtstruktur der monoklinen Glimmer van der Waals-Epitaxie, die Gitter und thermische Bedingungen, dadurch erheblich unterdrückt das Substrat spannen Effekt entsprechen mildert. Diese Vorteile wurden in das direkte Wachstum von funktionalen Oxide16,17,18,19,20,21,22ausgeschöpft, 23 auf Muskovit vor kurzem, im Hinblick auf flexible Geräteanwendungen.
Hier beschreiben wir ein Protokoll, um direkt epitaktische noch flexible Blei Zirkon Titanat (PZT) Dünnschichten auf Muskovit Glimmer wachsen. Erreicht wird dies durch eine gepulste Laser Deposition Prozess unter Berufung auf die vielseitigen Eigenschaften von Glimmer, was van der Waals Heteroepitaxy. Solche vorgefertigten Strukturen behalten die überlegenen Eigenschaften der epitaktische PZT auf starre einzelne kristalline Substrate und weist ausgezeichnete thermische und mechanische Stabilität. Dieser einfache und zuverlässige Ansatz stellt einen technologischen Vorteil gegenüber Multistep-Transfer und Substrat Ausdünnung Strategien und fördert die Entwicklung der viel erwartete flexible noch Single-kristalline nichtflüchtigen Speicherelemente Voraussetzung für nächsten Generation intelligente Geräte mit hoher Leistung.

<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Equipment&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>hot plate</td><td>Polish</td><td>P-20</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PLD system</td><td>PVD products</td><td>PLD 5000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ferroelectric test system&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Radiant Technologies Precisions workstations&amp;nbsp;</td><td>RT66A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Semiconductor device analyzer&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Agilent&amp;nbsp;</td><td>B1500A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bending molds</td><td>home-made</td><td></td><td>Machined teflon material</td></tr><tr><td>Bending stage</td><td>home-built</td><td></td><td>Labview interfaced setup which provides a prescise displacemnt as small as 1 micrometer</td></tr><tr><td>Sputtering system</td><td>Beijing&amp;nbsp;Elaborate</td><td>ETD-3000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Materials&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>mica(001) sheets</td><td>Nilaco corporation&amp;nbsp;</td><td>990066</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>conductive silver paint</td><td>Ted Pella, INC</td><td>No.16033</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CoFe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; target</td><td>Kurt J.Lesker</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SrRuO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; target</td><td>Kurt J.Lesker</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PbZr&lt;sub&gt;0.2&lt;/sub&gt;Ti&lt;sub&gt;0.8&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3 &lt;/sub&gt;target</td><td>Kurt J.Lesker</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pt target</td><td>Hefei Ke jing</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

a fabrication and measurement method for a flexible ferroelectric element based on van der waals heteroepitaxy

Flexible nicht-flüchtiger Speicher haben viel Aufmerksamkeit erhalten, wie sie in Zukunft für tragbare intelligente elektronische Geräte sind unter Berufung auf High-Density Datenspeicher und Niederleistungsverbrauch Fähigkeiten. Die qualitativ hochwertigen oxid basierend nichtflüchtig auf flexiblen Substraten wird jedoch oft durch die Materialeigenschaften und die unvermeidlichen Hochtemperatur-Fertigungsprozess eingeschränkt. In diesem Papier wird ein Protokoll vorgeschlagen, direkt eine Epitaxie und dennoch flexible Blei Zirkon Titanat Speicherelement auf Muskovit Glimmer wachsen. Die vielseitige Technik und Messung Abscheidungsverfahren ermöglichen die Herstellung von flexiblen, aber einzelne kristalline nichtflüchtigen Speicher-Elemente, die notwendig für die nächste Generation von intelligenten Geräten.

Das epitaktische Dünnfilme PZT/SRO/CFO/Glimmer abgelagert wurden mit der pulsed Laser Deposition Technik, wie in Schritt 1 beschrieben. Abbildung 1 zeigt das Wachstum Schema und Abbildung 2 zeigt ein tatsächliche flexible NVM Element basierend auf dem PZT.

Mechanische Stabilität ist ein wesentlicher Aspekt der flexiblen Geräteanwendung. Die makroskopische fe...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy at JoVE.com

A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy

In diesem Beitrag präsentieren wir ein Protokoll direkt noch eine epitaktische Wachstum flexible Blei Zirkon Titanat Speicherelement Muskovit Glimmer.

Eine Fertigung und Messverfahren für ein flexibles Ferroelektrischen Element basierend auf Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy

Flexible non-volatile memories have received much attention as they are applicable for portable smart electronic device in the future, relying on ...

a-fabrication-measurement-method-for-flexible-ferroelectric-element

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

8.2K Aufrufe.  Xiangtan University. In diesem Beitrag präsentieren wir ein Protokoll direkt noch eine epitaktische Wachstum flexible Blei Zirkon Titanat Speicherelement Muskovit Glimmer.

Serie: A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides

Complex materials such as high Tc superconductors, multiferroics, and colossal magnetoresistors have electronic and magnetic properties that arise from the inherent strong electron correlations that reside within them. These materials can also possess electronic phase separation in which regions of vastly different resistive and magnetic behavior can coexist within a single crystal alloy material. By reducing the scale of these materials to length scales at and below the inherent size of the electronic domains, novel behaviors can be exposed. Because of this and the fact that spin-charge-lattice-orbital order parameters each involve correlation lengths, spatially reducing these materials for transport measurements is a critical step in understanding the fundamental physics that drives complex behaviors. These materials also offer great potential to become the next generation of electronic devices 1-3. Thus, the fabrication of low dimensional nano- or micro-structures is extremely important to achieve new functionality. This involves multiple controllable processes from high quality thin film growth to accurate electronic property characterization. Here, we present fabrication protocols of high quality microstructures for complex oxide manganite devices. Detailed descriptions and required equipment of thin film growth, photo-lithography, and wire-bonding are presented.

We describe the use of pulsed laser deposition (PLD), photolithography and wire-bonding techniques to create micrometer scale complex oxides devices. The PLD is utilized to grow epitaxial thin films. Photolithography and wire-bonding techniques are introduced to create practical devices for measurement purposes.

Herstellung von räumlich getrennter komplexe Oxide

Complex materials such as high Tc superconductors, multiferroics, and colossal magnetoresistors have electronic and magnetic properties that arise from ...

Forschung

Ingenieurwesen

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

Chemically ordered alloys are useful in a variety of magnetic nanotechnologies. They are most conveniently prepared at an industrial scale using sputtering techniques. Here we describe a method for preparing epitaxial thin films of B2-ordered FeRh by sputter deposition onto single crystal MgO substrates. Deposition at a slow rate onto a heated substrate allows time for the adatoms to both settle into a lattice with a well-defined epitaxial relationship with the substrate and also to find their proper places in the Fe and Rh sublattices of the B2 structure. The structure is conveniently characterized with X-ray reflectometry and diffraction and can be visualised directly using transmission electron micrograph cross-sections. B2-ordered FeRh exhibits an unusual metamagnetic phase transition: the ground state is antiferromagnetic but the alloy transforms into a ferromagnet on heating with a typical transition temperature of about 380 K. This is accompanied by a 1% volume expansion of the unit cell: isotropic in bulk, but laterally clamped in an epilayer. The presence of the antiferromagnetic ground state and the associated first order phase transition is very sensitive to the correct equiatomic stoichiometry and proper B2 ordering, and so is a convenient means to demonstrate the quality of the layers that can be deposited with this approach. We also give some examples of the various techniques by which the change in phase can be detected.

A method to prepare epitaxial layers of ordered alloys by sputtering is described. The B2-ordered FeRh compound is used as an example, as it displays a metamagnetic transition that depends sensitively on the degree of chemical order and the exact composition of the alloy.

Sputter Wachstum und Charakterisierung von metamagnetische B2-geordneten FeRh Epitaxieschichten

Chemically ordered alloys are useful in a variety of magnetic nanotechnologies. They are most conveniently prepared at an industrial scale using ...

Chemical Vapor Deposition of an Organic Magnet, Vanadium Tetracyanoethylene

Recent progress in the field of organic materials has yielded devices such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) which have advantages not found in traditional materials, including low cost and mechanical flexibility. In a similar vein, it would be advantageous to expand the use of organics into high frequency electronics and spin-based electronics. This work presents a synthetic process for the growth of thin films of the room temperature organic ferrimagnet, vanadium tetracyanoethylene (V[TCNE]x, x~2) by low temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The thin film is grown at &#60;60 &#176;C, and can accommodate a wide variety of substrates including, but not limited to, silicon, glass, Teflon and flexible substrates. The conformal deposition is conducive to pre-patterned and three-dimensional structures as well. Additionally this technique can yield films with thicknesses ranging from 30 nm to several microns. Recent progress in optimization of film growth creates a film whose qualities, such as higher Curie temperature (600 K), improved magnetic homogeneity, and narrow ferromagnetic resonance line-width (1.5 G) show promise for a variety of applications in spintronics and microwave electronics.

We present the synthesis of the organic-based ferrimagnet vanadium tetracyanoethylene (V[TCNE]x, x~2) via low temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD). This optimized recipe yields an increase in Curie temperature from 400 K to over 600 K and a dramatic improvement in magnetic resonance properties.

Chemical Vapor Deposition eines Organic Magnet, Vanadium Tetracyanethylen

Recent progress in the field of organic materials has yielded devices such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) which have advantages not found in ...

Chemie

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Novel electronic materials are often produced for the first time by synthesis processes that yield bulk crystals (in contrast to single crystal thin film synthesis) for the purpose of exploratory materials research. Certain materials pose a challenge wherein the traditional bulk Hall bar device fabrication method is insufficient to produce a measureable device for sample transport measurement, principally because the single crystal size is too small to attach wire leads to the sample in a Hall bar configuration. This can be, for example, because the first batch of a new material synthesized yields very small single crystals or because flakes of samples of one to very few monolayers are desired. In order to enable rapid characterization of materials that may be carried out in parallel with improvements to their growth methodology, a method of device fabrication for very small samples has been devised to permit the characterization of novel materials as soon as a preliminary batch has been produced. A slight variation of this methodology is applicable to producing devices using exfoliated samples of two-dimensional materials such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), as well as multilayer heterostructures of such materials. Here we present detailed protocols for the experimental device fabrication of fragments and flakes of novel materials with micron-sized dimensions onto substrate and subsequent measurement in a commercial superconducting magnet, dry helium close-cycle cryostat magnetotransport system at temperatures down to 0.300 K and magnetic fields up to 12 T.

We describe the methodology of mechanical exfoliation and deposition of flakes of novel materials with micron-sized dimensions onto substrate, fabrication of experimental device structures for transport experimentation, and the magnetotransport measurement in a dry helium close-cycle cryostat at temperatures down to 0.300 K and magnetic fields up to 12 T.

Erweiterte Experimentelle Methoden für Niedertemperatur-Magneto Messung der Novel Materials

Novel electronic materials are often produced for the first time by synthesis processes that yield bulk crystals (in contrast to single crystal thin film ...

Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Strontium Titanate on Germanium via Atomic Layer Deposition

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a commercially utilized deposition method for electronic materials. ALD growth of thin films offers thickness control and conformality by taking advantage of self-limiting reactions between vapor-phase precursors and the growing film. Perovskite oxides present potential for next-generation electronic materials, but to-date have mostly been deposited by physical methods. This work outlines a method for depositing SrTiO3 (STO) on germanium using ALD. Germanium has higher carrier mobilities than silicon and therefore offers an alternative semiconductor material with faster device operation. This method takes advantage of the instability of germanium's native oxide by using thermal deoxidation to clean and reconstruct the Ge (001) surface to the 2&#215;1 structure. 2-nm thick, amorphous STO is then deposited by ALD. The STO film is annealed under ultra-high vacuum and crystallizes on the reconstructed Ge surface. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) is used during this annealing step to monitor the STO crystallization. The thin, crystalline layer of STO acts as a template for subsequent growth of STO that is crystalline as-grown, as confirmed by RHEED. In situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to verify film stoichiometry before and after the annealing step, as well as after subsequent STO growth. This procedure provides framework for additional perovskite oxides to be deposited on semiconductors via chemical methods in addition to the integration of more sophisticated heterostructures already achievable by physical methods.

This work details the procedures for the growth and characterization of crystalline SrTiO3 directly on germanium substrates by atomic layer deposition. The procedure illustrates the ability of an all-chemical growth method to integrate oxides monolithically onto semiconductors for metal-oxide semiconductor devices.

Epitaxie Perowskit Strontiumtitanat auf Germanium über Atomic Layer Deposition

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a commercially utilized deposition method for electronic materials. ALD growth of thin films offers thickness control and ...

Fabrication of Flexible Image Sensor Based on Lateral NIPIN Phototransistors

Flexible photodetectors have been intensely studied for the use of curved image sensors, which are a crucial component in bio-inspired imaging systems, but several challenging points remain, such as a low absorption efficiency due to a thin active layer and low flexibility. We present an advanced method to fabricate a flexible phototransistor array with an improved electrical performance. The outstanding electrical performance is driven by a low dark current owing to deep impurity doping. Stretchable and flexible metal interconnectors simultaneously offer electrical and mechanical stabilities in a highly deformed state. The protocol explicitly describes the fabrication process of the phototransistor using a thin silicon membrane. By measuring I-V characteristics of the completed device in deformed states, we demonstrate that this approach improves the mechanical and electrical stabilities of the phototransistor array. We expect that this approach to a flexible phototransistor can be widely used for the applications of not only next-generation imaging systems/optoelectronics but also wearable devices such as tactile/pressure/temperature sensors and health monitors.

We present a detailed method to fabricate a deformable lateral NIPIN phototransistor array for curved image sensors. The phototransistor array with an open mesh form, which is composed of thin silicon islands and stretchable metal interconnectors, provides flexibility and stretchability. The parameter analyzer characterizes the electrical property of the fabricated phototransistor.

Herstellung von flexiblen Bildsensor basierend auf seitliche NIPIN Fototransistoren

Flexible photodetectors have been intensely studied for the use of curved image sensors, which are a crucial component in bio-inspired imaging systems, ...

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

Here, we present a procedure for the synthesis of bulk and thin film multicomponent (Mg0.25(1-x)CoxNi0.25(1-x)Cu0.25(1-x)Zn0.25(1-x))O (Co variant) and (Mg0.25(1-x)Co0.25(1-x)Ni0.25(1-x)CuxZn0.25(1-x))O (Cu variant) entropy-stabilized oxides. Phase pure and chemically homogeneous (Mg0.25(1-x)CoxNi0.25(1-x)Cu0.25(1-x)Zn0.25(1-x))O (x = 0.20, 0.27, 0.33) and (Mg0.25(1-x)Co0.25(1-x)Ni0.25(1-x)CuxZn0.25(1-x))O (x = 0.11, 0.27) ceramic pellets are synthesized and used in the deposition of ultra-high quality, phase pure, single crystalline thin films of the target stoichiometry. A detailed methodology for the deposition of smooth, chemically homogeneous, entropy-stabilized oxide thin films by pulsed laser deposition on (001)-oriented MgO substrates is described. The phase and crystallinity of bulk and thin film materials are confirmed using X-ray diffraction. Composition and chemical homogeneity are confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The surface topography of thin films is measured with scanning probe microscopy. The synthesis of high quality, single crystalline, entropy-stabilized oxide thin films enables the study of interface, size, strain, and disorder effects on the properties in this new class of highly disordered oxide materials.

The synthesis of high quality bulk and thin film (Mg0.25(1-x)CoxNi0.25(1-x)Cu0.25(1-x)Zn0.25(1-x))O and (Mg0.25(1-x)Co0.25(1-x)Ni0.25(1-x)CuxZn0.25(1-x))O entropy-stabilized oxides is presented.

Bulk- und Dünnschicht-Synthese von kompositorisch Variante Entropie-stabilisierten Oxide

Here, we present a procedure for the synthesis of bulk and thin film multicomponent (Mg0.25(1-x)CoxNi0.25(1-x)Cu0.25(1-x)Zn0.25(1-x))O (Co variant) and ...

A Standard and Reliable Method to Fabricate Two-Dimensional Nanoelectronics

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted huge attention due to their unique properties and potential applications. Since wafer scale synthesis of 2D materials is still in nascent stages, scientists cannot fully rely on traditional semiconductor techniques for related research. Delicate processes from locating the materials to electrode definition need to be well controlled. In this article, a universal fabrication protocol required in manufacturing nanoscale electronics, such as 2D quasi-heterojunction bipolar transistors (Q-HBT), and 2D back-gated transistors are demonstrated. This protocol includes the determination of material position, electron beam lithography (EBL), metal electrode definition, et al. A step by step narrative of the fabrication procedures for these devices are also presented. Furthermore, results show that each of the fabricated devices has achieved high performance with high repeatability. This work reveals a comprehensive description of process flow for preparing 2D nano-electronics, enables the research groups to access this information, and pave the way toward future electronics.

The article aims to introduce a standard and reliable fabrication procedure for the development of future low dimensional nanoelectronics.

Eine Standard und zuverlässige Methode, zweidimensionale Nanoelektronik zu fabrizieren

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted huge attention due to their unique properties and potential applications. Since wafer scale synthesis of 2D ...

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

Materials showing coupling phenomena between magnetism and (ferro)electricity, i.e., magnetoelectric effects, have attracted a great deal of attention due to their potential applications for future device technologies such as sensors and storage. However, conventional approaches, which usually utilize materials containing magnetic metal ions (or radicals), have a major problem: only a few materials have been found to show the coupling phenomena at room temperature. Recently, we proposed a new approach to achieve room-temperature magnetoelectrics. In contrast to conventional approaches, our alternative proposal focuses on a completely different material, a &#34;liquid crystal&#34;, free from magnetic metal ions. In such liquid crystals, a magnetic field can be utilized to control the orientational state of constituent molecules and the corresponding electric polarization through magnetic anisotropy of the molecules; it is an unprecedented mechanism of the magnetoelectric effect. In this context, this paper provides a protocol to measure ferroelectric properties induced by a magnetic field, that is, the direct magnetoelectric effect, in a liquid crystal. With the method detailed here, we successfully detected magnetically-tuned electric polarization in the chiral smectic C phase of a liquid crystal at room temperature. Taken together with the flexibility of constituent molecules, which directly affects the magnetoelectric responses, the introduced method will serve to allow liquid crystal cells to acquire more functions as room-temperature magnetoelectrics and associated optical materials.

In this report, we present a protocol to examine direct magnetoelectric effects, i.e., induction of ferroelectric polarization by applying magnetic fields, in liquid crystals. This protocol provides a unique approach, supported by the softness of liquid crystals, to achieve room-temperature magnetoelectrics.

Messung der magnetisch gestimmten ferroelektrische Polarisation in Flüssigkristallen

Materials showing coupling phenomena between magnetism and (ferro)electricity, i.e., magnetoelectric effects, have attracted a great deal of attention due ...

Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment

In this work we describe a technique for creating new crystals (van der Waals heterostructures) by stacking distinct ultrathin layered 2D materials. We demonstrate not only lateral control but, importantly, also control over the angular alignment of adjacent layers. The core of the technique is represented by a home-built transfer setup which allows the user to control the position of the individual crystals involved in the transfer. This is achieved with sub-micrometer (translational) and sub-degree (angular) precision. Prior to stacking them together, the isolated crystals are individually manipulated by custom-designed moving stages that are controlled by a programmed software interface. Moreover, since the entire transfer setup is computer controlled, the user can remotely create precise heterostructures without coming into direct contact with the transfer setup, labeling this technique as &#8220;hands-free&#8221;. In addition to presenting the transfer set-up, we also describe two techniques for preparing the crystals that are subsequently stacked.

In this work we describe a technique that is used to create new crystals (van der Waals heterostructures) by stacking ultrathin layered 2D materials with precise control over position and relative orientation.

Herstellung von van der Waals Heterostrukturen mit präziser Rotationsausrichtung

In this work we describe a technique for creating new crystals (van der Waals heterostructures) by stacking distinct ultrathin layered 2D materials. We ...