Wir möchten Renee L. Pasker und Harpreet K. Brar für kompetente technische Unterstützung auf die in dieser Arbeit beschriebenen Protokolle danken. Darüber hinaus möchten wir die Betreuung von Christopher B. Newgard an der Duke University und Alan D. Attie an der Universität von Wisconsin-Madison bestätigen, zusammen mit der Unterstützung ihrer Mitglieder Labor, die uns die Zeit erlaubt und unterstützt notwendig zur Optimierung der beschriebenen Protokollen. Insbesondere danken wir Hans Hohmeier, Danhong Lu, und Helena Winfield in der Labor-und Newgard Mary Rabaglia in der Attie Labor für produktive Diskussionen und Beratung. Diese Arbeit wurde vom NIH DK080845 und Juvenile Diabetes 594 unterstützt Research Foundation Zuschuss 17-2011-608 (MEK)

<ol>
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A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Murine+pancreatic+islet+isolation.">Murine pancreatic islet isolation.</a> J Vis Exp. , (2007).</li><li>Szot, G. L., Koudria, P., Bluestone, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transplantation+of+pancreatic+islets+into+the+kidney+capsule+of+diabetic+mice.">Transplantation of pancreatic islets into the kidney capsule of diabetic mice.</a> J Vis Exp. , (2007).</li><li>Zmuda, E. J., Powell, C. A., Hai, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+for+murine+islet+isolation+and+subcapsular+kidney+transplantation.">A method for murine islet isolation and subcapsular kidney transplantation.</a> J Vis Exp. , (2011).</li><li>Kimple, M. 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Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Global+estimates+of+the+prevalence+of+diabetes+for+2010+and+2030.">Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030.</a> Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 87, 4-14 (2010).</li><li>Kirstetter, P., Lagneau, F., Lucas, O., Krupa, Y., Marty, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+endothelium+in+the+modulation+of+isoflurane-induced+vasodilatation+in+rat+thoracic+aorta.">Role of endothelium in the modulation of isoflurane-induced vasodilatation in rat thoracic aorta.</a> Br J Anaesth. 79, 84-87 (1997).</li><li>Brown, E. T., Umino, Y., Loi, T., Solessio, E., Barlow, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anesthesia+can+cause+sustained+hyperglycemia+in+C57/BL6J+mice.">Anesthesia can cause sustained hyperglycemia in C57/BL6J mice.</a> Vis Neurosci. 22, 615-618 (2005).</li><li>Vaupel, D. B., McCoun, D., Cone, E. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phencyclidine+analogs+and+precursors:+rotarod+and+lethal+dose+studies+in+the+mouse.">Phencyclidine analogs and precursors: rotarod and lethal dose studies in the mouse.</a> J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 230, 20-27 (1984).</li><li>Davis, D. 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L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+hypoxia+on+insulin+secretion+by+isolated+rat+and+canine+islets+of+Langerhans.">Effect of hypoxia on insulin secretion by isolated rat and canine islets of Langerhans.</a> Diabetes. 42, 12-21 (1993).</li><li>Linetsky, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+human+islet+isolation+using+a+new+enzyme+blend,+liberase.">Improved human islet isolation using a new enzyme blend, liberase.</a> Diabetes. 46, 1120-1123 (1997).</li><li>Vaithilingam, V., Sundaram, G., Tuch, B. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Islet+cell+transplantation.">Islet cell transplantation.</a> Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 13, 633-638 (2008).</li><li>Brandhorst, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large-scale+comparison+of+Liberase+HI+and+collagenase+NB1+utilized+for+human+islet+isolation.">Large-scale comparison of Liberase HI and collagenase NB1 utilized for human islet isolation.</a> Cell Transplant. 19, 3-8 (2010).</li></ol>

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Mit der Verbreitung von Diabetes voraussichtlich um 7,7% der Weltbevölkerung betreffen, ist die Voraussetzung für neuartige Forschungstechniken unerlässlich, sowohl Diabetes verstehen und zu behandeln 18. Die vorliegende Inselisolierung ist ein gut etabliertes Protokoll für die in-vitro-Versuche verwendet und hat vorher mit leichten Modifikationen 11,14,16 vorgestellt. Obwohl die Insulinsekretion ist ein gemeinsames stromabwärts Anwendung isolierten Inseln, die sich auf stromaufwärts...

Die strikte Einhaltung euglycemia ist zwingend notwendig, um Begleiterkrankungen wie Neuropathie, Nephropathie, Retinopathie und, die alle Markenzeichen der Pathologie des unkontrollierten Typ-1-und-2-Diabetes sind 1 zu verhindern. Reduzierte β-Zell-Funktion und Masse in Typ 1 und 2 Diabetes stören Blutglukosekonzentrationen 2. Während immun-vermittelte Typ-1-Diabetes resultiert aus einem verheerenden Verlust von Insulin-produzierenden β-Zellen, gestörte β-Zellen Insulin-Sekretion und periphere Insulin-Signal bei Typ-2-Diabetes zusammen fördern Hyperglykämie, Dyslipidämie und erhöhte hepatische Glukoseproduktion, die schließlich zu sowohl Verlust der β-Zellmasse und Insulin sekretorischen Kapazität von einzelnen β-Zellen 3. Das Verständnis der zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen β-Zellen in der Progression des Typ-1-und-2-Diabetes wird hoffentlich Anlass zu neuen Therapien zur Vorbeugung und Behandlung dieser Krankheiten. In-vitro-tiUSGABE Kulturmodelle, wie der INS-1 und β-MIN6 verewigt Zelllinien können nützliche Werkzeuge für das Verständnis spezifischer β-Zell-Funktionen sein. Jedoch sind die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den verschiedenen Zelltypen innerhalb der Insel können sich regulieren β-Zellfunktion. Beispielsweise die parakrine Einfluss von Glucagon (aus α-Zellen freigesetzt) ​​und Somatostatin (von δ-Zellen freigesetzt) ​​in zunehmenden und abnehm Insulinsekretion bzw. zeigt die Bedeutung der Zell Zelle in der Nähe des endokrinen Reaktion 4. Darüber hinaus gap junctions zwischen β-Zellen verstärken die Freisetzung von Insulin 5. Obwohl Fortschritte wurden bei der Erzeugung Insulinom Leitungen, die besser repliziert die physiologische Reaktion von isolierten Inseln zu Glucose vorliegen (z. B. das INS-1-abgeleiteten 832/13 und 832/3 Zelllinien), die Glucose-Empfindlichkeit immer noch von normalen Ratten unterscheidet Inselchen 6,7. Darüber hinaus ist die Antwort dieser klonalen Zellinien InsulinomGlucagon-like-Peptid-1 (GLP-1)-Agonisten kann drastisch voneinander aus normalen Inseln 6 unterscheiden, sowie. Daher kann immortalisierte Zelllinien das beste Modell für die Untersuchung Agenten, die Auswirkungen auf die cAMP-Produktion nicht zu vertreten. Im Gegensatz zu den Insulinom-Zelllinien, studiert β-Zellfunktion nur in Ganztiermodellen besitzt einen eigenen Satz von Komplikationen. Eine der größten Herausforderungen in der Arbeit mit endokrinen Gewebe präzise Messung der Konzentration des Hormons freigesetzt. Insbesondere spielt die Leber eine wichtige Rolle metabolisierenden Insulin und die Bauchspeicheldrüse Blutfluss geht direkt in die Leber. Somit kann eine Plasmainsulinmessung nicht genau schildern die Mengen an Insulin aus der Bauchspeicheldrüse oder der Auswirkung von verschiedenen Behandlungen auf die Geschwindigkeit der Insulinabsonderung 8 sezerniert. Darüber hinaus kann Nierenstoffwechsel von Glucagon die Zuverlässigkeit von Glucagon Ausgabe von α-Inselzellen 9 begrenzen. Daher isolieren primären Maus Inseln für in-vitro-Experimenten eine genauere Verständnis davon, wie die Insel ist auf bestimmte Reize reagieren zu ergänzen Messungen in vivo gemacht. Das vorliegende Protokoll für die Isolierung von Maus-Inseln ist ein gut etabliertes Protokoll, das von einer Reihe von Gruppen (mit leichten Modifikationen, die helfen, den Erfolg zu erhöhen) 10,11 eingesetzt. Darüber hinaus ist die Bestimmung der cAMP-Produktion erlaubt eine direkte Auslesen des Inkretin Ansprechbarkeit der β-Zellen. In Verbindung mit cAMP-Messung, Proteingehalt und Insulinsekretion kann auch aus dem gleichen Lager Probenvorbereitungs quantifiziert werden, zu helfen, um zu bestimmen, ob ein Defekt in der β-Zell-Funktion liegt proximal oder distal zu cAMP 10. Die endgültige cAMP-Gehalt und die Insulinsekretion Anwendung in diesem Protokoll kann ein sehr mächtiges Werkzeug für das Verständnis der Einfluss der Pharma-und Nahrungsbestandteile, unter anderen seins, auf die cAMP-und Insulinsekretion. Neben der Stimulation von Glukose allein, können auch andere Verbindungen verwendet werden, um Veränderungen in der cAMP-und Insulin-Sekretion 10,11 messen. Schließlich, obwohl Insulin ist die primäre Hormon wir Assay von isolierten Inseln, andere Hormone, wie Glucagon und Somatostatin, sowie Zytokine, Eicosanoide und cyclischem Adenosinmonophosphat, kann ebenfalls gemessen werden, entweder durch eine vorübergehende Stimulation Assay oder durch Quantifizierung ihre Niveaus in Kulturmedium 12. Schließlich, obwohl außerhalb des Geltungsbereichs dieses Manuskripts Inselisolierung mit der beschriebenen Kollagenase Isolationsmethode ermöglicht Insel Erhaltung so, dass viele andere Downstream-Anwendungen verfolgt werden, wie zum Beispiel Inseltransplantation, RNA-Isolierung für die quantitative Echtzeit-PCR-oder Microarray-Analysen, Protein Isolation für Western Blot, Immunfluoreszenz-und Insel Einbettung Bildgebung und [3H]-Thymidin als Maß für die Inselzell-ReplikationKation, von denen einige in früheren JoVE Artikel 13-16 beschrieben. Insgesamt nach der im Protokoll beschriebenen Inselisolierung Verfahren kann ein Forscher mit wichtigen und nützlichen Informationen für die Entwicklung von Therapien und Förderung der Arzneimittelforschung zur Verbesserung β-Zell-Funktion ausgerichtet ist.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Collagenase from &lt;em&gt;Clostridium histolyticum&lt;/em&gt; suitable for isolating active islets</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>C7657</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ficoll 400</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>F9378</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hanks Balanced Salt Solution 10X</td><td>Invitrogen (Gibco)</td><td>14065-056</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HEPES</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>H3375</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>RPMI 1640 (powder)</td><td>Invitrogen (Gibco)</td><td>31800-022</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Albumin from Bovine Serum (BSA)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>A7888</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3/0 Silk Suture Thread</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>18020-30</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dumont #5 Forceps</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>11251-10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.8 mm Forceps&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>11050-10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Curved Scissors</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>14061-10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vannas-T&amp;uuml;bingen Spring Scissors - Straight/Sharp/8.5 cm/5 mm Cutting Edge</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>15003-08</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dissecting Scissors</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>14002-14</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5 ml BD Luer-Lok Syringe</td><td>BD</td><td>309646</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1 ml BD syringe</td><td>BD</td><td>309628</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>30 G BD Needle 1/2&quot; Length</td><td>BD</td><td>305106</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>27 G BD Needle 1/2&quot; Length</td><td>BD</td><td>305109</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sharpening Stone</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>29008-01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2-2-2-tribromoethanol</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>T48402-25G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2-methyl-2-butanol</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>240486-100mL</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Chloride (NaCl)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>S9888</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potassium Chloride</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>P3911</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Monopotassium Phosphate (KH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>P0662</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Bicarbonate (NaCHO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>S6014</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CaCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;#183;2H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>C3881</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MgSO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;#183;7H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>M9397</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin-Streptomycin</td><td>Invitrogen (Gibco)</td><td>15140-122</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Heat Inactivated Fetal Bovine Serum (H.I. FBS)</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>SH30088.03HI</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>5879-100MG</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

a method for mouse pancreatic islet isolation and intracellular camp determination

Unkontrollierter Blutzucker ist ein Markenzeichen von Diabetes mellitus und Begleiterkrankungen fördert wie Neuropathie, Nephropathie und Retinopathie. Mit der zunehmenden Verbreitung von Diabetes, sowohl immun-vermittelte Typ-1-und Adipositas-Linked-Typ-2-Studien bei der Abgrenzung Diabetes Pathophysiologie und therapeutische Mechanismen abzielen, sind von entscheidender Bedeutung. Die β-Zellen der Langerhans-Inseln Langerhans sind entsprechend Absonderung von Insulin in Reaktion auf einen erhöhten Blutzuckerspiegel verantwortlich. Zusätzlich zu Glukose und anderen Nährstoffen sind die β-Zellen auch durch spezifische Hormone stimuliert, Inkretine bezeichnet, die aus dem Darm in Reaktion auf eine Mahlzeit und wirken auf β-Zellen-Rezeptoren, die die Produktion von intrazellulären zyklischen Adenosinmonophosphat zu erhöhen sezerniert werden ( cAMP). Verringerte β-Zell-Funktion, Masse und Inkretin Reaktionsfähigkeit sind gut zu verstehen, die das Entstehen der Typ-2-Diabetes beitragen, und werden auch zunehmend verknüpft with Typ 1 Diabetes. Die vorliegende Maus Inselisolierung und cAMP-Bestimmung Protokoll kann ein Werkzeug, um zu beschreiben Mechanismen zur Förderung Fortschreiten der Krankheit und Therapiemaßnahmen, insbesondere solche, die von den Inkretin-Rezeptoren vermittelt werden oder verwandte Rezeptoren, die durch Modulation der intrazellulären cAMP-Produktion handeln. Während nur cAMP-Messungen beschrieben werden wird, schafft das beschriebene Inselisolierung Protokoll eine saubere Präparation, ermöglicht auch viele andere Downstream-Anwendungen, einschließlich Glucose-stimulierten Insulinsekretion, [3 H]-Thymidin-Einbau, Proteinmenge und der mRNA-Expression.

Um eine hohe Ausbeute bei der Isolierung Insel zu gewährleisten, sollten chirurgische Techniken im Protokoll beschriebenen genau befolgt werden. Obwohl die hier vorgestellten Verfahren wird jedem Labor zugeschnitten werden, gibt es ein paar wichtige Schritte, die zu einem erfolgreichen Isolierung führen. Um den gemeinsamen Gallengang leicht zugänglich zu machen, ist es empfehlenswert, dass die Organe auf der rechten Seite der Maus (Fig. 1) verschoben werden kann. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht dies die ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination at JoVE.com

A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination

Die Untersuchung in vitro β-Zell-Funktion mit isolierten Maus-Langerhans-Inseln ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil in der Studie der Diabetes Pathophysiologie und Therapie. Während viele Downstream-Anwendungen zur Verfügung stehen, dieses Protokoll beschreibt speziell die Messung der intrazellulären zyklischen Adenosinmonophosphat (cAMP) als wesentlicher Parameter, der β-Zellfunktion.

Eine Methode zur Maus-Inselzellen der Bauchspeicheldrüse Isolation und intrazellulären cAMP-Bestimmung

Uncontrolled glycemia is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus and promotes morbidities like neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. With the increasing ...

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Biology

65.1K Aufrufe.  University of Wisconsin-Madison.  Die Untersuchung in vitro β-Zell-Funktion mit isolierten Maus-Langerhans-Inseln ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil in der Studie der Diabetes Pathophysiologie und Therapie. Während viele Downstream-Anwendungen zur Verfügung stehen, dieses Protokoll beschreibt speziell die Messung der intrazellulären zyklischen Adenosinmonophosphat (cAMP) als wesentlicher Parameter, der β-Zellfunktion. 

Serie: A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination

A Method for Murine Islet Isolation and Subcapsular Kidney Transplantation

Since the early pioneering work of Ballinger and Reckard demonstrating that transplantation of islets of Langerhans into diabetic rodents could normalize their blood glucose levels, islet transplantation has been proposed to be a potential treatment for type 1 diabetes 1,2. More recently, advances in human islet transplantation have further strengthened this view 1,3. However, two major limitations prevent islet transplantation from being a widespread clinical reality: (a) the requirement for large numbers of islets per patient, which severely reduces the number of potential recipients, and (b) the need for heavy immunosuppression, which significantly affects the pediatric population of patients due to their vulnerability to long-term immunosuppression. Strategies that can overcome these limitations have the potential to enhance the therapeutic utility of islet transplantation.
Islet transplantation under the mouse kidney capsule is a widely accepted model to investigate various strategies to improve islet transplantation. This experiment requires the isolation of high quality islets and implantation of islets to the diabetic recipients. Both procedures require surgical steps that can be better demonstrated by video than by text. Here, we document the detailed steps for these procedures by both video and written protocol. We also briefly discuss different transplantation models: syngeneic, allogeneic, syngeneic autoimmune, and allogeneic autoimmune.

Transplantation of isolated islets has been proposed to be a potential treatment for type 1 diabetes. Here we describe a method to isolate islets from mouse pancreata and transplant them to the subcapsular space of the kidney.

Eine Methode zur Murine Islet Isolation und subkapsulären Nierentransplantation

Since the early pioneering work of Ballinger and Reckard demonstrating that transplantation of islets of Langerhans into diabetic rodents could normalize ...

Forschung

Medizin

Single-cell Transcriptomic Analyses of Mouse Pancreatic Endocrine Cells

Pancreatic endocrine cells, which are clustered in islets, regulate blood glucose stability and energy metabolism. The distinct cell types in islets, including insulin-secreting &#946; cells, are differentiated from common endocrine progenitors during the embryonic stage. Immature endocrine cells expand via cell proliferation and mature during a long postnatal developmental period. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes are not clearly defined. Single-cell RNA-sequencing is a promising approach for the characterization of distinct cell populations and tracing cell lineage differentiation pathways. Here, we describe a method for the single-cell RNA-sequencing of isolated pancreatic &#946; cells from embryonic, neonatal and postnatal pancreases.

We describe a method for the isolation of endocrine cells from embryonic, neonatal and postnatal pancreases followed by single-cell RNA sequencing. This method allows analyses of pancreatic endocrine lineage development, cell heterogeneity and transcriptomic dynamics.

Einzellige Transkriptomischen Analysen der Maus endokrinen Zellen der Bauchspeicheldrüse

Pancreatic endocrine cells, which are clustered in islets, regulate blood glucose stability and energy metabolism. The distinct cell types in islets, ...

Entwicklungsbiologie

Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease affecting 382 million people in 2013, and is expected to rise to 592 million by 2035 1. During the past 2 decades, the role of beta-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes has been clearly established 2. Research progress has required methods for the isolation of pancreatic islets. The protocol of the islet isolation presented here shares many common steps with protocols from other groups, with some modifications to improve the yield and quality of isolated islets from both the wild type and diabetic Leprdb (db/db) mice. A live-cell 2-photon imaging method is then presented that can be used to investigate the control of insulin secretion within islets.

Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets

We present here a protocol for the isolation of islets from the mouse model of type 2 diabetes, Leprdb and details of a live-cell assay for measurement of insulin secretion from intact islets that utilizes 2 photon microscopy.

Lepr<sup&gt; Db</sup&gt; Mausmodell des Typ-2-Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation und Live-cell 2-Photonen-Imaging von intakten Inseln

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease affecting 382 million people in 2013, and is expected to rise to 592 million by 2035 1. During the past 2 decades, ...

A Murine Pancreatic Islet Cell-based Screening for Diabetogenic Environmental Chemicals

Exposure to certain environmental chemicals in human and animals has been found to cause cellular damage of the pancreatic &#946; cells which will lead to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although the mechanisms for the chemical-induced &#946; cell damage were unclear and likely to be complex, one recurring finding is that these chemicals induce oxidative stress leading to the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) which induce damage to the &#946; cell. To identify potential diabetogenic environmental chemicals, we isolated pancreatic islet cells from C57BL/6 mice and cultured islet cells in 96-well cell culture plates; then, the islet cells were dosed with chemicals and the ROS generation was detected by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCFH-DA) fluorescent dye. Using this method, we found that bisphenol A (BPA), Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), could induce high levels of ROS, suggesting that they may potentially induce damage in islet cells. This method should be useful for screening diabetogenic xenobiotics. In addition, the cultured islet cells may also be adapted for in vitro analysis of chemical-induced toxicity in pancreatic cells.

Here we present a protocol to isolate mouse pancreatic islet cells for screening the ROS inductions by the xenobiotics in order to identify the potential diabetogenic xenobiotic chemicals.

Ein murinen Pancreatic Islet Cell-basierte Screening für diabetogene Umweltchemikalien

Exposure to certain environmental chemicals in human and animals has been found to cause cellular damage of the pancreatic &#946; cells which will lead to ...

Immunologie und Infektion

Mouse Islet of Langerhans Isolation using a Combination of Purified Collagenase and Neutral Protease

The interrogation of beta cell gene expression and function in vitro has squarely shifted over the years from the study of rodent tumorigenic cell lines to the study of isolated rodent islets. Primary islets offer the distinct advantage that they more faithfully reflect the biology of intracellular signaling pathways and secretory responses. Whereas the method of islet isolation using tissue dissociating enzyme (TDE) preparations has been well established in many laboratories1-4, variations in the consistency of islet yield and quality from any given rodent strain limit the extent and feasibility of primary islet studies. These variations often occur as a result of the crude partially purified TDEs used in the islet isolation procedure; TDEs frequently exhibit lot-to-lot variations in activity and often require adjustments to the dose of enzyme used. A small number of reports have used purified TDEs for rodent cell isolations5, 6, but the practice is not widespread despite the routine use and advantages of purified TDEs for human islet isolations. In collaboration with VitaCyte, LLC (Indianapolis, IN), we developed a modified mouse islet isolation protocol based on that described by Gotoh7, 8, in which the TDEs are perfused directly into the pancreatic duct of mice, followed by crude tissue fractionation through a Histopaque gradient9, and isolation of purified islets. A significant difference in our protocol is the use of purified collagenase (CIzyme MA) and neutral protease (CIzyme BP) combination. The collagenase was characterized by the use of a6 fluorescence collagen degrading activity (CDA) assay that utilized fluorescently labeled soluble calf skin fibrils as substrate6. This substrate is more predictive of the kinetics of collagen degradation in the tissue matrix because it relies on native collagen as the substrate. The protease was characterized with a sensitive fluorescent kinetic assay10. Utilizing these improved assays along with more traditional biochemical analysis enable the TDE to be manufactured more consistently, leading to improved performance consistency between lots. The protocol described in here was optimized for maximal islet yield and optimal islet morphology using C57BL/6 mice. During the development of this protocol, several combinations of collagenase and neutral proteases were evaluated at different concentrations, and the final ratio of collagenase:neutral protease of 35:10 represents enzyme performance comparable to Sigma Type XI. Because significant variability in average islet yields from different strains of rats and mice have been reported, additional modifications of the TDE composition should be made to improve the yield and quality of islets recovered from different species and strains.

A detailed description of mouse islet isolation is described using the technique of in situ pancreatic ductal cannulation and perfusion of a combination of purified collagenase and neutral protease.

Maus Islet der Langerhans Isolation durch eine Kombination von gereinigtem Collagenase und Neutral Protease

The interrogation of beta cell gene expression and function in vitro has squarely shifted over the years from the study of rodent tumorigenic cell lines ...

Biologie

Visualization of Endogenous Mitophagy Complexes In Situ in Human Pancreatic Beta Cells Utilizing Proximity Ligation Assay

Mitophagy is an essential mitochondrial quality control pathway, which is crucial for pancreatic islet beta cell bioenergetics to fuel glucose-stimulated insulin release. Assessment of mitophagy is challenging and often requires genetic reporters or multiple complementary techniques not easily utilized in tissue samples, such as primary human pancreatic islets. Here we demonstrate a robust approach to visualize and quantify formation of key endogenous mitophagy complexes in primary human pancreatic islets. Utilizing the sensitive proximity ligation assay technique to detect interaction of the mitophagy regulators NRDP1 and USP8, we are able to specifically quantify formation of essential mitophagy complexes in situ. By coupling this approach to counterstaining for the transcription factor PDX1, we can quantify mitophagy complexes, and the factors that can impair mitophagy, specifically within beta cells. The methodology we describe overcomes the need for large quantities of cellular extracts required for other protein-protein interaction studies, such as immunoprecipitation (IP) or mass spectrometry, and is ideal for precious human islet&#160;samples generally not available in sufficient quantities for these approaches. Further, this methodology obviates the need for flow sorting techniques to purify beta cells from a heterogeneous islet population for downstream protein applications. Thus, we describe a valuable protocol for visualization of mitophagy highly compatible for use in heterogeneous and limited cell populations.

This protocol outlines a method for quantitative analysis of mitophagy protein complex formation specifically in beta cells from primary human islet samples. This technique thus allows analysis of mitophagy from limited biological material, which are crucial in precious human pancreatic beta cell samples.

Visualisierung von endogenen Mitophagie-Komplexen in Situ in menschlichen Pankreas-Betazellen unter Verwendung von Proximity Ligation Assay

Mitophagy is an essential mitochondrial quality control pathway, which is crucial for pancreatic islet beta cell bioenergetics to fuel glucose-stimulated ...

A Simple High Efficiency Protocol for Pancreatic Islet Isolation from Mice

Pancreatic islets, also called the Islets of Langerhans, are a cluster of endocrine cells which produces hormones for glucose regulation and other important biological functions. The islets primarily consist of five types of hormone-secreting cells: &#945; cells secrete glucagon, &#946; cells secrete insulin, &#948; cells secrete somatostatin, &#949; cells secrete ghrelin, and PP cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide. Sixty to 80% of the cells in the islets are &#946; cells, which are the most important cell population to study insulin secretion. Pancreatic islets are a crucial model system to study ex vivo insulin secretion. Acquiring high quality islets is of great importance for diabetes research. Most islet isolation procedures require technically difficult to access site of collagenase injection, harsh and complex digestion procedures, and multiple density gradient purification steps. This paper features a simple high yield mouse islet isolation method with detailed descriptions and realistic demonstrations, showing the following specific steps: 1) injection of collagenase P at the ampulla of Vater, a small area joining the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct, 2) enzymatic digestion and mechanical separation of the exocrine pancreas, and 3) a single gradient purification step. The advantages of this method are the injection of digestive enzyme using the more accessible ampulla of Vater, more complete digestion using combination of enzymatic and mechanical approaches, and a simpler single gradient purification step. This protocol produces approximately 250&#8212;350 islets per mouse; and islets are suitable for various ex vivo studies. Possible caveats of this procedure are potentially damaged islets due to enzymatic digestion and/or prolonged gradient incubation, all of which can be largely avoided by careful ad justification of incubation time.

This islet isolation protocol described a novel route of collagenase injection to digest the exocrine tissue and a simplified gradient procedure to purify the islets from mice. It involves enzymatic digestion, gradient separation/purification, and islet hand-picking. Successful isolation can yield 250&#8211;350 high quality and fully functional islets per mouse.

Ein einfaches Hocheffizienzprotokoll für die Isolierung von Pankreas-Isleten von Mäusen

Pancreatic islets, also called the Islets of Langerhans, are a cluster of endocrine cells which produces hormones for glucose regulation and other ...

Imaging Calcium Dynamics in Subpopulations of Mouse Pancreatic Islet Cells

Pancreatic islet hormones regulate blood glucose homeostasis. Changes in blood glucose induce oscillations of cytosolic calcium in pancreatic islet cells that trigger secretion of three main hormones: insulin (from &#946;-cells), glucagon (&#945;-cells) and somatostatin (&#948;-cells). &#946;-Cells, which make up the majority of islet cells and are electrically coupled to each other, respond to the glucose stimulus as one single entity. The excitability of the minor subpopulations, &#945;-cells and &#948;-cells (making up around 20% (30%) and 4% (10%) of the total rodent1 (human2) islet cell numbers, respectively) is less predictable and is therefore of special interest.
Calcium sensors are delivered into the peripheral layer of cells within the isolated islet. The islet or a group of islets is then immobilized and imaged using a fluorescence microscope. The choice of the imaging mode is between higher throughput (wide-field) and better spatial resolution (confocal). Conventionally, laser scanning confocal microscopy is used for imaging tissue, as it provides the best separation of the signal between the neighboring cells. A wide-field system can be utilized too, if the contaminating signal from the dominating population of &#946;-cells is minimized.
Once calcium dynamics in response to specific stimuli have been recorded, data are expressed in numerical form as fluorescence intensity vs. time, normalized to the initial fluorescence and baseline-corrected, to remove the effects linked to bleaching of the fluorophore. Changes in the spike frequency or partial area under the curve (pAUC) are computed vs. time, to quantify the observed effects. pAUC is more sensitive and quite robust whereas spiking frequency provides more information on the mechanism of calcium increase.
Minor cell subpopulations can be identified using functional responses to marker compounds, such as adrenaline and ghrelin, that induce changes in cytosolic calcium in a specific populations of islet cells.

Here, we present a protocol for imaging and quantifying calcium dynamics in heterogeneous cell populations, such as pancreatic islet cells. Fluorescent reporters are delivered into the peripheral layer of cells within the islet, which is then immobilized and imaged, and per-cell analysis of the dynamics of fluorescence intensity is performed.

Bildgebende Calciumdynamik in Subpopulationen von Maus-Pankreas-Islet-Zellen

Pancreatic islet hormones regulate blood glucose homeostasis. Changes in blood glucose induce oscillations of cytosolic calcium in pancreatic islet cells ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Rationalisierung der Extraktion von Pankreas-Endothelzellen der Maus für Krankheitsstudien

Isolation of Mouse Pancreatic Endothelial Cells

The pancreas is a vital organ for maintaining metabolic balance within the body, in part due to its production of metabolic hormones such as insulin and glucagon, as well as digestive enzymes. The pancreas is also a highly vascularized organ, a feature facilitated by the intricate network of pancreatic capillaries. This extensive capillary network is made up of highly fenestrated endothelial cells (ECs) important for pancreas development and function. Accordingly, the dysfunction of ECs can contribute to that of the pancreas in diseases like diabetes and cancer. Thus, researching the function of pancreatic ECs (pECs) is important not only for understanding pancreas biology but also for developing its pathologies. Mouse models are valuable tools to study metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, there has not been an established protocol with sufficient details described for the isolation of mouse pECs due to the relatively small population of ECs and the abundant digestive enzymes potentially released from the acinar tissue that can lead to cell damage and, thus, low yield. To address these challenges, we devised a protocol to enrich and recover mouse pECs, combining gentle physical and chemical dissociation and antibody-mediated selection. The protocol presented here provides a robust method to extract intact and viable ECs from the whole mouse pancreas. This protocol is suitable for multiple downstream assays and may be applied to various mouse models.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Isolierung von Endothelzellen der Bauchspeicheldrüse der Maus

This protocol describes the isolation of mouse endothelial cells from whole pancreas.

Isolierung von Endothelzellen der Bauchspeicheldrüse der Maus

The pancreas is a vital organ for maintaining metabolic balance within the body, in part due to its production of metabolic hormones such as insulin and ...

Eine Methode zur Maus-Inselzellen der Bauchspeicheldrüse Isolation und intrazellulären cAMP-Bestimmung

Zusammenfassung

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Lepr

Ein murinen Pancreatic Islet Cell-basierte Screening für diabetogene Umweltchemikalien

Maus Islet der Langerhans Isolation durch eine Kombination von gereinigtem Collagenase und Neutral Protease

Visualisierung von endogenen Mitophagie-Komplexen in Situ in menschlichen Pankreas-Betazellen unter Verwendung von Proximity Ligation Assay

Ein einfaches Hocheffizienzprotokoll für die Isolierung von Pankreas-Isleten von Mäusen

Bildgebende Calciumdynamik in Subpopulationen von Maus-Pankreas-Islet-Zellen

Isolierung von Endothelzellen der Bauchspeicheldrüse der Maus

Isolierung von Endothelzellen der Bauchspeicheldrüse der Maus