JoVE Science Education > DNA Replikation und Reparatur

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DNA Replikation und Reparatur

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Erwin Chargaff’s rules on DNA equivalence paved the way for the discovery of base pairing in DNA. Chargaff’s rules state that in a ...

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Die DNA-Replikationsgabel

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped ...

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Nachlaufende Strangsynthese

During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. ...

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Das Replisom

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this ...

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Korrekturlesen

Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template ...

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Replikation in Prokaryoten

DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the ...

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Replikation in Eukaryoten

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before ...

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Telomere und Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of ...

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Überblick über die DNA-Reparatur

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a ...

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Reparatur der Basis-Exzision

One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and ...

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Nukleotid Exzisionsreparatur

DNA Distortion and Damage Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV ...

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Reparatur von Fehlanpassungen

Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the ...

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Befestigung von Doppelstrangbrüchen

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the ...

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Homologe Rekombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of ...

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Gen-Konversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the ...

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DNA-Schäden können den Zellzyklus zum Stillstand bringen

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages ...

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Neustart von angehaltenen Replikationszweigen

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the ...