资金来源：这项工作是由一个斯图尔特总部及维多利亚泉Predoctoral奖学金（RMW），美国国立卫生研究院先锋奖（RAS）的支持

一般健康检查一个更全面的治疗，一般健康检查可以发现杰奎琳克劳利的优良行为的表型资源，什么是错的， 我的鼠标？1。我们首先使用修改后的观察测试电池，以评估主体的一般健康。电池包括塞缪尔欧文的全面评估，协议2项，快速识别这些科目将不适合进一步的测试。简单地说，修改后的电池标识，身体异常的动物（如严重不足或过重，缺乏培养，呼吸困难），表现出异常的姿势，运动或行为。这些都可能是疾病的症状。任何不健康的科目，同样标识的初步评价是适当的。 同样重要的是要注意动物是用于人道都在一般性的健康检查，以及在随后的测试。没有麻醉或镇痛用于这些测试不包括任何潜在的痛苦过程。 嗅觉灵敏测试这个测试是用来检测在两组小鼠（如野生型和突变的动物组）之间的嗅觉灵敏的区别。在这项测试中，香味多个稀释。一个天真的动物，然后调查了这种香味和总探索的时间（3分钟内）单一的稀释被记录下来。多个稀释度的气味不同，天真的科目测试和探索的总时间是用来产生各组小鼠的剂量反应曲线。两个研究人员也应该参与测试，盲目受基因型和/或条件。 主研究员<ol><li>获得4个干净笼子（8（高）x 10宽x 18 L英寸，），所有没有被褥。排队在生物安全柜中的四个笼。 </li><li>设置使用不透明的滤纸舞台之间的每个分区。横跨最终分区一个黑色的海报板等，黑色的侧面线条笼侧面和底部。一个明确的有机玻璃盖的舞台上方，让光线照亮的舞台。 （一） <img src="/files/ftp_upload/old/949_2009_1_14_8/figure1new.png" alt="图1" /> （二） <img src="/files/ftp_upload/old/949_2009_1_14_9/image15.png" alt="图1.5" /> 图1。竞技场设置 （一）适当地搭着，空舞台（二）主体和香味的滤纸竞技场。 </li> <li>开始habituating科目。将在第一的习惯笼的第一个主题。 15分钟后，移动到第二个笼子的第一个主题。清洁Quatricide结核病的第一个笼子里。下一步，放置在第一，清洁的笼子里的第二个问题。这一进程继续进行后续的科目。最终，每个主题应习惯于在所有三个笼习惯测试前15分钟之前被放置在舞台上（第四个也是最后一个笼子）。 </li></ol>盲人研究员<ol><li>适当数量的2英寸2英寸正方形滤纸气味样本。 </li><li>使用预先选定的气味，适当稀释。对于疏水样品，如花生酱，用作溶剂油，为人人，人，使用蒸馏水。涡街流量计。 </li><li>在生物安全柜等，整个笼结束的重点是的尽头，集数字录像设备。采取了初步的视频，以确保有足够的参数。 </li><li>记录在其中的稀释，照顾随机试验的顺序将被测试的顺序。 </li><li>记录主体的枯枝落叶和身份证号码。 </li><li>一旦这个问题已经习惯于在舞台上15分钟，开始编写一审。移液器的稀释和锥形管到滤纸广场前吹打。滤纸表面应优化〜85％覆盖（约0.50 MLS解决方案）。使用kimwipe，以确保不是过于饱和的滤纸。 </li><li>开始视频录制。 </li><li>在笼子里的动物的当前位置的另一端放在滤纸广场。 </li><li>开始计时。 </li><li> 3分钟后，停止录制，然后取出稀释后的气味。 </li><li>如果只有一个气味（如肉桂）进行测试，从舞台上删除的第一次测试科目。重复步骤6-11，每个动物适当稀释为每个主题的气味。如果要测试的是一个以上的香味，但是，没有从舞台中删除的测试题目。相反，开始计时。 </li><li>适当稀释未来的香味，用同样的方法，如上面列出。 </li><li> 1分钟后，开始录制视频。放置在笼子里的下一个气味稀释的动物的电流positio的另一端上的滤纸广场N. </li><li>重复步骤6-13，每个气味注意到每次试验的视频文件。 </li><li>重复步骤6-14为每个主题。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/old/949_2009_1_14_10/image2new.png" alt="图2" /> 图2。每个代表一个嗅觉灵敏的测试的会议结果。对照组（A组）或实验组（B组）鼠标暴露肉桂五种不同的稀释液在滤纸上提取一，三分钟的会议之一。花费的总时间探索的滤纸进行了评估。组小鼠有一个更大的嗅觉灵敏度比B组</li></ol>嗅觉偏好测试这个测试的目的是确定具体的检测的不足之处，即的能力感吸引力或厌恶的气味。下列程序借用从优从小早川协议，K.，al.3等。再次，两位研究人员应参与测试，有一个盲人受基因型和/或条件。总的探索时间再次记录（视频观看后）各种气味。总探索大于水的气味被指定为“有吸引力”，而与时并进小于水的人被称为“厌恶”。然后研究人员认为，相同的气味是否“有吸引力”或“厌恶”，针对不同的考试科目。 嗅觉灵敏的主要研究人员的测试组按照步骤1-3。 盲人研究员嗅觉偏好测试的过程是相同的，稍作修改步骤2和4。请遵循以下变化嗅觉灵敏盲目研究员测试组中的步骤1-15，对于第2步使用预先选定的气味（吸引力和厌恶的气味的组合），使每个适当稀释的解决方案锥形管。对于疏水样品，如花生酱，用作溶剂油，为人人，人，使用蒸馏水。涡街流量计。步骤4，记录要测试的稀释，而不是记录的，将被测试的不同气味的顺序，随机试验的顺序。 这个测试的目的是确定具体的检测的不足之处，即的能力感吸引力或厌恶的气味。下列程序借用宽松的小早川，K 等协议3。再次，两位研究人员应参与测试，有一个盲人受基因型和/或条件。总的探索时间再次记录（视频观看后）各种气味。总探索大于水的气味被指定为“有吸引力”，而与时并进小于水的人被称为“厌恶”。然后研究人员认为，相同的气味是否“有吸引力”或“厌恶”，针对不同的考试科目。 嗅觉灵敏的主要研究人员的测试组按照步骤1-3。 盲人研究员嗅觉偏好测试的过程是相同的，与步骤2，4和13稍作修改。请遵循以下变化嗅觉灵敏盲目研究员测试组中的步骤1-15，对于第2步使用预先选定的气味（吸引力和厌恶的气味的组合），使每个适当稀释的解决方案锥形管。对于疏水样品，如花生酱，用作溶剂油，为人人，人，使用蒸馏水。涡街流量计。步骤4，记录要测试的稀释，而不是记录的，将被测试的不同气味的顺序，随机的顺序，在每个审判。第13步，在笼子里的动物的当前位置的另一端上的下一个气味过滤纸平方米。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/old/949_2009_1_14_11/image3new.png" alt="图3" /> 图3。为代表的嗅觉偏好测试的会议结果 。每只小鼠暴露在滤纸上的每一个不同的气味，一，三分钟的会议。花费的总时间探索的滤纸进行了评估。花生酱和香草有吸引力的气味（探索时间的香味&gt;探索时间水）和2 -甲基丁酸是厌恶（探索时间的香味&lt;探索时间水） 。 计分的嗅觉测试获取所有的嗅觉灵敏和偏好的视频后，有必要分析花费的总时间探索每个稀释度/香味。有失明的研究员分析一致性的所有影片。 <ol><li>预览的VIDEO，指出以下几点：一）滤纸放置在舞台上时，b）当鼠标接近滤纸，C）当鼠标调查滤纸和D）时，三分钟过去了，，（从当过滤器文件被放置在舞台上）。知道什么时候把重点放在鼠标的行为，使得它更容易准确地得分探索经审查花费的总时间。 </li><li>查看视频。注意当鼠标首次调查的滤纸（延迟）的时间。 </li><li>用秒表，时间三分钟，在舞台上放置滤纸内的所有调查。调查的时间是指任何时候鼠标的鼻孔&lt;1毫米的滤纸。重要的是不包括任何的时间，当鼠标在接近滤纸，但不积极调查。不包括咀嚼和舔的文件或纸张上的总的探索时间坐在较量较量。这是必要的，始终坚持密切这些规则，精确地分析嗅觉行为。 </li><li>记录的延迟时间，花费的总时间调查滤纸和视频文件数量。 </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Crawley, J. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=What&amp;rsquo;s+Wrong+with+my+Mouse?+Behavioral+Phenotyping+of+Transgenic+and+Knockout+Mice.">What&amp;rsquo;s Wrong with my Mouse? Behavioral Phenotyping of Transgenic and Knockout Mice.</a> , 42-60 (2007).</li><li>Irwin, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comprehensive+observational+assessment:+Ia.+A+systematic,+quantitative+procedure+for+assessing+the+behavioral+and+physiologic+state+of+the+mouse.">Comprehensive observational assessment: Ia. A systematic, quantitative procedure for assessing the behavioral and physiologic state of the mouse.</a> Psychopharmacologia. 13, 222-257 (1968).</li><li>Kobayakawa, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Innate+versus+learned+odour+processing+in+the+mouse+olfactory+bulb.">Innate versus learned odour processing in the mouse olfactory bulb.</a> Nature. 450, 503-508 (2007).</li></ol>

上述测试的基本嗅觉功能允许快速和可靠的评估。它不是被忽视，然而，这种可靠性要求的正确选择和测试科目的准备。动物患病或其他无行为能力的往往是不一致的考试科目。此外，考试科目的习惯是关键。我们已经发现多个笼的习惯过程中的使用，使动物成为实验者处理和不断变化的环境舒适。我们还发现，对于习惯上所标明的短不足以减轻焦虑。焦虑动物也往往是不可预知的考试科目，并?...

<table><tbody><tr><td>2-Methylbutyric acid</td><td>Reagent</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>W269506</td><td>&lt;b&gt;Concentrations Used:&lt;/b&gt;9.16 x 10&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; &amp;#8211; 10&lt;sup&gt;-8&lt;/sup&gt; M (in H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;0)</td></tr><tr><td>Pure Vanilla Extract</td><td>Reagent</td><td>McCormick &amp;amp; Co.</td><td>n/a</td><td>&lt;b&gt;Concentrations Used:&lt;/b&gt;10&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; &amp;#8211; 10&lt;sup&gt;-5&lt;/sup&gt; dilution (in H20)</td></tr><tr><td>Peanut Butter (Skippy, Extra Crunchy)</td><td>Reagent</td><td>Unilever</td><td>n/a</td><td>&lt;b&gt;Concentrations Used:&lt;/b&gt;10% (w/v), in mineral oil</td></tr><tr><td>Cinnamon Extract</td><td>Reagent</td><td>McCormick &amp;amp; Co.</td><td>n/a</td><td>&lt;b&gt;Concentrations Used:&lt;/b&gt;10&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; &amp;#8211; 10&lt;sup&gt;-5&lt;/sup&gt; dilution (in H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;0)</td></tr><tr><td>Mineral Oil, light</td><td>Reagent</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>O121-1</td><td>&lt;b&gt;Concentrations Used:&lt;/b&gt;N/A</td></tr></tbody></table>

olfactory behavioral testing in the adult mouse

啮齿动物的嗅觉系统是越来越大的兴趣，科学家，研究，在系统生物学中的一部分，由于其千篇一律，但访问的电路。此外，这方面的独特能力，一个生物体的整个生命周期内产生新的神经元，使得它有吸引力的系统发育和再生生物学家的一致好评。这种利益必须的嗅觉功能的快速而可靠的评估手段。许多嗅觉能力测试，是复杂的，变量或没有专门对小鼠。另外，一些试验是敏感的记忆障碍以及嗅觉能力，得到的结果混杂的缺陷。 在这里，我们描述了一个简单的电池测试的目的是找出在嗅觉灵敏和偏好的缺陷。首先，最初的一般健康状况评估，可以对动物进行进一步的测试适合的鉴定。其次，老鼠接触到不同的气味稀释，以确定是否有是一个阈值差异。第三，小鼠的各种气味，吸引力和厌恶，允许嗅觉偏好评估。这些简单的研究，应使不同的资源和专门知识的实验室访问的嗅觉行为的初步鉴定。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Olfactory Behavioral Testing in the Adult Mouse at JoVE.com

Olfactory Behavioral Testing in the Adult Mouse

的啮齿类动物嗅觉系统的基础，但独特的属性，导致其日益增加的研究，生物学家。然后还需要一个相对简单的评估，其功能是。在这里，我们描述了小鼠嗅觉灵敏的特性和喜好的敏感测试。

在成年小鼠的嗅觉行为测试

The rodent olfactory system is of increasing interest to scientists, studied, in part, in systems biology because of its stereotyped, yet accessible ...

olfactory-behavioral-testing-in-the-adult-mouse

Universidad de Cartagena UDEC

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

19.4K 次观看.  Dana Farber Cancer Institute. 的啮齿类动物嗅觉系统的基础，但独特的属性，导致其日益增加的研究，生物学家。然后还需要一个相对简单的评估，其功能是。在这里，我们描述了小鼠嗅觉灵敏的特性和喜好的敏感测试。

视频: Olfactory Behavioral Testing in the Adult Mouse

Testing for Odor Discrimination and Habituation in Mice

This video demonstrates a technique to establish the presence of a normally functioning olfactory system in a mouse. The test helps determine whether the mouse can discriminate between non-social odors and social odors, whether the mouse habituates to a repeatedly presented odor, and whether the mouse demonstrates dishabituation when presented with a novel odor. Since many social behavior tests measure the experimental animal&#8217;s response to a familiar or novel mouse, false positives can be avoided by establishing that the animals can detect and discriminate between social odors. There are similar considerations in learning tests such as fear conditioning that use odor to create a novel environment or olfactory cues as an associative stimulus. Deficits in the olfactory system would impair the ability to distinguish between contexts and to form an association with an olfactory cue during fear conditioning. 
In the odor habitation/dishabituation test, the mouse is repeatedly presented with several odors. Each odor is presented three times for two minutes. The investigator records the sniffing time directed towards the odor as the measurement of olfactory responsiveness. A typical mouse shows a decrease in response to the odor over repeated presentations (habituation). The experimenter then presents a novel odor that elicits increased sniffing towards the new odor (dishabituation). After repeated presentation of the novel odor the animal again shows habituation. This protocol involves the presentation of water, two or more non-social odors, and two social odors. In addition to reducing experimental confounds, this test can provide information on the function of the olfactory systems of new knockout, knock-in, and conditional knockout mouse lines.

This manuscript describes a protocol to examine the olfactory system of rodents. The olfactory habituation/dishabituation test will allow investigators to determine whether a mouse habituates to a repeatedly presented odor and whether the mouse demonstrates dishabituation when presented a novel odor.

在小鼠试验的气味辨别和习惯化

This video demonstrates a technique to establish the presence of a normally functioning olfactory system in a mouse. The test helps determine whether the ...

科研

行为学

Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors

Social interactions are a fundamental and adaptive component of the biology of numerous species. Social recognition is critical for the structure and stability of the networks and relationships that define societies. For animals, such as mice, recognition of conspecifics may be important for maintaining social hierarchy and for mate choice 1.
A variety of neuropsychiatric disorders are characterized by disruptions in social behavior and social recognition, including depression, autism spectrum disorders, bipolar disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and schizophrenia. Studies of humans as well as animal models (e.g., Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus) have identified genes involved in the regulation of social behavior 2. To assess sociability in animal models, several behavioral tests have been developed (reviewed in 3). Integrative research using animal models and appropriate tests for social behavior may lead to the development of improved treatments for social psychopathologies.
The three-chamber paradigm test known as Crawley's sociability and preference for social novelty protocol has been successfully employed to study social affiliation and social memory in several inbred and mutant mouse lines (e.g. 4-7). The main principle of this test is based on the free choice by a subject mouse to spend time in any of three box's compartments during two experimental sessions, including indirect contact with one or two mice with which it is unfamiliar. To quantitate social tendencies of the experimental mouse, the main tasks are to measure a) the time spent with a novel conspecific and b) preference for a novel vs. a familiar conspecific. Thus, the experimental design of this test allows evaluation of two critical but distinguishable aspects of social behavior, such as social affiliation/motivation, as well as social memory and novelty. "Sociability" in this case is defined as propensity to spend time with another mouse, as compared to time spent alone in an identical but empty chamber 7. "Preference for social novelty" is defined as propensity to spend time with a previously unencountered mouse rather than with a familiar mouse 7. This test provides robust results, which then must be carefully analyzed, interpreted and supported/confirmed by alternative sociability tests. In addition to specific applications, Crawley's sociability test can be included as an important component of general behavioral screen of mutant mice.

Here we describe a detailed protocol for examination of sociability in mice by using Crawley's sociability and preference for social novelty test. We describe the advantages and possible applications for this procedure, including critical details important for correct interpretation of the results.

社会交往行为的评估

Social interactions are a fundamental and adaptive component of the biology of numerous species. Social recognition is critical for the structure and ...

神经科学

Simple and Computer-assisted Olfactory Testing for Mice

Olfaction is highly conserved among species and is required for reproduction and survival.
In humans, olfaction is also one of the senses that is affected with aging and is a strong predictor of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, olfaction testing is used as a non-invasive diagnostic method to detect neurological deficits early on. In order to understand the mechanisms underlying olfactory network susceptibility, olfactory research in rodents has gained momentum in the past decade.
Here, we present a very simple, time efficient and reproducible olfactory testing method of innate odor perception and sensitivity in mice without the need of any prior food or water restriction. The tests are performed in a familiar environment to the mice, require only the scents and a 2 min session of odorant exposure. The analysis is performed, post-hoc, using computer-assisted commands on ImageJ and can be, therefore, carried out from start to end by one researcher.
This protocol does not require any special hardware or setup and is indicated for any laboratory interested in testing olfactory perception and sensitivity.

We present a simple and unbiased olfactory test in mice. With this protocol olfactory discrimination, preference, avoidance and sensitivity to a novel odor as compared to water can be assessed in single behavioral sessions. This method is indicated for a single experimenter and analysis is based on computer-assisted video processing.

简单和计算机辅助测试嗅觉的小鼠

Olfaction is highly conserved among species and is required for reproduction and survival.
In humans, olfaction is also one of the senses that is affected ...

Novel Object Recognition and Object Location Behavioral Testing in Mice on a Budget

Ethologically relevant behavioral testing is a critical component of any study that uses mouse models to study the cognitive effects of various physiological or pathological changes. The object location task (OLT) and the novel object recognition task (NORT) are two effective behavioral tasks commonly used to reveal the function and relative health of specific brain regions involved in memory. While both of these tests exploit the inherent preference of mice for the novelty to reveal memory for previously encountered objects, the OLT primarily evaluates spatial learning, which relies heavily on hippocampal activity. The NORT, in contrast, evaluates non-spatial learning of object identity, which relies on multiple brain regions. Both tasks require an open-field-testing arena, objects with equivalent intrinsic value to mice, appropriate environmental cues, and video recording equipment and the software. Commercially available systems, while convenient, can be costly. This manuscript details a simple, cost-effective method for building the arenas and setting up the equipment necessary to perform the OLT and NORT. Furthermore, the manuscript describes an efficient testing protocol that incorporates both OLT and NORT and provides typical methods for data acquisition and analysis, as well as representative results. Successful completion of these tests can provide valuable insight into the memory function of various mouse model systems and appraise the underlying neural regions that support these functions.

Here we provide a protocol which includes comprehensive instructions for the economical establishment of murine object location and novel object recognition behavioral testing, including the design, cost, and construction of required equipment as well as execution of behavioral testing, data collection, and analysis.

一种新的小鼠目标识别与目标定位行为测试

Ethologically relevant behavioral testing is a critical component of any study that uses mouse models to study the cognitive effects of various ...

A Low-Cost, Odor-Reward Association Task for Tests of Learning and Memory

Robust and simple behavioral paradigms of appetitive, associative memory are crucial for researchers interested in cellular and molecular mechanisms of memory. In this paper, an effective and low-cost mouse behavioral protocol is described for examining the effects of physiological manipulation (such as the infusion of pharmacological agents) on the learning rate and duration of odor-reward memory. Representative results are provided from a study examining the differential role of tyrosine kinase receptor activity in short-term (STM) and long-term memory (LTM). Male mice were conditioned to associate a reward (sugar pellet) with one of the two odors, and their memory for the association was tested 2 or 48 h later. Immediately prior to the training, a tyrosine kinase (Trk) receptor inhibitor or vehicle infusions were delivered into the olfactory bulb (OB). Although there was no effect of the infusion on the learning rate, blockade of the Trk receptors in the OB selectively impaired LTM (48 h), and not short-term memory (STM; 2 h). The LTM impairment was attributed to the diminished odor selectivity as measured by the length of the digging time. The culmination of the results of this experiment showed that Trk receptor activation in the OB is the key in olfactory memory consolidation.

An odor-reward, associative learning task was used to investigate the differential effects of physiological manipulation on long-term and short-term memory.

Robust and simple behavioral paradigms of appetitive, associative memory are crucial for researchers interested in cellular and molecular mechanisms of ...

评估吸入环境污染物导致小鼠嗅觉损害

Studying the Effects of Inhaled Environmental Pollutants on Olfactory Function in Mice

Olfactory impairment is a significant public health problem and independently predicts the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Inhaled environmental pollutants exposure may impair olfaction; thereby, there is an urgent need for methods to evaluate the effects of inhaled environmental pollutants exposure on olfaction. Mice are ideal models for olfactory experiments because of their highly developed olfactory system and behavioral characteristics. To assess the effects of inhaled environmental pollutants exposure on olfactory function in mice, a detailed buried food test and social odor discrimination experiment is provided, including the experiment preparation, the selection and construction of experimental facilities, the testing process, and indexes of time. Meanwhile, timekeeping equipment, operational details, and the experimental environment are discussed to ensure the success of the assay. Zinc sulfate is used as the treatment to demonstrate the feasibility of the experimental approach. The protocol provides a simple and clear operational process for assessing the effects of inhaled environmental pollutants on olfactory function in mice.

作者聚焦：评估空气污染物的嗅觉影响 - 埋藏的食物和社会气味测试

This paper provides a detailed description of the buried food test and social odor discrimination experiment to assess the effects of inhaled environmental pollutants exposure on olfactory function in mice.

研究吸入环境污染物对小鼠嗅觉功能的影响

Olfactory impairment is a significant public health problem and independently predicts the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Inhaled environmental ...

环境科学

Assessment of Mouse Judgment Bias through an Olfactory Digging Task

Judgment biases (JB) are differences in the way that individuals in positive and negative affective/emotional states interpret ambiguous information. This phenomenon has long been observed in humans, with individuals in positive states responding to ambiguity 'optimistically' and those in negative states instead showing 'pessimism'. Researchers aiming to assess animal affect have taken advantage of these differential responses, developing tasks to assess judgment bias as an indicator of affective state. These tasks are becoming increasingly popular across diverse species and fields of research. However, for laboratory mice, the most widely used vertebrates in research and a species heavily relied upon to model affective disorders, only one JB task has been successfully validated as sensitive to changes in affective state. Here, we provide a detailed description of this novel murine JB task, and evidence of its sensitivity to mouse affect. Though refinements are still necessary, assessment of mouse JB opens the door for answering both practical questions regarding mouse welfare, and fundamental questions about the impact of affective state in translational research.

This article provides a detailed description of a novel mouse judgment bias protocol. Evidence of this olfactory digging task's sensitivity to affective state is also demonstrated and its utility across diverse research fields is discussed.

通过嗅觉挖掘任务评估小鼠判断偏差

Judgment biases (JB) are differences in the way that individuals in positive and negative affective/emotional states interpret ambiguous information. This ...

Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease

In many neurodegenerative diseases and particularly in Parkinson&#8217;s disease, deficits in olfaction are reported to occur early in the disease process and may be a useful behavioral marker for early detection. Earlier detection in neurodegenerative disease is a major goal in the field because this is when neuroprotective therapies have the best potential to be effective. Therefore, in preclinical studies testing novel neuroprotective strategies in rodent models of neurodegenerative disease, olfactory assessment could be highly useful in determining therapeutic potential of compounds and translation to the clinic. In the present study we describe a battery of olfactory assays that are useful in measuring olfactory function in mice. The tests presented in this study were chosen because they measure olfaction abilities in mice related to food odors, social odors, and non-social odors. These tests have proven useful in characterizing novel genetic mouse models of Parkinson&#8217;s disease as well as in testing potential disease-modifying therapies.

Impairment in olfactory function is a common feature in many neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson, Alzheimer, and Huntington diseases. In the present article, we describe a set of tests for assessing olfaction discrimination and detection in mice that can be used to measure olfactory abilities in mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases.

嗅觉测定的神经退行性疾病的小鼠模型

In many neurodegenerative diseases and particularly in Parkinson&#8217;s disease, deficits in olfaction are reported to occur early in the disease process ...

在成年小鼠的嗅觉行为测试

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此视频中的章节

在小鼠试验的气味辨别和习惯化

社会交往行为的评估

简单和计算机辅助测试嗅觉的小鼠

一种新的小鼠目标识别与目标定位行为测试

A Low-Cost, Odor-Reward Association Task for Tests of Learning and Memory

研究吸入环境污染物对小鼠嗅觉功能的影响

研究吸入环境污染物对小鼠嗅觉功能的影响

研究吸入环境污染物对小鼠嗅觉功能的影响

通过嗅觉挖掘任务评估小鼠判断偏差

嗅觉测定的神经退行性疾病的小鼠模型